ืึธื˜ืึทืžื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืก ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ ืกืกืœ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ื ื™ืฆืŸ DNS-01 ืึทืจื•ื™ืกืจื•ืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ AWS

ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืกื˜ืŸ ื‘ืืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืกื˜ืขืคึผืก ืฆื• ืึธื˜ืึทืžื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ SSL ืกืขืจื˜ื™ืคื™ืงืึทืฅ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื–ืืœ ืก ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ CA ื ื™ืฆืŸ DNS-01 ืึทืจื•ื™ืกืจื•ืคืŸ ะธ ืึทื•ื•ืก.

acme-dns-route53 ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ึทื’ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื• ื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืžืขื ื˜ ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ืจื™ืš. ืขืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ SSL ืกืขืจื˜ื™ืคื™ืงืึทืฅ ืคึฟื•ืŸ Let's Encrypt, ืฉืคึผืึธืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ Amazon Certificate Manager, ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ Route53 API ืฆื• ื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืžืขื ื˜ ื“ื™ DNS-01 ืึทืจื•ื™ืกืจื•ืคืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืกืึธืฃ ืฉื˜ื•ืคึผืŸ ื ืึธื•ื˜ืึทืคืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืฆื• SNS. ืื™ืŸ acme-dns-route53 ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืึท ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜-ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ AWS Lambda, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ.

ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืื™ื– ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ 4 ืกืขืงืฉืึทื ื–:

  • ืงืจื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืคืึทืจืฉืœืขืกืœืขืŸ ื˜ืขืงืข;
  • ืงืจื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึทืŸ IAM ืจืึธืœืข;
  • ืงืจื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืœืึทืžื‘ื“ืึท ืคึฟื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ acme-dns-route53;
  • ืงืจื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืงืœืึธื•ื“ื•ื•ืึทื˜ื˜ืฉ ื˜ื™ื™ึทืžืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ืจื™ื’ืขืจื– ืึท ืคึฟื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข 2 ืžืืœ ืคึผืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’;

ื ืื˜ื™ืฅ: ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ GoLang 1.9+ ะธ AWS CLI

ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจืฉืœืขืกืœืขืŸ ื˜ืขืงืข

acme-dns-route53 ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ GoLang ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ื ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ 1.9.

ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจืฉืœืขืกืœืขืŸ ื˜ืขืงืข ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจื™ acme-dns-route53 ืื™ื ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืง. ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก, ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ acme-dns-route53 ืคึฟื•ืŸ GitHub ืจื™ืคึผืึทื–ืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืคึฟืขืœ go install:

$ env GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 go install github.com/begmaroman/acme-dns-route53

ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจื™ ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ $GOPATH/bin ื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืขืจ. ื‘ื™ื˜ืข ื˜ืึธืŸ ืึทื– ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื™ื™ึทื ืžืึธื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืžื™ืจ ืกืคึผืขืกื™ืคื™ืขื“ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืจืึทื ืžืึทื ืฅ: GOOS=linux ะธ GOARCH=amd64. ื–ื™ื™ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืขืก ืงืœืึธืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ Go ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื™ืœืขืจ ืึทื– ืขืก ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจื™ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก ืึทืก ืื•ืŸ ืึทืžื“64 ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ - ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ AWS.
AWS ื™ืงืกืคึผืขืงืฅ ืึทื– ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืคึผืœื•ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจืฉืœืขืกืœืขืŸ ื˜ืขืงืข, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ acme-dns-route53.zip ืึทืจืงื™ื™ื•ื• ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืึทื ื˜ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ ืื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจื™:

$ zip -j ~/acme-dns-route53.zip $GOPATH/bin/acme-dns-route53

ื ืื˜ื™ืฅ: ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจื™ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืจืฆืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉืœืขืกืœืขืŸ ืึทืจืงื™ื™ื•ื•. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืžื™ืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ -j ืคืึธืŸ.

ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฉืœืขืกืœืขืŸ ื ื™ืงืงื ืึทืžืข ืื™ื– ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ืคึผืœื•ื™ืžืึทื ื˜, ืึทืœืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืึท ืจืึธืœืข ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืจืขื›ื˜.

ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืึทืŸ IAM ืจืึธืœืข

ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึทืŸ IAM ืจืึธืœืข ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืœืึทืžื‘ื“ืึท ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’.
ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืง lambda-acme-dns-route53-executor ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื“ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ืจืึธืœืข AWSLambdaBasicExecutionRole. ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืœืึทืžื‘ื“ืึท ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืœืึธื’ืก ืฆื• ื“ื™ AWS CloudWatch ื“ื™ื ืกื˜.
ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ, ืžื™ืจ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืึท JSON ื˜ืขืงืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืจืขื›ื˜. ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ืงืœื™ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืœืึทืžื‘ื“ืึท ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืก ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึธืœืข lambda-acme-dns-route53-executor:

$ touch ~/lambda-acme-dns-route53-executor-policy.json

ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืข ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ ื’ื™ื™ื˜:

{
    "Version": "2012-10-17",
    "Statement": [
        {
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "logs:CreateLogGroup"
            ],
            "Resource": "arn:aws:logs:<AWS_REGION>:<AWS_ACCOUNT_ID>:*"
        },
        {
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "logs:PutLogEvents",
                "logs:CreateLogStream"
            ],
            "Resource": "arn:aws:logs:<AWS_REGION>:<AWS_ACCOUNT_ID>:log-group:/aws/lambda/acme-dns-route53:*"
        },
        {
            "Sid": "",
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "route53:ListHostedZones",
                "cloudwatch:PutMetricData",
                "acm:ImportCertificate",
                "acm:ListCertificates"
            ],
            "Resource": "*"
        },
        {
            "Sid": "",
            "Effect": "Allow",
            "Action": [
                "sns:Publish",
                "route53:GetChange",
                "route53:ChangeResourceRecordSets",
                "acm:ImportCertificate",
                "acm:DescribeCertificate"
            ],
            "Resource": [
                "arn:aws:sns:${var.region}:<AWS_ACCOUNT_ID>:<TOPIC_NAME>",
                "arn:aws:route53:::hostedzone/*",
                "arn:aws:route53:::change/*",
                "arn:aws:acm:<AWS_REGION>:<AWS_ACCOUNT_ID>:certificate/*"
            ]
        }
    ]
}

ืื™ืฆื˜ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืคึฟืขืœ aws iam create-role ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืึท ืจืึธืœืข:

$ aws iam create-role --role-name lambda-acme-dns-route53-executor 
 --assume-role-policy-document ~/lambda-acme-dns-route53-executor-policy.json

ื ืื˜ื™ืฅ: ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืง ARN (Amazon Resource Name) - ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืกื˜ืขืคึผืก.

ืจืึธืœืข lambda-acme-dns-route53-executor ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ, ืื™ืฆื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืคึผืขืจืžื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขืก. ื“ื™ ื™ื–ื™ืึทืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืคึฟืขืœ aws iam attach-role-policy, ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื‘ื™ื™ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืง ืึทืจืŸ AWSLambdaBasicExecutionRole ื•ื•ื™ ื’ื™ื™ื˜:

$ aws iam attach-role-policy --role-name lambda-acme-dns-route53-executor 
--policy-arn arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/service-role/AWSLambdaBasicExecutionRole

ื ืื˜ื™ืฅ: ืึท ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืžื™ื˜ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืคึผืึทืœืึทืกื™ื– ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ.

ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืึท ืœืึทืžื‘ื“ืึท ืคึฟื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ acme-dns-route53

ื”ืืจื™ื™! ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆืขื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ืฆื• AWS ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทืคึฟืขืœ aws lambda create-function. ื“ื™ ืœืึทืžื‘ื“ืึท ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื™ืึทื‘ืึทืœื–:

  • AWS_LAMBDA - ืžืื›ื˜ ืขืก ืงืœืึธืจ acme-dns-route53 ืึทื– ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืึทืงืขืจื– ืื™ืŸ AWS Lambda.
  • DOMAINS - ืึท ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธื•ืžื™ื™ื ื– ืืคื’ืขืฉื™ื™ื“ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืงืึธืžืข.
  • LETSENCRYPT_EMAIL - ื›ึผื•ืœืœ ื–ืืœ ืก ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ E- ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•.
  • NOTIFICATION_TOPIC - ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ SNS ืึธื ื–ืึธื’ ื˜ืขืžืข (ืึทืคึผืฉืึทื ืึทืœ).
  • STAGING - ื‘ื™ื™ึท ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ 1 ืกื˜ืึทื’ื™ื ื’ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜.
  • 1024 ืžื‘ - ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ, ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจืขื ื“ืขืจื˜.
  • 900 ืกืขืง (15 ืžื™ื ื•ื˜) - ื˜ื™ื™ืžืึทื•ื˜.
  • acme-dns-route53 โ€” ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจื™, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจืงื™ื™ื•ื•.
  • fileb://~/acme-dns-route53.zip โ€” ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื•ื ืืจื›ื™ื•ื• ื•ื•ืืก ืžื™ืจ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ.

ืื™ืฆื˜ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆืขื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ:

$ aws lambda create-function 
 --function-name acme-dns-route53 
 --runtime go1.x 
 --role arn:aws:iam::<AWS_ACCOUNT_ID>:role/lambda-acme-dns-route53-executor 
 --environment Variables="{AWS_LAMBDA=1,DOMAINS="example1.com,example2.com",[email protected],STAGING=0,NOTIFICATION_TOPIC=acme-dns-route53-obtained}" 
 --memory-size 1024 
 --timeout 900 
 --handler acme-dns-route53 
 --zip-file fileb://~/acme-dns-route53.zip

 {
     "FunctionName": "acme-dns-route53", 
     "LastModified": "2019-05-03T19:07:09.325+0000", 
     "RevisionId": "e3fadec9-2180-4bff-bb9a-999b1b71a558", 
     "MemorySize": 1024, 
     "Environment": {
         "Variables": {
            "DOMAINS": "example1.com,example2.com", 
            "STAGING": "1", 
            "LETSENCRYPT_EMAIL": "[email protected]", 
            "NOTIFICATION_TOPIC": "acme-dns-route53-obtained", 
            "AWS_LAMBDA": "1"
         }
     }, 
     "Version": "$LATEST", 
     "Role": "arn:aws:iam::<AWS_ACCOUNT_ID>:role/lambda-acme-dns-route53-executor", 
     "Timeout": 900, 
     "Runtime": "go1.x", 
     "TracingConfig": {
         "Mode": "PassThrough"
     }, 
     "CodeSha256": "+2KgE5mh5LGaOsni36pdmPP9O35wgZ6TbddspyaIXXw=", 
     "Description": "", 
     "CodeSize": 8456317,
"FunctionArn": "arn:aws:lambda:us-east-1:<AWS_ACCOUNT_ID>:function:acme-dns-route53", 
     "Handler": "acme-dns-route53"
 }

ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืึท ืงืœืึธื•ื“ื•ื•ืึทื˜ื˜ืฉ ื˜ื™ื™ึทืžืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ืจื™ื’ืขืจื– ืึท ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข 2 ืžืืœ ืคึผืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’

ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฉืจื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ Cron, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจื•ืคื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืึธืœ ืคึผืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’:

  • ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืึท CloudWatch ื”ืขืจืฉืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ schedule_expression.
  • ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืึท ื”ืขืจืฉืŸ ืฆื™ืœ (ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืงืกืึทืงื™ื•ื˜ืึทื“) ื“ื•ืจืš ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ARN ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืึทืžื‘ื“ืึท ืคึฟื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข.
  • ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื”ืขืจืฉืŸ ืฆื• ืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืึทืžื‘ื“ืึท ืคึฟื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข.

ื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึทื˜ืึทื˜ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืจืึทืคืึธืจื ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื˜ืืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ AWS ืงืึทื ืกืึธื•ืœ ืึธื“ืขืจ AWS CLI.

# Cloudwatch event rule that runs acme-dns-route53 lambda every 12 hours
resource "aws_cloudwatch_event_rule" "acme_dns_route53_sheduler" {
  name                = "acme-dns-route53-issuer-scheduler"
  schedule_expression = "cron(0 */12 * * ? *)"
}

# Specify the lambda function to run
resource "aws_cloudwatch_event_target" "acme_dns_route53_sheduler_target" {
  rule = "${aws_cloudwatch_event_rule.acme_dns_route53_sheduler.name}"
  arn  = "${aws_lambda_function.acme_dns_route53.arn}"
}

# Give CloudWatch permission to invoke the function
resource "aws_lambda_permission" "permission" {
  action        = "lambda:InvokeFunction"
  function_name = "${aws_lambda_function.acme_dns_route53.function_name}"
  principal     = "events.amazonaws.com"
  source_arn    = "${aws_cloudwatch_event_rule.acme_dns_route53_sheduler.arn}"
}

ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื“ ืฆื• ืื•ื™ื˜ืึธืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉ ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืกืกืœ ืกืขืจื˜ื™ืคื™ืงืึทืฅ

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’