ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื ื’ ืขืก

ื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื ื’ ืขืก. ื“ืขื ืื•ืคึฟืŸ ืื™ื– ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ "ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ". ืขืก ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืึทื– ืื•ื™ื‘ ืึท ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื‘ืึทื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคืืกื˜ืขื›ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืงืœืึทืกืกื™ืคื™ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื˜ืขืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืข ืงืึธื“ ืื™ืŸ ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžืึทืฉืžืึธืขืก.

ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื ื’ ืขืก

ืึธื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืขืฅ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืกืžืึทืจื˜ืขืจ. ืœืขืฆื˜ื ืก, ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ. ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื ืขืฅ ืื™ื– ื‘ืื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ. ืึทื˜ืึทืงืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืžืขืจ ืกืึทืคื™ืกื˜ืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื›ืึทืงืขืจื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ.

ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืกื™ืกืงืึธ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืง, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื™ืึธืจ, ืึทื˜ืึทืงืขืจื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ืคึผืึทืœื“ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทืœื•ื•ืึทืจืข ื–ื™ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ื™. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืึธืจื™ืข ืึทื– ื“ื™ "ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง" ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืขื‘ืจืื›ืŸ. ื›ึผื“ื™ ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ื“ืขืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืœื™ืกืœ, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ืงืก, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื›ืึทืงื™ื ื’ ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื•ื•ืึทืœื ืขืจืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก.

ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื ื’ ืขืก
ื ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ ื˜ืจืขืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜

ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ

ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ! ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ-ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ื“ืขืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื ืขื•ืจืึทืœ ื ืขืฅ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜.

ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืึท ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืกืึทื‘ืกืขืงืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืš ืกื™ื™ื›ืœ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืžืขื˜ื”ืึธื“ืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึทื ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทืžื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ. ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ืื™ื– ืึทื™ืžืขื“ ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืžืึทื˜ืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืงืึทืœ ืžืึธื“ืขืœืก ืคึฟืึทืจ "ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’" ืึท ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืกื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก. ืื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ื“, ืžื™ืจ ืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืจื˜ "ื—ื›ืžื”". ื—ื›ืžื” ืžืึทื ืึทืคืขืกืฅ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืœืึทื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ (ืึท 2-ื™ืึธืจ-ืึทืœื˜ ืงื™ื ื“ ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœื•ื’). ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื ื“ืŸ ืฆื• ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืงืึทืžืจืึทื“ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขืฆื”, ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ (ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ) ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื”ื™ืœืฃ. ื–ื™ื™, ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืจ, ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ ืึทืœืข ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขืคืขืก ืฉื™ื™ึทื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื (ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ืข) ืื•ืŸ, ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ (ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ), ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึท ืžื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื’ื ืึธื– (ืขืฆื”). ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืฆื” ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื’ื ืึธื– ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืฆื” ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืจืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ืึธืจ ืึทืกื•ืžื–. ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื˜ ืึทื– ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืœืฉ.

ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ึทื›ืŸ ื ืขื•ืจืึทืœ ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจืึทื ื˜ืฉื™ื ื’ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื (ืื•ื™ื‘ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ). ื“ืืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื–ืื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ื“ื™ืคืขืจืึทื ืกื™ื–. ื“ื™ ื‘ืจืึทื ื˜ืฉื™ื ื’ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ื”ืื˜ ืึท ืงืœืึธืจ "ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ื“" ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ. ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ ื“ืขืžืึธื ืกื˜ืจื™ืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคื™ืœืŸ.

ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜. ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื™ืงื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ.

ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจืึทื ื˜ืฉื™ื ื’ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืึท ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืกืึธืจื˜ 1 ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ืืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ 2012, ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ืงื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– 10 ืžืขื˜ืขืจ, ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืกืึธืจื˜ 2 ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ืืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ 2011, ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ.

ืึท ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื ืขื•ืจืึทืœ ื ืขืฅ. ืžื™ืจ ืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื™ืงื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืึทื ืกืึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข 20 ื™ืึธืจ. ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ, ืžื™ืจ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืขืœื  ืึท ื˜ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืขื "ืžืึทื›ืŸ-ื™ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ-ื‘ืจื™ื™ืงื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜". ืžื™ืจ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืฉ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื ืขื•ืจืึทืœ ื ืขืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืขืก. ื˜ืจืึทื™ื ื™ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื•ื•ื™ ื’ื™ื™ื˜: ืžื™ืจ ืงืึธืจืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื ืขื•ืจืึทืœ ื ืขืฅ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึธืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ืงื™ื ื’ ื“ืจืš. ื“ืขืจ ื ืขื•ืจืึธืŸ ืคืจื•ื•ื•ื˜ ืฆื• ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืกื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื™ืงื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืึทื ืกืข ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืœืึธื•ื“ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืขืก. ืคึผืจื™ื“ื™ืงืก ืขืคึผืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ "ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืจืขื›ื˜?" ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืื’ืข ืžืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ ื ืคืขืจื˜ืŸ ืงืืœื•ื, ื“ื™ ื’ืขืกื™ื ื’ ืงืืœื•ื. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืจืขื›ื˜, ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ื˜ 1 ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ื™ึทืœ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืœืฉ, ื–ื™ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ื˜ 0. ื“ื™ ื ืขื•ืจืึทืœ ื ืขืฅ ืžืึทืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ (ืึทืคึฟื™ืœื• ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืึท ื’ืจื™ื™ึทื–). ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืœืขืจื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ (ืึท ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืขืจื“ื–ืฉืึทื ืก ืงืจื™ื˜ืขืจื™ืข ืื™ื– ืจื™ื˜ืฉื˜), ืžื™ืจ ืคืึธืจืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืกืึธืฃ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ.

ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืฉื™ื ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืขืจื“ื–ืฉืึทื ืก ืงืจื™ื˜ืขืจื™ืึธืŸ, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืžืึทื˜ืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืงืึทืœ ื“ืขืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื“ ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืง. ื ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ืงื™ื ื’ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืขืจื“ื–ืฉืึทื ืก ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœืึทืก. ืจื•ื™ื˜ - ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจื™ ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืขืจื“ื–ืฉืึทื ืก, ื‘ืœื•ื™ - ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืขืจื“ื–ืฉืึทื ืก.

ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื ื’ ืขืก
ื‘ื™ื™ื ืึธืžื™ืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืžืึทืฉืžืึธืขืก ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืฉืึทื ื–

ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืขืก ืงืœื™ืจืขืจ, ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืฉื™ื "ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืžืึทืฉืžืึธืขืก ืฆื• ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ืึท ื“ื™ื™ื ืึทืกืึธืจ?" ื“ืึธ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ 2 ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืขื ื˜ืคึฟืขืจืก. ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข 1 - ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ (ื‘ืœื•ื™ ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง). ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข 2 - ืึท ื‘ืึทื’ืขื’ืขื ื™ืฉ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ (ืจื•ื™ื˜ ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง).

ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ืึท ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืœืขืจื ื˜ ื“ื™ืคืขืจืขื ื˜ืœื™. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ 2 ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืคืขืจื“ ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’: ืคืึทืœ-ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ะธ ื“ืขื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ.

ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคึผืจืขืกื™ื“ืขื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืึท ื•ื•ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืžืึทื˜ืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืงืึทืœ ื’ืขื–ืขืฆืŸ. ืžืึทื˜ื”ืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืงืก ืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ื˜ื™ืฉืŸ, ืฆื™ืขืŸ ืงืึทื ืงืœื•ื–ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทืกืข ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขื•ืจืึทืœ ื ืขืฅ - ืึท ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ื›ืขื–ืฉื‘ืŸ.

ื“ืขื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ - ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืึทืงืขืจื– ืœืขื’ืึทืžืจืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขื•ืจืึธืŸ (ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก). ืื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ื ื˜ื™ืฉ ืืŸ ื ืคืืจืžื•ืœ, ื ืืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืกื˜ืื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืง.

ื ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืœื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืฅ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ. ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืืก ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืคืืจ ืื•ื ื–ืขืจ ืืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ื“.

ื ืขื•ืจืึธืคึผืœืึทืกื˜ื™ืกืึทื˜ื™

ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืฃ - ื ืขื•ืจืึธืคึผืœืึทืกื˜ื™ืกืึทื˜ื™. ื ืขื•ืจืึธืคึผืœืึทืกื˜ื™ืกืึทื˜ื™ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื•ืจืึทื ื– (ืžืึทืจืš ืกืขืœื–) ืฆื• ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืขืŸ "ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข." ืœืžืฉืœ, ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื•ื•ืืก ื”ืื˜ ืคืืจืœื•ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืื™ื” ื”ืขืจื˜ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื ื“ืก, ืกืžืขืœืœืก ืื•ืŸ ืกืขื ืกื™ื– ืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ. ื“ืึธืก ืึทืงืขืจื– ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึทืจืš (ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืจืึทื ื–) ืคืึทืจืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจื˜ืœืขืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ืขืื•ื ื’ ืจื™ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืฅ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืฆื• ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™.

ื ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ืงื™ื ื’ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืขื•ืจืึธืคึผืœืึทืกื˜ื™ืกืึทื˜ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื‘ืจืึทื™ื ืคึผืึธืจื˜ ืœืึทืœื™ืคึผืึทืคึผ.

ืื™ืŸ 2009, ื“ื™ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืงืึธื ืกื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืึทื“ื™ืกืึธืŸ ืžื•ื“ื™ืข ื“ื™ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืžื™ื˜ืœ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ืึท "ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ" - ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืจืึทื™ื ืคึผืึธืจื˜. ื‘ืจืึทื™ื ืคึผืึธืจื˜ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื: ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขื ืกื™ื’ื ืึทืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœืก ืคืืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจ, ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ื ืึทืก ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจืก. ืขืก ืื•ื™ืš ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืขืจืฅ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ืกื™ื’ื ืึทืœื– ืื™ืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืงืึทืœ ื™ืžืคึผืึทืœืกื™ื–, ื™ืกืขื ืฉืึทืœื™ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื˜ื™ื ืึท.

ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื ื’ ืขืก
ื‘ืจืึทื™ื ืคึผืึธืจื˜ ืœืึทืœื™ืคึผืึทืคึผ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืจื™ืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜

ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื ื’ ืขืก
ื‘ืจืึทื™ื ืคึผืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜

ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ื ืขื•ืจืึทืœ ื ืขืฅ ืกืขื ืกื™ื– ืึท ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก, ืขืก ืึทื“ืึทืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืื™ื. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืžื™ื™ึทืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื ืขื•ืจืึทืœ ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทืžื– - ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜-ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’. ื ืžื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื”ื™ื™ื˜.

ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืก

ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ื˜ืจืึทืคื™ืง ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืขืœื˜ื•ื•ืึทื˜ื˜ืฉ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื. ืกื˜ืขืœื˜ื•ื•ืึทื˜ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ืกื™ืกืงืึธ ืก ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืก ืกืึทืœื•ืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืœืขื•ื•ืขืจืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ืคืึทืจื ืขืžื•ื ื’ ื˜ืขืœืขืžืขื˜ืจื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื™ื’ื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ื ืขืฅ ื™ื ืคืจืึทืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจ.

ืกื˜ืขืœื˜ื•ื•ืึทื˜ื˜ืฉ ืขื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืจื™ื™ื– ืื™ื– ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคืœืึธื• ืงื•ืจืก ืœื™ืกืขื ืกืข, ืคืœืึธื• ืงืึทืœืขืงื˜ืขืจ, ืžืึทื ืึทื’ืขืžืขื ื˜ ืงืึทื ืกืึธื•ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืคืœืึธื• ืกืขื ืกืึธืจ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื.

ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื ื’ ืขืก
Cisco Stealthwatch ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“

ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืžื™ื˜ ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึทืงื•ื˜ืข ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ืคื™ืœ ืžืขืจ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“. ื‘ื™ื– ืึทื”ืขืจ, ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืงืึธื“ ืื™ื– ื™ื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“ (ืžืขืจืกื˜ื ืก), ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืึทืœืข ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืื™ื– ื™ื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืกืขืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ "ืจื™ื™ืŸ" ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืกืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืคื™ืœ ืžืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ. ื ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ืงื™ื ื’ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืื™ื– WannaCry, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ Tor ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ึทื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ.

ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื ื’ ืขืก
ื•ื•ื™ืกื•ืึทืœื™ื–ืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืึธื•ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ

ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื ื’ ืขืก
ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืึทืงืจืึธื•ื™ืงืึทื ืึทืžื™ืงืก

ื“ื™ ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ื˜ืจืึทืคื™ืง ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืก (ETA) ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื ื’ ืขืก. ืึทื˜ืึทืงืขืจื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืœื•ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืึธ-ืงืขื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืœื™ืง ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทืžื–, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ืงื™ื ื’ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืึธืจ ื˜ื™ื™ึทืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–.

ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื’ื™ื™ื˜. ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืžืข. ืขืก ืคืืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ TLS (ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคึผืึธืจื˜ ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜). ื–ืืœ ืก ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืื™ื– ื™ื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“. ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ืขื ื˜ืคึฟืขืจืŸ ืึท ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจืื’ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืฉืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜.

ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื ื’ ืขืก
ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ Encrypted Traffic Analytics (ETA) ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜

ืฆื• ืขื ื˜ืคึฟืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืจืื’ืŸ, ืžื™ืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื. ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ืกืงืึธ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื•ื“ื™ื•ื, ืึท ื˜ื™ืฉ ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 2 ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ - ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืข ืื•ืŸ "ื’ื•ื˜" ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ. ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ืžื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืื™ื– ืืจื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฉืคึผื•ืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืก ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืžืข ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื‘ื™ื ืข. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ื ืข, ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ืจื™ื–ื™ืง ื˜ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ.

ื‘ืึทื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ, ื“ื™ ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื™ื“ืขื ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ - ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื›ึผืœืœื™ื ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืึทื˜ืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืงืึทืœ ืคืึธืจืขื. ื“ื™ ื›ึผืœืœื™ื ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื“ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืงืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ืจื™ืึท - ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคืขืจื“ ื˜ืขืงืขืก, ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืฉืจ, ื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืงื•ืžื˜, ืืื–"ื• ื•. ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ื“ื™ ืจื™ื–ื™ืง ื˜ื™ืฉ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืึท ืกื›ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืคื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœืึทืก. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื–ื™ื™, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ืึทืงื•ื•ืขื ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜.

ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ, ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ - ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœืข ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืขืจื“ื–ืฉืึทื ืก ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืขืจื“ื–ืฉืึทื ืก ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ืฆื™ื ื’ืœ - ืึท ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ, ื•ื•ื• ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜, ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ (ืคืœืึทืš) ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืœืึธื•ืขืจื“ ืฉื˜ืขืœืข.

ื“ื™ ืจื™ื–ืึทืœื˜ื™ื ื’ ื‘ื™ื ืข ืื™ื– ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ืกื›ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื’ืขืจื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืื“ืขืงื˜ 99% ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ.

ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื ื’ ืขืก
ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ื“ื•ืจื›ืงื•ืง ืกื˜ืขืคึผืก ืื™ืŸ ETA

ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืื™ื– ืกืึทืœื•ื•ื“ - ืึท ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืŸ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ืึท ื ื•ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืคื™ืœื˜ืขืจื™ื ื’ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืžืึทื ื™ื•ืึทืœื™ (ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจื˜ืจื•ื ืงืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคื•ื ื˜). ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืงืึธืžืคึผืขื˜ืขื ื˜ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืึทื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ (ืื™ืš ืคืึธืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš). ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื ืก, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืคืึทืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืึทืงื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืŸ (ืœืคึผื—ื•ืช ื˜ื™ื™ืœ).

ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื ื’ ืขืก
ืึทื•ื˜ื“ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ-ืื™ืŸ-ื“ืขื-ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืฃ

ืื™ืฆื˜, ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืก ืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื™ื– ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ.

ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฅ ืื•ื™ืฃ 4 ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก: TCP / IP - ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ, ื“ื ืก - ืคืขืœื“ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ, TLS - ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ, SPLT (SpaceWire Physical Layer Tester) - ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ื˜ืขืกื˜ืขืจ.

ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื ื’ ืขืก
ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ETA

ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืื™ื– ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื™ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ. ื ื™ืฆืŸ TCP / IP ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก, ื“ื™ ืฉืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืื™ื– ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ (ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข, ืฆื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ืขื ืคึผืœืึทืฅ, ืืื–"ื• ื•), ื“ืึทื ืง ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื“ื ืก ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ, ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื•ื•ืขืงื•ื•ืึทืจืคืŸ "ืฉืœืขื›ื˜" ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืึทื“ืจืขืกืขืก. ื“ื™ TLS ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืก ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืึทืคื™ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืึท ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ ื ื•ื™ื˜ืคืึทืœ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืžืึทื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ (ืกืขืจื˜). ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฉืจื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืงืฉืจ ืื™ื– ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื“ื™ ื“ืขื˜ืึทื™ืœืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ื ืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืกืคึผืขืกื™ืคื™ืขื“, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคื•ื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ ื’ื™ื™ื˜: ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื ื•ืก ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธืกื™ื ืข ืงื•ืจื•ื•ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ืกื™ืข ืงื•ืจื•ื•ืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืกืึทืœืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–, ื™.ืข. ื“ืึทื ืง ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข, ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืฉืจ.

ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ. ื“ื•ืจืš ื•ื ื˜ืขืจื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืคึผืึทืงื™ืฅ, ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื˜ ื–ื™ืš. ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื•ืจื›ืงื•ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข, ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื˜ (ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื’ืึธืจ). ืื•ื™ืš, ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืœืขืš. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข .ืฆื™ื‘ืขืœืข ืžืงื•ืจ, ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ ืขืก. ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืขืก ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืกืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ, ืึท ืจื™ื–ื™ืงื™ืจืŸ ืžืึทืคึผืข ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ.

ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื ื’ ืขืก
ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ETA ืก ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜

ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื ืขืฅ ื“ื™ืคึผืœื•ื™ืžืึทื ื˜.

ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ETA

ื“ืึธ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื•ืึทื ืกื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืกืึทื˜ืึทืœื˜ื™ื–. ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืจื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ืขื ืžื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ
ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก ืžื™ื˜ ื”ื•ื™ืš-ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’, ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜. ืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืžืึทื ื™ื•ืึทืœื™ ื’ืึธืจ
ื•ื•ื™ืœื“, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข. ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื ืก, ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ
ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ื ืขืฅ ืกืขื ืกืึธืจืก ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ
ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึธื˜ืึทื ืึทืžืึทืกืœื™, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคื™ื™ื ืœื™ ื˜ื•ื ื“ ืžืึธื“ืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืจื™ื™ื™ืฅ ืึท ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ.

ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื ื’ ืขืก
ืกืขื ืกืึธืจืก ืื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืขืœื˜ื•ื•ืึทื˜ื˜ืฉ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื

ื™ื ืกื˜ืึธืœื™ื ื’ ืึท ืกืขื ืกืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืึทืš, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืึธืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜. ืฆื• ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจ ืกืขื ืกืึธืจืก, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืงืึธืžืคึผืœืขืงืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฅ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ื˜ืึทืคึผืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ - ISR = Cisco Integrated Services Router; ืึทืกืจ = ืกื™ืกืงืึธ ืึทื’ื’ืจืขื’ืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืก ืจืึทื•ื˜ืขืจ; ืงืกืจ = ืกื™ืกืงืึธ ืงืœืึธื•ื“ ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืก ืจืึทื•ื˜ืขืจ; ื•ื•ืœืง = ืกื™ืกืงืึธ ื•ื•ื™ืจืขืœืขืกืก ืœืึทืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœืœืขืจ; ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜ = ืกื™ืกืงืึธ ื™ื ื“ื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืึทืœ ืขื˜ื”ืขืจื ืขื˜ ืกื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ; ASA = Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance; FTD = Cisco Firepower Threat Defense Solution; WSA = ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืกืขืงื•ืจื™ื˜ื™ ืึทืคึผืคึผืœื™ืึทื ืกืข; ISE = ืื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ื˜ืขื˜ ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืก ืžืึธื˜ืึธืจ

ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื ื’ ืขืก
ืคื•ืœืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืœืขืžืขื˜ืจื™ืง ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ

ื ืขืฅ ืึทื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืึธืจืก ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ืขืจื™ื“ืžื™ืึท ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ "ืกื™ืกืงืึธ" ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืคึผืึทืจืึทื’ืจืึทืฃ. ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ ...

ื“ื™ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขืงืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธื“ืขืœืขื“ ื•ื•ื™ ื’ื™ื™ื˜. ืกื˜ืขืœื˜ื•ื•ืึทื˜ื˜ืฉ ืงืขืจืคืึทืœื™ ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจืก ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืึท ืžื•ืกื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ. ืึทื“ื“ื™ื˜ื™ืึธื ืึทืœืœื™, ื“ืขื ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ ื’ื™ื˜ ื˜ื™ืฃ ื™ื ืกื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื•ืกื˜ ื™ื ืึทืคึผืจืึธื•ืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ. ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ ื ื™ืฆื˜ ื‘ืขืขืจืขืš 100 ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทืžื– ืึธื“ืขืจ ื›ื™ื•ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทื“ืจืขืก ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ืกืงืึทื ื™ื ื’, ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืฉืจืขืง ืจืึธืžืขืŸ, ื‘ืจื•ื˜-ืงืจืึทืคื˜ ืœืึธื’ื™ื ืก, ืกืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜ื™ื“ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื›ืึทืคึผืŸ, ืกืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜ื™ื“ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืœื™ืงืึทื“ื–ืฉ, ืขื˜ืง. ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืœื™ืกื˜ืขื“ ืคืึทืœืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทื˜ืขื’ืึธืจื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื”ื•ื™ืš-ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืึทืœ ืึทืœืึทืจืžืก. ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืฆื™ื ื’ืœ ืึท ืฉืจืขืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื’ืŸ. ืื–ื•ื™, ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ืงืึธืจืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืคืœ ืืคื’ืขื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืึทื ืึทืžืึทืœืึทืก ื™ื ืกืึทื“ืึทื ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืขืก ืฆื• ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ (ืคื™ื’ื•ืจืข 2). ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜, ื“ื™ ืื™ื ืฆื™ื“ืขื ื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ื˜ืขืœืขืžืขื˜ืจื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืงืึทื ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื•ืฅ ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ. ื“ืึธืงื˜ืึธืจืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื ื˜ืขืจื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืึทืฆื™ืขื ื˜ ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืœืฉ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืžืคึผื˜ืึธืžืก ืื™ืŸ ืืคื’ืขื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜. ื–ื™ื™ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืึท ื“ื™ืึทื’ื ืึธืกื™ืก. ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืึทื–ื•ื™, Stealthwatch ืงืึทืคึผื˜ืฉืขืจื– ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืึทื ืึทืžืึทืœืึทืก ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื’ื–ืึทืžืึทื ื– ืขืก ื”ืึธืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืœื™ ืฆื• ืฉื™ืงืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜-ืึทื•ื•ืขืจ ืึทืœืึทืจืžืก, ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜ ื”ืขืœืคึผื™ื ื’ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืคึผืจืึธืคืขืกืกื™ืึธื ืึทืœืก ืคึผืจื™ื™ืึธืจืึทื˜ื™ื™ื– ืจื™ืกืงืก.

ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื ื’ ืขืก
ืึทื ืึทืžืึทืœื™ ื“ื™ื˜ืขืงืฉืึทืŸ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืžืึธื“ืขืœื™ื ื’

ื“ื™ ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ืคึผืœื•ื™ืžืึทื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ ืงื•ืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืึธืก:

ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื ื’ ืขืก
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื’ ื ืขืฅ ื“ื™ืคึผืœื•ื™ืžืึทื ื˜ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข (ืกื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืคื™ื™ื“)

ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื ื’ ืขืก
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื’ ื ืขืฅ ื“ื™ืคึผืœื•ื™ืžืึทื ื˜ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข

ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืคึผืœื•ื™ื“, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืงืฉื™ื ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขื•ืจืึธืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึธืคืŸ. ื–ื™ื™ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ืกื™ืข ื ืขืฅ, ืื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืกืขื ืกืึธืจืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœืึธื ื˜ืฉื˜ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื ืขื•ืจืึธืŸ ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืขื ื™ืŸ. ื‘ื™ื™.

ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืœื™ื™ึทืขืจ ื ืขื•ืจืึทืœ ื ืขืฅ

ื“ืขืจ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขื˜ืขืงื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืข ื™ื ืคืขืงืฉืึทื ื–, ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืคึฟืขืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก, ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืœื™ืงืก ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทื˜ืขื ื˜ืฉืึทืœื™ ืึทื ื•ื•ืึธื ื˜ื™ื“ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคืœื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ืคืจืึทืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืคืœ ืœื™ื™ึทืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ื• ืึท ืงืึธืžื‘ื™ื ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ืงื™ื ืกื˜ืœืขืš ืกื™ื™ื›ืœ, ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทื˜ืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืงืึทืœ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ื˜ืขืงื ื™ืงืก ื”ืขืœืคึฟืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ ื–ื™ืš-ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืึทื– ืขืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื˜ืขืงื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืข ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜.

ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืจืขืจื  - ืœื™ื ื™ืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืึทืœืขืงืฅ ื˜ืขืœืขืžืขื˜ืจื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืคึผืึทืจืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืงืกื˜ืขื ื“ืขื“ ื ืขืฅ, ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ, ืื™ื– ืึท ื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืง ืฉื˜ืจื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืขืœื˜ื•ื•ืึทื˜ื˜ืฉ. ืขืก ื™ื ืงืจืึทืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœื™ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืก ืึท ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– "ืึทื ืึทืžืึทืœ," ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทื˜ืึทื’ืขืจื™ื™ื–ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ "ืกืึทืงืึธื ืข ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜," ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืกืึธืฃ ืžืื›ื˜ ืึท ืœืขืฆื˜ ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฆื™ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึทืงืฉืœื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืจืึทืžื™ื™ื–ื“. ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ื™ืง ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืขืงืœืขืš ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืคืึธืจืขื ื“ื™ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืึท ืœืขืฆื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉืœื•ืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฆื™ ืึท ืึทืกืขื˜ ืื™ื– ืงืึทืžืคึผืจืึทืžื™ื™ื–ื“ ืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ื™ื˜ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธืจืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ.

ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืึท ื˜ื™ืคึผื™ืฉ ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜ ืงืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ืจื™ื–ื™ืง ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืึทืจืžืก ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’, ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืคืึธืจืฉืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืคึผืจืึธืคืขืกืกื™ืึธื ืึทืœืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ืขื“ ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ. ื“ื™ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืžืึธื“ื•ืœืข ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืึทื– ื•ื•ืึทืกื˜ ืึทืžืึทื•ื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ื™ื ืกืึทื“ืึทื ืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืงืœืึธืจ ืงืึธืจืกืึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืžืฃ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื’ื™ืš ื”ืึทื›ืœืึธื˜ืข.

ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืงื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืœืข ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื˜ืขืงื ื™ืงืก ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš Stealthwatch. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื ืฆื™ื“ืขื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืฆื• ืกื˜ืขืœื˜ื•ื•ืึทื˜ื˜ืฉ ืก ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืžืึธื˜ืึธืจ, ืขืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืœื™ื™ืงืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ื ื™ืฆื˜ ืึท ืงืึธืžื‘ื™ื ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ืกื•ืคึผืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ืกื•ืคึผืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื“ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื˜ืขืงื ื™ืงืก.

ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื ื’ ืขืก
ืžืึทืœื˜ื™-ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืคึผืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื–

ืžื“ืจื’ื” 1. ืึทื ืึทืžืึทืœื™ ื“ื™ื˜ืขืงืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ ืžืึธื“ืขืœื™ื ื’

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžื“ืจื’ื”, 99% ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึทื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ืึทื ืึทืžืึทืœื™ ื“ืขื˜ืขืงื˜ืึธืจืก. ื“ื™ ืกืขื ืกืึธืจืก ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืคืึธืจืขื ืงืึธืžืคึผืœืขืงืก ืžืึธื“ืขืœืก ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจื˜, ืื™ื– ืึทื‘ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืึทื‘ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืึทื•ื•ืงืข ืฉืขื“ืœืขืš. ื ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืขืฅ ื”ืื˜ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกืึทืงืึธื ืข - ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ืึธืจ ืžืึธื“ื ืข. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ืงืœืึทืกื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืึทื– ืึธืŸ ืึทื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื˜ืจืขื˜ืึทื ื™ื ื’ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืกื™ื‘ื”, ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ื“ืขื˜ืขืงื˜ืึธืจืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืกื“ืจ ืฆื• ื›ืึทืคึผืŸ ืžืึธื“ื ืข ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทืกื˜ื™ื“. ืœืขืกืึธืฃ, ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืึธื›ืฆืึธืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืคึฟืขื“ืขื ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ืงื•ื•ืขืก ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืขืก ืฆื• ืœื™ื™ึทืขืจืก 2 ืื•ืŸ 3. ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื˜ืขืงื ื™ืงืก, ื“ื™ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืงืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ืกืขืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื’ื ืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึทืฉ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื”ื•ื™ืš.

ืึทื ืึทืžืึทืœื™ ื“ื™ื˜ืขืงืฉืึทืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืฉืจื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื ืึทืžืึทืœื™ ื“ื™ื˜ืขืงืฉืึทืŸ ื ื™ืฆื˜ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื˜ืขืงื ื™ืงืก ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ืึทืžืึทืœืึทืก ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ. ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ 70 ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื“ืขื˜ืขืงื˜ืึธืจืก ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืœืขืžืขื˜ืจื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืกื˜ืขืœื˜ื•ื•ืึทื˜ื˜ืฉ ืงืึทืœืขืงืฅ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคึผืึทืกื™ื– ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืขืฅ ืคึผืขืจื™ืžืขื˜ืขืจ, ืกืขืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื™ื ืขืจืœืขืš ืคืขืœื“ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื (DNS) ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืงืกื™ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ืื™ื–. ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืื™ื– ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ 70 ื“ืขื˜ืขืงื˜ืึธืจืก, ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื“ืขื˜ืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทืกืขืกืžืึทื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื˜ืขืงื˜ืึทื“ ืึทื ืึทืžืึทืœื™ื–. ื“ื™ ืกืงืึธืจื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืึทืžื‘ื™ื™ื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืคืœ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ืžืขื˜ื”ืึธื“ืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืฆื• ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืึท ืื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืขื–ืฉื‘ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืึธื ืคึฟืจืขื’. ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื–ืึทื ื›ืขื–ืฉื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ืึทืžืึทืœืึทืก ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ.

ืžืึธื“ืขืœื™ื ื’ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš, ืขื ืœืขืš ืจื™ืงื•ื•ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืจื•ืคึผื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื–ืึทื ืึทื ืึทืžืึทืœื™ ื›ืขื–ืฉื‘ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทื–ืึท ื’ืจื•ืคึผืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉืœืืกืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืœืึทื ื’-ื˜ืขืจืžื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš. ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜, ืžืขืจ ืคึฟืจืื’ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืึทื ื’-ื˜ืขืจืžื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš, ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜ ืจื™ื“ื•ืกื™ื ื’ ืคืึทืœืฉ ืคึผืึทื–ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ื– ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืœืฉ ื ืขื’ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืขืก. ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ ืžืึธื“ืขืœื™ื ื’ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืฆื• ืื•ื™ืกืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืึท ืกืึทื‘ืกืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ืึทื ืึทืžืึทืœื™ ื›ืขื–ืฉื‘ืŸ ื™ืงืกื™ื“ื– ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื“ื™ื ืึทืžื™ืงืึทืœืœื™ ื‘ืืฉืœืืกืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืœ ืฆื• ืžืึทืš ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’ ืžื“ืจื’ื”.

ืžื“ืจื’ื” 2. ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ ืงืœืึทืกืึทืคืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื›ื™ื™ืคืขืฅ ืžืึธื“ืขืœื™ื ื’

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืžื“ืจื’ื”, ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืกื˜ืึทื’ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืœืึทืกืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืกื™ื™ื ื“ ืฆื• ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืข ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ. ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืœืึทืกืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึทืกื™ื™ื ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืงืœืึทืกืกื™ืคื™ืขืจืก ืฆื• ืขื ืฉื•ืจ ืึท ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื˜ ืึทืงื™ืขืจืึทืกื™ ืงื•ืจืก ื”ืขื›ืขืจ 90%. ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™:

  • ืœื™ื ืขืึทืจ ืžืึธื“ืขืœืก ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ Neyman-Pearson ืœืขืžืึท (ื“ื™ ื’ืขื–ืขืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ)
  • ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ื•ื•ืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืžืืฉื™ื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ื•ื•ืึทืจื™ืึทื˜ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ
  • ื ืขื•ืจืึทืœ ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทืค - ื•ื•ืึทืœื“ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื.

ื“ื™ ืืคื’ืขื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืื™ื™ืŸ ืขื ื“ืคึผื•ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ื ืข ืึทื– ืึท ืกืึทืงืึธื ืข ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ, ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืง ืึทื˜ืึทืงืขืจ ื’ืขืจืื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ.

ืงืœืึทืกืึทืคืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ. ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ืึทื ืึทืžืึทืœืึทืก ืกืึทื‘ืกืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืื™ื– ืคื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ 100 ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžืขืจ ืงืึทื˜ืขื’ืึธืจื™ืขืก ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืงืœืึทืกืึทืคื™ื™ืขืจื–. ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืงืœืึทืกืกื™ืคื™ืขืจืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ, ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ื‘ืืฆื™ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื’ืœืื‘ืืœืข ืึธื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื’ืข ื•ื•ืึธื’, ื‘ืฉืขืช ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ื“ื™ ืงืœืึทืกืกื™ืคื™ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ืึธื ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ C&C ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ, ืึท ืกืึทืกืคึผื™ืฉืึทืก ืคืึทืจืœืขื ื’ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ืึธื˜ืขืจื™ื™ื–ื“ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ. ื‘ืึทื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ื ืข, ืึท ืกื›ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ืึทืžืึทืœืึทืก ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ืงืœืึทืกืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืงืึทื˜ืขื’ืึธืจื™ืขืก, ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ.

ืึธื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงื˜ ืžืึธื“ืขืœื™ื ื’. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ื™ื™ืคึผืึทื˜ืึทืกืึทืก ืึทื– ืึท ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ื›ื™ื™ืคืขืฅ ืื™ื– ืฉืขื“ืœืขืš ื™ืงืกื™ื“ื– ื“ื™ ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืœ, ืึท ืกืึทืงืึธื ืข ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉืœืืกืŸ. ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืง ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ื ืคืœื•ืึทื ืกื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืคึฟื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืึท ืกืึทืงืึธื ืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืกืึทืงืึธื ืข ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื“ื™ืกืงืจืขื˜ืข ืœืึทื ื’-ื˜ืขืจืžื™ืŸ ืžืึธื“ืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ื™ื™ืคืขืฅ. ื•ื•ื™ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืึทืงื™ื•ืžื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฅ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜, ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื™ื™ื“ืขื ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ื ื™ื™ึท ื˜ืจืขืฅ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืœ ืื™ื– ืจื™ื˜ืฉื˜. ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืœ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ื ืึทืžื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื™ื ื˜ืขืœื™ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื˜ืœื™ ืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืกื˜ื™ื“ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึทืงืึธื ืข ืจื™ื–ื™ืงื™ืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช. ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื, ื“ื™ ืกืึทืงืึธื ืข ืื•ื™ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื˜ืึทืคืœื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคืขืจื“ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืžื“ืจื’ื”.

ืžื“ืจื’ื” 3. ื‘ืึทืฆื™ื•ื ื’ ืžืึธื“ืขืœื™ื ื’

ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฆื™ื•ื ื’ ืžืึธื“ืขืœื™ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืกื™ื ื˜ืึทืกื™ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ืœืขื•ื•ืขืœืก ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืœืื‘ืืœืข ืคึผืขืจืกืคึผืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•, ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื’ืข ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื’ืœืื‘ืืœืข ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืง ืื™ื ืฆื™ื“ืขื ื˜. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ื ืข ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœืข ืึธืจื’ืึทื ืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืคึผืœืึธื ื˜ืขืจื˜ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืกื“ืจ ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทื™ืžืขื“ ืกืคึผืึทืกื™ืคื™ืงืœื™ ืฆื• ืื™ืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืœืื‘ืืœืข ืงืืžืคืื ื™ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขื›ืืคื˜.

ื™ื ืกื™ื“ืขื ืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ืกืงืึทื•ื•ืขืจื“. ื ื•ื•ืขืจืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ืื™ื ืฆื™ื“ืขื ื˜ ื™ืžืคึผืœื™ื™ื– 99 ืฆื• 100% ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ื˜ืขืงื ื™ืงืก ืื•ืŸ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทืžืฃ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข (ื’ืœืื‘ืืœืข) ื•ื•ืึธื’. ื“ื™ื˜ืขืงื˜ืขื“ ื™ื ืกื™ื“ืึทื ืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ืขื›ืกื˜ ื˜ืึทืจื’ืขื˜ืขื“ ืงืืžืคืื ื™ืข. ืคืึทืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื ื’ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื•ืกื˜ ืœื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืžืฃ, ืฉืคึผืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ. ื–ื™ื™ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ื ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืึทื’ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื•ื• ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจ ืึทื˜ืึทืงื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึธืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืงืืžืคืื ื™ืข ืื™ื– ื˜ืึทืจื’ืึทื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜. ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื™ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืŸ, ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื™ื ืกืึทื“ืึทื ืฅ ืคื™ืœ ื™ืงืกื™ื“ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื˜ืขืงื˜ืึทื“ ืึธื ืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืึทื– ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื™ื ืกืึทื“ืึทื ืฅ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ืฆื™ืขืŸ ืคื™ืœ ืงืึธืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทื˜ืึทืงืขืจื–, ื‘ืฉืขืช ื“ื™ื˜ืขืงื˜ืึทื“ ื™ื ืกืึทื“ืึทื ืฅ ื˜ืึธืŸ.
ื˜ื™ื™ึทืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื™ึท ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืกื˜ืึทืžื™ื™ื–ื“. ื“ื•ืจืš ืงืจื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื™ื ืกืึทื“ืึทื ืฅ, ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผื™ืœ 'ืก ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืง ืื™ื– ืœืขืกืึธืฃ ืฉื™ืคื˜ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ืคืขื ื“ืขืจื–, ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืึท ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ึทืœืข.

ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื ื’ ืขืก
ืžื•ืœื˜ื™-ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื ืขื•ืจืึทืœ ืงืฉืจ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ETA

ื’ืœืื‘ืืœืข ืจื™ื–ื™ืงื™ืจืŸ ืžืึทืคึผืข

ื“ื™ ื’ืœืื‘ืืœืข ืจื™ื–ื™ืงื™ืจืŸ ืžืึทืคึผืข ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทืžื– ืฆื• ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทืกืขืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื“ื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืข. ืขืก ื’ื™ื˜ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจืึทืœ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขืฅ, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื•ื™ื‘ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜. ืึทื–ืึท ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื ืคืืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ื•ื“ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึท "ืฉื•ื•ืึทืจืฅ ืจืฉื™ืžื”", ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึท ืคื•ืœืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืงืฉื™ื ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’. ื“ื™ ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืกื˜ืขืœื˜ื•ื•ืึทื˜ื˜ืฉ ืก ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื˜ืขืงื˜ืึธืจืก ืื•ืŸ ืงืœืึทืกืึทืคื™ื™ืขืจื– ืฆื• ืึทืงื™ืขืจืึทื˜ืœื™ ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืกื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืจื™ื–ื™ืงื™ืจืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื–ืึท ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก.

ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ืขืŸ ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืงืึทืจื“ืก ื“ืึธ.

ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื ื’ ืขืก
ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืžืึทืคึผืข ืžื™ื˜ 460 ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ IP ืึทื“ืจืขืกืขืก

ืื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ ืœืขืจื ื– ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื™ืฆืŸ ืื™ื™ืขืจ ื ืขืฅ.

ืฆื•ื ืกื•ืฃ, ืึท ืคึผืึทื ืึทืกื™ืึท ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ?

ืœื™ื™ื“ืขืจ, ืงื™ื™ืŸ. ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ืื™ืš ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืึทื– ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ 2 ื’ืœืื‘ืืœืข ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก.

ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื 1. ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื–. ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ื ืขืฅ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืคึผืœื•ื™ื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืกื™ืกืงืึธ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื’ื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜. ื“ื™ ื’ื•ื˜ืข ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื™ื– ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืึทืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทื’ื– ื•ื•ื™ D-Link, MikroTik, ืขื˜ืง. ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื•ื ืกื™ื™ื“ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืจื™ื–ื™ืง ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื. ืงืึทื ืกื™ื“ืขืจื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืฉ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึท ืจื™ื™ึทืš ื‘ืึทื–ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืคื™ืจืžืข ืึธื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ืง ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื ืขื  ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขื ื ืก.

ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื 2: ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื ืขื•ืจืึทืœ ื ืขืฅ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืขืงืกื™ืกื˜ื™ืจื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืกื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ. ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทื˜ืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืงืึทืœ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืง (ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืคืึธืจืžื™ื•ืœื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผื™ืจืกืึธืŸ ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืขืจื“ื–ืฉืึทื ืก ืงืจื™ื˜ืขืจื™ืึธืŸ), ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื”ืึทืœื‘ ืžื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ. ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืฉืžืึธืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœื˜ืขืจื™ื ื’ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคึฟื™ืœื• ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืึทืกื˜ืขืจื“ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืืงืื ื˜.

ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ื“ื™ 2 ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก, ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ืขืฅ ืฉื•ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธื•ื˜ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืขืฅ ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ื ืขื•ืจืึทืœ ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืึท ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึทืžืึทืกื™ื ื’ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’.

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’