ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™-ืคืึทืงื˜ืึธืจ ืึธื˜ืขื ื˜ืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ SSH

"ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืฉืึธืœ" SSH ืื™ื– ืึท ื ืขืฅ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื’ืจื™ื ื“ืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืžื—ื ื•ืช, ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืจื˜ 22 (ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืฆื• ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ). SSH ืงืœื™ื™ืึทื ืฅ ืื•ืŸ SSH ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืจืขื›ื˜ื™ื’ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ. ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื ืขืฅ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื™ืŸ SSH, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืจื™ืžืึธื•ื˜ืœื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ, ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื™ืงืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทื•ื“ื™ืึธ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ื™ึทืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืึท ื™ื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ืงืึทื ืึทืœ, ืขื˜ืง. ืึทื—ื•ืฅ, ื“ื•ืจืš SOCKS ืคืจืืงืกื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ืฆื• ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืžื—ื ื•ืช ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ื™ื›ืึทืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก.

ืึธื˜ืขื ื˜ืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืึทืงืขืจื– ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคึผืึทืจืึธืœ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ืื•ืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืึทื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืึธืจืก ื˜ืจืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ SSH ืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืŸ. ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืื™ื– ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืœืขืŸ. ืึทื“ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืคึผืึทืกืกืคืจืึทืกืข ื˜ื”ืขืึธืจืขื˜ื™ืงืึทืœืœื™ ืคึผืจืึทื˜ืขืงืฅ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื’ื ื™ื™ื•ื•ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืึธืจื•ื•ืขืจื“ื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทื˜ืฉื™ื ื’ ืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืŸ, ื–ื™ื™ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืึธืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’. ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™-ืคืึทืงื˜ืึธืจ ืึธื˜ืขื ื˜ืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืกืึทืœื•ื•ื– ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื.

ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืžืขื ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™-ืคืึทืงื˜ืึธืจ ืึธื˜ืขื ื˜ืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ

ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ Honeycomb ืœืขืฆื˜ื ืก ืืจื•ื™ืก ื“ื™ื˜ื™ื™ืœื“ ื™ื ืกื˜ืจืึทืงืฉืึทื ื–, ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืžืขื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื™ื ืคืจืึทืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ.

ื“ื™ ื™ื ืกื˜ืจืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ื™ื‘ืขืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืึธืคืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ (ื‘ืึทืกื˜ืฉืึทืŸ). ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืœืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืคึผืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจืก ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืึทืงืกืขืก ืึทืœืข ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ืขืก. 2FA ื™ื ืฉื•ืจื– ืึทื– ืึท ืึทื˜ืึทืงืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืืคื™ืœื• ืื•ื™ื‘ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทืงืกืขืก ืฆื• ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืคึผ, ืœืžืฉืœ ื“ื•ืจืš ื™ื ืกื˜ืึธืœื™ื ื’ ืžืึทืœื•ื•ืึทืจืข.

ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– OTP

ืึธื˜ืคึผ - ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ืคึผืึทืกื•ื•ืขืจื“ื–, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ SSH ืึธื˜ืขื ื˜ืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ. ื“ื™ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื“ืขืืœ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืึท ืึทื˜ืึทืงืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ื›ืึทืคึผืŸ ืึท ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ืœ ื‘ืึทืกื˜ืฉืึทืŸ, ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืกืขืคึผื˜ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืขืก. ืื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜, ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ Chef config:

  • metadata.rb
  • attributes/default.rb (ืคึฟื•ืŸ attributes.rb)
  • files/sshd
  • recipes/default.rb (ืงืึธืคึผื™ ืคื•ืŸ recipe.rb)
  • templates/default/users.oath.erb

ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ืคึผ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜: Google Authenticator, Authy, Duo, Lastpass, ืื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ brew install oath-toolkit ืึธื“ืขืจ apt install oathtool openssl, ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืึท ื˜ืจืึทืค - ื‘ืึทืกืข16 ืฉื˜ืจื™ืงืœ (ืฉืœื™ืกืœ) ืื™ื– ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงืึธื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขื“ ืฆื• ื“ื™ Base32 ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจื™ืจืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ืึธื˜ืขื ื˜ืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื– ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืึธืจื˜ื™ื“ ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ.

ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ืฆื• Bastion ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขืŸ ืึทื– ืขืก ืื™ืฆื˜ ืจื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืจื– ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึท ืคึผืึทืกืกืคืจืึทืกืข, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืึทืŸ ืึธื˜ืคึผ ืงืึธื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึธื˜ืขื ื˜ืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ:

โžœ ssh -A bastion
Enter passphrase for key '[snip]': 
One-time password (OATH) for '[user]': 
Welcome to Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS...

ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื™ื™ึทื–ื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืึธื˜ืขื ื˜ืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ, ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืฆื• ืึทืจื™ื™ึทืŸ ื“ื™ OTP ืงืึธื“ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืžืึธืœ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข ืคืึทืงื˜ืึธืจ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึทื–ื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืึธืžืขื˜ืจื™ืง.

ื“ืึธ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืขืฃ ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืžืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื“ืขืคึผืขื ื“ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืึทืก. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืงืึทืžืคึผืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืขืคึผืก, ืงืœื™ื™ืึทื ืฅ ืื•ื™ืฃ MacOS ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืึธื˜ืขื ื˜ืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ SSH ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืึท ืคึผืึทืกืกืคืจืึทืกืข ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ ืึท ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืกืขื ืกืขืจ (ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืงื˜ืึธืจ).

ื™ืึธืก ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืจื•ื™ื“ ืึธื•ื ืขืจื– ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืœืึธื’ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืจื™ื ื’ืœืขืš ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงื ืขืคึผืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืกืžืึทืจื˜ืคืึธื ืข. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืคึฟื•ืŸ Krypt.co, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืขืจ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ OTP.

ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก / ChromeOS ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึทืŸ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ YubiKey USB ื˜ืึธืงืขื ืก. ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ืึท ืึทื˜ืึทืงืขืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืึทื ื•ื•ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ืžืขืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืกืกืคืจืึทืกืข.

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’