ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืคืืงื˜ืŸ

ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืคืืงื˜ืŸ
ืงืึทืกืขืก ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื™ื ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ืึธืจ ืงืจื™ื™ื™ืฅ ืึท ืงืึธืžืคึผืœืขืงืก ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืงืึทืœ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืจืึทืฆืŸ, ืจื™ืœื™ื™ื™ื ื’ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’, ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ. ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื”ืขืจืฉืŸ, ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืกืขืงืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ืึทืจื“ืก ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืฆื™ื™ื˜. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื ืึทืœ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคืึธืจ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื ื™ื˜-ื•ื•ืึทืœืึทื˜ืึทืœ NAND ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ืงื•ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜-ืื™ืŸ ื•ืกื‘ ืคึผืึธืจื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจ ืฆื• ืึท ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืœ. ืื–ื•ื™, ืื™ืŸ ืกื“ืจ ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืงืขืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผ, ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืจืง, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ืฉืคึผื•ืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ื™ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืก ื–ื™ืš, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืงืึธืจืึทืกืคึผืึทื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“, ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ืžื™ืจ. ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืขืงืกื™ืกื˜ื™ืจืŸ. ื–ืืœ ืก ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก.

ืกืขืžื™ืงืึทื ื“ืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืžืขืงืŸ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืขื“ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืžื™ื˜ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืึท ื”ืึทืœื‘ ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง: ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ EPROM ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื ื–ืฉืขื ื™ืจ ื“ื•ื‘ ืคืจืึธืžืึทืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื™ืŸ 1971.

ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืคืืงื˜ืŸ
Dov Froman, EPROM ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจ

ืจืึธืžืก, ื™ื ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืžื™ืงืจืึธืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœืœืขืจืก (ืœืžืฉืœ, Intel 8048 ืึธื“ืขืจ Freescale 68HC11), ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื•ืžืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืจื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–. ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืžื™ื˜ EPROM ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจืœื™ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขื“ื•ืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืขืงืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข: ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื, ื“ื™ ื™ื ืึทื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืงืจื™ื™ึทื– ื”ืื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืจื™ื™ื“ื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืœื˜ืจืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ืึทืœื™ื˜ ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืจื•ื. ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืขืก ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ UV ืคืึธื˜ืึทื ื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื™ื“ืขืคื“ื™ืง ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ืก ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืฆื• ื“ื™ืกืึทืคึผื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืฆืึธืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคืœืึธื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจ.

ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืคืืงื˜ืŸ
EPROM ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืคึฟืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืขืงืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ, ื‘ืื“ืขืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื•ื•ืึทืจืฅ ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืขืก

ื“ื ื ื”ื ื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ ืŸ ืฆืฐ ืฒ ื‘ืื“ืฒื˜ื ื“ื™ืง ืข ืื•ืžื‘ืืงื•ื•ืขืžืœืขื›ืงืฒื˜ืŸ . ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืžืขืงืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืฉืคึผืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื˜ื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืงื•ื•ืขืงื–ื™ืœื‘ืขืจ ืœืึธืžืคึผ, ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ, ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžื™ื ื•ื˜. ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš, ืึท ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืขื ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืคืœื•ืจืขืกืึทื ื˜ ืœืึธืžืคึผ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื•ื™ืกืžืขืงืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืฉืคึผืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ืœื™ื ืงืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ ื–ื•ื ืฉื™ื™ึทืŸ, ืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธื›ืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืึธืจ ืจื™ื™ืŸ ืขืก. ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื ืก, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืคืขืก ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืขื“, ืกืขืœืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ื“ื™ืœื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ื˜ืขืงืข ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื ืึธืš ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขืš: ื“ื™ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ EPROM ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ืœืขื’ืึทืžืจืข.

ื“ื™ ืœื™ืกื˜ืขื“ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืกืึทืœื•ื•ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืก. ืื™ืŸ 1977, ืืœื™ ื”ืืจืึทืจื™ (ืื’ื‘, ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขื˜ ืกืึทื ื“ื™ืกืง, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ 'ืก ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืžืึทื ื™ืึทืคืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืžื™ื“ื™ืึท ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ), ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืคืขืœื“ ื™ืžื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข, ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ ื“ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืึทื˜ื™ื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ EEPROM - ืึท ืจืึทื ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื™ืจื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’, ื•ื•ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’, ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืจื™ื™ืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืง.

ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืคืืงื˜ืŸ
Eli Harari, ื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ SanDisk, ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืกื“ ืงืึทืจื“ืก

ื“ืขืจ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ EEPROM ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ื™ื™ื“ืขื ื™ืงืึทืœ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ NAND ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ: ืึท ืคืœืึธื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืึธืคึผืฆืึธืœ ื˜ืจืขื’ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคืขืจื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืง ืœื™ื™ึทืขืจืก ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื ืขืœ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’. ื“ื™ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืกืขืœื– ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™-ื“ื™ืžืขื ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืžืขื ื’ืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืขืก ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืกืžืขืงืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืึทื“ืจืขืก. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื•, EEPROM ื”ืื˜ ืึท ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ื•ื˜ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ: ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฆืขืœ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจืจื™ื˜ืึทืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 1 ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ ืžืืœ.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืœืฅ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืึธื–ืขื•ื•ืข. ื›ึผื“ื™ ืฆื• ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืžืขืงืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืฉ, ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ืื™ื ืกื˜ืืœื™ืจืŸ ืึทืŸ ื ืึธืš ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืฆืขืœ ืฆื• ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืงืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก. ืื™ืฆื˜ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 3 ื•ื•ื™ืจืขืก ืคึผืขืจ ืžืขื ื’ืข ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ (1 ื–ื™ื™ึทืœ ื“ืจืึธื˜ ืื•ืŸ 2 ืจื•ื“ืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจืขืก), ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืจื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืžืึทื˜ืจื™ืฅ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ ืžืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืจื˜ ืขืจื ืกื˜ ืกืงื™ื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก. ื“ืขื ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืึทื– ืงืจื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื ื™ืึทื˜ื•ืจืข ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืจืึทื ื˜ื™ื“ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืฉื™ื.

ื–ื™ื ื˜ ืึท ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ืง ืžืึธื“ืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืขืžื™ืงืึทื ื“ืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ืจืึทื ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืขืงืกื™ืกื˜ื™ืจื˜, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ืคืืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืžื™ืงืจืึธืกื™ืจืงื•ื™ืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืžืขืจ ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ. ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืจืึทื•ื ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืื™ืŸ 1984, ื•ื•ืขืŸ Fujio Masuoka, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธืฉื™ื‘ืึท ืงืึธืจืคึผืึธืจืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ, ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืึทื˜ื™ื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜-ื•ื•ืึทืœืึทื˜ืึทืœ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืืฆื™ืื ืืœืข ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืคืึทืจื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’, ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืงืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ื™ืง ืขื ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื™ืจื– (IEEE) .

ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืคืืงื˜ืŸ
Fujio Masuoka, ื“ืขืจ "ืคืื˜ืขืจ" ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ

ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’, ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื™ื ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ืึทื“ ื“ื•ืจืš Fujio, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจืš ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื ืข ื—ื‘ืจื™ื, Shoji Ariizumi, ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืจื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืจื™ืžื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื“ ืื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ (ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื ื’ืœื™ืฉ "ื‘ืœื™ืฅ" - "ื‘ืœื™ืฅ"). . ื ื™ื˜ ืขื ืœืขืš EEPROM, ืคืœืึทืฉ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ MOSFETs ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ื ืึธืš ืคืœืึธื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผ-ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืขืก ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืขืœื™ืžื™ื ื™ืจืŸ ื•ืžื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ื‘ืืžืช ืžื™ื ื™ืึทื˜ื•ืจืข ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืก.

ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜ ืกืึทืžืคึผืึทืœื– ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืœ ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืก ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ NOR (ื ื™ื˜-ืึธื“ืขืจ) ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข, ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืœืึธื ื˜ืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ 1988. ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ EEPROM, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžืึทื˜ืจื™ืฅ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™-ื“ื™ืžืขื ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืžืขื ื’ืข, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ืฆืขืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืกืขืงืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืจื•ื“ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ื™ึทืœ (ื“ื™ ืงืึธืจืึทืกืคึผืึทื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืงืึธื ื“ื•ืงื˜ืึธืจืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืงื•ืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ. ืฆื• ืึท ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ืกืึทื‘ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื˜). ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 1989, ื˜ืึธืฉื™ื‘ืึท ื™ื ื˜ืจืึธื•ื“ื•ืกื˜ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ, ื’ืขืจื•ืคึฟืŸ NAND. ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื’ืข ื”ืื˜ ืึท ืขื ืœืขืš ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื ืึธื•ื“ื–, ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืขืœ, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืกืึทืงื•ื•ืขื ื˜ืฉืึทืœื™ ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืึธื ืขืก. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ MOSFETs ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ืจื”: ืึท ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืฉื•ืจื” ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื™ึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืขืœื–, ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืขืจื“ ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจ.

ื ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืงืงืึทื’ื™ื ื’ ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื’ืขื”ืึธืœืคึฟืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืึธืŸ ืก ืงืึทืคึผืึทืฆื™ื˜ืขื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ / ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืžืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืกื™ื‘ื”, ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ื’ืึธืจ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื™ึทื˜ืŸ NOR, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ ืึท ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืžื‘ืขื“ื™ื“ ืจืึธืžืก. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, NAND ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™ื“ืขืึทืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก - ืกื“ ืงืึทืจื“ืก ืื•ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–.

ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’, ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ 2000, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ื“ืจืึทืคึผื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืœืึทื›ืึธื“ื™ืž ืžืึทืจืง ืงืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœืŸ. ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ 'ืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื•ืกื‘ ืคืึธืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื˜ืฉื™ื™ืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคื™ืจืžืข M-Systems: ืึท ืกืึธืœื™ื“ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคืึธืจ ื“ื™ืกืงืึธื ืงื™ื™ (ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ื•ื•ื™ "ื“ื™ืกืง-ืื•ื™ืฃ-ืงื™ื™ื˜ืฉืึทื™ืŸ", ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ื”ืื˜ ืึท ืžืขื˜ืึทืœ ืจื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืขืก ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคืึธืจ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื‘ื™ื ื˜ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืŸ) ืื™ื– ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืขื ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื™ืจื– ืืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทื ืึธื, ื“ื•ื‘ ืžืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืจืึทืŸ ืึธื’ื“ืึทืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ $ 8 ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืžื™ื ื™ืึทื˜ื•ืจืข ืžื™ื˜ืœ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ 3,5 ืžื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืงืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื™ึทื˜ืŸ ืคื™ืœืข 50-ืื™ื ื˜ืฉ ืคืœืึทืคึผื™ ื“ื™ืกืงืก.

ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืคืืงื˜ืŸ
DiskOnKey - ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ 'ืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคื™ืจืžืข M-Systems

ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ืคืึทืงื˜: ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ืข ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ, DiskOnKey ื”ืื˜ ืึท ื‘ืึทืึทืžื˜ืขืจ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ IBM. "ืœืึธื•ืงืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“" ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ืึธื ืขืก, ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื•ื™ืกื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืึธื’ืึธ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคืจืึธื ื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคื™ืœืข ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ืงืึทืœื™ ืึทื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื•ืกื‘ ืคืึธืจ ืฆื• ืึทืŸ ืืžืขืจื™ืงืื ืขืจ ืงืึธืจืคึผืึธืจืึทืฆื™ืข.

ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืคืืงื˜ืŸ
ื“ื™ืกืงืึธื ืงื™ื™, ื™ื‘ื ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ

ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืึธื“ืขืœ, ืžืžืฉ ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ, ืžืขืจ ื’ื•ื•ืึทืœื“ื™ืง ืžืึธื“ื™ืคื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก ืคื•ืŸ DiskOnKey ืžื™ื˜ 16 ืื•ืŸ 32 ืžื‘ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืคืจื™ื™ื˜, ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึทืกืงื™ื ื’ ืจื™ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœื™ $ 100 ืื•ืŸ $ 150. ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื–, ื“ื™ ืงืึธืžื‘ื™ื ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืกืึธืœื™ื“ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก, ืงืึทืคึผืึทืฆื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ / ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ (ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 10 ืžืืœ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืคืœืึทืคึผื™ ื“ื™ืกืงืก) ืึทืคึผื™ืœื“ ืฆื• ืคื™ืœืข ื‘ื•ื™ืขืจืก. ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ, ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ืจื™ื•ืžืคืึทืœ ืžืึทืจืฅ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืคึผืœืึทื ืขื˜.

ืื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืจื™ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืขืœื“: ื“ืขืจ ืฉืœืึทื›ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ืกื‘

ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืึท ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคืึธืจ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคืึธืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกืึทืœ ืกื™ืจื™ืึทืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืึธื‘ื•ืก ืกืคึผืขืกื™ืคื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืคื™ื ืฃ ื™ืึธืจ ืคืจื™ืขืจ - ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ืึทื‘ืจื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื•ืกื‘ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืจื•ืคึฟืŸ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืžืขืจ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš.

ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื”ืขืจืฉืŸ, ื ื™ื™ึท ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคื™ื™ืกื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ืึทืจื“ืก ืื™ืŸ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ ืงื•ื•ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืขื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืจื™ืกืขืก, ืึธืคื˜ ืืคื™ืœื• ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ืขืฆื•ื•ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ืคืึธืจืกืขืก ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืึท ื™ื•ื ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคืึทืจืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืžื™ื˜ ืกื“ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืงืึทืจื“ืก: ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืงืึทืจื“ ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ 1999 ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึทื ื“ื™ืกืง, ื˜ืึธืฉื™ื‘ืึท ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทื ืึทืกืึธื ื™ืง, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ืึทืจื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื’ืขืจืึธื˜ืŸ ืึทื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทื•ื•ืึธืจื“ื™ื“ ื“ื™ ื™ื ื“ืึทืกื˜ืจื™. ื˜ื™ื˜ืœ ื ืึธืจ ืึท ื™ืึธืจ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ. ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜, ื“ื™ SD ืงืึทืจื“ ืึทืกืกืึธืกื™ืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ื”ืื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ 1000 ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทื ื™ืขืก, ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ืขื ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื™ืจื– ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผื™ื ื’ ื™ื’ื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกืคึผืขืกืึทืคืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืงืึทืจื“ืก.

ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืคืืงื˜ืŸ

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืœื™ืง, ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื•ืกื‘ ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื™ื™ื“ืขื ื™ืงืึทืœ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขื˜ืจืืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกืขืงื•ืจืข ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ. ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืคืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืข ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจืก ืžืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ-ืคืจื™ื™ึทื ื“ืœืขืš, ื™ื™ึทื–ื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืžืึทื ื™ืึทืคืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจืขืจื– ื“ืืจืฃ, ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข, ืึท ื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกืึทืœ ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืขืจื™ืคืขืจืึทืœืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ื”ื™ื™ืก ืคึผืœืึทื’ื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ื ืึธืš ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ื“ื™ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื™ื•ื ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืขืก ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืคืจื™ื™ึทืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ "ื–ืึธืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืึธืจื˜ืŸ" ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืจืฅ (COM, LPT, PS/2, MIDI-port, RS-232, ืขื˜ืง.), ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคืึทืจืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืจืขื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผื™ื ื’ ื ื™ื™ึท ื•ื™ืกืจื™ื›ื˜, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก.

ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜, ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื ืฆืืœ ืงืืžืคื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ ืงืืžืคืื ืขื ื˜ืŸ, ืคืขืจื™ืคืขืจื™ืฉืข, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืืคืขืจืก, ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืœ, ืžื™ื™ืงืจืืกืืคื˜, ืคื™ืœื™ืคึผืก, ืื•ืŸ ื™ื•.ืขืก. ืจืื‘ืื˜ื™ืงืก, ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขื ื’ืขื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืคืืจื–ื•ืš ืฆื• ื’ืขืคื™ื ืขืŸ ื ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื–ืืžืขืŸ ื ืขื ืขืจ ื•ื•ืืก ื•ื•ืืœื˜ ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืืœืข ืฉืคื™ืœืขืจ, ื•ื•ืืก ืื™ื– ืขื•ื•ืขื ื˜ื•ืขืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ื™ื•.ืขืก.ื‘ื™. ืžื™ื™ืงืจืืกืืคื˜ ื”ืื˜ ืฉื˜ืืจืง ื‘ื™ื™ื’ืขื˜ืจืื’ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืคืืคื•ืœืืจื™ื–ืืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขื ื ื™ื™ืขื ืกื˜ืื ื“ืืจื˜, ืฆื•ืœื™ื™ื’ื ื“ื™ื’ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืข ืคืืจืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคื™ื™ืก ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื™ืŸ Windows 95 (ื“ืขืจ ืงืืจืขืกืคืื ื“ื™ืจื ื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืคึผืึทื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืก ืจื™ืœื™ืก 2), ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ืจื˜ ื“ืขื ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจื™ืœื™ืก ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข Windows 98. ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทืจื“ื•ื•ืขืจ ืคืจืึธื ื˜, ืื™ื– ื”ื™ืœืฃ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืžืงื•ืจ: ืื™ืŸ 1998, ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ iMac G3 ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืœืึธื–ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืึธืจืŸ - ืขืคึผืœ'ืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืึทืœ-ืื™ืŸ-ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืš USB ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟื•ื˜ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืคึผืขืจื™ืคึฟืขืจื™ืฉืข ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก (ื—ื•ืฅ ืึท ืžื™ืงืจืึธืคึฟืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื›ืขื“ืคืึธื•ื ื–). ื“ื™ 180-ื’ืจืึทื“ ื“ืจื™ื™ (ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืคึผืœ ื–ื™ืš ืคึฟืึทืจืœืึธื–ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ FireWire) ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืขืจืกื˜ื ืก ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืกื˜ื™ื•ื• ื“ื–ืฉืึธื‘ืก' ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ CEO ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข ื“ืขื ืคึฟืจื™ึดืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ื™ืึธืจ.

ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืคืืงื˜ืŸ
ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœ iMac G3 ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ "ื•ืกื‘ ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ"

ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜, ื“ื™ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกืึทืœ ืกื™ืจื™ืึทืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืึธื‘ื•ืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื™ืœ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงื“ื™ืง, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ืกื‘ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื– ืœืึทืจื’ืขืœื™ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื’ืึท-ืงืึธืจืคึผืึธืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืึธื“ืขืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ืจืžืข, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ. - ืึทืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืœ ื™ื ื–ืฉืขื ื™ืจ ืื™ื ื“ื™ืึทื ื™ืฉืขืจ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืกืŸ Ajay Bhatt.

ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืคืืงื˜ืŸ
Ajay Bhatt, ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืื™ื“ืขืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืืฉืขืคืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ืกื‘ ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“

ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื™ืŸ 1992, Ajay ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืึทื– "ืคืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืข ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ" ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื˜ืึทืงืข ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ. ืืคื™ืœื• ืึท ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืœื™ืง ื•ื•ื™ ืงืึทื ืขืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึท ื“ืจื•ืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ืึท ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืงื•ื•ืึทืœืึทืคืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ (ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ, ืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ืึทืŸ ืึธืคื™ืก ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื™ืกื–ืึธื’ื•ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืกืึทืคื™ืกื˜ืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื–?) ืื™ื ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขื ื“ืŸ ืฆื• ืกืคึผืขืฉืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ืกืคึผืขืฉืึทืœืึทืกืฅ . ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ืœื™ื ืงืก ื•ื•ื™ ืขืก ืื™ื–, ื“ื™ ืคึผื™ืกื™ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึท ืžืึทืกืข ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืึทื– ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 10 ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ ื™ื•ื–ืขืจื– ืึทืจื•ื ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืืคื™ืœื• ื“ืจื™ืžื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื™ื ื˜ืขืœ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืงืจืึธืกืึธืคึฟื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ืขืจื“ื™ื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ, ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื™ืžืขืจื“ื–ืฉืึทื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ PCI ื•ื™ื˜ืึธื‘ื•ืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ Plug&Play ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืฃ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ Bhatt, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึธืงื•ืก ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื•ืช ืกืคึผืึทืกื™ืคื™ืงืœื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกืึทืœ ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึทื ืขืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคึผืขืจื™ืคืขืจืึทืœืก, ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ื“ื•ืจื›ื•ื™ืก. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืœ: Ajay ืก ื‘ืึทืœื“ื™ืง ื”ืขื›ืขืจ, ื ืึธืš ืฆื•ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื™ื ื–ืฉืขื ื™ืจ, ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขื–ืื’ื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ ืึทื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ.

ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš Ajay ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืงื•ืงืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœืขืœ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื•ืกื˜ ื™ื ื˜ืขืœ ืจื™ืกืขืจื˜ืฉืขืจื– (ื™ื ื˜ืขืœ ื™ื•ื ื’ืขืจืžืึทืŸ) Fred Pollack, ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื•ืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ืจืŸ ื™ื ื–ืฉืขื ื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ Intel iAPX 432 ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืึทืจื›ื™ื˜ืขืงื˜. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ Intel i960, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ื’ืจื™ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘: ื“ื™ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก-ื•ื•ืึธื’ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืžืึทืจืง ืคึผืœื™ื™ึทืขืจืก. ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ, ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ "ืึธืจื“ืขื ื•ื ื’" ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื™ึท ื”ืื˜ ืฆื• ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืœ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื–ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืขื ื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื™ื™ึทื–ื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืžืึทื ื™ืึทืคืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจืขืจื–.

ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืคืืงื˜ืŸ
ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ื•ื™ืขืจื˜ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืึท ื™ืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ืึทืœื‘ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคื™ืœืข ื“ื™ืกืงื•ืกื™ืขืก, ืึทืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ืึทืœื– ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื ืกื˜ืึธืจืžื™ื ื’ ืกืขืฉืึทื ื–. ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ืขื ืฆื™ื™ื˜, Ajay ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื–ืฉื•ื™ื ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš Bala Kadambi, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืึทื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ืคืึทืจืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจื˜ืœืขืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ PCI ืื•ืŸ Plug&Play ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ Intel ืก ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ I/O ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ืึทืจื“ืก, ืื•ืŸ Jim Pappas, ืึทืŸ ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ I/O ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ. ื–ื•ืžืขืจ 1994 ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ืขื ื“ืœื™ืš ื’ืขืœื•ื ื’ืŸ ืฆื• ืคืืจืžื™ืจืŸ ื ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืก ื’ืจื•ืคืข ืื•ืŸ ืื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื ื ืขื ื˜ืขืจืข ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขื ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืคื™ืจืžืขืก.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ื™ืึธืจ, Ajay ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึทื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ื‘ืื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ 50 ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทื ื™ืขืก, ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ืขื›ืกื˜ ืกืคึผืขืฉืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ืขื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืจื™ืกืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ื–ืฉื™ื™ืึทื ืฅ ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ Compaq, DEC, IBM ืื•ืŸ NEC. ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ืœ ืกื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ืžืžืฉ 24/7: ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื™ ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื™ืึธื• ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืคื™ืœืข ืžื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ื–, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ึท ื ืึทื›ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ืจืืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื ื™ืจื‘ื™ื™ ื“ื™ื ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึทืžืฃ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’.

ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ื“ืขื ื ื•ืกื— ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืงืขืŸ ื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข. ืคื•ื ื“ืขืกื˜ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ, ืึทืœืข ื“ืขื ื”ืื˜ ืคืจื•ื›ื˜: ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜, ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืคืึทืกืึทื˜ื™ื“ ื˜ื™ืžื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ, ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืขื ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื™ืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื‘ื ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทืง, ืกืคึผืขืฉืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ, ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื™ื ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ื•ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืœ ืื•ืŸ NEC ื–ื™ืš, ืคึผืจืึธื•ื’ืจืึทืžืขืจื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงืจื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–, ื“ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืจืก ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ (ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืงืจืึธืกืึธืคึฟื˜), ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืกืคึผืขืฉืึทืœืึทืกืฅ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืกื™ื™ืžืึทืœื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ืึทืก ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคืจืึทื ืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืœืขืกืึธืฃ ื’ืขื”ืึธืœืคึฟืŸ ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืึท ื‘ืืžืช ืคืœืขืงืกืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกืึทืœ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ.

ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืคืืงื˜ืŸ
Ajay Bhatt ืื•ืŸ Bala Kadambi ื‘ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ืจืืคืขื™ืฉืขืจ ื™ื ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ืึธืจ ืึทื•ื•ืึทืจื“ ืฆืขืจืขืžืึธื ื™ืข

ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื“ื™ ืžืึทื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ืคื•ืŸ Ajay ื’ืขืจืื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืจื™ืœื™ืึทื ื˜ืœื™ ืกืึธืœื•ื•ืข ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ (ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทื ื™ืขืก, ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ ืงืึธืžืคึผืขื˜ื™ื˜ืึธืจืก) ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืฉ (ื“ื•ืจืš ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึทืš), ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜ ืึทื– ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ ื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืึทืžืงื™ื™ึทื˜ - ื“ื™ ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืฉ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคึผืฉืจื•ืช. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืœืึทื ื’ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึธื˜ ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ื•ืกื‘ ื˜ื™ืคึผ-ื, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธื’, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ-ืกื™ื™ื“ืึทื“. ื ืึธืš ืึทืœืข, ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืืžืช ื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกืึทืœ ืงืึทื‘ืœืข, ืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืฆื• ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ืขืงื˜ืขืจ, ืžืื›ืŸ ืขืก ืกืึทืžืขื˜ืจื™ืงืึทืœ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื˜ืึธืคึผืœ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ื“ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืงืึธืจืขืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืึทื‘ืœื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึธื˜. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื™ื™ื‘ื™ืง ืžืขืžืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ื•ื ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ืกื‘.

ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืคืืงื˜ืŸ
ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืคึผืจืึธื™ืขืงื˜ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ืกืึทืคึผืึทื ืฅ ืื•ื™ืš ื™ื ืกื™ืกื˜ืึทื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืจื™ื“ื•ืกื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื–. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทื›ื˜ื•ื ื’, Jim Pappas ืœื™ื™ืงืก ืฆื• ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื•ืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ Betsy Tanner ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืงืจืึธืกืึธืคึฟื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืžื•ื“ื™ืข ืึทื– ืœื™ื™ื“ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืžืข ื‘ื“ืขื” ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ืกื‘ ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ืกืข. ื“ื™ ื–ืึทืš ืื™ื– ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื•ืคึผื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 5 ืžื‘ื™ื˜ / s (ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืงื•ืจืก ืขืจื™ื“ื–ืฉื ืึทืœื™ ืคึผืœืึทื ื ืขื“) ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื”ื•ื™ืš, ืื•ืŸ ืขื ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื™ืจื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืŸ ืึทื– ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืคึผืขืกืึทืคืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื•ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ื™ืง ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคื™ืจืึทื ืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืึทื– ืึทื–ืึท ืึท "ื˜ื•ืจื‘ืึธ ืžื•ื™ื–" ืงืขืŸ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ืžื™ืฉื  ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื™ื ื’ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื“ื™ ืคึผื™ืกื™ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืคึผืขืจื™ืคืขืจืึทืœ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก.

ืื™ืŸ ืจืขืืงืฆื™ืข ืฆื• ื ื’ืขื•ื•ืืœื“ื™ื’ืข ื˜ืขื ื” ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื ื’, ื”ืื˜ ื‘ืขื˜ืกื™ ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ืื– ื ืืš ืื™ื ืกืืœืืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืžืื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื‘ืœืข ื˜ื™ื™ืขืจืขืจ: 4 ืกืขื ื˜ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคืืจ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืคื•ืก, ืื“ืขืจ 24 ืฆืขื ื˜ ืคืืจ ื ืกื˜ืื ื“ืืจื˜ 1,8 ืžืขื˜ืขืจ (6 ืคื˜) ื“ืจืื˜, ื•ื•ืืก ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ื’ืขื“ืื ืง. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ื“ื™ ืžื•ื™ื– ืงืึทื‘ืœืข ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืคืœืขืงืกืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืฆื• ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทื’ืจืขื ืขืฆืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’. ืฆื• ืกืึธืœื•ื•ืข ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืฆื• ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆืขืฉื™ื™ื“ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš-ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ (12 ืžื‘ื™ื˜ / s) ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง-ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ (1,5 ืžื‘ื™ื˜ / s) ืžืึธื“ืขืก. ื ืจืขื–ืขืจื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ 12 ืžื‘ื™ื˜ / s ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืคึผืœื™ื˜ื˜ืขืจืก ืื•ืŸ ื›ืึทื‘ื– ืฆื• ืกื™ื™ืžืึทืœื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ืึทืกืœื™ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืึธืจื˜, ืื•ืŸ 1,5 ืžื‘ื™ื˜ / s ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžืึทืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึทื ืขืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืžื™ืกืข, ืงื™ื‘ืึธืจื“ื– ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืขื ืœืขืš ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืฆื• ืึท ืคึผื™ืกื™.

ื“ื–ืฉื™ื ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืืœื˜ ืื– ื“ื™ ืžืขืฉื” ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืจื•ื ื’ ื‘ืœืืง ื•ื•ืืก ื”ืื˜ ืขื ื“ืœื™ืš ืคืืจื–ื™ื›ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืคืจืื™ืขืงื˜. ื ืึธืš ืึทืœืข, ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื™ืงืจืึธืกืึธืคึฟื˜ ืก ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ, ืคึผืจืึทืžืึธื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืจืง ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืœ ืžืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ื“ื™ ืงืึธืžืคึผืจืึธืžื™ืก ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื”ืึธืœืคึฟืŸ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื•ืกื‘ ืคื™ืœ ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืžืขืจ ืึทื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืขืจื™ืคืขืจืึทืœ ื•ื™ืกืจื™ื›ื˜ ืžืึทื ื™ืึทืคืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจืขืจื–.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืก ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžืฉื•ื’ืข ืจื™ื‘ืจืึทื ื“ื™ื ื’

ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ื•ืกื‘ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–, ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืงืขืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ. ืึทืœืฅ ื“ืึธ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ึท ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืœื™ืง, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื–ื™ื ื˜ 2013, ื“ื™ ื•ืกื‘ ื™ืžืคึผืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืขืจืก ืคืึธืจื•ื ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืึทืœืข ืžื™ ืฆื• ื’ืึธืจ ืฆืขืžื™ืฉืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ืงืึธื ืกื•ืžืขืจืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืคึผืจืึธืคืขืกืกื™ืึธื ืึทืœืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ IT ื•ื•ืขืœื˜.

ื‘ื™ื– ืึทื”ืขืจ, ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืึทืœ: ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคึผืึทืžืขืœืขืš ื•ืกื‘ 2.0 ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžืึทืงืกื™ืžื•ื ื˜ืจื•ืคึผื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 480 ืžื‘ื™ื˜ / s (60 ืžื‘ / s) ืื•ืŸ 10 ืžืืœ ืคืึทืกื˜ืขืจ ื•ืกื‘ 3.0, ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ืžืึทืงืกื™ืžื•ื ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืจื™ื˜ืฉืึทื– 5 ื’ื‘ื™ื˜ / s (640 ืžืขื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ / s) ืก). ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™, ืึท ื•ืกื‘ 3.0 ืคืึธืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธื ื ืขืงื˜ืขื“ ืฆื• ืึท ื•ืกื‘ 2.0 ืคึผืึธืจื˜ (ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืฆืข ื•ื•ืขืจืกืึท), ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ืขื“ ืฆื• 60 ืžืขื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ / s, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืึท ืกืœืึธื•ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฉืคึผื™ืœืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืœื ืขืง.

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื•ืœื™ 31, 2013, USB-IF ื™ื ื˜ืจืึธื•ื“ื•ืกื˜ ืึท ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืกื•ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืฆืขืžื™ืฉื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืœืึทื ืง ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื: ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธื’ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืึทื“ืึทืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืกืคึผืขืกื™ืคื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ, ื•ืกื‘ 3.1, ืื™ื– ืžื•ื“ื™ืข. ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ื™ ืคื•ื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจืึทืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ื ืึทืžื‘ืขืจื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืขืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคึผืœืึธื ื˜ืขืจื˜ ืคืจื™ืขืจ (ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื™ืฉืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื›ื“ืื™ ืฆื• ื‘ืืžืขืจืงืŸ ืึทื– ื•ืกื‘ 1.1 ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืžืึทื“ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹1.0, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ืงื•ื•ืึทืœืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœื™ ื ื™ื™ึท), ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ื•ืกื‘ ื™ืžืคึผืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืขืจืก ืคื•ืจื•ื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืกื™ื‘ื” ืื™ืš ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืฆื• ืจืขื ืึทืžืข ื“ื™ ืึทืœื˜ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ. ื”ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื ื˜:

  • ื•ืกื‘ 3.0 ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื•ืกื‘ 3.1 ื’ืขื  1. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืจื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื ื™ื™ืžื™ื ื’: ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ืžืึทื ืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืงืกื™ืžื•ื ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข - 5 ื’ื‘ืคึผืก ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืžืขืจ.
  • USB 3.1 Gen 2 ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืึท ื‘ืืžืช ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ: ื“ื™ ื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ ืฆื• 128b / 132b ืงืึธื“ื™ืจื•ื ื’ (ืคืจื™ืขืจ 8b / 10b) ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ืœ-ื“ื•ืคึผืœืขืงืก ืžืึธื“ืข ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืคึผืœ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ ื‘ืึทื ื“ื•ื•ื™ื“ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืึทืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืจืขืกื™ื•ื• 10 ื’ื‘ืคึผืก ืึธื“ืขืจ 1280 ืžืขื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ / s.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื•ืกื‘-IF, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืฆื• ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืœื˜ืขืจื ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ื ืขืžืขืŸ: ื•ืกื‘ 3.1 ื’ืขื  1 ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืกื•ืคึผืขืจืกืคึผืขืขื“, ืื•ืŸ ื•ืกื‘ 3.1 ื’ืขื  2 ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืกื•ืคึผืขืจืกืคึผืขืขื“ +. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืจื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ืคืืจื˜ื™ืงื˜: ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืจืขื˜ืึทื™ืœ ืงื•ื™ื ืข, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคื™ืœ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืฆื• ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ ืึท ืงืึทื˜ืฉื™ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืกื™ืงื•ื•ืึทื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ื ื•ืžืขืจืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ื™ื ื˜ื•ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•: ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท "ืกื•ืคึผืขืจ-ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜" ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“, ื•ื•ืึธืก, ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืกืึทื’ื“ื–ืฉืขืก, ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉื ืขืœ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท "ืกื•ืคึผืขืจ-ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ +" ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืืคื™ืœื• ืคืึทืกื˜ืขืจ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ "ืจืขื‘ืจืึทื ื“ื™ื ื’" ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ื™ื ื“ื™ืกื™ื– ืื™ื– ืœืขื’ืึทืžืจืข ื•ืžืงืœืึธืจ.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฆื• ื™ืžืคึผืขืจืคืขืงืฉืึทืŸ: ืื•ื™ืฃ 22 ืกืขืคื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 2017, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื™ืกื’ืึทื‘ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื•ืกื‘ 3.2 ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ, ื“ื™ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ื ืึธืš ืขืจื’ืขืจ. ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ื•ื˜ืข: ื“ื™ ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกืึทื‘ืึทืœ ื•ืกื‘ ื˜ื™ืคึผ-C ืงืึทื ืขืงื˜ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืกืคึผืขืกืึทืคืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ื“ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“, ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืขืก ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืคึผืœ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืงืกื™ืžื•ื ื•ื™ื˜ืึธื‘ื•ืก ื‘ืึทื ื“ื•ื•ื™ื“ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื•ืคึผืœื™ืงืึทื˜ ืคึผื™ื ืก ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืงืึทื ืึทืœ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ USB 3.2 Gen 2 ร— 2 ืืจื•ื™ืก (ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืจื•ืคึฟืŸ ื•ืกื‘ 3.2 Gen 3 ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืึท ืžื™ืกื˜ืขืจื™ืข), ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืกืคึผื™ื“ื– ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 20 ื’ื‘ื™ื˜ / s (2560 MB / s), ื•ื•ืึธืก, ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ, ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื”ืึทืจื˜-ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– (ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืจื˜ ื™ืงื•ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืš-ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ WD_BLACK P50, ืึทื™ืžืขื“ ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืžืขืจื–).

ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืคืืงื˜ืŸ
ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ืึทืจื˜, ื“ื™ ืจื™ื ื™ื™ืžื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืึธื ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืœืึทื ื’ ืฆื• ืงื•ืžืขืŸ: USB 3.1 Gen 1 ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ืกื‘ 3.2 Gen 1, ืื•ืŸ USB 3.1 Gen 2 ืื™ืŸ USB 3.2 Gen. 2. ืืคื™ืœื• ื“ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจืงื•ื™ืฃ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ USB-IF ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคืืจืŸ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจ ืื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ "ื™ื ื˜ื•ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืžืขืจืŸ": ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื–ื™ื’ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื•ืกื‘ 3.2 Gen 2x2 ื•ื•ื™, ืœืžืฉืœ, SuperSpeed++ ืึธื“ืขืจ UltraSpeed, ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืฆื• ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ ืึธื ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืงืกื™ืžื•ื ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜:

  • ื•ืกื‘ 3.2 ื’ืขื  1 ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืกื•ืคึผืขืจืกืคึผืขืขื“ ื•ืกื‘ 5 ื’ื‘ืคึผืก,
  • USB 3.2 Gen 2 - SuperSpeed โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹USB 10Gbps,
  • ื•ืกื‘ 3.2 ื’ืขื  2 ร— 2 - ืกื•ืคึผืขืจ ืกืคึผื™ื“ ื•ืกื‘ 20 ื’ื‘ืคึผืก.

ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ืึธืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ืกื‘ ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ืึทืจื“ืก? ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ, ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืึท ืงื™ืฆืขืจ ื˜ื™ืฉ-ืžืขืžืึธ, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ึทื›ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคื™ื™ืกื™ื–.

ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข

ืžืึทืจืงืขื˜ื™ื ื’ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ

ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜, ื’ื‘ื™ื˜ / s

ื•ืกื‘ ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืก

ื•ืกื‘ ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืก

ื•ืกื‘ ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืก

ื•ืกื‘ 3.1 ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข

ื•ืกื‘ 3.2 ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข

ื•ืกื‘ ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืก

ื•ืกื‘ 3.1 Gen 1

ื•ืกื‘ 3.2 Gen 1

ืกื•ืคึผืขืจืกืคึผืขืขื“

ืกื•ืคึผืขืจืกืคึผืขืขื“ ื•ืกื‘ 5 ื’ื‘ืคึผืก

5

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ื•ืกื‘ 3.1 Gen 2

ื•ืกื‘ 3.2 Gen 2

SuperSpeed โ€‹โ€‹+

ืกื•ืคึผืขืจืกืคึผืขืขื“ ื•ืกื‘ 10 ื’ื‘ืคึผืก

10

-

-

ื•ืกื‘ 3.2 ื’ืขื  2 ร— 2

-

ืกื•ืคึผืขืจืกืคึผืขืขื“ ื•ืกื‘ 20 ื’ื‘ืคึผืก

20

ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ื•ืกื‘ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ SanDisk ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ืŸ

ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ืœืฒึทืš ืื•ืžืงืขืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืžืข ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื“ื™ืกืงื•ืกื™ืข. ืคืœืึทืฉ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึท ื™ื ื˜ืึทื’ืจืึทืœ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ืžืึธื“ื™ืคื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก, ืžืืœ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ืฉื•ื“ื ืข. ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืคื•ืœืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื™ืคึผืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ื•ืกื‘ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ SanDisk ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืคืขืœ.

ืึทืœืข ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ืžืึธื“ืขืœืก ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึทื ื“ื™ืกืง ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ืกื‘ 3.0 ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ืึทืจื˜ (ืึทืงืึท ื•ืกื‘ 3.1 ื’ืขื  1, ืึทืงืึท ื•ืกื‘ 3.2 ื’ืขื  1, ืึทืงืึท ืกื•ืคึผืขืจืกืคึผืขืขื“ - ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึฟื™ืœื "ืžืึธืกืงื•ื•ืข ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืขืจืŸ"). ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืงืœืึทืกื™ืฉ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืกืคึผืขืฉืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ืกืึธืœื™ื“ ื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกืึทืœ ืคืึธืจ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœืŸ ื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืึทืžืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืกืึทื ื“ื™ืกืง ืึทืœื˜ืจืึท ืฉื•ืจื”.

ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืคืืงื˜ืŸ
ืกืึทื ื“ื™ืกืง ืึทืœื˜ืจืึท

ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ึทื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืขืงืก ืžืึธื“ื™ืคื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืงืึทืคึผืึทืกืึทื˜ื™ื– (ืคื•ืŸ 16-512 ื’ื™ื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜) ื”ืขืœืคึผืก ืื™ืจ ืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข ื“ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื“ืขืจืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจืคึผื™ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขืงืกื˜ืจืข ื’ื™ื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜. ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืกืคึผื™ื“ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 130 ืžืขื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ / s ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ ืืจืืคืงืืคื™ืข ืืคื™ืœื• ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื˜ืขืงืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืงื•ื•ืขื ืกืœื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื’ ืคืึทืœ ืคึผืจืึทื˜ืขืงืฅ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ืขืงื˜ืขืจ ืจื™ืœื™ื™ืึทื‘ืœื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืขื“ื™ืงืŸ.

ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืึทื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืขืœืขื’ืึทื ื˜ ื“ื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื–, ืžื™ืจ ืจืขืงืึธืžืขื ื“ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ SanDisk Ultra Flair ืื•ืŸ SanDisk Luxe ืฉื•ืจื” ืคื•ืŸ ื•ืกื‘ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–.

ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืคืืงื˜ืŸ
ืกืึทื ื“ื™ืกืง ืึทืœื˜ืจืึท ืคืœืขืจ

ื˜ืขืงื ื™ืงืœื™, ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื™ื™ื“ืขื ื™ืงืึทืœ: ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืกืขืจื™ืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืขืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ื™ื–ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืกืคึผื™ื“ื– ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 150 ืžืขื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ / s, ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื›ื•ืœืœ 6 ืžืึธื“ืขืœืก ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืึทืคึผืึทืฆื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 16 ืฆื• 512 ื’ื™ื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜. ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืคืขืจืึทื ืกื™ื– ืœื™ื’ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ: ื“ื™ ืึทืœื˜ืจืึท ืคืœืขืจ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ื ืึธืš ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจืึทืœ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืคึผืœืึทืกื˜ื™ืง, ื‘ืฉืขืช ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื•ืงืกื•ืก ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืื™ื– ืœืขื’ืึทืžืจืข ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœื•ืžื™ื ื•ื ืฆื•ืžื™ืฉ.

ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืคืืงื˜ืŸ
SanDisk Luxe

ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื™ืžืคึผืจืขืกื™ื•ื• ืคึผืœืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜, ื“ื™ ืœื™ืกื˜ืขื“ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ืฉื˜ืจื™ืš: ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ืกื‘ ืงืึทื ืขืงื˜ืขืจื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคืึทืœ. ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’ ื™ื ืฉื•ืจื– ื“ื™ ื”ืขื›ืกื˜ืŸ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคืึธืจ: ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืึทืงืกืึทื“ืขื ืึทืœื™ ื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืงืึทื ืขืงื˜ืขืจ.

ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ืคื•ืœ-ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–, ื“ื™ ืกืึทื ื“ื™ืกืง ื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืš ื›ื•ืœืœ "ืฆืึทืคึผืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ" ืกืึทืœื•ืฉืึทื ื–. ืžื™ืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ-ืกืึธืœื™ื“ ืกืึทื ื“ื™ืกืง ืึทืœื˜ืจืึท ืคื™ื˜, ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ื“ื™ืžืขื ืฉืึทื ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– 29,8 ร— 14,3 ร— 5,0 ืžื.

ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืคืืงื˜ืŸ
ืกืึทื ื“ื™ืกืง ืึทืœื˜ืจืึท ืคื™ื˜

ื“ืขื ื‘ืขื™ื‘ื™ ืงื•ื™ื ืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืจื•ื“ื– ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ืกื‘ ืงืึทื ืขืงื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืคืœืึทืš, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžืื›ื˜ ืขืก ืึทืŸ ืื™ื“ืขืืœ ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืงืกืคึผืึทื ื“ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืœ, ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ื•ืœื˜ืจืึทื‘ืึธืึธืง, ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืึทื•ื“ื™ืึธ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ืกืžืึทืจื˜ ื˜ืขืœืขื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ืข, ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืงืึทื ืกืึธื•ืœ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ-ื‘ืึธืจื“ ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ.

ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืคืืงื˜ืŸ
ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืึทื ื“ื™ืกืง ื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืึทืœ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื• ืื•ืŸ iXpand ื•ืกื‘ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–. ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช, ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ ื“ื™ืคืขืจืึทื ืกื™ื–, ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืืจืื™ื™ื ื™ื’ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืฃ: ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคึผืึธืจืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืึท ืคึผื™ืกื™ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืœืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ืจืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ื’ืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืฅ ืึธืŸ ื ืึธืš ืงื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœื– ืื•ืŸ ืึทื“ืึทืคึผื˜ืขืจื–.

ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืึทืœ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื• ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืกืžืึทืจื˜ืคืึธื•ื ื– ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึทื‘ืœืขื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื. Android ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ OTG ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข. ื“ืึธืก ื ืขืžื˜ ืึทืจืฒึทืŸ ื“ืจืฒึท ืœื™ื ื™ืขืก ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืคึฟืœืขืฉ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ืก.

ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ืึทื˜ื•ืจืข ืกืึทื ื“ื™ืกืง ื“ื•ืึทืœ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื• ืž3.0, ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ื•ืกื‘ ื˜ื™ืคึผ-ื, ืื™ื– ื™ืงื•ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžื™ืงืจืึธื•ืกื‘ ืงืึทื ืขืงื˜ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ื ืฉื•ืจื– ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข-ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืกืžืึทืจื˜ืคืึธื ืขืก.

ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืคืืงื˜ืŸ
ืกืึทื ื“ื™ืกืง ื“ื•ืึทืœ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื• ืž3.0

SanDisk Ultra Dual Type-C, ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ืงืขืŸ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืึธืžืขืŸ, ื”ืื˜ ืึท ืžืขืจ ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ื˜ืึธืคึผืœ-ืกื™ื™ื“ืึทื“ ืงืึทื ืขืงื˜ืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคืึธืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืžืึทืกื™ื•ื•, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขื ื”ืึธื•ืกื™ื ื’ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืฉื•ืฅ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืคื™ืœ ืžืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืœ.

ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืคืืงื˜ืŸ
SanDisk Ultra Dual Type-C

ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืžืขืจ ืขืœืขื’ืึทื ื˜, ืžื™ืจ ืจืขืงืึธืžืขื ื“ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ SanDisk Ultra Dual Drive Go. ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืžืขื ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืžืื ื˜ SanDisk Luxe: ืึท ืคื•ืœ-ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ื•ืกื‘ ื˜ื™ืคึผ-ื ืื™ื– ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคืึธืจ ื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืขื ืฅ ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ืงื™ื ื’ ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืึธื–ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœื™ื ื’. ื“ื™ ื•ืกื‘ ื˜ื™ืคึผ-C ืงืึทื ืขืงื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืจ, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขืงื˜ืขื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืจืึธื•ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื”ื™ื˜ืœ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื•ื™ืš ื”ืื˜ ืึท ื™ื™ืœืขื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืคืึธื‘. ื“ืขื ืึธืจื“ืขื ื•ื ื’ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืขืก ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคืึธืจ ื‘ืืžืช ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ, ืกืึธืœื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืœืขืš.

ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืคืืงื˜ืŸ
SanDisk Ultra Dual Drive Go

ื“ื™ iXpand ืกืขืจื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ืขื ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืึทืœ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•, ืึทื—ื•ืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ืกื‘ ื˜ื™ืคึผ-C ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืคึผืจื™ื™ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ ืขืคึผืœ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืงืึทื ืขืงื˜ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื•ืžื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืขืจื™ืข ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืจื•ืคึฟืŸ SanDisk iXpand: ื“ืขื ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคืึธืจ ื”ืื˜ ืึทืŸ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉืœื™ื™ืฃ.

ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืคืืงื˜ืŸ
ืกืึทื ื“ื™ืกืง ื™ืงืกืคึผืึทื ื“

ืขืก ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืื™ืžืคึผืจืขืกื™ื•ื•, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜ ืืคื™ืœื• ื“ื•ืจื›ืคึฟื™ืจืŸ ืึท ืจื™ืžืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืฉืœื™ื™ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืึทืจื•ื ืื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ืึทืœื“ื–. ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื• ืžื™ื˜ iPhone ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคื™ืœ ืžืขืจ ื‘ืึทืงื•ื•ืขื ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื˜ืจืึทื“ื™ืฆื™ืึธื ืขืœืขืจ: ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ, ืขื ื“ื™ื’ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืขื™ืก ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืŸ ืกืžืึทืจื˜ืคืึธืŸ, ืจื•ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืงืขื’ืŸ ื–ืฒึทืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื“ืขืงืœ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืขืœืคึฟื˜ ืžื™ื ื™ืžื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื ืจื™ื–ื™ืงืึธ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืึธื“ืŸ ืฆื•ื ืงืึทื ืขืงื˜ืขืจ.

ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืคืืงื˜ืŸ
ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื”, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืงื•ืงืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ SanDisk iXpand Mini. ื˜ืขืงื ื™ืงืœื™, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ iXpand: ื“ื™ ืžืึธื“ืขืœ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื›ื•ืœืœ ืคื™ืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ืคื•ืŸ 32, 64, 128 ืึธื“ืขืจ 256 ื’ื™ื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืงืกื™ืžื•ื ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืจื™ื˜ืฉืึทื– 90 ืžืขื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ / s, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืืคื™ืœื• ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ืึทื˜ืฉื™ื ื’ 4 ืง ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขื ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืœื™ืฅ. ืคืึธืจ. ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ: ื“ื™ ืฉืœื™ื™ืฃ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืฉื•ื•ื•ื ื“ืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึท ืคึผืจืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ื”ื™ื˜ืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืงืึทื ืขืงื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืก.

ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืคืืงื˜ืŸ
SanDisk iXpand Mini

ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื”, SanDisk iXpand Go, ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืœื™ื ื’ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ Dual Drive Go: ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื“ื™ืžืขื ืฉืึทื ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ื™ื™ื“ืขื ื™ืงืึทืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ืจืึธื•ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื”ื™ื˜ืœ, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ. ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœืœ 3 ืžืึธื“ืขืœืก: 64, 128 ืื•ืŸ 256 ื’ื™ื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜.

ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ืคืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคื ื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืขืจื™ืฉืข ืคืืงื˜ืŸ
SanDisk iXpand Go

ื“ื™ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืึทื ื™ืึทืคืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจื“ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืกืึทื ื“ื™ืกืง ืกืึธืจื˜ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ืขื“ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืœื™ืกื˜ืขื“ ื•ืกื‘ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–. ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืจื™ืžื˜ ืกืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืึทืžื˜ืขืจ ืžืขืจื‘ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ื˜ื•ื™ืขืจ.

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืœืขืš ื”ืึธืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืžื™ื˜ DDoS ืฉื•ืฅ, VPS VDS ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก ๐Ÿ”ฅ ืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ืคืึทืจืœืขืกืœืขื›ืข ื•ื•ืขื‘ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืœ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ DDoS ืฉื•ืฅ, VPS VDS ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก | ProHoster