IETF ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืงื˜ ACME - ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืกืกืœ ืกืขืจื˜ื™ืคื™ืงืึทืฅ

IETF ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืงื˜ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืึธื˜ืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ืกืขืจื˜ื™ืคื™ืงืึทื˜ ืžืึทื ืึทื’ืขืžืขื ื˜ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข (ACME), ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืขืœืคึฟืŸ ืึธื˜ืึทืžื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื‘ืึธืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืกืกืœ ืกืขืจื˜ื™ืคื™ืงืึทืฅ. ื–ืืœ ืก ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืขืก ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜.

IETF ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืงื˜ ACME - ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืกืกืœ ืกืขืจื˜ื™ืคื™ืงืึทืฅ
/ืคืœื™ืงืจ/ ืงืœื™ืค ื–ืฉืื ืกืืŸ / CC BY-SA

ืคืืจื•ื•ืืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ื“ืืจืฃ?

ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืคึผืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ SSL ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืคืขืœื“, ื“ืขืจ ืึทื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืจื™ื™ ืฉืขื”. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื™ื™ึทื–, ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ืคืืจื•ื•ืืจืคืŸ, ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ. ืึทืœืข ื“ืขื ืžืื›ื˜ ืขืก ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ืฆืขื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก-ื•ื•ืึธื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ.

ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื“ ื•ื•ืึทืœืึทื“ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขื“ื•ืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืกืขืจื˜ืึทืคืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ. ืคืขืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ืขืจื“ื™ื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืžืืœ ืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก. ื‘ืึทืจื™ืžื˜ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืึท ื–ืฉื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ืื™ื™ืŸ CA ื•ื•ืขืจืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ืึทืœืข ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธื•ืžื™ื™ื ื–. ืื™ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก, ืกืกืœ ืกืขืจื˜ื™ืคื™ืงืึทืฅ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืฆื• ืคืจืึธื“ื–ืฉืึทืœืึทื ื˜ ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ.

IETF ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืงื˜ ACME ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ (ืกืคึผืขืกื™ืคื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ RFC8555) ื–ืึธืœ ืึธื˜ืึทืžื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœื™ื™ื– ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื™ืœื™ืžืึทื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืคืึทืงื˜ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืขืœืคึฟืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ืœื™ื™ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื“ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืึทืคืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ.

ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืื™ื– ืึธืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจ ืขืก ื™ื– ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืจืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’. ืื™ืŸ ืจื™ืคึผืึทื–ืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ GitHub ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืง ืื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืงืฆื™ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก.

ื•ื•ื™ ืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก

ืจื™ืงื•ื•ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืืจื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ACME ืื™ื‘ืขืจ HTTPS ื ื™ืฆืŸ JSON ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ. ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ, ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ACME ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ืœ ื ืึธื“ืข; ืขืก ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ืฅ ืึท ื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืง ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืคึผืึธืจ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืจ ืึทืงืกืขืก ื“ื™ CA. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš, ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืฆื˜ ืฆื• ืฆื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ.

ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืึธื ื–ืึธื’ ื›ึผื•ืœืœ ืงืึธื ื˜ืึทืงื˜ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื“ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ืฆืขืจ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื—ืชืžืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ. ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจืึทืคื™ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืึธื˜ืึทื ื˜ื™ืกื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ืกื™ืžืข ืื•ืŸ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืกื“ืจ, ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขื“ื•ืจ ืฆื• ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึท SSL ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ.

ืฆื• ืงืจื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ืึทื– ืขืจ ืึธื•ื ื– ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื“. ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก, ืขืจ ืคึผืขืจืคืึธืจืžื– ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ืฆืขืจ. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืึท ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืื•ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ ืึท ื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืง ืกื™ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืคึผืœืึทืฅ. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš, ื“ื™ CA ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื ืก ืึธื ืคึฟืจืขื’ ืฆื• ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงืจื™ื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืกื™ืžืขืŸ.

ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื˜ืคึผ, ื“ืขืจ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืžืขืŸ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืขืงืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื“ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ. ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ื ืก ื•ื•ืขืจืึทืคืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื˜ืึทืคืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื˜ืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืง ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื ืก ืจืขืงืึธืจื“. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ื’ื•ื˜, ื“ืขืจ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ืงืึทื ืคืขืจืžื– ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืึทืœืึทื“ื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ CA ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ.

IETF ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืงื˜ ACME - ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืกืกืœ ืกืขืจื˜ื™ืคื™ืงืึทืฅ
/ืคืœื™ืงืจ/ Blondinrikard Frรถberg / CC BY

ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ

ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœื•ื™ื˜ IETF, ACME ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืึธืจืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืคืœ ืคืขืœื“ ื ืขืžืขืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืขืœืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ SSLs.

ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื“ื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ื™ื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ, ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจืฅ ืื•ื™ืš ื˜ืึธืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืžื–. ื–ื™ื™ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืขื ืฉื•ืจ ืึทื– ืกืกืœ ืกืขืจื˜ื™ืคื™ืงืึทืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืฆื• ืขื›ื˜ ืคืขืœื“ ืึธื•ื ืขืจื–. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ, ืึท ืกื›ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืงืกื˜ืขื ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื™ืฆืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ื ืก ืื ืคืืœืŸ DNSSEC, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื™ืฆืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ DoS, ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืœื™ืžืึทืฅ ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืจื™ืงื•ื•ืขืก - ืœืžืฉืœ, HTTP ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืื•ืคึฟืŸ ืคึผืึธืกื˜ืŸ. ACME ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ื–ื™ืš ืจืขืงืึธืžืขื ื“ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ืขืกืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜, ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืขื ื˜ืจืึธืคึผื™ ืฆื• ื“ื ืก ืงื•ื•ื™ืจื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืกืคื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืคืœ ืคื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ.

ืขื ืœืขื›ืข ืกืึทืœื•ืฉืึทื ื–

ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืฆื• ืงืจื™ื’ืŸ ืกืขืจื˜ื™ืคื™ืงืึทืฅ SCEP ะธ EST.

ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ ื‘ื™ื™ Cisco Systems. ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขื“ื•ืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ X.509 ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ืกืขืจื˜ื™ืคื™ืงืึทืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืขืก ื•ื•ื™ ืกืงืึทืœืึทื‘ืœืข ื•ื•ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš. ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ SCEP, ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืึธื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืึทื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืึธืจืก ืื•ืŸ ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ืึธื’ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜. ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜.

ื•ื•ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ EST, ืขืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– PKI ืงืœื™ื™ืึทื ืฅ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืกืขืจื˜ื™ืคื™ืงืึทืฅ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื˜ืฉืึทื ืึทืœื–. ืขืก ื ื™ืฆื˜ TLS ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึธื ื–ืึธื’ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ SSL ื™ืฉื•ืึทื ืก, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื“ื™ CSR ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืกืขื ื“ืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, EST ืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ื™ืœื™ืคึผื˜ื™ืงืึทืœ ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ ืžืขื˜ื”ืึธื“ืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืจื™ื™ื™ืฅ ืึทืŸ ื ืึธืš ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜.

ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžื•ืžื—ื” ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’, ืกืึทืœื•ืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ื™ ACME ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ืกืคึผืจืขื“. ื–ื™ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืึท ืกื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ SSL ืกืขื˜ืึทืคึผ ืžืึธื“ืขืœ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก.

ื ืึธืš ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคึฟื™ืจืžืข ื‘ืœืึธื’:

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’