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ךע×××עך ×€××€ÖŒ ××× × ××©× ×× ×€×××ק××× ×Š× ×ַך××עך׀××š× ××Ö·×× ××× ×× ×§×š××€ÖŒ××× ×€×֞ךע×, ××× ×Ö· ךע×××××Ö·× ×€×× ×××֞ס ××Ö·× ×׊עך × ×¢××¢×, ×€ÖŒ×ַס××עך××, ק×Ö·××Ö·× ×× ××× ×× ×עךע ××× ×€Ö¿×֞ך××ַ׊××¢ ×§×¢× ×¢× ×××× ××××× ××× ××××× ×× ×עךסע׀֌××Ö·× ×××š× ×Ö·××ַקעך×. ×× ××¢××××× ×××¢× ×××××× × ×Š× ××¢× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž×××¢× ××× ×Š× × ××Š× "×××עך", TLS-׀֌ך×Öž×עק××¢× ××עךס×עס ×€×× ×× ×©×€ÖŒ×ךע××××ק ׀֌ך×Öž××֞ק×Öž× (FTPS) ×Öž×עך ×× ×× ×עך, ×עך ×××עך ׀֌ך×Öž××֞ק×Öž×, ×Ö·××Ö· ××× SFTP / SCP, ׊××עש××¢×× ××× ×š××Ö¿ ×××עך ×©×¢× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž××֞ק×Öž× ×××€ÖŒ××Ö·××Ö·× ×¥.
FTPS
FTPS (FTP + SSL) ××× ×Ö· ×€×ַך××¢× ×עך×× × ×€×× ×× × ×֞ך××Ö·× ×עקע ×ַך××עך׀××š× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž××֞ק×Öž× ×××֞ס ××ס××£ ×Š× ×××× ×קעך××ק ×€×Ö·× ×קש×Ö·× ×Ö·×××× ×× ×©×Ö·×€×× × ×€×× ×× ×§×š××€ÖŒ××× ×¡×¢×©×Ö·× × × ××Š× ×× SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) ׀֌ך×Öž××֞ק×Öž×. ×××Ö·× ×, ש××¥ ××× ×Š××עש××¢×× ×××š× ×××× ×עך ×Ö·×××Ö·× ×¡×ך××¢ ×Ö·× ×Ö·××Öž× TLS (Transport Layer Security).
סס×
×× SSL ׀֌ך×Öž××֞ק×Öž× ××× ××¢×××¢× ×€×ך××¢××××× ×××š× Netscape Communications ××× 1996 ×Š× ×¢× ×©×ך ×× ×××עך×××× ××× ×€ÖŒ×š××××Ö·×ק××× ×€×× ××× ××¢×š× ×¢× ×§×Ö·× ×¢×§×©×Ö·× ×. ×עך ׀֌ך×Öž××֞ק×Öž× ×©×××Š× ×§×××¢× × ××× ×¡×¢×š××עך ×Öž××¢× ××ַק××ש×Ö·×, ××× ×Ö·×€ÖŒ××ַק××ש×Ö·× ×€×š××Ö· ××× ××× ×ך×Ö·× ×¡×€ÖŒ×¢×š×Ö·× × ×Š× ××××€ÖŒ, ×€××€ÖŒ ××× ××¢×× ×¢× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž××֞ק×Öž×ס.
×× SSL Handshake ׀֌ך×Öž××֞ק×Öž× ××ש×××× ×€×× ×Š×××× ×¡××Ö·×עס: סעך××עך ×Öž××¢× ××ַק××ש×Ö·× ××× ×ַ׀֌ש×Ö·× ×Ö·× ×§×××¢× × ×Öž××¢× ××ַק××ש×Ö·×. ××× ×עך עךש×עך ××× ×¢, ×עך סעך××עך ך×ס׀֌×Ö·× ×× ×Š× ×× ××§×©× ×€×× ××¢× ×§×××¢× × ×××š× ×©××§× ×××× ××Ö·××××Ö·×× ××× ×¢× ×§×š×׀֌ש×Ö·× ×€ÖŒ×ַך×Ö·××¢×עךס. ×עך ק×××¢× × ××¢×š× ×Öž× ×××©×¢× ×¢×š×××¥ ×Ö· ××¢× ×©××ס×, ×¢× ×§×š×׀֌ץ עס ××× ×× ×¡×¢×š××עך ס ׊×××ך ש××ס×, ××× ×¡×¢× ×× ×¢×¡ ×Š× ×× ×¡×¢×š××עך. ×עך סעך××עך ×עקך××€ÖŒ× ×× ××¢× ×©×××¡× ××× ×××× ×€ÖŒ×š××××Ö·× ×©×××¡× ××× ×Öž××¢× ××ַק×××¥ ××× ×Š× ××¢× ×§×××¢× × ×××š× ×Š×ך×קק×××¢× ×Ö· ×Öž× ××Öž× ×Öž××¢× ××ַק××××Ö·× ×××š× ×× ×§×××¢× × 'ס ××¢× ×©××ס×.
ס×Ö·×ס×ַק×××Ö·× × ××Ö·×× ××¢× ×¢× ×× ×§×š××€ÖŒ××× ××× ×Öž××¢× ××ַק××××Ö·× ××× ×©××ס××¢× ×עך××××× ×€×× ××¢× ××¢× ×©××ס×. ××× ×× ×Š××××××¢ שך××, ×××֞ס ××× ×ַ׀֌ש×Ö·× ×Ö·×, ×עך סעך××עך ×¡×¢× ×× ×Ö· ××§×©× ×Š× ××¢× ×§×××¢× ×, ××× ×עך ק×××¢× × ×Öž××¢× ××ַק×××¥ ××× ×Š× ×× ×¡×¢×š××עך ×××š× ×Š×ך×קק×××¢× ×× ××¢×× ××× ×××× ×××××¢× ×¢ ××××××Ö·× ×ס×××¢ ××× ×Ö· ׊×××ך ש×××¡× ××Ö·××××Ö·××.
SSL ש×××Š× ×€×ַךש××× ×§×š××€ÖŒ××Öž×ך×Ö·×€×ק ×Ö·××עך×××Ö·××. ×עש×ַס ×× ×€×ַך××××× ×€×× ×§×Öž××× ×ק×ַ׊××¢, ×× RSA ׊×××ך ש×××¡× ×§×š××€ÖŒ××֞ס×ס××¢× ××× ××¢× ×׊×. × ×Öž× ×× ×©×××¡× ××עקס×, ×€×××¢ ×€×ַךש×××¢× ×¢ ס×׀עךס ××¢× ×¢× ××¢× ×׊×: RC2, RC4, IDEA, DES ××× TripleDES. MD5 ××× ×××× ××¢× ××Š× - ×Ö·× ×Ö·××עך×××Ö·× ×€Ö¿×ַך קך×××××× × ×Ö· ×Öž× ××Öž× ×§×׊עך. ×× ×¡×× ××ַקס ×€Ö¿×ַך ׊×××ך ש×××¡× ×¡×¢×š×××€×ק×Ö·×¥ ××× ××סקך×××× ××× X.509.
×××× ×¢×š ×€×× ×× ××××××ק ×Ö·××××Ö·× ××××ש×× ×€×× SSL ××× ×××Ö·× ××Ö·× ×¥ ××××××××ך×-×€ÖŒ××Ö·××€×֞ך××¢ ××¢××ס×ש××¢× ××ק××Ö·×. ×עך ׀֌ך×Öž××֞ק×Öž× ××× ××¢×××¢××Öž×€ÖŒ×¢× ××××£ ×× ×€ÖŒ×š×× ×¡×Ö·×€ÖŒ×Ö·×× ×€×× ×€ÖŒ×֞ך××Ö·××××××, ××× ×× ×××¢×Öž××Öž×××¢ ×€×× ââ×××Ö·× ×§×Ö·× ×¡×ך×ַקש×Ö·× ××× × ××©× ×Öž×€×¢× ××¢× ××××£ ×× ×Ö·×€ÖŒ××ַק××ש×Ö·× × ××× ×××֞ס עס ××× ××¢× ×׊×. ××× ×עך׊×, עס ××× ×××× ××××××ק ×Ö·× ×× ×עךע ׀֌ך×Öž××֞ק×Öž×ס ×§×¢× ×¢× ×××× ×ך×Ö·× ×¡×€ÖŒ×¢×š×Ö·× ××× ×Öž×××עך×××× ××××£ ש׀֌××¥ ×€×× ×× ×¡×¡× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž××֞ק×Öž×; ×Öž×עך ×Š× ×€×ַך××š×¢×¡×¢×š× ×× ×©××¥ ×ך×Ö·× ×€×× ×Š×× ××× ×€Ö¿×֞ך××ַ׊××¢ ×€××Öž××, ×Öž×עך ×Š× ×Ö·××Ö·×€ÖŒ× ×× ×§×š××€ÖŒ××Öž×ך×Ö·×€×ק ק×××€ÖŒ×Ö·××××Ö·××× ×€×× ×¡×¡× ×€Ö¿×ַך ×¢×××¢××¢ ×× ×עךע, ××¢××× ×-×××€××× × ×ַך××¢×.
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×עך ×××עך ק×Ö·× ×Ö·× ×Š××עש××¢×× ×××š× SSL ××× ×ך×× ××××€ÖŒ× ×€ÖŒ×š×֞׀֌עך××עס:
- ×עך ק×Ö·× ×Ö·× ××× ×€ÖŒ×š××××Ö·×. ×¢× ×§×š×׀֌ש×Ö·× ××× ××¢× ××Š× ×€Ö¿×ַך ×Ö·××¢ ×ַך××ק××¢× × ×Öž× ×Ö· ׀֌ש×× ×××Ö·××Öž× ×××֞ס סעך××עס ×Š× ××ַש××××¢× ××¢× ×¡×× ×©××ס×.
- ×עך ק×Ö·× ×Ö·× ××× ×Öž××¢× ××ַק××××Ö·×. ×עך סעך××עך ×××Ö·× ×€×× ×× ×©××עס ××× ×©××¢× ××ק ×Öž××¢× ××ַק××××Ö·×, ×שעת ×עך ק×××¢× × ×××Ö·× ××× ×Öž×€ÖŒ×××Öž× ×Ö·××× ×Öž××¢× ××ַק××××Ö·×.
- ×עך ק×Ö·× ×Ö·× ××× ×€×ַך××Öž×××¢×. ×Öž× ××Öž× ×ַך××עך׀××š× ×××× ×Öž×š× ×××¢×ק××Ö·× ×§×Öž× ×ך×Öž××ך×× × (× ××Š× ×× MAC).
×€Ö¿×¢×֎ק×××× ×€×× FTPS
עס ××¢× ×¢× ×Š×××× ×××€ÖŒ××Ö·××Ö·× ×¥ ×€×× FTPS, × ××Š× ×€×ַךש×××¢× ×¢ ××¢×××Öž×ס ×€×× ×€ÖŒ×š×Ö·××××××× × ×××עך××××:
- ×עך ×××€ÖŒ××ס×Ö·× ×××€Ö¿× ×× ×××Ö·×××× × ××Š× ×× × ×֞ך××Ö·× ×¡×¡× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž××֞ק×Öž× ×Š× ×€×ַך××××× ×Ö· סעס××¢ ××××עך ש××§× ××Ö·××, ×××֞ס, ××× ×§×¢×š, ×ך××קס ק×Ö·××€ÖŒ×Ö·××Ö·××××Ö·×× ××× ×š×¢×××עך ×€××€ÖŒ ק××××Ö·× ×¥ ××× ×¡×¢×š××עךס. ×€Ö¿×ַך ׊×ך×ק ק×Ö·××€ÖŒ×Ö·××Ö·××××Ö·×× ××× ×§××××Ö·× ×¥ ×××֞ס ××Öž× × ×× ×©×××Š× FTPS, TCP ×€ÖŒ×Öž×š× 990 ××× ××¢× ××Š× ×€Ö¿×ַך ×× ×§×Öž× ×ך×Öž× ×§×©×š ××× 989 ××× ××¢× ××Š× ×€Ö¿×ַך ××Ö·×× ×ַך××עך׀×ך×. ××¢× ×××€Ö¿× ××× ××¢××××× ×€×ַךע××עך×.
- ×קס׀֌××ס×Ö·× ××× ×€×× ×עך ××ַק×××¢×, ××××Ö·× ×¢×¡ × ××Š× × ×֞ך××Ö·× ×€××€ÖŒ ק×Ö·××Ö·× ××, ×Öž×עך ×¢× ×§×š××€ÖŒ× ×× ××Ö·×× ×××¢× ×š×ס׀֌×Ö·× ××× ×, ×××֞ס ×Ö·××Ö·×× ××ך ×Š× × ××Š× ×× ××¢×××¢ ק×Öž× ×ך×Öž× ×§×©×š ×€Ö¿×ַך ×××××¢ ×€××€ÖŒ ××× ×€×׀֌ס. ×עך ק×××¢× × ×××× ××€×ך×ש ××¢×× ×××עך ××Ö·×× ×ַך××עך׀××š× ×€×× ×× ×¡×¢×š××עך, ××× ××¢××Öž×× ×ַ׀֌ך××× ×× ×¢× ×§×š×׀֌ש×Ö·× ×××€Ö¿×. ×××× ×עך ק×××¢× × ××× × ××©× ××¢×× ×Ö· ×××עך ×ַך××עך׀×ך×, ×× FTPS סעך××עך ××× ×× ×š×¢×× ×Š× ××Ö·××× ×Öž×עך ×€×ַך××Ö·×× ×× ×Ö·× ×¡×ק×××š× ×§×©×š. ×Ö·× ×Öž××¢× ××ַק××ש×Ö·× ××× ××Ö·×× ×××עך×××× ×€×ַך××Ö·× ×××× × ×עק×Ö·× ×××Ö·× ××× ×Š×××¢××¢×× ××× ×עך RFC 2228 ×××֞ס ×××× ×× × ××Ö·×¢ FTP AUTH ××Ö·×€Ö¿×¢×. ××Öž×ש ×עך × ×֞ך××Ö·× ××¢×€×× ××š× × ××©× ××€×ך×ש ×××עך×××× ×עק×Ö·× ×××Ö·××, עס ס׀֌ע׊××€×׊××š× ×Ö·× ×Ö· ×××עך קשך ×××× ×××× ×× ×ש×××××× ×××š× ×עך ק×××¢× × × ××Š× ×× ×Ö·××עך×××Ö·× ××סקך×××× ×××××. ×××× ×××עך ק×Ö·× ×¢×§×©×Ö·× × ××¢× ×¢× × ××©× ×עש×××Š× ×××š× ×× ×¡×¢×š××עך, ×Ö· ××¢×ת ק×Öž× ×€×× 504 ××Öž× ×××× ×××××¢×§×¢×š× FTPS ק××××Ö·× ×¥ ×§×¢× ×¢× ××ַק×××¢× ××× ×€Ö¿×֞ך××ַ׊××¢ ×××¢×× ×× ×××עך×××× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž××֞ק×Öž×ס ×עש×××Š× ×××š× ×× ×¡×¢×š××עך × ××Š× ×× FEAT ××Ö·×€Ö¿×¢×, ×Öž×עך, ×עך סעך××עך ××× × ××©× ×€×ך××× ×× ×Š× ××ס××Öž×× ×××֞ס ×××עך×××× ××¢×××¢×ס עס. ש××׊×. ×× ××¢×š×¡× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž×¡× FTPS ק×Ö·××Ö·× ×× ××¢× ×¢× AUTH TLS ××× AUTH SSL, ×××֞ס ׊×ש××¢×× TLS ××× SSL ×××עך×××× ×š×ס׀֌עק××××××.
ס׀××€ÖŒ
SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol) ××× ×Ö·× ×Ö·×€ÖŒ××ַק××ש×Ö·× ×©××××¢ ×עקע ×ַך××עך׀××š× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž××֞ק×Öž× ×××֞ס ××××€× ××××£ ש׀֌××¥ ×€×× ×Ö· ×××עך ק×Ö·× ×Ö·×. × ×× ×Š× ×××× ×Š×¢×××©× ××× (Simple File Transfer Protocol), ×××֞ס ××× ×× ××¢×××¢ ×Ö·×ך××××××ש×Ö·×. ×××× FTPS ××× ×€×©×× ×Ö· ×€×ַך××¢× ×עך×× × ×€×× ×€××€ÖŒ, SFTP ××× ×Ö· ××Ö·××× ×עך ××× ×Ö·× ×š××××××× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž××֞ק×Öž× ×××֞ס × ××Š× SSH (Secure Shell) ××× ×××× ×קעך.
×××עך שע×
×עך ׀֌ך×Öž××֞ק×Öž× ××× ××¢×××¢××Öž×€ÖŒ×¢× ×××š× ×××× ×¢×š ×€×× ×× IETF ×ך×׀֌עס ×עך××€× Secsh. ×× ×ַך××¢× ××ַק××××¢× ×××ש×Ö·× ×€Ö¿×ַך ×× × ××Ö·×¢ SFTP ׀֌ך×Öž××֞ק×Öž× ××× × ××©× ××¢××××š× ×Ö· ××Ö·×Ö·××עך ס××Ö·× ××ַך×, ×Öž×עך ×× ××¢××××× ×Š× ×××× ×ַק×××××× ××¢× ××Š× ×€Ö¿×ַך ×Ö·×€ÖŒ××ַק××ש×Ö·× ×Ö·× ××××ק××× ×. ××¢×š× ×Öž×, ×עקס ××עךס×עס ×€×× ××¢× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž××֞ק×Öž× ××¢× ×¢× ××׀ך×××. ×Öž×עך, ×× ×ך×Ö·××ש××Ö·× ×€×ַך××š×¢×¡×¢×š× ××× ×€×Ö·× ×קש×Ö·× ×Ö·×××× ××× ×¢×¡ ××¢×€Ö¿××š× ×Š× ×× ×€×Ö·×§× ×Ö·× ××××£ 14 ××××××¡× 2006, עס ××× ××ַש××Öž×¡× ×Š× ××Ö·××× ×ך××¢×× ××××£ ×עך ×Ö·× ××××ק××× × ×€×× ××¢× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž××֞ק×Öž× ×š×¢×× ×Š× ×עך ק×Ö·××€ÖŒ××ש×Ö·× ×€×× ×× ××××€ÖŒ× ×ַך××¢× ×€×× ×× ×€ÖŒ×š×××¢×§× (×× ×Ö·× ××××ק××× × ×€×× SSH) ××× ×× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž××֞ק×Öž×. ×€×¢×× ×€×× ××¢× ×× ×¢×§×¡×€ÖŒ×¢×š× ××ך×× ×Š× ××Ö·× ××××£ ×Š× ×עך ×Ö·× ××××ק××× × ×€×× ×Ö· ×€××-×€××¢×××©× ××××Ö·× ×עקע ס×ס××¢× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž××֞ק×Öž×.
SSH ××× ×Ö· × ×¢×¥ ׀֌ך×Öž××֞ק×Öž× ×××֞ס ×Ö·××Ö·×× ××××Ö·× ×§×Öž× ×ך×Öž× ×€×× ×× ×֞׀֌עך××××× × ×¡×ס××¢× ××× ××Ö·× ×Ö·××× × ×€×× TCP ק×Ö·× ×¢×§×©×Ö·× × (×××©× ×€Ö¿×ַך ×עקע ×ַך××עך׀×ך×). ×¢× ××¢× ××× ×€×Ö·× ×קש×Ö·× ×Ö·×××× ×Š× ×× ××¢×× ×¢× ××× ×š××Öž××× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž××֞ק×Öž×ס, ×Öž×עך, × ×× ×¢× ××¢× ×××, עס ×× ×§×š××€ÖŒ× ×Ö·××¢ ×€×ַךקעך, ×ַך××Ö·× ×עךע×× × ×ך×Ö·× ×¡×××××¢× ×€ÖŒ×ַס××עך××. SSH ×Ö·××Ö·×× ×Ö· ×ך××š× ×€×× ×€×ַךש×××¢× ×¢ ×¢× ×§×š×׀֌ש×Ö·× ×Ö·××עך×××Ö·××. SSH ק××××Ö·× ×¥ ××× SSH סעך××עךס ××¢× ×¢× ××ךע××××× ×€Ö¿×ַך ך××Ö¿ × ×¢×¥ ×֞׀֌עך××××× × ×¡×ס××¢××¢×.
SSH ×Ö·××Ö·×× ××ך ×Š× ×¡×ק××ך×× ×ַך××עך׀××š× ×ÖŒ××¢× ×§××× ×× ×עךע × ×¢×¥ ׀֌ך×Öž××֞ק×Öž× ××× ×Ö· ×Ö·× ×¡×ק×××š× ×¡××××××¢. ××××, ××ך ×§×¢× ×¢× × ××©× ××××× ×ַך××¢×× ×š×××Öž×××× ××××£ ×××× ×§×Öž××€ÖŒ×××עך ×××š× ×× ××Ö·×€Ö¿×¢× ×©×Öž×, ×Öž×עך ×××× ××עךש××§× ×Ö·× ×Ö·××××Öž ×××Ö·× ×Öž×עך ×××××¢× (×××©× ×€Ö¿×× ×Ö· ×××¢×ק×Ö·×) ×××עך ×Ö· ×× ×§×š××€ÖŒ××× ×§×Ö·× ×Ö·×. SSH ×§×¢× ×¢× ×××× × ××Š× ×§×Ö·×׀֌ךעש×Ö·× ×€×× ×ך×Ö·× ×¡×××××¢× ××Ö·×× ×€Ö¿×ַך ס×Ö·×ס×ַק×××Ö·× × ×¢× ×§×š×׀֌ש×Ö·×, ×××֞ס ××× ××ַק×××¢×, ××ש×, ×€Ö¿×ַך ך×××Öž×××× ×§×Ö·×עך X WindowSystem ק××××Ö·× ×¥.
×עך עךש×עך ××עךס××¢ ×€×× ââ××¢× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž××֞ק×Öž×, SSH-1, ××× ××¢×××¢××Öž×€ÖŒ×¢× ××× 1995 ×××š× ×€×֞ךשעך Tatu Ulönen ×€×× ×× ××¢×ס×× ×§× ××× ×××עךס×××¢× ×€×× ××¢×× ×Öž××Öž×××¢ (×€×× ××Ö·× ×). SSH-1 ××× ××¢×××¢× ×עשך××× ×Š× ×Š×ש××¢×× ×Ö· ×ךעסעךע ׀֌ך××××Ö·×ק××× ××× ×× rlogin, telnet ××× rsh ׀֌ך×Öž××֞ק×Öž×ס. ××× 1996, ×Ö· ×עך ×××עך ××עךס××¢ ×€×× ââ××¢× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž××֞ק×Öž×, SSH-2, ××× ××¢×××¢××֞׀֌ע×, ×××֞ס ××× ×× ×§×Ö·××€ÖŒ×Ö·××Ö·××Ö·× ××× SSH-1. ×עך ׀֌ך×Öž××֞ק×Öž× ××Ö·×× ×¢× ××€××× ×עך ×€ÖŒ×Öž×€ÖŒ×××ַך×××¢×, ××× ××× 2000 עס ××× ××¢×¢×š×¢× ×Š×××× ×××××Öž× ×××עך×. ×עך××××Ö·×, ×עך ×עך××× "SSH" ×××ש×Ö·×××Ö·×× ×××× SSH-2, ××××Ö·× ×עך עךש×עך ××עךס××¢ ×€×× ââ××¢× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž××֞ק×Öž× ××× ×××Š× ×€ÖŒ×š×ַק××ַק×× × ××©× ××¢× ××Š× ××××Ö·× ×€×× ××Ö·×××Ö·××ק ××ס×֞ך×. ××× 2006, ×עך ׀֌ך×Öž××֞ק×Öž× ××× ××××××××§× ×××š× ×× IETF ×ַך××¢× ×ך×׀֌ע ××× ×Ö·× ××× ××¢×š× ×¢× × ×֞ך××Ö·×.
עס ××¢× ×¢× ×Š×××× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž×¡× ×××€ÖŒ××Ö·××Ö·× ×¥ ×€×× SSH: ׀֌ך××××Ö·× ××¢×©×¢×€× ××× ×€×š×× ×Öž×€Ö¿× ×ק×ך. ×× ×€×š×× ×××€ÖŒ××Ö·××¢× ×××ש×Ö·× ××× ×עך××€Ö¿× OpenSSH. ××× 2006, 80% ×€×× ×§×Öž××€ÖŒ×××עךס ××××£ ×× ××× ××¢×š× ×¢× ××¢××××× × OpenSSH. ×× ×€ÖŒ×š×ַ׀֌ך×××Ö·××¢×š× ×××€ÖŒ××Ö·××¢× ×××ש×Ö·× ××× ××¢×××¢××Öž×€ÖŒ×¢× ×××š× SSH Communications Security, ×Ö· ××֞ך ×Öž×× × ×¡×Ö·×ס××××¢×š× ×€×× Tectia Corporation, ××× ××× ×€×š×× ×€Ö¿×ַך × ××-××¢×©×¢×€× × ×׊×. ×× ×××€ÖŒ××Ö·××Ö·× ×¥ ×Ö·× ×××Ö·××× ×ÖŒ××¢× ×× ××¢×××¢ ××Ö·× × ×€×× ×§×Ö·××Ö·× ××.
×עך SSH-2 ׀֌ך×Öž××֞ק×Öž×, × ×× ×¢× ××¢× ×× ××¢×× ×¢× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž××֞ק×Öž×, ××× ×§×¢×× ×©××¢××ק ×Š× ×€×ַךקעך ×××××ך×Ö·×€ÖŒ×× × ×× ×€××× ("×¡× ××€×× ×"), ×Öž×עך ××× × ××©× ×§×¢×× ×©××¢××ק ×Š× ××¢× ×ש-×××-××¢×-×××× ×× ×€×××. ×× SSH-2 ׀֌ך×Öž××֞ק×Öž× ××× ×××× ×§×¢×× ×©××¢××ק ×Š× ×¡×¢×¡××¢ ×××××ש×ַק×× × ×× ×€×××, ××××Ö·× ×¢×¡ ××× ×××××¢×××¢× ×Š× ×€×ַך××× ×× ×Öž×עך ×××××ש×ַק ×Ö· ש××× ××¢×ך×× ××¢× ×¡×¢×¡××¢.
×Š× ×€×ַך×××Ö·×× ××¢× ×ש-×××-××¢×-×××× ×× ×€××× ×××¢× ×§×Ö·× ×¢×§××× × ×Š× ×Ö· ××Ö·××¢××֞ס ×××¢××¢× ×¡ ש×××¡× ××× × ×Öž× × ××©× ××ק×× × ×Š× ××¢× ×§×××¢× ×, ×× ×§×××¢× × ×××××××××š× ××××Ö·×× ××¢× ××Ö·× ×׊עך ×Ö· "ש×××¡× ×€×× ×עך׀֌ך×× ×". עס ××× ×š×¢×§×Ö·××¢× ××× ×Š× ×§×¢×š×€×Ö·×× ×§×Öž× ×ך×Öž×××š× ×× "ש×××¡× ××Öž××¢× ×××××" ××¢××××× ×××š× ×× ×§×××¢× × ×××××××××š× ××× ×× ×¡×¢×š××עך ש×××¡× ××Öž××¢× ×××××, ׀֌ךע׀עך×Ö·××× ××ק×××¢× ×××š× ×€×ַך××Öž×××¢× ×§×Öž××× ×ק×ַ׊××¢ ×ש×Ö·× ×Ö·×× ×Öž×עך ××× ××¢× ×ש.
SSH ש×××Š× ××× ×× ×××Š× ××××£ ×Ö·××¢ UNIX-××× ×¡×ס××¢××¢×, ××× ×š××Ö¿ ××Öž×× ×Ö· ssh ק×××¢× × ××× ×¡×¢×š××עך ××× × ×֞ך××Ö·× ××××××Ö·×××. עס ××¢× ×¢× ×€×××¢ ×××€ÖŒ××Ö·××Ö·× ×¥ ×€×× SSH ק××××Ö·× ×¥ ×€Ö¿×ַך × ××-UNIX ×֞סעס. ×עך ׀֌ך×Öž××֞ק×Öž× ××Ö·×× ×¢× ×ך××ס ×€ÖŒ×Öž×€ÖŒ×××ַך×××¢× × ×Öž× ×× ××××××¡×€ÖŒ×š×¢× ×Ö·× ××××ק××× × ×€×× ×€×ַךקעך ×Ö·× ×Ö·××××¢×š× ××× ××¢×××Öž×ס ×€Ö¿×ַך ××סך×Ö·×€ÖŒ××× × ×× ×֞׀֌עך×ַ׊××¢ ×€×× ââ××××¢ × ×¢××××֞ךקס, ××× ×Ö·× ×Öž×××¢×š× ×Ö·×××× ×××××× × ×Š× ×× ×× ×¡×ַק×עך ××¢×× ×¢× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž××֞ק×Öž× ×€Ö¿×ַך ×Öž× ×€×ך×× × ××××××ק × ×Öž×××.
ק×Öž××× ×ק×ַ׊××¢ ××× SSH
×Š× ×ַך××¢×× ×××š× SSH, ××ך ××Ö·×š×€Ö¿× ×Ö· SSH סעך××עך ××× ×Ö· SSH ק×××¢× ×. ×עך סעך××עך ××ס×Ö·× × ×€Ö¿×ַך ק×Ö·× ×¢×§×©×Ö·× × ×€×× ×§×××¢× × ××ש×× ×¢× ×××, ×××¢× ×Ö· קשך ××× ××¢×ך×× ××¢×, ׀֌עך׀×֞ך×× ×Öž××¢× ××ַק××ש×Ö·×, × ×Öž× ×××֞ס עס ××××× ×Š× ××× ×¢× ××¢× ×§×××¢× ×. ×עך ק×××¢× × ××× ××¢× ××Š× ×Š× ×§××Öž×¥ ××× ×Ö· ××××Ö·× ××ַש×× ××× ××ס׀××š× ×§×Ö·××Ö·× ××.
×€×ַך××××Ö·× ××× FTPS
×× ××××€ÖŒ× ××Ö·× ×××֞ס ××ס××× ×××××ש×× SFTP ×€×× × ×֞ך××Ö·× ×€××€ÖŒ ××× ×€×׀֌ס ××× ×Ö·× SFTP ×¢× ×§×š×׀֌ץ ××¢××Ö·×ךע ×Ö·××¢ ק×Ö·××Ö·× ××, ××¡×¢×š× ×Ö·×עס, ×€ÖŒ×ַס××עך×× ××× ×× ×עךע ק×Ö·× ×€×Ö·××¢× ×©×Ö·× ××× ×€Ö¿×֞ך××ַ׊××¢.
×××××¢ FTPS ××× SFTP ׀֌ך×Öž××֞ק×Öž×ס × ××Š× ×Ö· ק×Öž×××× ×ַ׊××¢ ×€×× ââ×ַס××××¢×ך×ק ×Ö·××עך×××Ö·×× (RSA, DSA), ס××××¢×ך×ק ×Ö·××עך×××Ö·×× (DES/3DES, AES, Twhofish, ×××"× ×), ××× ××¢××× × ××× ×Ö· ש×××¡× ×××¢×§×¡× ×Ö·××עך×××Ö·×. ×€Ö¿×ַך ×Öž××¢× ××ַק××ש×Ö·×, FTPS (×Öž×עך ×Š× ×××× ×עך ××¢× ××, SSL/TLS ×××עך ×€××€ÖŒ) × ××Š× X.509 סעך×××€×ק×Ö·×¥, ×שעת SFTP (SSH ׀֌ך×Öž××֞ק×Öž×) × ××Š× SSH ש××ס××¢×.
X.509 סעך×××€×ק×Ö·×¥ ×ַך××Ö·× × ×¢××¢× ×Ö· ׊×××ך ש×××¡× ××× ×¢×××¢××¢ ××× ×€Ö¿×֞ך××ַ׊××¢ ×××¢×× ×× ××Ö·××׊עך ס ××Ö·××××Ö·××. ×× ××× ×€Ö¿×֞ך××ַ׊××¢ ×Ö·××Ö·××, ××××£ ×× ×× ×עךע ××Ö·× ×, ×Š× ××ַש××¢×××§× ×× ×Öž×š× ×××¢×ק××Ö·× ×€×× ×× ××Ö·××××Ö·×× ×××, ×× ×Öž××Ö·× ××ס××× ××× ×× ××Ö·××׊עך ×€×× ×× ××Ö·××××Ö·××. X.509 סעך×××€×ק×Ö·×¥ ××Öž×× ×Ö· ק×֞ך×ַס׀֌×Ö·× ××× × ×€ÖŒ×š××××Ö·× ×©××ס×, ×××֞ס ××× ×××ש×Ö·×××Ö·×× ×¡××Öž×š× ×¡×¢×€ÖŒ×¢×š×Ö·××× ×€×× ×× ××Ö·××××Ö·×× ×€Ö¿×ַך ×××עך×××× ×¡×××ת.
×עך SSH ש×××¡× ×ÖŒ××× ××××× ×× ×Š×××ך ש×××¡× (×× ×§×֞ך×ַס׀֌×Ö·× ××× × ×€ÖŒ×š××××Ö·× ×©×××¡× ××× ×¡××Öž×š× ×¡×¢×€ÖŒ×¢×š×Ö·×××). עס ×ÖŒ××× ×§××× ××× ×€Ö¿×֞ך××ַ׊××¢ ×××¢×× ×× ××Ö·××׊עך ×€×× ×× ×©××ס×. ×¢×××¢××¢ SSH ×××€ÖŒ××Ö·××Ö·× ×¥ × ××Š× X.509 סעך×××€×ק×Ö·×¥ ×€Ö¿×ַך ×Öž××¢× ××ַק××ש×Ö·×, ×Öž×עך ××× ××Öž× × ×× ×ַק×ש×Ö·×××Ö·×× ××ַש××¢×××§× ×× ××× ×Š×¢ ××Ö·××××Ö·×× ×§××× - ××××× ×עך ׊×××ך ש×××¡× ××× ××¢× ××Š× (×××֞ס ×××× ×Ö·××Ö· ×Öž××¢× ××ַק××ש×Ö·× ××¢×š×¢× ××ק×).
ס×Öž×£
×× ×€××€ÖŒ ׀֌ך×Öž××֞ק×Öž× ××× × ×Öž× ×€×עסעס ×Ö· ××××××ק ך×Öž××¢ ××× ×× ×¡××֞ך×××ש ××× ×€×ַךש׀֌ך××××× × ×€×× ××× ×€Ö¿×֞ך××ַ׊××¢ ××××£ ×× × ×¢×¥ ×ך×Öž×¥ ×××× ×¢×š×¢××××ק ×¢××עך. עס ××× ×Ö· ××ַק×××¢×, ××××××€×× ×§×××Öž× ×Ö·× ××× ×¡××Ö·× ×עך××××× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž××֞ק×Öž×. ×€×××¢ ×עקע ×ַךק××××× ××¢× ×¢× ××¢×××× ××××£ ×××Ö·× ×קעך, ×Öž× ×××֞ס ××¢×× ×ש ×ַך××¢× ×××Öž×× × ××©× ×××× ×Ö·××× ×¢×€×¢×§××××. ××× ×Ö·××ש×Ö·×, עס ××× ×ך×× × ×Š× ×©××¢×× ×ַך×××£, ××× ×¡×¢×š××עך ××× ×§×××¢× × ××××× ×¢×§×¡×ס×××š× ×€Ö¿×ַך ×ÖŒ××¢× ×Ö·××¢ קך×Ö·× × ××× × ×× ×Ö·××× ×§×š×Ö·× × ×€ÖŒ××Ö·××€×֞ך×ס.
××× ×§×¢×š, ×××Ö·× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž×עק××¢× ××עךס×עס ס×Öž××××¢ ×× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž×××¢× ×€×× ×§×Ö·× ×€×Ö·××¢× ×©××Ö·××Ö·×× ×€×× ×¡××Öž×š× ××× ×ך×Ö·× ×¡×××××¢× ××Ö·×× ××× ×× ××Öž××¢×š× ×××¢××. ×××××¢ × ××Ö·×¢ ׀֌ך×Öž××֞ק×Öž×ס ××Öž×× ×××עך ׀֌ך×֞ס ××× ×§×Öž× ×¡ ××× ××× ×¢× ×Ö· ×××¡× ×Ö·× ×עךש ך×Öž×עס. ××× ×× ××¢×××× ××× ×Ö· ×עקע ×ַךק×××× ××× ××ךף, עס ××× ××××עך ×Š× × ××Š× FTPS, ס׀֌ע׊××¢× ×××× ×§××ַס×ש ×€××€ÖŒ ××× ×©××× ××¢××××× × ××Öž×š× ×€×š×עך. SFTP ××× ××××× ×קעך ׀֌ך×Öž×¡× ×š×¢×× ×Š× ×××× ×× ×§×Ö·××€ÖŒ×Ö·××Ö·××××Ö·×× ××× ×× ×Ö·×× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž××֞ק×Öž×, ×Öž×עך עס ××× ×עך ×××עך ××× ××× ×עך ×€×Ö·× ×קש×Ö·× ×Ö·××××, ××××Ö·× ×¢×¡ ××× ×××× ×€×× ×× ××××Ö·× ×€×ַך×××Ö·×××× × ×¡×ס××¢×.
ךש××× ×€×× ×ק×ך××
×Ö·×ס×ך×Ö·×§× "FTP ׀֌ך×Öž××֞ק×Öž×. ×Ö·×××¢×××× ×¢ ××× ×€Ö¿×֞ך××ַ׊××¢ ××× ×€Ö¿×¢×֎ק××××" ×Ö·×ס×ך×Ö·×§× "SSH, CMIP, Telnet ׀֌ך×Öž××֞ק×Öž×ס" ××ך××× "SSL/TLS"
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