ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ, ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ

ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ืœื™ื™ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื - ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื ืึทืงืขื˜ ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืึท ืคื•ืœ-ืคืœืขื“ื–ืฉื“ ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื– ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืคื•ืœ-ืคืœืขื“ื–ืฉื“ ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื. ืึทื– ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืœืึทื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ื˜ Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืึทื– ื ื™ืฆืขืจืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืกืขืจื˜ืึทืคื™ื™ื“, ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืขื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืจื™ื™ื–-ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื–. ืงืึทื˜ืขืจ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ (ืงืึธื ื˜ืึทื™ื ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ) RHEL ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื”ืึธืกืฅ RHEL ื’ื™ื˜ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืจืึทื ืžืึทื ืฅ, ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื. ืื™ืจ ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืฆื• ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืงื•ื ื” ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื˜ืขืฃ ืžื™ื˜ Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ, ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ

ืื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืึทืœืฅ ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ

ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ Red Hat Universal Base Image (UBI), ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ืœื™ื™ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™, ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืึทืžื˜ืขืจ Red Hat ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ, ืฆื™ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ืึทื‘ืึธื ืขืžืขื ื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜. ื“ืขื ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืึท ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื™ื™ื–ื“ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ UBI, ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. Red Hat Universal Base Image ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ, ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื™ื™ื–ื“ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข - ื•ื•ื• ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜.

ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ, ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ

ืžื™ื˜ UBI, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื ืคืจืึทืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ Red Hat ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืก ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ Red Hat OpenShift ืื•ืŸ Red Hat Enterprise Linux, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื‘ืขื ืขืคื™ืฅ (ืžืขืจ ื’ืึธืœื“!). ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ืžืึทืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• ืึท ืžืขืจ ื“ื™ื˜ื™ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ UBI, ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึท ืงื•ืจืฅ FAQ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก RHEL ืึทื‘ืึธื ืขืžืขื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืืจืฃ. ืึทื–ื•ื™, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื›ืึทืคึผืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึท UBI ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ RHEL / OpenShift ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืข?

ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ, ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืึทื– ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจืงื•ื™ืฃ, ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืจืขื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื“ืขื˜ืึทืœ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ UBI

ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ UBI

ื•ื•ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืจ ืคื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืึทื– UBI ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื•ืฅ ืื™ืจ:

  • ืžื™ื™ึทืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข
  • ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึทื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืึท ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ื‘ืึทื–ืข ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืขื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืจื™ื™ื–-ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืœื™ื™ืคืกื™ื™ืง
  • ืžื™ื™ึทืŸ ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงืฅ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืงื•ื‘ืขืจื ืขื˜ืขืก ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืฆื• ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึทืกื˜ืึทืžืขืจื– / ืกื•ืฃ ื ื™ืฆืขืจืก
  • ืžื™ื™ึทืŸ ืงืึทืกื˜ืึทืžืขืจื– ื–ื™ื™ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื ืขืžื•ื ื’-ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืจืขื“ ื”ืึทื˜ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข
  • ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื”ืœ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืฆื• ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ, ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ, ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืงืึทื ื˜ืึทืžืึทื ื™ื™ื–ื“ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืžืžืฉ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื•ื

ืื•ื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ื™ึท ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื ืขืจื™ืึธื•ื– ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืื™ืจ, ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ UBI.

ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึท ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ื‘ื™ืœื“

UBI ืื™ื– ืงืœืขื ืขืจืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืคื•ืœ-ืคืœืขื“ื–ืฉื“ ืึทืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ UBI ื”ืื˜ ื“ืจื™ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื˜ื™ื ื’ื–:

  1. ื ืกื›ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ ื‘ืึทื–ืข ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ (ubi, ubi-minimal, ubi-init)
  2. ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ืง ืจื•ื ื˜ื™ืžืข ื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืจืึทื ืžืึทื ืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทื›ืŸ (ื ืึธื“ืขื“ื–ืฉืก, ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ, ืคึผื™ื˜ื”ืึธืŸ, ืคืคึผ, ืคึผืขืจืœ, ืืื–"ื• ื•)
  3. ื ืกื›ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืขื ืข ืคึผืึทืงืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ YUM ืจื™ืคึผืึทื–ืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ื“ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ืึทื ืกื™ื–

ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ, ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ

UBI ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื™ืงืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ืึธืœืงืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื–. ื›ืœ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ UBI ืื™ื– ืึท ืกื•ื‘ืกืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ RHEL. ืึทืœืข ืคึผืึทืงืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ืื™ืŸ UBI ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš RHEL ื˜ืฉืึทื ืึทืœื– ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ืขื ืœืขืš ืฆื• RHEL ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืœื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ Red Hat ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืก ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ OpenShift ืื•ืŸ RHEL.

ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ, ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ

ื™ื ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื’ ื”ื•ื™ืš-ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื– ืจื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืจื– ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื™ืจื–, ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืกืคึผืขืฉืึทืœืึทืกืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื ืึธืš ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืจื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืจื– ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื–ืข ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก.

ืฆื• ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืกืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืึทืคึผื’ืจื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื’, Red Hat ืื™ื– ืคึผืจืึธื•ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœื™ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืึทื– UBI 7 ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ RHEL 8 ืžื—ื ื•ืช, ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืื•ืŸ UBI 8 ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ RHEL 7 ื”ืึธืกืฅ. ื“ืึธืก ื’ื™ื˜ ื™ื•ื–ืขืจื– ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื’ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜, ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก. , ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืข ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธืกืฅ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜. ืื™ืฆื˜ ืึทืœืข ื“ืขื ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ึท ืคึผืจืึทื“ื–ืฉืขืงืก.

ื“ืจื™ื™ ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ

ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ, ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ

ืžื™ื ื™ืžืึทืœ - ื“ื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ืึทื ืกื™ื– (Python, Node.js, .NET, ืขื˜ืง.)

  • ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืขื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœืœืขื“ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜
  • ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื ืขืงืกืขืงื•ื˜ืึทื‘ืœืขืก
  • ืžื™ื ื™ืžืึทืœ ืคึผืขืงืœ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ืขืจ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจื•ื ื’, ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’)

ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืข - ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคืœื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ RHEL

  • OpenSSL ื™ื•ื ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ืกื˜ืึทืง
  • ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื™ืึทื ืึธื ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ
  • ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ืึทืก ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื– ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ (tar, gzip, vi, ืขื˜ืง.)

ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืก - ืžืื›ื˜ ืขืก ื’ืจื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืงื™ื™ืคืœ ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืก ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ

  • ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื“ ืฆื• ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืกื˜ืึทืจื˜ืึทืคึผ
  • ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื ืข

ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ืง ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ืจื•ื ื˜ื™ืžืข ื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืจืึทื ืžืึทื ืฅ

ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื–ืข ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ, UBIs ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืคืึทืจ-ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ืง ืจื•ื ื˜ื™ืžืข ื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืจืึทื ืžืึทื ืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทื›ืŸ. ืคื™ืœืข ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›ืึทืคึผืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ.

ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ UBI, Red Hat ืึธืคืคืขืจืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ - ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ RHEL 7 ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ RHEL 8. ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ Red Hat Software Collections (RHEL 7) ืื•ืŸ Application Streams (RHEL 8), ืจื™ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœื™. ื“ื™ ืจื•ื ื˜ื™ืžืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• ืคื™ืจ ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคึผืขืจ ื™ืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืกื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืขืก.

ื“ืึธ ืื™ื– ืึท ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ UBI 7 ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ:

ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ, ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ

ื“ืึธ ืื™ื– ืึท ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ UBI 8:

ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ, ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ

ืึทืกืกืึธืกื™ืึทื˜ืขื“ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื–

ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ืง ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื˜ืึทืงืข ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืงื•ื•ืขื. Red Hat ื”ืืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹RHEL, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ CVE ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืืจืขื›ื˜ื™ื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืง RHEL ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืง ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ.

ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ, ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžืืœ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืึท ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ืื™ืจ ืงืขืŸ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืึท ื ืึธืš ืคึผืขืงืœ. ืึธื“ืขืจ, ืžืืœ, ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ, ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ืคึผืขืงืœ. ื“ืขืจืคึฟืึทืจ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ UBI ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ RPMs ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืจืขื›ื˜ื™ื’ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื™ื•ื, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฉื ืขืœ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขื›ืกื˜ ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืขืงืกืคึผืจืขืก ื ืขืฅ (ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืขืงืœ!). ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึท ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ / ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทืงื˜ื“ื™ืกืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ื ื˜, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืึทื– ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ.

RHEL ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื™ืกื•ื“

ืžื™ืจ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ืžื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื™ืคึผื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึทื– RHEL ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื™ืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ. ืฆื™ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ื™ืžื– ืื™ืŸ Red Hat ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงืจื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื‘ืึทื–ืข ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ? ืœืžืฉืœ:

  • ืื™ื ื–ืฉืขื ื™ืจื™ืข ืžืึทื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจื˜ืœืขืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ื ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื’ ืึทื– ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืœื™ื™ื‘ืจืขืจื™ื– ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ glibc ืื•ืŸ OpenSSL, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ืจื•ื ื˜ื™ืžื– ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ Python ืื•ืŸ Ruby, ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื˜ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ืœื™ื™ืึทื‘ืœื™ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืงืœืึธื•ื“ื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื–.
  • ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืžืึทื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจื˜ืœืขืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืง ืงืขืจืขืงืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจืจืึธืจืก ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ื™ืฉื•ื– ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื‘ืจืขืจื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืจืึทื ืžืึทื ืฅ, ื“ื™ ื™ืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื ืึทืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ืึทืกืกืขืกืกืขื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืื™ื ื“ืขืงืก. ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืื™ื ื“ืขืงืก ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’.
  • ื ืงืึธืœืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ ืžืึทื ืึทื“ื–ืฉืขืจื– ืื•ืŸ ืขื ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื™ืจื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื“ืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ืฆื• ืึทื“ื™ื ื’ ื ื™ื™ึท ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื’ ืึท ืœืึทื ื’ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ ืœื™ื™ืคืกื™ื™ืง, ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื ื•ื•ืขืกืžืึทื ื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ.

Red Hat Enterprise Linux ืžืื›ื˜ ืึท ื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื–, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคื™ืœืข ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ื ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืก ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืงืึทืกืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื• ื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกืึทืœ UBI ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืจืึทื˜ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ.

ื–ืืœ ืก ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ื ืข, ืื™ืจ 'ืจืข ื ืึธืจ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื‘ืึทื–ืข ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืฆื• ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื™ื™ื–ื“ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ. ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทืš ืคื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ืึทืœืึธื ืข ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื– ืคืœื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืžืึธื˜ืึธืจ ืฆื• ืึท ื•ื•ืึธืœืงืŸ-ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืกืขืจื˜ืึทืคื™ื™ื™ื ื’ ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื– ืคืœื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ OpenShift. ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืœ, UBI ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึท ื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ื™ืงืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื.

ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ, ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ

ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื– ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ืœื™ื™ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืคึผืึทืงืงืึทื’ื™ื ื’ ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜. ื“ื™ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ UBI ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื™ื ื“ืึทืกื˜ืจื™ ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ืึทืจื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึธื ื˜ืึทื™ื ื™ื™ื–ื“ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžืื›ื˜ ืคืึทืจื ืขืžื•ื ื’ ืงืœืึทืก ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื– ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืฆื• ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ, ืคืจื™ื™ึท ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึฟืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ืขืจื“ื™ื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื– ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–, ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ Kubernetes ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื–. ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทื ื™ืขืก ื ื™ืฆืŸ UBI ืื•ื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึทืงืกืขืก ืฆื• Red Hat Container Certification ืื•ืŸ Red Hat OpenShift Operator Certification, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืจ ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจื“ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขืจืึทืคืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ืคืœื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ Red Hat ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืก ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ OpenShift.

ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ, ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ

ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื‘ื™ืœื“

ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจืฅ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคึผืฉื•ื˜. ืคึผืึธื“ืžืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ืืจืขื›ื˜ื™ื’ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ RHEL, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ Fedora, CentOS ืื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืฉืึทื ื–. ื›ืœ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ืืจืืคืงืืคื™ืข ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ืจื™ืคึผืึทื–ืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื’ื•ื˜ ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ.

ืคึฟืึทืจ UBI 8:

podman pull registry.access.redhat.com/ubi8/ubi
podman pull registry.access.redhat.com/ubi8/ubi-minimal
podman pull registry.access.redhat.com/ubi8/ubi-init

ืคึฟืึทืจ UBI 7:

podman pull registry.access.redhat.com/ubi7/ubi
podman pull registry.access.redhat.com/ubi7/ubi-minimal
podman pull registry.access.redhat.com/ubi7/ubi-init

ื ื•, ื˜ืฉืขืง ื“ื™ ืคื•ืœ ื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกืึทืœ ื‘ืึทืกืข ื‘ื™ืœื“ ื’ื™ื™ื“

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’