ืึทืืคึผืืื ืืื ืืงืก ืืื ืึธืคื ืจืขืงืึทืืขื ืืื ืืื ืึท ืืึทืืข ืืืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืึธืงืขืจ. ืืืจ ืืึธื ืืขืืึธืื ืึทื ื ืืฆื ืึทืืคึผืืื ืืืขื ืืึทืื ืืืื ืืืืขื ืงืืขื ืขืจืขืจ ืืื ืืืื ืืืืขื ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืคืึทืกืืขืจ.
ืึธืืขืจ ืืืื ืืืจ ื ืืฆื ืึทืืคึผืืื ืืื ืืงืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึผืืืืึธื ืึทืคึผืืึทืงืืืฉืึทื ื, ืืึธืก:
- ืืืื ืืืื ืืืืขื ืคืื ืกืืึธืืขืจ
- ืืืื ืืืื ืืืืืขืจ ืืืืขืจ
- ืืืืืกืืื ื ืืืื ืฆืืื
- ืืื ืืื ืื ืกืืฃ ืขืก ืงืขื ืคืึทืจืฉืึทืคื ืขืจืจืึธืจืก ืืื ืจืื ืืืืข
ืืื ืก ืงืืง ืืื ืืืึธืก ืึทืืคึผืืื ืืื ืจืขืงืึทืืขื ืืื, ืึธืืขืจ ืืืึธืก ืืืจ ื ืึธื ืืึธื ื ืืฉื ื ืืฆื ืขืก ืืื ืคึผืืืืึธื.
ืคืืจืืืืก ืืึธื ืืขื ืืฉื ืจืขืงืึธืืขื ืืืจื ืึทืืคึผืืื?
ืืึธืืืจ ืืืขืจื ืขืืขื ืึทื ืืืจ ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืืงืง ืืื ืึท ืืืื ืคืื ืืื ืืืขืจ ืืืื ืืื ืืืจ ืืืืื ืฆื ืคืึทืจืืืืึทืื ืึทืืคึผืืื ืืื ืืงืก ืืืก ืืืื ืื 18.04 ืืื ืืขืจืืื ืขื ืคืื ืืืืขื ืืืืงืืึทื ืืื ืืขืฆื ืืืื ืืจืืืก.
ืขืจืฉืืขืจ, ืืึธืืืจ ืืจืืคืงืืคืืข ืฆืืืื ืืืืืขืจ ืืื ืคืึทืจืืืืึทืื ืืืืขืจ ืกืืืขืก:
$ docker pull --quiet ubuntu:18.04
docker.io/library/ubuntu:18.04
$ docker pull --quiet alpine
docker.io/library/alpine:latest
$ docker image ls ubuntu:18.04
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID SIZE
ubuntu 18.04 ccc6e87d482b 64.2MB
$ docker image ls alpine
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID SIZE
alpine latest e7d92cdc71fe 5.59MB
ืืื ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืืขื, ืื ืืึทืืข ืืืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืืคึผืืื ืืื ืคืื ืงืืขื ืขืจืขืจ. ืืึธืืืจ ืืืฆื ืคึผืจืืืืจื ืฆื ืื ืกืืึทืืืจื gcc ืืื ืึธื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืื:
FROM ubuntu:18.04
RUN apt-get update &&
apt-get install --no-install-recommends -y gcc &&
apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
ืฉืจืืืื ืื ืฉืืืืืขืกืืืง Dockerfile ืืื ืืืืึทืืขืจ ืคืื ืืขื ืคืึทืจื ืขื ืคืื ืืขื ืึทืจืืืงื.
ืืื ืก ืืขืกืื ืื ืคึฟืึทืจืืึทืืืื ื ืืืืงืืึทื:
$ time docker build -t ubuntu-gcc -f Dockerfile.ubuntu --quiet .
sha256:b6a3ee33acb83148cd273b0098f4c7eed01a82f47eeb8f5bec775c26d4fe4aae
real 0m29.251s
user 0m0.032s
sys 0m0.026s
$ docker image ls ubuntu-gcc
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ubuntu-gcc latest b6a3ee33acb8 9 seconds ago 150MB
ืืืจ ืืืืขืจืืืจื ืื ืืขืืืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืืคึผืืื (ืืึธืงืงืขืจืคืืืข):
FROM alpine
RUN apk add --update gcc
ืืืจ ืึทืกืขืืืึทื, ืงืืง ืืื ืื ืฆืืื ืืื ืืจืืืก ืคืื ืื ืคึฟืึทืจืืึทืืืื ื:
$ time docker build -t alpine-gcc -f Dockerfile.alpine --quiet .
sha256:efd626923c1478ccde67db28911ef90799710e5b8125cf4ebb2b2ca200ae1ac3
real 0m15.461s
user 0m0.026s
sys 0m0.024s
$ docker image ls alpine-gcc
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
alpine-gcc latest efd626923c14 7 seconds ago 105MB
ืืื ืฆืืืขืืืื, ืึทืืคึผืืื-ืืืืืจื ืืืืืขืจ ืืขื ืขื ืืขืืืืื ืคืึทืกืืขืจ ืืื ืืขื ืขื ืงืืขื ืขืจืขืจ: 15 ืกืขืงืื ืืขืก ืึทื ืฉืืึธื ืคืื 30 ืืื ืื ืืืื ืืจืืืก ืืื 105 ืื ืงืขืื 150 ืื. ืขืก ืก ืฉืืื ืืื!
ืึธืืขืจ ืืืื ืืืจ ืืึทืฉืืืืขื ืฆื ืืืืขื ืึท ืคึผืืืืึธื ืึทืคึผืืึทืงืืืฉืึทื, ืึทืืฅ ืืื ื ืืฉื ืึทืืื ืจืึธืืขืืืข.
ืคึผืืืืึธื ืืืื
ืคึผืืืืึธื ืึทืคึผืืึทืงืืืฉืึทื ื ืึธืคื ื ืืฆื ืคึผืึทื ืืึทืก ืืื ืืึทืืคึผืืึธืืืื. ืืขืจืืืขืจ, ืืืื ืึธืคึผืฆืืข ืืื ืฆื ื ืขืืขื ืื ืืึทืึทืืืขืจ ืืขืืืึทื-ืืืืืจื ืืืื ื ืืฆื ืืขื ืืึธืงืงืขืจืคืืืข:
FROM python:3.8-slim
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir matplotlib pandas
ืืื ืก ืงืืืึทืื ืขืก:
$ docker build -f Dockerfile.slim -t python-matpan.
Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.072kB
Step 1/2 : FROM python:3.8-slim
---> 036ea1506a85
Step 2/2 : RUN pip install --no-cache-dir matplotlib pandas
---> Running in 13739b2a0917
Collecting matplotlib
Downloading matplotlib-3.1.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (13.1 MB)
Collecting pandas
Downloading pandas-0.25.3-cp38-cp38-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (10.4 MB)
...
Successfully built b98b5dc06690
Successfully tagged python-matpan:latest
real 0m30.297s
user 0m0.043s
sys 0m0.020s
ืืืจ ืืึทืงืืืขื ืึท ืืืื ืคืื 363 ืื ืืื ืืจืืืก.
ืืืขืื ืืืจ ืืึธื ืืขืกืขืจ ืืื ืึทืืคึผืืื? ืืืืืจ ืคืจืืืืจื:
FROM python:3.8-alpine
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir matplotlib pandas
$ docker build -t python-matpan-alpine -f Dockerfile.alpine .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.072kB
Step 1/2 : FROM python:3.8-alpine
---> a0ee0c90a0db
Step 2/2 : RUN pip install --no-cache-dir matplotlib pandas
---> Running in 6740adad3729
Collecting matplotlib
Downloading matplotlib-3.1.2.tar.gz (40.9 MB)
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /usr/local/bin/python -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/
tmp/pip-install-a3olrixa/matplotlib/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-a3olrixa/matplotlib/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'rn'"'"', '"'"'n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' egg_info --egg-base /tmp/pip-install-a3olrixa/matplotlib/pip-egg-info
...
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: python setup.py egg_info Check the logs for full command output.
The command '/bin/sh -c pip install matplotlib pandas' returned a non-zero code: 1
ืืืึธืก ืก 'ืืขืืื ืืขื ืืืืฃ?
ืึทืืคึผืืื ืืื ื ืืฉื ืฉืืืฆื ืืืืื
ืืืื ืืืจ ืงืืง ืืื ืื ืืืืขื, ืืืึธืก ืืื ืืืืืจื ืืืืฃ ืืขืืืึทื, ืืืจ ืืืขื ืืขื ืึทื ืขืก ืืึทืื ืืึธืืื Matplotlib-3.1.2-cp38-cp38-manylinux1_x86_64.whl.
ืืึธืก ืืื ืึท ืืืื ืขืจื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืจืึธื. ืึทืืคึผืืื ืืึทืื ืืึธืืื ืื ืืงืืจืื `matplotlib-3.1.2.tar.gz` ืืื ื ืขืก ืฉืืืฆื ื ืืฉื ื ืึธืจืืึทื .
ืคืืจืืืืก? ืจืืึฟ ืืื ืืงืก ืืืกืืจืืืืืฉืึทื ื ื ืืฆื ืื GNU ืืืขืจืกืืข (glibc) ืคืื ืื C ื ืึธืจืืึทื ืืืืืืึธืืขืง, ืืืึธืก ืืื ืืื ืคืึทืงื ืคืืจืืื ืื ืืืจื ืืขืืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืืจืึทื ืืขืฉืจืืื ืืื C, ืึทืจืืึทื ืืขืจืขืื ื ืคึผืืืืึธื. ืึธืืขืจ ืึทืืคึผืืื ื ืืฆื `musl`, ืืื ืืื ื ืื ืืื ืึทืจืืขืก ืืขื ืขื ืืืืืื ื ืคึฟืึทืจ `glibc`, ืืื ืืขื ืขื ืคืฉืื ื ืืฉื ืึทื ืึธืคึผืฆืืข.
ืืขืจืืืขืจ, ืืืื ืืืจ ื ืืฆื ืึทืืคึผืืื, ืืืจ ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืฆื ืืึทืืืขื ืึทืืข ืงืึธื ืืขืฉืจืืื ืืื C ืืื ืืขืืขืจ ืคึผืืืืึธื ืคึผืขืงื.
ืึธ, ืืึธ, ืืืจ ืืืขื ืืึธืื ืฆื ืงืืงื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ืจืฉืืื ืคืื ืึทืืข ืึทืืึท ืืืคึผืขื ืืึทื ืกืื ืืืึธืก ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืฆื ืืืื ืฆืื ืืืคืืขืฉืืขืื ืืื.
ืืื ืืขื ืคืึทื ืืืจ ืืึทืงืืืขื ืืขื:
FROM python:3.8-alpine
RUN apk --update add gcc build-base freetype-dev libpng-dev openblas-dev
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir matplotlib pandas
ืืื ืื ืืืืขื ืฆืืื ื ืขืื ...
... 25 ืืื ืื 57 ืกืขืงืื ืืขืก! ืืื ืื ืืืื ืืจืืืก ืืื 851 ืื.
ืึทืืคึผืืื-ืืืืืจื ืืืืืขืจ ื ืขืืขื ืคืื ืืขืจ ืฆื ืืืืขื, ืืื ืืขื ืขื ืืจืขืกืขืจืข ืืื ืืจืืืก, ืืื ืืืจ ื ืึธื ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืฆื ืงืืงื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืืข ืื ืืืคึผืขื ืืึทื ืกืื. ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืคืื ืงืืจืก ืจืขืืืฆืืจื ืื ืคึฟืึทืจืืึทืืืื ื ืืจืืืก ื ืืฆื ืึธืืขืจ ืืึธืก ืืืื ื ืึทื ื ืึธื ืืขืจ ืึทืจืืขื ืืึทืจืฃ ืืืื ืืขืืื.
ืึทื ืก 'ื ืืฉื ืึทืืข!
ืึทืืคึผืืื ืงืขื ืคืึทืจืฉืึทืคื ืืืืืขืจืืื ืืึทืื ืืื ืจืื ืืืืข
- ืืื ืืขืึธืจืืข, Musl ืืื ืงืึทืืคึผืึทืืึทืืึทื ืืื Glibc, ืึธืืขืจ ืืื ืคืืจ ืื ืืืคืขืจืึทื ืกืื ืงืขื ืขื ืืจืื ื ืคืืืข ืคึผืจืึธืืืขืืก. ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืขื ืขื, ืืื ืืืขืื ืืืกืืึธืืข ืืืื ืคึผืจืืงืจืข. ืืึธ ืืขื ืขื ืขืืืขืืข ืคืจืืืืขืืขื ืืืึธืก ืงืขื ืคึผืึทืกืืจื:
- ืึทืืคึผืืื ืืื ืึท ืงืืขื ืขืจืขืจ ืคืึธืืขื ืึธื ืืืืื ืืจืืืก ืืืจื ืคืขืืืงืืึทื, ืืืึธืก ืงืขื ืขื ืคืืจื ืฆื
- ืขืืืขืืข ืืืืขืจื ืืึธืื ืืขืคึฟืื ืขื ืึทื ืืืืึทื ืคืื ืื ืืืขื Musl ืึทืืึทืงืืืฅ ืืึผืจืื (ืึทื ืืขืจืฉ ืคืื Glibc).
- ืืืื ืขืจ ืคืื ืื ื ืืฆืขืจืก
ืืืืืื ืืขื ืขื ืื ืืืืืืข ืืขืืชืื ืฉืืื ืคืืจืจืืื ืืขืืืืจื, ืืืขืจ ืืืขืจ ืืืืืกื ืืืืคืื ื ืื ืขืก ืืืขื ืืืื.
ืื ืืืืกื ื ืืฉื ื ืืฆื ืึทืืคึผืืื ืืืืืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึผืืืืึธื
ืืืื ืืืจ ืืึธื ื ืืฉื ืืืขืื ืฆื ืึทืจื ืืื ืืจืืืก ืืื ืืึทื ื ืืืืขื, ืืืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืืคึผืขื ืืึทื ืกืื ืืื ืคึผืึธืืขื ืฆืืขื ืขืจืจืึธืจืก, ืืึธื ื ืื ื ืืฆื ืึทืืคึผืืื ืืื ืืงืก ืืื ืึท ืืึทืืข ืืืื. .
ืืงืืจ: www.habr.com