ืจื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ: ื•ื•ื™ ื ืึทืกืึท ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฅ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืœืึทื ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข

"ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ืึทืงืœื™ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ืขืกืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื™ืึธ ืึธืคื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข. ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ืกืึทืœื•ืฉืึทื ื– ืกื•ืฃ"

ืื•ื™ืฃ 26 ื ืื•ื•ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 2018, 22:53 ืžืึธืกืงื•ื•ืข ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ื ืึทืกืึท ื”ืื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ - ื“ื™ ื™ื ืกื™ื™ื˜ ื–ืึธื ื“ ืื™ื– ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืœืึทื ื“ื™ื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืคืœืึทืš ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทืจืก ื ืึธืš ืึทืจื™ื™ึทืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื˜ืžืึธืกืคืขืจ, ืึทืจืึธืคึผื’ืึทื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืžืึทื ื•ื•ื•ืขืจื–, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืคึผื˜ื™ื™ื–ื“ ื•ื•ื™ "ื–ืขืงืก ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ืึทืœื‘ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืœ. ." ืึท ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ื•ื ื’, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื ืึทืกืึท ืขื ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื™ืจื– ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืฆื™ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ื–ืึธื ื“ ืื™ื– ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืœืึทื ื“ื™ื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืึทื ืขื˜ ืก ื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืคืœืึทืš ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืึท ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืคืึทืจื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืขืจืขืš 8,1 ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืขืจื“ ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทืจืก. ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ืขื ืคึฟืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ, InSight ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ื  ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืึทื ื˜ืขื ืึทื– - ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ืึธืคืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœื˜ืžืึธื“ื™ืฉ UHF ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข (ืึท ืžืขื˜ืึธื“ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืœืึทื ื’ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืึธื“ืงืึทืกื˜ ื˜ืขืœืขื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืงื™-ื˜ืึธืงื™ ืฆื• ื‘ืœื•ืขื˜ืึธืึธื” ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก).

ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜, ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื•ืก ืคื•ืŸ InSight ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ื˜ื˜ืขื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืจืึทื“ื™ืึธ ื›ื•ื•ืืœื™ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืึธืคื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 401,586 ืžื”ื– ืฆื• ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืกืึทื˜ืึทืœื™ื™ืฅ -Cubesat, WALL-E ืื•ืŸ EVE, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ื˜ื˜ืขื“ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 8 Kbps ืฆื• 70-ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ืขื ืึทื– ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“. ื“ื™ ืงื•ื‘ืขืกืึทืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืœืึธื ื˜ืฉื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืจืึทืงืขื˜ ื•ื•ื™ InSight, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืื’ืœื™ื™ื˜ ืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื™ื–ืข ืฆื• ืžืึทืจืก ืฆื• ืึธื‘ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืึทื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืึทื”ื™ื™ื. ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืžืึทืจืก ืึธืจื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจื–, ืœืžืฉืœ. ืžืึทืจืก ืจื™ืงืึทื ืึทืกืึทื ืก ืกืึทื˜ืขืœื™ื˜ (ืžืจืก), ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื•ืžื’ืขืœื•ืžืคึผืขืจื˜ ืฉื˜ืขืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ืขืงืกืœ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืœืึทื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืฆื™ื™ื˜. ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืœืึทื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืึธืคืขื ื’ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื™ืงืกืคึผืขืจืžืขื ืึทืœ ืงื•ื‘ืขืกืึทืฅ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืฉืขืžืึธื“ืึทืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ MRS ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ InSight ื ืึธืš ืึทืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ืŸ.

ื“ื™ InSight ืœืึทื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืึทืงื˜ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ ื˜ืขืกื˜ืขื“ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึทืกืึท, ื“ื™ ืžืึทืจืก ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืง. ื“ืขืจ ืกื™ื’ื ืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ InSight ืœืึทื ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ื˜ื˜ืขื“ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืึธืจื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกืึทื˜ืึทืœื™ื™ืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืจื™ื˜ืฉื˜ ืขืจื“ ืกื™ื™ึท ื•ื•ื™ ืกื™ื™ึท, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืกืึทื˜ืึทืœื™ื™ืฅ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ. WALL-E ืื•ืŸ EVE ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ืฉื™ืงืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื˜ื™ื™ืงืขืฃ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืก. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ CubeSats ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืกื™ื‘ื”, MRS ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืฉืคึผื™ืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืจืึธืœืข. ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื ืึธื“ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขืฅ-ื•ื•ื™ ื ืขืฅ, ืจื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคึผืึทืงื™ืฅ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืึทืœืก ืงืึทื ืกื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื•ื™ืกืจื™ื›ื˜. ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜, ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ MRS, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืกืคึผื™ื“ื– ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 6 ืžื‘ื™ื˜ / s (ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืœืึทื ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ ืžื™ืฉืึทื ื–). ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ืึทืกืึท ื”ืื˜ ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคื™ืœ ืกืœืึธื•ืขืจ ืกืคึผื™ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ - ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืคื™ืœ ืคืึทืกื˜ืขืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜.

ืจื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ: ื•ื•ื™ ื ืึทืกืึท ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฅ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืœืึทื ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข
ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืก ืคึผืจืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ืขืจ, ื ืึทืกืึท ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฆืขืจืก ื˜ืฉืขืง ืื•ื™ืก ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืกืคึผื™ื™ืกืฉื™ืคึผืก ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืฆื™ื™ื˜.

ื˜ื™ืฃ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ื ืขืฅ

ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ึทื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึทืกืึท ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ, ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ื“ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื™ืžืขืจื“ื–ืฉื“ ืฆื• ื“ืขืงืŸ ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ: ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง ืขืจื“ ืึธืจื‘ื™ื˜, ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืึธืกื™ื ื˜ืฉืจืึธื ืึธื•ืก ืึธืจื‘ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื ื”, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืคึผืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ. ืขืก ืึทืœืข ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืจืึธื‘ ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืจืึทื“ื™ืึธ ื•ืคื ืขืžืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืขืœืขืžืขื˜ืจื™ ืคื•ืŸ Explorer 1, ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืกืึทื˜ืขืœื™ื˜ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืœืึธื ื˜ืฉื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืืžืขืจื™ืงืื ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ 1958, ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•. ืขืก. ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืกืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ื’ืขืจื™ืึท, ืกื™ื ื’ืึทืคึผืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืœื™ืคืึธืจื ื™ืึท. ืกืœืึธื•ืœื™ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฉื•ืจืœื™, ื“ืขื ื™ืงืขืจ ื™ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ื•ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ ืก ืึทื•ื•ืึทื ืกื™ืจื˜ืข ืžืขืกื™ื“ื–ืฉื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ.

ื“ืึธื•ื’ืœืึทืก ืื‘ืจื”ื, ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืขื’ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืคืึธืจืกื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื–ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืœืึทื ืขื˜ืึทืจื™ ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืง ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจืึทื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื ืึทืกืึท, ื›ื™ื™ืœื™ื™ืฅ ื“ืจื™ื™ ื™ื ื“ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ืึทื ื˜ืœื™ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ. ื“ื™ ื ืขืึทืจ ืขืจื“ ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืง ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ืกืคึผื™ื™ืกืงืจืึทืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง ืขืจื“ ืึธืจื‘ื™ื˜. "ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืขื ืึทื–, ืžืขืจืกื˜ื ืก 9-12 ืžืขื˜ืขืจ. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข, 15-18 ืžืขื˜ืขืจ," ื–ืื’ื˜ ืื‘ืจื”ื. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš, ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืึธืกื™ื ื˜ืฉืจืึธื ืึธื•ืก ืึธืจื‘ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ืจืึทืงื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืจืขืœืข ืกืึทื˜ืึทืœื™ื™ืฅ (TDRS). "ื–ื™ื™ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืจืึธืคึผืงื•ืงืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืกืึทื˜ืึทืœื™ื™ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง ืขืจื“ ืึธืจื‘ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื“ื•ืจืš TDRS ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“," ืื‘ืจื”ื ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜. "ื“ื™ ืกืึทื˜ืขืœื™ื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ืกื™ืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื™ื– ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึทืกืึท ืกืคืขื™ืก ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืง."

ืื‘ืขืจ ืืคื™ืœื• TDRS ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืฆื• ื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกืคึผื™ื™ืกืงืจืึทืคื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืจื‘ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื ื”, ืฆื• ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืคึผืœืึทื ืึทืฅ. "ืื–ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืึท ื ืขืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืึธื•ื•ืขืจืก ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ื–ื•ื  ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ Deep Space Network [DSN], ื–ืื’ื˜ ืื‘ืจื”ื. ื“ื™ ืžืึทืจืก ื ืขืฅ ืื™ื– ืึท ืคืึทืจืœืขื ื’ืขืจื•ื ื’ ื“ืกืŸ.

ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืœื™ื™ื’, DSN ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœืขืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ืกื˜ืขื“ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ. ื™ืกืขื ืฉืึทืœื™, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืกื›ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืึทื ื˜ืขื ืึทื–, ืคื•ืŸ 34 ืฆื• 70 ืขื ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจ. ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื™ DSN ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฅ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข 34-ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ืขื ืึทื– ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ 70-ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ืขื ืข. ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืื™ื– ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืœื“ืกื˜ืึธื ืข (ืงืึทืœื™ืคืึธืจื ื™ืึท), ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืžืึทื“ืจื™ื“ (ืกืคึผืึทื™ืŸ), ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทื ื‘ืขืจืึท (ืื•ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทืœื™ืข). ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ื‘ืขืขืจืขืš 120 ื“ื™ื’ืจื™ื– ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื•ื ื“ืขืจ ื’ืœืึธื‘ื•ืก, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ XNUMX-ืฉืขื” ืงืึทื•ื•ืขืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืฆื• ืึทืœืข ืกืคึผื™ื™ืกืงืจืึทืคื˜ ืึทืจื•ื™ืก ื’ืขืึธืกื™ื ื˜ืฉืจืึธื ืึธื•ืก ืึธืจื‘ื™ื˜.

34-ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ืขื ืึทื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื•ื™ืกืจื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ DSN, ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก: ืึทืœื˜ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืึทื ื˜ืขื ืึทื– ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืคื™ืขืจืขืš ื ื™ื™ึท ื•ื•ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื™ื™ื“ ืึทื ื˜ืขื ืึทื–. ื“ืขืจ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืื™ื– ืึทื– ืึท ืคื™ืจืขืจ ื›ื•ื•ืึทืœื™ืข ืึทื ื˜ืขื ืข ื”ืื˜ ืคื™ื ืฃ ืคึผื™ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืจืฃ ืžื™ืจืขืจื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคืึทืจื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ื  ืกื™ื’ื ืึทืœื– ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืึท ืจืขืจ ืฆื• ืึท ื•ื ื˜ืขืจืขืจื“ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ, ื•ื•ื• ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ื™ืง ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืกื™ื’ื ืึทืœื– ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขืงื˜ืขื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืงื•ื•ืืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคื™ืจืึทื ืก. ื“ื™ 34-ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ืขื ืึทื–, ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ื–ืฉื•ืึทืœื™ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืขืก ืคื•ืŸ 2-3 ืงื™ื™ืœื™ื, ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึทืกืึท. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืงืึทืกืขืก ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืึทื ืกืึทื– ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืฆื• ืœืึทื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืงื™ื™ืคืœ 34-ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ืขื ืึทื–, DSN ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ื ื™ืฆื˜ 70-ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืžืึธื ืกื˜ืขืจืก.

"ื–ื™ื™ ืฉืคึผื™ืœืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืจืึธืœืข ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–," ื–ืื’ื˜ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืึทื ื˜ืขื ืึทื–. ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืคึผื™ื™ืกืงืจืึทืคื˜ ืื™ื– ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ืึทื– ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืœืขื ืขืจืขืจ ืฉื™ืกืœ. "ื’ื•ื˜ืข ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคื™ืœืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื• ื”ืึธืจื™ื–ืึธื ืก ืžื™ืกื™ืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืœืึธื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืคึผืœื•ื˜ืึธ, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื•ื™ืึทื’ืขืจ ืกืคึผื™ื™ืกืงืจืึทืคื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืก ื“ื™ ื–ื•ื  ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื. ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– 70-ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ืขื ืึทื– ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, "ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ืื‘ืจื”ื.

70-ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ืœื™ื ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืคึผื™ื™ืกืงืจืึทืคื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ืกื˜ ืึทื ื˜ืขื ืข, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทื ื ืขื“ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ืึธืจื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืœ ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืขืคึผืขืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืฉืจืขืงืœืขืš ืคืึทืœืฉ. ื“ื™ 70-ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ืขื ืข, ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืขืฉืึธืœืขื ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทืคึผืึธืœืœืึธ 13 ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“. ื–ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ืœ ืึทืจืžืกื˜ืจืึธื ื’ ืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ืžื˜ ืฉื•ืจื”, "ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ืื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื– ืฉืจื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื”ื™ื™ึทื˜." ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜, DSN ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืึทื•ื•ืึทื ืกื™ืจื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืจืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. "ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคื™ืœืข ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขืก ื”ืื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ," ื•ื•ืึธืจื ื– ืื‘ืจื”ื. - ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ืึทืงืœื™ ื™ื  ืขืจื’ืขืฆ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ืขืกืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื™ืึธ ืคืจื™ืงื•ื•ืึทื ืกื™ื–. ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ืกืึทืœื•ืฉืึทื ื– ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืก."

ืจื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ: ื•ื•ื™ ื ืึทืกืึท ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฅ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืœืึทื ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข
ื“ืจื™ื™ ืขืจื“ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– 120 ื“ื™ื’ืจื™ื– ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ

ืจื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ: ื•ื•ื™ ื ืึทืกืึท ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฅ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืœืึทื ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข
DSN ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทื ื‘ืขืจืึท

ืจื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ: ื•ื•ื™ ื ืึทืกืึท ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฅ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืœืึทื ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข
DSN ืงืึธืžืคึผืœืขืงืก ืื™ืŸ ืžืึทื“ืจื™ื“

ืจื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ: ื•ื•ื™ ื ืึทืกืึท ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฅ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืœืึทื ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข
ื“ืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืœื“ืกื˜ืึธื ืข

ืจื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ: ื•ื•ื™ ื ืึทืกืึท ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฅ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืœืึทื ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข
ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื–ืฉืขื˜ ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืึทืœืกื™ืึธืŸ ืœืึทื‘ืึธืจืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ืข

ืจืึทื“ื™ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืจืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื

ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื™ึท. ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื˜ื™ืฃ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจื“ื™ืง ื’ืขืจืึทื ื’ืœ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืคืจื™ืงื•ื•ืึทื ืกื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืงื™ืจืฆืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื•ื•ืœืขื ื’ื˜ืก. Explorer 1 ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ 108 ืžื”ื– ืคืจื™ืงื•ื•ืึทื ืกื™ื–. ื ืึทืกืึท ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื™ื ื˜ืจืึธื•ื“ื•ืกื˜ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข, ื‘ืขืกืขืจ-ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื ืขืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืขื ืึทื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ืคืจื™ืงื•ื•ืึทื ืกื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœ-ื‘ืึทื ื“, 1 ืฆื• 2 GHz. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ S-ื‘ืึทื ื“, ืžื™ื˜ ืคืจื™ืงื•ื•ืึทื ืกื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ 2 ืฆื• 4 GHz, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึทืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื’ืขื ื˜ื•ืจ ืกื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ X-ื‘ืึทื ื“, ืžื™ื˜ ืคืจื™ืงื•ื•ืึทื ืกื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ 7-11,2 GHz.

ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜, ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจื’ืึธื• ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ - ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืžืึธื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ื™ 26-40 GHz ืงื™ื™ื˜, Ka-ื‘ืึทื ื“. "ื“ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื ื’ืึทื ื’ ืื™ื– ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืงื™ืจืฆืขืจ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื•ื•ืœืขื ื’ื˜ืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืงื•ื•ืึทื ืกื™ื–, ื“ื™ ืคืึทืกื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืจื™ื™ืฅ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื˜ืฉื™ื•ื•ื“," ื–ืื’ื˜ ืื‘ืจื”ื.

ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ื, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื ืึทืกืึท ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื’ื™ืš. ื 2014 ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื–ืฉืขื˜ ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืึทืœืกื™ืึธืŸ ืœืึทื‘ืึธืจืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ ื’ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ื“ื•ืจื›ืคืึธืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš: ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ Explorer 1 ืก ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืฆื• ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืึท ื˜ื™ืคึผื™ืฉ iPhone ืคืึธื˜ืึธ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื–ืฉื•ืคึผื™ื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ืขืจื“, ืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ 460 ืžืืœ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกืข. ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึผื™ืึธื ืขืขืจืก 2 ืื•ืŸ 4 ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 1960 ืก, ืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ 633 ื™ืึธืจ. ืžืึทืจื™ื ืขืจ 000 ืคื•ืŸ 9 ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืืŸ ืขืก ืื™ืŸ 1971 ืฉืขื”. ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ MRS ื“ืจื™ื™ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜.

ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื, ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ืื™ื– ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืกื•ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืกืคึผื™ื™ืกืงืจืึทืคื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืจืึธื•ื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ ืฉื ืขืœ ื•ื•ื™, ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืกื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™, ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื•ึผืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ืกื™ืข ืงื™ื™ืคึผืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื–. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 40 ื™ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข, Voyagers 1 ืื•ืŸ 2 ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ 5 ื˜ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข. ื“ื™ NISAR ืขืจื“ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ืกืึทื˜ืขืœื™ื˜, ืกืงืขื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึทื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ 2020, ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ 85 ื˜ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคึผืขืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืกืึทื˜ืึทืœื™ื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื˜ื•ื™ื’ืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื, ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคืขืจื™ื ื’ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ื‘ืึทื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืคึผืœืึทื ืึทืฅ ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืึธืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข. ืืคื™ืœื• ืึท ืœืขืคื™ืขืจืขืš ืฉื ืขืœ MRS ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ 85 ื˜ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ 20 ื™ืึธืจ.

"ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืจื™ื™ืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืึทืจืก ืขืงืกืคึผืœืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ 2020 ืก ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ 2030 ืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ 150 ืžื‘ืคึผืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทื˜," ื–ืื’ื˜ ืื‘ืจื”ื. - ืื•ื™ื‘ ืึท MRS-ืงืœืึทืก ืกืคึผื™ื™ืกืงืจืึทืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืงืกื™ืžื•ื ื“ื™ืกื˜ืึทื ืกืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื• ืžืึทืจืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื™ืงืŸ ื‘ืขืขืจืขืš 1 ืžื‘ื™ื˜ / s ืฆื• ืึท 70-ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ืขื ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขืจื“, ืฆื• ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 150 ืžื‘ื™ื˜ / s ืึท ืžืขื ื’ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹150 70-ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ืขื ืึทื– ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜. ื™ืึธ, ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืœื•ื’ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ ืกื•ืžืข ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ื“ืึธืš ื™ื’ื–ื™ืกืฅ: ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืœืึทื ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 150 ืžื‘ืคึผืก ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ืžื™ืจ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืคืจื™ืงื•ื•ืึทื ืกื™ื–. โ€

ื•ื•ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื“ืขืžืึทื ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ืฅ, ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ S-ื‘ืึทื ื“ ืึธื“ืขืจ X-ื‘ืึทื ื“, ืึท ืื™ื™ืŸ 25 ืžื‘ืคึผืก ืžื™ืกื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคืึทืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืจื•ื. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึท-ื‘ืึทื ื“, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืึทืจืก ืกืึทื˜ืึทืœื™ื™ืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื˜ืจื•ืคึผื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 150 ืžื‘ื™ื˜ / s ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืคืึทืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืจื•ื. ืกื™ืžืคึผืœื™ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ, ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืœืึทื ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืจืึทื“ื™ืึธืก ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ - ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ื  ื–ื™ืš ืœื™ื™ื–ืขืจื–.

ื“ื™ ื™ืžืขืจื“ื–ืฉืึทื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข

ืœื™ื™ื–ืขืจื– ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืคื™ื•ื˜ืฉืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืง, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืฆื• ืึท ืคึผืึทื˜ืขื ื˜ ืคื™ื™ืœื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืืœืขืงืกืื ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืึทื ื‘ืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 1880 ืก. ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืื˜ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ ืึท ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื•ื ืฉื™ื™ึทืŸ, ืคืึธื•ืงื™ืกื˜ ืฆื• ืึท ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉืžืึธืœ ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœ, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืขื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืจื™ืคืœืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ื“ื™ื™ืึทืคืจืึทื ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื™ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืกืึธื•ื ื“ืก. ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื‘ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื™ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื‘ื™ื™ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืึธื‘ื™ืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืึธื‘ ืคืึธื˜ืึธื“ืขื˜ืขืงื˜ืึธืจ. ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธื˜ืึธื“ืขื˜ืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ื˜ืฉื™ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉื“ ื“ื™ ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคืึธืจ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืœืขืคืึธืŸ.

ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทื ืกื˜ื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœ, ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื ื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ื™ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ ืคืืจืœืื–ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืงื™ืžืึทื˜ 100 ื™ืึธืจ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ, ืึทืจืžื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืœื™ื™ื–ืขืจื– ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ื‘ืจืข ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืงืก, ื ืึทืกืึท ืขื ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื™ืจื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืžื’ืขืงืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืึทืœื˜ ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืฃ.

"ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืื•ืกื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื™ืึธ ืึธืคื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ JPL ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ 1970 ืก, ืคืจื™ 1980 ืก, ืžื™ืจ ืกื˜ืึทืจื˜ืขื“ ื“ื™ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืœื™ื™ื–ืขืจื–," ื”ืื˜ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื’ืขื–ืื’ื˜. ืฆื• ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข, ื“ื™ ืœืึทื‘ืึธืจืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ืข ืœืึธื ื˜ืฉื˜ ืึท ืคื™ืจ-ื™ืึธืจ ื“ื™ืคึผ ืกืคืขื™ืก ืจืขืœืข ืกืึทื˜ืขืœื™ื˜ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื (DSRSS) ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ 1980 ืก. ื“ื™ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื”ืื˜ ืฆื• ืขื ื˜ืคึฟืขืจืŸ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืคึฟืจืื’ืŸ: ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื–ืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก (ื ืึธืš ืึทืœืข, ืจืึทื“ื™ืึธ ื›ื•ื•ืืœื™ืขืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืœื™ื™ื›ื˜ ืคืึธืจืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื•ื•ืืœืงื ืก, ื‘ืฉืขืช ืœื™ื™ื–ืขืจื– ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜)? ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ-ืขืจื“-ื–ืึธื ื“ ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ืึทืงื•ื˜ืข? ืงืขืŸ ืึท ื“ืขื˜ืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ื•ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืึท ืฉื•ื•ืึทืš ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื’ื ืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื•ื ืฉื™ื™ึทืŸ? ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืกืึธืฃ, ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืึทืœืข ื“ืขื ืงืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืขืก ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืขืก? "ืžื™ืจ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืขื ื˜ืคึฟืขืจืก ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคึฟืจืื’ืŸ," ืžื•ื“ื” ืื‘ืจื”ื. "ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืขื ื˜ืคึฟืขืจืก ื™ื ืงืจื™ืกื™ื ื’ืœื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ืกื™ืข."

DSRSS ืกืึทื’ื“ื–ืฉืขืกื˜ื™ื“ ืึทื– ืึท ืคื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ืก ืึทื˜ืžืึธืกืคืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื™ืึธ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืกื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืึธืจื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืœ ืกื˜ืึทื ืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืขืจื“-ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ, ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ืงืึธื ื™ืง 70-ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ืขื ืึทื–. ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง-ืขืจื“ ืึธืจื‘ื™ื˜, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคึผืœืึทื ื ืขื“ ืฆื• ืฆืขื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืึท 10-ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืฉื™ืกืœ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื›ืึทืคึผืŸ ืขืก ืฆื• ื’ืขืึธืกื™ื ื˜ืฉืจืึธื ืึธื•ืก. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื - ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืกืึทื˜ืขืœื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฉื™ืกืœ, ืึท ืงืึทื˜ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืžื™ื˜ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฃ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืึทืœืก - ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื›ื™ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•. ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ื“ื™ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืคึฟื™ืœื• ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืึทื’ื–ื™ืœื™ืขืจื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืกืึทื˜ืขืœื™ื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคืึทืœ.

ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ื“ื™ ืœืึทื‘ืึธืจืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ื“ื™ืกืงืจื™ื™ื‘ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืึทื‘ืึธืจืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ืข ืก ื’ืจืึธื•ื ื“ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ืจื˜ ืึทื•ื•ืึทื ืกื™ืจื˜ืข ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ (GBATS) ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜, ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืึทืจื•ื ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ DRSS. ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ GBATS ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื ื˜ืคืœืขืงื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืึธืœื˜ืขืจื ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคึผืจืึทืคึผืึธื•ื–ืึทืœื–. ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึทื ืžืึธื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืขืงืก ืกื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืžื™ื˜ 10-ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ืขื ืึทื– ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื˜ืขืจ-ืœืึทื ื’ ืกืคึผืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ืขื ืึทื– ืœื™ื’ืŸ 60 ื“ื™ื’ืจื™ื– ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืขืงื•ื•ืึทื˜ืึธืจ. ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืื ืฆื™ืขืก ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ืืจื’ ืฉืคื™ืฅ, ื•ื•ืื• ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืœืืจ ืืžื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื’ืกื˜ื ืก 66% ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื’ ื ื™ืืจ. ืื–ื•ื™, 2-3 ืกื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืขื ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกืคึผื™ื™ืกืงืจืึทืคื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื•ื•ืขื˜ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–, ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ึท, ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื’ืŸ 120 ื“ื™ื’ืจื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืขืจ. ื“ื™ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ื–ืึธืœ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืœื™ื’ืŸ 200 ืงื™ืœืืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืขืจ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืึทื– ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื–ืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื•ื•ืขื˜ืขืจ ืกืขืœื–.

ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข GBATS ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก. ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ, ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื’ื ืึทืœื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืึทืจื•ืžืคืึธืจืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ืก ืึทื˜ืžืึธืกืคืขืจ, ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืึธืคึผื˜ืจืึธื’ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืœ ืขืจื’ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืึธืคึผื˜ืจืึธื’ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืœื•ื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ. ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ื“ื™ ืงืœื•ื’ ืึธืจื“ืขื ื•ื ื’, ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ืขืจื“ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืคืขื ื’ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื˜ืขืจ. ื ืกืคึผื™ื™ืกืงืจืึทืคื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื˜ ืึท ืœืึทื–ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืขืจื“ ืกื˜ืึทื ืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื™ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืึทื“ืึทืคึผื˜ ืฆื• ื ืขื‘ืขืš ื•ื•ืขื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื ืึธื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ึทืขืš ื’ืจื™ื ื“ืŸ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืึทื ืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจื“ืขืงืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื•ื•ืืœืงื ืก.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืจืึทื’ืึทืจื“ืœืึทืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจืื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ, ื“ื™ DSRSS ืื•ืŸ GBATS ืคึผืจืึทื“ื–ืฉืขืงืก ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืึธืจืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื™ืกื•ื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ื•ื•ืขืœืึทืคึผืžืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื™ืจื– ืื™ืŸ ื ืึทืกืึท. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืฆื• ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืคึฟืคึฟื™ืจื•ื ื’. ืฆื•ืž ื’ืœื™ืง, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืึทื•ื•ืขืง.

ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ืกื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ื”ืื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจื™ืžืขื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ 1992, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทืœื™ืœืขืึธ ื–ืึธื ื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื›ืขื“ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ื–ืฉื•ืคึผื™ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš-ื”ืึทื›ืœืึธื˜ืข ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ืฆื• ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื’ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึทื–ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืœืกื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 60 ืกืขื ื˜ื™ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืขืœืขืกืงืึธืคึผ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉ Mountain ืึธื‘ืกืขืจื•ื•ืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 1,5 ืขื USAF Starfire ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ื˜ืขืœืขืกืงืึธืคึผ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ื• ืžืขืงืกื™ืงื. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜, ื’ืœื™ืœืขืึธ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 1,4 ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ ืงื™ืœืืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืœืึทื–ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืžื– ืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜.

ื“ื™ ื™ืืคืื ืขื–ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืจืืคืขืื™ืฉืข ืกืคืขื™ืก ืื’ืขื ื˜ื•ืจืŸ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืืคื˜ื™ืฉ ืงืืžื™ื•ื ื™ืงืืฆื™ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืขืจื“ ืกื˜ืื ืฆื™ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืกืื˜ืขืœื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ืืจื‘ื™ื˜. ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท 50 ืžื‘ืคึผืก ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืกืึทื˜ืึทืœื™ื™ืฅ. ืžื™ื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื™ืึธืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง, ืึท ื“ื™ื™ึทื˜ืฉ ืžืึทื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขื˜ ืึท 5,6 ื’ื‘ืคึผืก ืงืึธื•ื›ื™ืจืึทื ื˜ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ื™ืึธื ืึทืœ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ NFIRE ืกืึทื˜ืขืœื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืขืจื“ ืึธืจื‘ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืขืจื“ ืกื˜ืึทื ืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ืขืจื™ืคืข, ืกืคึผืึทื™ืŸ. ืื‘ืขืจ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืงืึทืกืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง-ืขืจื“ ืึธืจื‘ื™ื˜.

ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื ืง ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืึทื ืขืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืขืจื“ ืกื˜ืึทื ืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืกืคึผื™ื™ืกืงืจืึทืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืจื‘ื™ื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืœืึทื ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ื  ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืื ื•ืืจ 2013. ื“ื™ 152 ืจืขื ื˜ื’ืขื  200 ืคึผื™ืงืกืขืœ ืฉื•ื•ืึทืจืฅ-ืื•ืŸ-ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืก ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึธื ืึท ืœื™ืกืึท ืื™ื– ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ื˜ื˜ืขื“ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจ ืกืึทื˜ืขืœื™ื˜ ืœืึทื–ืขืจ ืจืึทื ื’ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึธื“ืึทืจื“ ืกืคืขื™ืก ืคืœื™ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึทืกืึท ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืœื•ื ืึทืจ ืจืขืงืึธื ื ืึทื™ืกืกืึทื ืก ืึธืจื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจ (LRO) ื‘ื™ื™ 300 ื‘ืคึผืก. ื“ื™ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ-ื•ื•ืขื’. LRO ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ืœื“ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ื“ื•ืจืš ืจืขื’ื•ืœืขืจ ืจืึทื“ื™ืึธ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข. ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืœื“ ื“ืืจืฃ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ื˜ืขื•ืช ืงืขืจืขืงืฉืึทืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธื“ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืจื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืงืขื ืขืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ื“ื™ ืงืึทื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื ื” ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทื ื ืขื“.

ืจื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ: ื•ื•ื™ ื ืึทืกืึท ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฅ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืœืึทื ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข
ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 2013 ืœื•ื ืึทืจ ืจืขืงืึธื ืึทืกืกืึทื ืกืข ืึธืจื‘ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜: ืฆื• ื•ื™ืกืžืขืงืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ืกื™ืข ืขืจืจืึธืจืก ื™ื ื˜ืจืึธื•ื“ื•ืกื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ ืก ืึทื˜ืžืึธืกืคืขืจ (ืœื™ื ืงืก), ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ Goddard ืกืคืขื™ืก ืคืœื™ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืจื™ื“-ืฉืœืžื” ื˜ืขื•ืช ืงืขืจืขืงืฉืึทืŸ (ืจืขื›ื˜), ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ืœื™ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงื“ืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ื•ื“ืก. ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ืขืจืจืึธืจืก ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืคืขืœื ื“ื™ืง ื‘ื™ืœื“ืฆืขืœืŸ (ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืก) ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืœืฉ ืกื™ื’ื ืึทืœื– (ืฉื•ื•ืึทืจืฅ). ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืก ืคึผืึทืก ื™ื ื“ื™ืงื™ื™ืฅ ืึท ืงื•ืจืฅ ืคึผื•ื™ื–ืข ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ืกื™ืข.

ยซืคืึธืจืฉืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืœื•ื ืขืจ ืึทื˜ืžืึธืกืคืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื‘ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข(LADEE) ืื™ื– ืืจื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ื ืขืจ ืึธืจื‘ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ 6 ืืงื˜ืื‘ืขืจ 2013, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึท ื•ื•ืึธืš ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ืœืึธื ื˜ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืคึผื•ืœืกืขื“ ืœืึทื–ืขืจ ืฆื• ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืžืึธืœ, ื ืึทืกืึท ื’ืขืคืจื•ื•ื•ื˜ ืฆื• ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™-ื•ื•ืขื’ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 20 ืžื‘ื™ื˜ / s ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 622 ืžื‘ื™ื˜ / s ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’. ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ืจืฅ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ืกื™ืข. LRO ืก ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฆื™ื™ื˜. LADEE ืคืืจื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืึทื–ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ 16 ืฉืขื” ืื™ื‘ืขืจ 30 ื˜ืขื’. ื“ื™ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ื–ืขืจ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ื“ืขืžืึทื ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ (LCRD) ืกืึทื˜ืขืœื™ื˜, ืกืงืขื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ื•ื ื™ 2019. ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืกื™ืข ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ.

LCRD ืื™ื– ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ ืื™ืŸ NASA ืก Jet Propulsion Laboratory ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทื ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ MIT Lincoln Laboratory. ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืึทืœืก: ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง-ืขืจื“ ืึธืจื‘ื™ื˜, ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ. ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ืคืขืจืขื ื˜ืฉืึทืœ ืคืึทืกืข ืฉื™ืคื˜ ืงื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ (DPSK). ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฉื™ืงืŸ ืœืึทื–ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืœืกื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืึธืคื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 2,88 GHz. ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข, ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื ืงืึธื•ื“ื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืคืึทืกืข ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึทืงืกืขืกื™ื•ื• ืคึผืึทืœืกื™ื–. ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 2,88 ื’ื‘ืคึผืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทื›ื˜. ื“ืขื˜ืขืงื˜ืึธืจืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ืขื˜ืขืงื˜ ื“ื•ื™ืคืขืง ื“ื™ืคืขืจืึทื ืกื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš-ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืกื™ื’ื ืึทืœื–, ืึทื–ื•ื™ DPSK ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื ืึธืขื ื˜-ืขืจื“ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืคึฟืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ, ื•ื•ื• ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืื™ื– ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืง. ื ืกื™ื’ื ืึทืœ ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทืจืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคืึทืจืœื™ืจืŸ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, ืึทื–ื•ื™ LCRD ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืึท ืžืขืจ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืคึผื•ืœืก ืคืึทืกืข ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ.

ืจื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ: ื•ื•ื™ ื ืึทืกืึท ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฅ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืœืึทื ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข
ื ืึทืกืึท ืขื ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื™ืจื– ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ LADEE ืคึฟืึทืจ ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’

ืจื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ: ื•ื•ื™ ื ืึทืกืึท ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฅ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืœืึทื ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข
ืื™ืŸ 2017, ืขื ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื™ืจื– ื˜ืขืกื˜ืขื“ ืคืœื™ ืžืึธื“ืขืžืก ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืœ ื•ื•ืึทืงื•ื•ื ืงืึทืžืขืจ

"ืขืก ืื™ื– ื™ืกืขื ืฉืึทืœื™ ืงืึทื•ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคืึธื•ื˜ืึทื ื–," ืื‘ืจื”ื ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜. - ื“ื™ ืงื•ืจืฅ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืึทืœืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื“ื–. ืฆื• ืงืจื™ื’ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ, ืื™ืจ ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ืฆื™ ื“ื™ ืคืึธื˜ืึธื ืก ืงืึทืœื™ื™ื“ื™ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืขื˜ืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืžืขื”ืึทืœืขืš. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืึธื“ืขื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ FIM. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ ืžืึธืจืก ืงืึธื“, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืกื•ืคึผืขืจ-ืฉื ืขืœ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜. ืึธื“ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื–ืึธื’ ืื™ื– ืขื ืงืึธื•ื“ื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืกื™ืงื•ื•ืึทื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืคืœืึทืฉื™ื–. "ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคื™ืœ ืกืœืึธื•ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ DPSK, ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื˜ืขื ืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ Mbps ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ื•ื•ื™ ืžืึทืจืก," ื”ืึธื˜ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ.

ื“ืึธืš, ื“ื™ LCRD ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืึทืœืก. ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ืื•ื™ืš ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืึธื ื™ืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ ื›ืึทื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ. ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, ื“ืจื™ื™ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ LCRD: ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืข ืกืึทื ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ื• ืžืขืงืกื™ืงื, ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉ Mountain ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทืœื™ืคืึธืจื ื™ืึท, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ืึทื•ื•ืึทื™ื™ ืื™ื ื–ืœ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžืึทื•ื™. ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืขืจื“ ืกื˜ืึทื ืฆื™ืข ืฆื• ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ืขืจ ืึทืงืขืจื– ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–. ื“ื™ ืžื™ืกื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ LCRD ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ื˜ืขืจ. ืึทืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื’ื ืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืฆื• ืึท ืกืึทื˜ืขืœื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ื˜ื˜ืขื“ ืฆื• ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืึทื ืฆื™ืข - ืึทืœืข ื“ื•ืจืš ืึทืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื ืง.

ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคืขืจื“ ื’ืœื™ื™ืš, LCRD ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงืจืึธื ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืœืขื’ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืขืจื™ื™ื–ืึทื–. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืจื™ื ื’ืœืขืš ืึธื“ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื ื‘ืึธืจื“ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ, ื“ื™ LCRD ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฉื™ืงืŸ ืขืก ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจืš ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึท-ื‘ืึทื ื“ ืึทื ื˜ืขื ืข. ืึทื–ื•ื™, ืึท ืคึผืจื™ืงืขืจืกืขืจ ืฆื• ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ื˜ืขืจ ืกืึทื˜ืึทืœื™ื™ืฅ, LCRD ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ื›ื™ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ ืจืึทื“ื™ืึธ-ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื ืึทืกืึท ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืจื‘ื™ื˜ ืึทืจื•ื ืžืึทืจืก ืฆื• ื’ืจื™ื ื“ืŸ ืึทืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืœืึทื ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ ื ืขืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขืš ื˜ื™ืฃ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืขืงืกืคึผืœืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 2030 ืก.

ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืžืึทืจืก ืึธื ืœื™ื™ืŸ

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื™ืึธืจ, ืื‘ืจื”ื 'ืก ืžืึทื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืกืคึผืึทืกืขืึธืคึผืก ืงืึธื ืคึฟืขืจืขื ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืคึฟืจืึทื ืงืจื™ื™ึทืš ืžืื™ 2019. ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื‘ืืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ("ืžืึทืจืก ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืœืึทื ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืขืงืกืคึผืœืึธืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ - ืคึผืึธื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืขืœ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก ืื•ืŸ ืกืึทืœื•ืฉืึทื ื–") ืึธืคืคืขืจืก ืึท ื“ื™ื˜ื™ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ืคืจืึทืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜-ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ื ืกื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืกื˜ืจืึทื ืึธืฅ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืคึผืœืึทื ืขื˜.

ืขืกื˜ืึทืžืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืจื•ื 215 ืžื‘ื™ื˜ / s ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืึทื•ื ืœืึธื•ื“ื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ 28 ืžื‘ื™ื˜ / s ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ืคึผืœืึธืึทื“ื™ื ื’. ื“ื™ ืžืึทืจืก ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืขืœื  ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก: WiFi ืงืึทื•ื•ืขืจื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืคืœืึทืš ืขืงืกืคึผืœืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜, ืึท ืคึผืœืึทื ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ ื ืขืฅ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืคืœืึทืš ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจื“ ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืง, ืึท ื˜ื™ืฃ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ื ืขืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืจื™ื™ ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืคืึทืจืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจื˜ืœืขืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ืจื™ืกื™ื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืงืŸ ืจืขืกืคึผืึธื ืกืขืก ืฆื•. ืžืึทืจืก.

"ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผื™ื ื’ ืึทื–ืึท ื™ื ืคืจืึทืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจ, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ืคืจืื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ. ืขืก ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœ, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืงืกื™ืžื•ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืžืึทืจืก ืคื•ืŸ 2,67 ืึทื•. ืื™ืŸ ืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื“ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื•ื  - ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืงืึทื ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทืŸ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืึทืจืก ื›ื™ื™ื“ื– ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ, "ื–ืื’ื˜ ืื‘ืจื”ื. ืึทื–ืึท ืงืึทื ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทืŸ ืึทืงืขืจื– ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื™ืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื“ื™ืกืจืึทืคึผืฅ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืžืึทืจืก. "ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืึธืคึผืข ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื. ืึทืœืข ืœืึทื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืจื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืœ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืึทืจืก ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืคืึทืจืœื™ืจืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืึทืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืขืจื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืึธื›ืŸ. ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข, ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืœืึธืกืกืขืก ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื•ื  - ืงืึทื ืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืขืจ, 10-15 ื•ื•ืึธื›ืŸ. ืคึฟืึทืจ ืจืึธื•ื‘ืึทืฅ, ืึทื–ืึท ื’ืึทืคึผืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืกืงืขืจื™. ืึทื–ืึท ืืคื’ืขื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืžืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื–ื™ื™ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึธืจื“, ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ืœืึธื•ื ืœื™ื ืึทืก, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืึธื ืขืก. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ.

"ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืขืึธืจืขื˜ื™ืฉ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžื™ืฉืึทื ื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืึธืจื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืœ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ื˜ืขืจื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงื™ื™ึทืœืขื›ื™ืง ืขืงื•ื•ืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ืึทืœ ืึธืจื‘ื™ื˜ 17300 ืงื™ืœืืžืขื˜ืขืจ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืคืœืึทืš ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทืจืก," ื”ืืœื˜ ืื‘ืจื”ื. ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ, ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 1500 ืงื’ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ืจืขื˜ ืึท ื’ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืึทืœืก ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ X-ื‘ืึทื ื“, ืงืึท-ื‘ืึทื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ืงื™ื™ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืึทื•ืขืจื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื–ื•ื  - ืคึผืึทื ืึทืœื– ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 20-30 ืงื•ื•. ื–ื™ื™ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื˜ืึธืœืขืจืึทื ื˜ ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืง ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ - ื™ืกืขื ืฉืึทืœื™ TCP / IP, ื“ื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื“ ืฆื• ืฉืขืคึผืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืึทื ื’ ื“ื™ืœื™ื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื™ื ืขื•ื•ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ืœื™ ืคืึทืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืœืึทื ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก. ื“ื™ ืึธืจื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืœ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึธื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืกื˜ืจืึธื ืึทื•ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื”ื™ืงืœืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืึทื ืขื˜ ืก ื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืคืœืึทืš, ืžื™ื˜ ืขืจื“ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข.

"ื“ืขืจ ืงืจื™ื™ึทื–-ืงืึทืคึผืœื™ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืขืก ืจืึทื“ื•ืกืึทื– ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืขื ืึทื– ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืฆื• ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 250 ืžื‘ืคึผืก," ื–ืื’ื˜ ืื‘ืจื”ื. ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึทื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ืขืกื˜ืึทืžืึทืฅ ืึทื– ืึท ืžืขื ื’ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื–ืขืงืก 250-ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ืขื ืึทื– ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืืจืฃ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ 34 ืžื‘ืคึผืก ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืจื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืœ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ื˜ืขืจื–. ื“ืึธืก ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืึทื– ื ืึทืกืึท ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ ื ืึธืš ืึทื ื˜ืขื ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืœืขืš, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื˜ื™ื™ึทืขืจ. "ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืึธืจื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืœ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืงืขืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืงืŸ ืขืก ืกื™ื™ืžืึทืœื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ืึทืกืœื™ ืžื™ื˜ 125 ืžื‘ืคึผืก, ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ื˜ืขืจ ืฉื™ืงื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืœื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืฉื™ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข," ื–ืื’ื˜ ืื‘ืจื”ื. ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜, 34-ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืึทื ื˜ืขื ืึทื– ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืกื™ื™ืžืึทืœื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ืึทืกืœื™ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืกืคึผื™ื™ืกืงืจืึทืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืžืึธืœ, ืจื™ื–ืึทืœื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืึทื ื˜ืขื ืึทื– ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜. "ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹125 ืžื‘ืคึผืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ ืจื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืจื– ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืขื ืึทื– ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ืกื™ืข," ื”ืึธื˜ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜. "ืžืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ืขื ืึทื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืกืคึผื™ื“ื–."

ืฆื• ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ื  - ืงืึทื ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื, ืื‘ืจื”ื 'ืก ืžืึทื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ืคืืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืงืึทื˜ืขืจ ืึท ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ื˜ืขืจ ืกืึทื˜ืขืœื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืœ 4 / ืœ 5 ืคื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ-ืžืึทืจืก / ื–ื•ืŸ-ืขืจื“ ืึธืจื‘ื™ื˜. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš, ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ืงืึทื ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทืŸ ืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื“ื–, ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืฆื• ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ, ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืงืŸ ืกื™ื’ื ืึทืœื– ื“ื•ืจืš ืขืก. ืฆื•ื ื‘ืึทื“ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ, ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ืขื ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคืึทืœืŸ ืฆื• 100 ืงื‘ืคึผืก. ืคืฉื•ื˜, ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืกืึทืงืก.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ, ื“ื™ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜ ืึทืกื˜ืจืึทื ืึธืฅ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืึทืจืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ืคืึธื˜ืึธ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขืฆืœ, ื ื™ื˜ ืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืœื™ื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 40 ืžื™ื ื•ื˜. ืฆื•ืž ื’ืœื™ืง, ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื”ื™ื™ื˜ 'ืก ืืžื‘ื™ืฆื™ืขืก ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืืคื™ืœื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืคึผืœืึทื ืขื˜, ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืœืึทื ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜.

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