βUnderbedβ ukusingathwa ligama le-slang lomncedisi obekwe kwindawo yokuhlala eqhelekileyo kwaye eqhagamshelwe kwisitishi se-Intanethi sasekhaya. Iiseva ezinjalo zihlala zibamba iseva yeFTP kawonkewonke, iphepha lasekhaya lomnini, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nokusingathwa okupheleleyo kwezinye iiprojekthi. Le nto yayiqhelekile kwiintsuku zokuqala zokuvela kwe-Intanethi yasekhaya efikelelekayo ngokusebenzisa umjelo ozinikeleyo, xa urenta umncedisi ozinikeleyo kwiziko ledatha kwakubiza kakhulu, kwaye iiseva ezibonakalayo zazingekasasazeka kwaye zilungele ngokwaneleyo.
Amaxesha amaninzi, ikhompyuter endala yabelwa iseva ye "underbed", apho zonke ii-hard drives ezifunyenweyo zafakwa. Isenokusebenza njenge-router yasekhaya kunye ne-firewall. Wonke umqeshwa ozihloniphayo nge-telecom wayeqinisekile ukuba uneseva enjalo ekhaya.
Ngokufika kweenkonzo zelifu ezifikelelekayo, iiseva zasekhaya ziye zingathandwa kakhulu, kwaye namhlanje eyona nto inokufumaneka kwiindawo zokuhlala yi-NAS yokugcina ii-albhamu zeefoto, iimuvi kunye nee-backups.
Inqaku lixoxa ngeemeko ezinomdla ezinxulumene neeseva zasekhaya kunye neengxaki ezijongene nabalawuli babo. Makhe sibone ukuba le nto ijongeka njani kule mihla kwaye ukhethe ukuba zeziphi izinto ezinomdla onokuthi uzibambe kwiseva yakho yabucala namhlanje.
Iiseva zenethiwekhi zasekhaya kwiNovaya Kakhovka. Ifoto evela kwindawo nag.ru
Idilesi ye-IP echanekileyo
Imfuno ephambili yomncedisi wasekhaya yayibukho bedilesi ye-IP yangempela, oko kukuthi, i-routable evela kwi-Intanethi. Ababoneleli abaninzi abazange babonelele ngenkonzo enjalo kubantu ngabanye, kwaye kwafuneka ukuba ifunyenwe ngesivumelwano esikhethekileyo. Amaxesha amaninzi umboneleli ebefuna ukuba agqibezele ikhontrakthi eyahlukileyo yokubonelela nge-IP ezinikeleyo. Ngamanye amaxesha kwanale nkqubo ibandakanya ukudala i-NIC Handle eyahlukileyo yomnini, ngenxa yoko igama lakhe elipheleleyo kunye nedilesi yasekhaya yayifumaneka ngokuthe ngqo usebenzisa umyalelo we-Whois. Apha kwakufuneka silumke xa siphikisana kwi-Intanethi, ekubeni ihlaya malunga "nokubala nge-IP" yayeka ukuba yihlaya. Ngendlela, kungekudala kwabakho i-scandal , eyagqiba ukubeka idatha yobuqu yabo bonke abathengi bayo kwi-whois.
Idilesi ye-IP esisigxina vs DynDNS
Kulungile ukuba ukwazile ukufumana idilesi ye-IP esisigxina - emva koko unokwalathisa ngokulula onke amagama esizinda kuwo kwaye ulibale ngayo, kodwa oku bekungenzeki rhoqo. Ababoneleli abaninzi be-ADSL abakhulu be-ADSL banike abathengi idilesi yokwenyani ye-IP kuphela ngexesha leseshoni, oko kukuthi, inokutshintsha nokuba kanye ngosuku, okanye ukuba imodem iqaliswe ngokutsha okanye uxhulumaniso lulahlekile. Kule meko, iinkonzo zeDyn (eziguquguqukayo) zeDNS zeza kuhlangula. Eyona nkonzo idumileyo , eyayikhululekile ixesha elide, yenza ukuba kube lula ukufumana i-subdomain kwindawo *.dyndns.org, enokuhlaziywa ngokukhawuleza xa idilesi ye-IP itshintsha. Isikripthi esikhethekileyo kwicala lomxhasi sihlala sinkqonkqoza kwiseva yeDynDNS, kwaye ukuba idilesi yayo ephumayo itshintshile, idilesi entsha yafakwa ngoko nangoko kwi-A-record ye-subdomain.
Amazibuko avaliweyo kunye neeprothokholi ezingavumelekanga
Ababoneleli abaninzi, ngakumbi i-ADSL enkulu, babechasene nabasebenzisi ukubamba naziphi na iinkonzo zoluntu kwiidilesi zabo, ngoko ke banqanda uqhagamshelo olungenayo kumazibuko adumileyo njengeHTTP. Kukho iimeko ezaziwayo apho ababoneleli bavale izibuko zeeseva zomdlalo, ezifana ne-Counter-Strike kunye ne-Half-Life. Lo mkhwa usathandwa nanamhlanje, nto leyo ebangela iingxaki ngamanye amaxesha. Ngokomzekelo, phantse bonke ababoneleli bavala i-RPC kunye ne-NetBios Windows port (135-139 kunye ne-445) ukuthintela ukusasazeka kweentsholongwane, kunye namazibuko angenayo rhoqo kwi-imeyile ye-SMTP, i-POP3, i-IMAP protocol.
Ababoneleli ababonelela ngeenkonzo zefoni ze-IP ukongeza kwi-Intanethi bathanda ukuvala izibuko zeprotocol ze-SIP ukuze banyanzelise abathengi ukuba basebenzise kuphela iinkonzo zabo zocingo.
PTR kunye nokuthunyelwa kweposi
Ukubamba eyakho iseva yemeyile sisihloko esikhulu esahlukileyo. Ukugcina iseva ye-imeyile yobuqu phantsi kwebhedi yakho ephantsi kolawulo lwakho ngumbono ohenda kakhulu. Kodwa ukuphunyezwa ekusebenzeni kwakungasoloko kusenzeka. Uninzi lweedilesi ze-IP zasekhaya ze-ISP zivaliwe ngokusisigxina kuluhlu logaxekile (), ngoko abancedisi beposi bala ukwamkela udibaniso olungenayo lwe-SMTP olusuka kwiidilesi ze-IP zababoneleli bekhaya. Ngenxa yoko, kwakuphantse kube nzima ukuthumela ileta evela kumncedisi onjalo.
Ukongezelela, ukuthumela ngempumelelo i-imeyile, kwakuyimfuneko ukufaka irekhodi elichanekileyo le-PTR kwidilesi ye-IP, oko kukuthi, ukuguqulwa kwe-reverse yedilesi ye-IP kwigama lesizinda. Uninzi lwababoneleli bavumile oku kuphela ngesivumelwano esikhethekileyo okanye xa begqibezela isivumelwano esahlukileyo.
Sikhangela iiseva ezingaphantsi kwebhedi yabamelwane
Ukusebenzisa iirekhodi ze-PTR, sinokubona ukuba ngabaphi abamelwane bethu ngeedilesi ze-IP baye bavuma ukuseta irekhodi ekhethekileyo ye-DNS kwi-IP yabo. Ukwenza oku, thatha idilesi yethu ye-IP yasekhaya kwaye usebenzise umyalelo wayo nguba ni u, kwaye sifumana uluhlu lweedilesi ezikhutshwa ngumboneleli kubaxhasi. Kusenokubakho uluhlu olunjalo, kodwa ngenxa yovavanyo, makhe sijonge enye.
Kwimeko yethu, lo ngumboneleli we-Intanethi (Rostelecom). Masiye ku kwaye ufumane idilesi yethu ye-IP:
Ngendlela, i-Intanethi yenye yalabo baboneleli abahlala bekhupha i-IP esisigxina kubaxhasi, nangaphandle kwenkonzo yedilesi ye-IP ezinikeleyo. Nangona kunjalo, idilesi isenokungatshintshi kangangeenyanga.
Masisombulule lonke uluhlu lweedilesi 95.84.192.0/18 (malunga ne-16 yeedilesi ezingamawaka) sisebenzisa i-nmap. Ukhetho -sL ngokuyimfuneko ayiskeneli inginginya ngenkuthalo, kodwa ithumela kuphela imibuzo ye-DNS, ngoko ke kwiziphumo sizakubona imigca equlathe idomeyini eyayanyaniswa nedilesi yeIP.
$ nmap -sL -vvv 95.84.192.0/18
......
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-131.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.131)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-132.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.132)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-133.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.133)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-134.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.134)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-135.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.135)
Nmap scan report for mx2.merpassa.ru (95.84.195.136)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-137.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.137)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-138.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.138)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-139.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.139)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-140.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.140)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-141.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.141)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-142.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.142)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-143.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.143)
Nmap scan report for broadband-95-84-195-144.ip.moscow.rt.ru (95.84.195.144)
.....
Phantse zonke iidilesi zinerekhodi eqhelekileyo ye-PTR efana broadband-address.ip.moscow.rt.ru ngaphandle kwezinto ezimbalwa, kuquka mx2.merpassa.ru. Ngokujonga isizinda esisezantsi se-mx, le yiseva yemeyile (utshintshiselwano lweimeyile). Makhe sizame ukujonga le dilesi kwinkonzo
Ingabonwa ukuba lonke uluhlu lwe-IP likuluhlu lwebhloko esisigxina, kwaye iileta ezithunyelwe zisuka kulo mncedisi aziyi kufane zifike kummkeli. Yithathele ingqalelo oku xa ukhetha umncedisi we imeyile ephumayo.
Ukugcina iseva yemeyile kuluhlu lwe-IP lomnikezeli wekhaya lakho kusoloko kungumbono ombi. Umncedisi onjalo uya kuba neengxaki zokuthumela kunye nokufumana iposi. Gcina oku engqondweni ukuba umlawuli wenkqubo yakho ucebisa ukuba kusetyenziswe umncedisi weposi ngokuthe ngqo kwidilesi ye-IP yeofisi.
Sebenzisa nokuba ngumgcini wokwenene okanye inkonzo ye-imeyile. Ngale ndlela kuya kufuneka ufowunele kancinci ukujonga ukuba iileta zakho zifikile na.
Ukusingatha kwirutha yeWiFi
Ngokufika kweekhompyuter zebhodi enye njengeRaspberry Pi, ayimangalisi into yokubona iwebhusayithi isebenza kwisixhobo esilingana nepakethi yecuba, kodwa nangaphambi kokuba iRaspberry Pi, abathandi babeqhuba amaphepha asekhaya ngokuthe ngqo kwirutha yeWiFi!
I-router edumileyo ye-WRT54G, eyaqala iprojekthi ye-OpenWRT ngo-2004
I-router ye-Linksys WRT54G, apho iprojekthi ye-OpenWRT yaqala khona, yayingenazo izibuko ze-USB, kodwa iingcibi zafumana izikhonkwane ze-GPIO ezithengiswayo ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe njenge-SPI. Yile ndlela imod evele ngayo eyongeza ikhadi le-SD kwisixhobo. Oku kwavula inkululeko enkulu yokuyila. Unokude udibanise yonke i-PHP! Ndikhumbula ngokwam ukuba, phantse ndingazi ukuba ndithengise njani, ndithengise ikhadi le-SD kule router. Emva kwexesha, izibuko ze-USB ziya kuvela kwiirutha kwaye ungafaka ngokulula i-flash drive.
Ngaphambili, bekukho iiprojekthi ezininzi kwi-Intanethi ezaqaliswa ngokupheleleyo kwirutha yeWiFi yasekhaya; kuya kubakho inqaku malunga noku ngezantsi. Ngelishwa, andizange ndifumane indawo enye ephilayo. Mhlawumbi uyazazi ezi?
Iikhabhathi zeseva ezivela kwiitafile ze-IKEA
Ngenye imini, umntu wafumanisa ukuba itafile yekofu eyaziwayo evela kwi-IKEA ebizwa ngokuba yi-Lack isebenze kakuhle njenge-rack yeeseva eziqhelekileyo ze-intshi ezili-19. Ngenxa yexabiso layo le-9 yeedola, le theyibhile idume kakhulu ekudaleni amaziko edatha yasekhaya. Le ndlela yokufakela ibizwa ngokuba .
Itafile ye-Ikea Lakk ilungile endaweni yekhabhathi yomncedisi
Iitafile zinokubekwa enye phezu kwenye kwaye zenze iikhabhathi zeseva yokwenyani. Ngelishwa, ngenxa ye-chipboard ethambileyo elaminethiweyo, iiseva ezinzima zabangela ukuba iitafile ziwe. Ukuthembeka, zomelezwa ngeekona zetsimbi.
Indlela abantwana besikolo ababendibandeza ngayo i-Intanethi
Njengoko bekulindelekile, nam ndine-server yam engaphantsi kwebhedi, apho iforum elula yayiqhuba, ezinikele kwisihloko esinxulumene nomdlalo. Ngenye imini, inkwenkwana yesikolo eyayinoburhalarhume, yayinganelisekanga sisithintelo, yacenga amaqabane ayo, yaye ngokudibeneyo yaqalisa i-DDoS iforum yam kwiikhompyutha zabo zasekhaya. Kuba lonke ijelo le-Intanethi ngelo xesha lalimalunga neeMegabits ezingama-20, bakwazile ukukhubaza ngokupheleleyo i-Intanethi yasekhaya. Akukho kuthintela i-firewall yanceda, kuba itshaneli yayiphelelwe ngokupheleleyo.
Ngaphandle kwakubonakala kuhlekisa kakhulu:
- Molo, kutheni ungandiphenduli kwi-ICQ?
-Uxolo, akukho intanethi, bazama ukundifumana.
Ukuqhagamshelana nomnikezeli akuzange kuncede, bandixelela ukuba kwakungeyona imbopheleleko yabo ukujongana nale nto, kwaye banokuvala kuphela i-traffic engenayo ngokupheleleyo. Ndiye ndahlala iintsuku ezimbini ngaphandle kwe-Intanethi de abahlaseli badinwa yiyo.
isiphelo
Bekufanele ukuba kukho ukhetho lweenkonzo zale mihla zeP2P ezinokuthi zibekwe kwiseva yasekhaya, njengeZeroNet, IPFS, Tahoe-LAFS, BitTorrent, I2P. Kodwa kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo uluvo lwam luye lwatshintsha kakhulu. Ndiyakholelwa ukuba ukusingatha naziphi na iinkonzo zoluntu kwidilesi ye-IP yekhaya, kwaye ngakumbi ezo zibandakanya ukukhuphela umxholo womsebenzisi, kudala ingozi engafanelekanga kubo bonke abahlali abahlala kwindlu. Ngoku ndikucebisa ukuba uthintele uqhagamshelo olungenayo kwi-Intanethi kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ulahle iidilesi ze-IP ezinikezelweyo, kwaye ugcine zonke iiprojekthi zakho kwiiseva ezikude kwi-Intanethi.
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umthombo: www.habr.com