ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืกื™ืœืึธื•ื•ื™ืงื™ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืกื™ืœืึธื•ื•ื™ืงื™ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืกkdpv - ืจืขื•ื˜ืขืจืก

ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื“ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืึท ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ, ืื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืœ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื. ื“ืขื ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืึทื– ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื“ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืคืึธื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจืžืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื–ืขืฅ.

ืื™ืจ ื˜ืึทืงืข ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ืœืึธื’ืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ืจื™ื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจ ืขืก ื™ื– ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื“ืขืืœ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื™ืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึธื•ื ื– ื“ื™ ื›ื™ื™ืคึผืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ. ืื‘ืขืจ ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืจืขื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ืกืงืก ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ. ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคึผืจืึธืงืึทื˜ ืงืึทืจืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ืึธืจืคืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืขืก ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืœื™ืง. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื™ืงืกื˜ืจืึทืงืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก.

ืกืึทืงืึธื ืข ืžืึธื“ืขืœ

ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื”ืขืจืฉืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœ ื•ื•ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ื“ื•ืจืš ื’ืขื–ืขืฅ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืึทืžื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื˜ืืจื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืึทืงืกืขืก ืœืึธื’ืก, ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ืึทืžืคึผืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืžืืฉื™ื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ื–. ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืขืจ ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ืึธื›ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ื“ื™ืกืงืก ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืงืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืขืก.

ืจืขื’ืึทืจื“ืœืขืกืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืฆืขื ืึทืจ, ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืฆื™ืœ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ืฆื• ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ึทืขืจ. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื•ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ ื“ืจื™ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืกืึทืงืึธื ืข ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืขืก.

ื‘ืึทืึทืžื˜ืขืจ

ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืึธืคื˜, ืึท ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืึทืžื˜ืขืจ ืึธืคื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืกื˜ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคืึธื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืง ืจืขื’ื•ืœื™ืจืŸ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื˜ืืŸ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง, ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ื’ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืึทืงืกืขืก ืœืึธื’ืก ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืึทืžื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื˜ืืจื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ. ื™ื•ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ ื–ื™ื™ ื ืึธืจ ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืฉื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ.

ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืžืึธืœ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืœืขื’ืึทืžืจืข ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง, ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืฅ ืขื ืคืึธืจืกืžืึทื ื˜ ื™ื™ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ืกื™ื– ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื“ืขื“ืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืœื™.

ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ, ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทืงืกืขืก ืฆื• ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ ืคืึทืจืžืึธื’, ืงืึทื ื“ืึทืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึธื ืคึฟืจืขื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ ืจื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืจื– ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืงืขืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื•ื™ืกืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ืึท ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืึทืจืขื›ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืขืงืกืึทืงื™ื•ื˜ืึทื“ ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ืจืขื’ื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ื– ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜. ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืึทื ืกื™ื– ืฉื™ื™ึทื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคึผื™ืงื™ื•ืœื™ืขืจืึทื˜ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื’ืข ื’ืขืกืขืฆ - ื’ืขื‘ื•ื ื’. ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื–ืึทืš ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืึทื– ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืึทืžื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื™ื– ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง, ื“ื™ ืจืขืคึผืจื™ื–ืขื ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจ ืขืก ื™ื– ืคืึทืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืึทื ื’.

ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืฆื™ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืคืœื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื•ื™ืกืจื™ื›ื˜. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“, ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขื ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ 2018, ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ 183 ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื•ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ืžื™ื ืึทืœ ืคึผืจืึทืกื™ื“ื–ืฉืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข ืคืขื“ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 3.1, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขืจืึทื ื˜ื™ื“ ืึทื– ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ืึท ืคืึทืจื›ืึทืคึผื•ื ื’, ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื›ืึทืคึผื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ื™ืฉ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืžื™ื“ื™ืึท ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžื•ืžื›ืข. ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขื’ืึทืœ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื›ืืคื˜ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ื™ืฉ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืžื™ื“ื™ืึท ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™, ื“ืขืจ ืžื•ืžื›ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ืกืึทืคึผื™ื™ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื›ืึทืคึผื•ื ื’, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ื™ึทื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื“ื•ืช, ืงืึทืคึผื™ื– ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื’ืขื›ืืคื˜ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ื™ืฉ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืžื™ื“ื™ืึท ืฆื• ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ื™ืฉ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืžื™ื“ื™ืึท.

ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš, ืœื™ื™ื“ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืคื•ื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืึทื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ.

ืกื•ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ืึทืคื™ืฉืึทืœ

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืจื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื“ ืงืึทืžืจืึทื“ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ NSA, FBI, MI5 ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื“ืจื™ื™- ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืขืก. ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืึธืคื˜, ื“ื™ ื’ืขืกืขืฆ - ื’ืขื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ ื’ื™ื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทื–ืึท ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจื–. ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืึท ืœืขื’ื™ืกืœืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ืžื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ ืึทื ื˜ืคึผืœืขืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ื•ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื–ืึท ื’ืขื–ืขืฅ ืขื ืคืึธืจืกืžืึทื ื˜ ื™ื™ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ืกื™ื–. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขื ืœืขืš ืึธื ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“ ืœืขื’ืึทืœ ื ืึธืจืžื–.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืกืึทืงืึธื ืข ืฆื• ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ, ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ. ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ืคืึทืจื›ืึทืคึผื•ื ื’, ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืึทื ืึทืคื™ืฉืึทืœ ืึทืจืกืขื ืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื“ืึธืจื–, ื ื•ืœ-ื˜ืึธื’ ื•ื•ืึทืœื ืขืจืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ื–, ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื™ืงืกื˜ืจืึทืงืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืจืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ, ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื‘ืœื™ื™ื“ื–ืฉื“ ืฆื• ืึทืจื•ื™ืฉืขืœืคืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืฅ ืขื ืคืึธืจืกืžืึทื ื˜ ืกืคึผืขืฉืึทืœืึทืกืฅ ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœ ื•ื•ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš.

ืึทื ืกืงืจื•ืคึผื™ืึทืœืึทืก ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ืขืจ

ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ื’ื•ื˜. ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืึทื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืึธืจืก ืงืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืขืงืกื˜ืจืข ื’ืขืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ. ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ื•ื•ืขืœืึทืคึผืžืึทื ืฅ ืึธืคืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื™ื˜. ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืึทื ื•ื™ื™ื ื’ ื–ืึทืš ืื™ื– ืึทื– ืึท ืึทื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืงืกืขืก ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœื™ื–ืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืงืึทื ืกืึธื•ืœ ื”ืื˜ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืืฉื™ื ืขืŸ. ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืจืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืขืก ืกืœืึธื•ืœื™.

VDS

ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ื”ืื˜ ืื™ืจ. ื•ื•ื™ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืžืขื ื˜ ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื™ืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš? ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜, ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ืึทืงืœื™ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜. ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืก ื“ืขื“ืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื ืกืขืจื˜ืึทื“.

ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืฆื• ืงืจืึธื ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช, ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืึทื ื˜ืจืึทืกื˜ื™ื“ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืžืขื ื˜ ื”ืึธืžืึธืžืึธืจืคื™ืง ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ, ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื˜ืืŸ. ืฆื•ื ื‘ืึทื“ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ, ื“ื™ ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจื›ืขื“ ืงืึธืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื™ื ื’ ืึทื–ืึท ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืึทื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ืขื“ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉืžืึธืœ ื˜ืึทืกืงืก.

ืคึผืœื•ืก, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืคืœื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื–, ืึทืœืข ื™ื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื•ืžื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฆื•ื˜ืจื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืฉื˜ืึทื˜, ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื“ื™ ืึทืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™. ื“ืขื ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืึทื– ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืงืกืขืก ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœื™ื–ืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืงืึทื ืกืึธื•ืœ, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืœื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืขืงืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืจืึทืŸ.

ืคื™ืœืข ื•ื•ืขื ื“ืึธืจืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืคืจื•ื•ื•ื˜ ืฆื• ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ื™ื™ึทื–ื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืจืึทืŸ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืึทื– ืืคื™ืœื• ื“ื™ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืงืกืขืก ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, Intel Software Guard Extensions ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืึทื“ืจืขืก ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขืงื˜ืขื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืก ื“ืขื ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืึทื–, ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืงืขืจืŸ. ืฆื•ื ื‘ืึทื“ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ, ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืึธืจ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื–, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ืขื“ ืฆื• ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ืง ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคื™ืœืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืขืงืกื™ืกื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืžืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข. ื ืึธืš, ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืžืืฉื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื•ืžื–ื™ื ื™ืง ื•ื•ื™ ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ.

ืžื™ืจ ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ VDS

ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืึท ืจืขื–ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ืึทื– ืึทืœืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึท ืคื•ืœ-ืคืœืขื“ื–ืฉื“ ืฉื•ืฅ. ื“ื™ ื›ื™ื™ืคึผืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืงืึธืคึผื™ืขืก ืึธืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืคึผืคึผื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜.

  • ืื•ื™ื‘, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคืขืจืก ืึท "ืงืึทืœื˜" ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ, ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืœืขืคื™ืขืจืขืš ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ืกืฆืขื ืึทืจ.
  • ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ื’ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืึท ืคื•ืœ ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืœื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ, ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜. ืึทืœืข ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธื•ื ื˜ืขื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื™ืŸ ืงืœืึธืจ ืคืึธืจืขื. ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืจื•ืžื– ื“ื•ืจืš ื‘ืึทืจืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ ืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืขื ืœืขืš ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ.

ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื“ื™ืคึผืœื•ื™ื“ ื“ื™ ืึทืก ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืึทื ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืœื“, ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืจืฆืœ ืึทืงืกืขืก. ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืึธื ืงืœืึทืคึผืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื“ื™ืึท ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืจืึทื˜ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืจืฆืœ ืคึผืึทืจืึธืœ ื“ื•ืจืš ื˜ืจืึธื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข. ืื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ืึท ืจืขื‘ืึธืึธื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜. ืคึผืœื•ืก, ืึทืœืข ืžืึธื•ื ื˜ืขื“ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจืžืื›ื˜.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืคึผืœื•ื™ืžืึทื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืึทื ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืœื“, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจ-ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ืœื“, ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ืึธืคื˜ ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืœื™ื“ื–ืฉื“ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืึทืจื•ื™ืฉืขืœืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื ื•ื™ื˜ืคืึทืœ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืฆื• ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืึท ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืจืฆืœ ืคึผืึทืจืึธืœ.

ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื“, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืง. ืึท ืึทื˜ืึทืงืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ื˜ืขืงืขืก ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ืžืึธื•ื ื˜ืขื“ ื–ื™ื™ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื˜ืขืงืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ. ื™ืึธ, ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืึธืจื™ืข, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืจืึทืŸ ื“ืึทืžืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ืขืงืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ืจื™ื•ื•ื™ืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึทื ืœื™ื™ืงืœื™ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ื˜ืขืงืข ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ.

ืกื“ืจ ืึท ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืกื™ืœืึธื•ื•ื™ืงื™ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก

ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื•ื•ืขืงืŸ, ืžื™ืจ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึธืจื“ืขืจื™ื ื’ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก. ืžื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข ืฆื• ืฆืึธืœืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืึทื”ืขืจืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืึทืงืฉืœื™ ืคืืจื‘ืจืื›ื˜. ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืฆื• ืฉืคึผื™ืœืŸ ืžื™ื˜.

ื“ืขืจ ืงืœืึทืกื™ืฉ DM-crypt ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง. ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜, ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ืกืง ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืง, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืจืฆืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’. ืฉืจื™ื ื’ืงื™ื ื’ ืึทืŸ ืขืงืกื˜4 ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื•ื•ืึธืจืฆืœ-ืžืึธื•ื ื˜ืขื“ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ืึทืงืœื™ ืึท ื’ืขืจืึทื ื˜ื™ื“ ืฆื™ื’ืœ ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคื™ืœืขืกื™ืกื˜ืขื. ืื™ืš ื”ืื‘ ื’ืขืคืจื•ืื•ื•ื˜) ื“ื™ ื˜ืืžื‘ื•ืจื™ืŸ ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื”ืืœืคืŸ.

ืงืจื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืึธ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ

ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื˜ืขืงืข ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืึธ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื–, ื ื™ื™ืžืœื™ ืึทื•ื“ื™ื˜ืขื“ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืœืขืš VeraCrypt. ืคืืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืฆื•ื•ืขืง ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื ื•ื’. ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ, ืžื™ืจ ืฆื™ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืขืงืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ CLI ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืึทืžื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื‘ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืœ. ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ืกื™ืžืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜.

wget https://launchpad.net/veracrypt/trunk/1.24-update4/+download/veracrypt-console-1.24-Update4-Ubuntu-18.04-amd64.deb
dpkg -i veracrypt-console-1.24-Update4-Ubuntu-18.04-amd64.deb

ืื™ืฆื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืึทื– ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึธื ืงืœืึทืคึผืŸ ืขืก ืžืึทื ื™ื•ืึทืœื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืจืขื‘ืึธืึธื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข, ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก, ืคึผืึทืจืึธืœ ืื•ืŸ ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทืžื–. ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทื˜ืจื™ืึธื˜ื™ืฉ ืกื™ืคืขืจ ื’ืจืึธื–ื’ืจื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ Stribog hash ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข.

veracrypt -t -c ~/my_super_secret

ืื™ืฆื˜ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ nginx, ืึธื ืงืœืึทืคึผืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืœืึธืžื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ืกื•ื“ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข.

mkdir /var/www/html/images
veracrypt ~/my_super_secret /var/www/html/images/
wget https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ru/2/24/Lenna.png

ื–ืืœ ืก ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง /var/www/html/index.nginx-debian.html ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื‘ืœืึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ืขืก.

ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืฉืขืง

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืกื™ืœืึธื•ื•ื™ืงื™ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก
ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืžืึธื•ื ื˜ืขื“, ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืกื™ืœืึธื•ื•ื™ืงื™ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก
ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืจืขื‘ืึธืึธื˜. ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืกื™ืงื™ื•ืจืœื™ ืกื˜ืึธืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ~/my_super_secret.

ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืึทืงืข ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืขืก ื›ืึทืจื“ืงืึธืจ, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืึทืก ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืึทื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืจืขื‘ืึธืึธื˜ ืขืก ืจื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืจื– ืงืึทื ืขืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื•ืจืš ssh ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทืŸ ืึท ืคึผืึทืจืึธืœ. ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืฆืขื ืึทืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืฆื™ืขืŸ "ืงืึทืœื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ". ื“ืึธ ื™ื ืกื˜ืจืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ืจืึธืคึผื‘ืขืึทืจ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื™ืกืง ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ. ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ VDS ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืง.

ื ืึทืงืขื˜ ืžืขื˜ืึทืœ

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ. ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืก ื“ืขื“ืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืข ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคืขืจื“. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืฅ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืœืขื’ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทืกื˜ื™ื“ ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ. ื“ืึธ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื˜ืจืื“ื™ืฆื™ืื ืขืœืŸ DM-crypt, VeraCrypt ืึธื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืจื”.

ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื– ืื•ื™ื‘ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“, ื“ืขืจ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงืจื™ื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึท ืจืขื‘ืึธืึธื˜. ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ื›ืึทืคึผืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืฉืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื’ืข IP-KVM, IPMI ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืขื ืœืขืš ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“. ื ืึธืš ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ืžืึทื ื™ื•ืึทืœื™ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืœ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ. ื“ืขืจ ืกื›ืขืžืข ืงื•ืงื˜ ืึทื–ื•ื™-ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืœื“ ื˜ืึธืœืขืจืึทื ืฅ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืึทืœื˜ืขืจื ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืขืก ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืคื•ืœ.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืกื™ืœืึธื•ื•ื™ืงื™ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก
NCipher nShield F3 ื™ื™ึทื–ื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืžืึธื“ื•ืœืข

ื ืกืึทืคื˜ืขืจ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข ืึทืกื•ืžื– ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืื™ื– ืœื™ื’ืŸ ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ HSM (ื”ืึทืจื“ื•ื•ืึทืจืข ืกืขืงื•ืจื™ื˜ื™ ืžืึธื“ื•ืœืข). ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื”ืขืจืฉืŸ, ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื™ื™ึทื–ื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืžื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ื˜ืขืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคื™ื–ื™ืฉ ื›ืึทืงื™ื ื’ ืคืจื•ื•ื•ืŸ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ืกื˜ืึทืจืฅ ืคึผืึธืงื™ื ื’ ืึทืจื•ื ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ ืžื™ืœื›ืœ, ื“ื™ HSM ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ึท ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืง ื“ื™ ืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ืกื˜ืึธืจื– ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืึทื˜ืึทืงืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ืžื™ื ืกืขืžืขืึทื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ, ื“ื™ ืจืขื‘ืึธืึธื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืจืŸ ืื•ื™ื˜ืึธืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉ.

ืจื™ืžื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืึท ืคื™ืœ ืคืึทืกื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขืš ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ื™ ืึทืงื˜ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึท ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึธืžื‘ืข ืึธื“ืขืจ ื™ืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื•ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ื™ืง ืึทืจืจืขืกื˜ืขืจ. ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทื–ืึท ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก, ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืœืื’ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืœืึทื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ. ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฆืŸ TCG Opal 2 ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื“ื™ืึท ื–ื™ืš, ืื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจื›ืขื“. ืึทืœืข ื“ืขื ื›ืึทืคึผืึทื ื– ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคึผืขืจืึทื ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืึทืก. ืืžืช, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ื“ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืกืึทืžืกื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธืคึฟืŸ ืึทื– ืขืก ื”ืื˜ ืขืจืœืขืš AES256, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื ืึทืœ XOR.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ืžื™ืจ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืึทื– ืึทืœืข ื•ืžื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคึผืึธืจืฅ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืœื™ ืคืึทืจืงืจื™ืคึผืœื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืึธื ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื•ื ื“ื–. ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ, ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึทื˜ืึทืงืขืจื– ื“ื™ ื’ืขืœืขื’ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืคื™ืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ื“ืžืึท ืื ืคืืœืŸ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ PCI Express ืึธื“ืขืจ Thunderbolt ืกื˜ื™ืงื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืก, ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื•ืกื‘ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ, ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืฉืคึผื™ืจืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง. ืึท ืึทื˜ืึทืงืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืจืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ ืึทืงืกืขืก ืฆื• ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืŸ.

ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืกืึทืคื™ืกื˜ืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข, ื“ืขืจ ืึทื˜ืึทืงืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ืึท ืงืึทืœื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœ ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ืขืก ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื’ื™ืกืŸ ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ ื—ืœืง ืคื•ืŸ ืคืœื™ืกื™ืง ื ื™ื˜ืจืึธื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ, ื‘ืขืขืจืขืš ืจื™ืžื•ื•ื•ื– ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืคืจื•ื™ืจืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืกื˜ื™ืงืก ืื•ืŸ ื ืขืžื˜ ืึท ื“ืึทืžืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืŸ. ืึธืคื˜, ืึท ืจืขื’ื•ืœืขืจ ืงืึธืึธืœื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจื™ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืขืžืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื -50 ื“ื™ื’ืจื™ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืฆื• ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืึท ืžืขืจ ืคึผื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืงืจื™ืคึผืœื˜ ืœืึธื•ื“ื™ื ื’ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก, ื“ื™ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื˜ืึทืงืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืกื™ืžืคึผืœืขืจ:

  1. ืคืจื™ืจืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืกื˜ื™ืงืก ืึธืŸ ืขืคืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ
  2. ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึธืึธื˜ืึทื‘ืœืข ื•ืกื‘ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคืึธืจ
  3. ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื– ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืจืึทืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ื•ื•ื“ ื“ื™ ืจืขื‘ืึธืึธื˜ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื™ื™ึทื– ืงืึทืœื˜.

ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ื’ืงืขืจ

ืึธื•ืงื™ื™, ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืžืืฉื™ื ืขืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืžื™ื ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ืกืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืœื™ืงืึทื“ื–ืฉ.
ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผ, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ืจืขื•ื•ื™ืกืข ื“ื™ ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื“ื–ืฉื•ืจื™ืกื“ื™ืงืฉืึทื ื–. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ื“ื™ ืคืจืึธื ื˜ืขื ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืฉืขื›ื™ื™, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืงืขื ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืคืึทืจื›ืึทืคึผื•ื ื’ ืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ืŸ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ืึทื ืœื™ื™ืงืœื™ ืึทื– ื’ืขื–ืขืฅ ืขื ืคืึธืจืกืžืึทื ื˜ ื™ื™ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ืกื™ื– ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื ืกื™ื™ืžืึทืœื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ืึทืกืœื™ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื“ื–ืฉื•ืจื™ืกื“ื™ืงืฉืึทื ื–. ืคึผืœื•ืก, ื“ืึธืก ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื™ื ืฉื•ืจื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืกืฆืขื ืึทืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื“.

ื ื•, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืึท ื’ืึธืจ ืจื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข - ืกื•ืฃ-ืฆื•-ืกื•ืฃ ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ. ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ื“ืึธืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืคึผืขืกื™ืคื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืคึผืขืจืคืึธืจืžื™ื ื’ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื‘ื™ืฉืœื™ื™ืžืขืก ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื• ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืกื™ื ื’ืงืจืึทื ื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืึทื ื•ื•ื™ื ื™ืึทื ื˜ืœื™ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“ ืื™ืŸ Nextcloud. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ืกื™ื ื’ืงืจืึทื ืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื’ื•ื“ื™ื– ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง.

ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ

ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืœื™ื™ืžืขืก ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ืœ ืื™ื– ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืขืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื ืขืŸ.

ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืจืขื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ืกืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืงืกืขืก ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื˜ืฉื™ื•ื•ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืงืึทืžื‘ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื›ืึทืกื˜ืขืจื–.

ื ืžืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืœืขืš ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื™ื™ึทื–ื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ.

ืื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ืึธืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทืกื˜ื™ื“ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ. ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืื™ื ื“ื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืข ืจืขืกืฅ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืกื™ืœืึธื•ื•ื™ืงื™ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืกื™ืœืึธื•ื•ื™ืงื™ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’