ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ 10 ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ C ++ ืงืึธื“ ืฆื• ื“ื™ C ++ 14 ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ (ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืฆื• C ++ 17)

ืžื™ื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžืึธืœ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง (ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืจื‘ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 2016), ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ 1C: ืขื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืจื™ื™ื– ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืข, ื“ื™ ืงืฉื™ื ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืžืึทื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ืึทืจื˜. C ++ 14 ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงืึธื“. ื“ื™ ื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ ืฆื• ืึท ื ื™ื™ึท ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ, ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ืื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื• ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ื–ืื›ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืขืœืขื’ืึทื ื˜, ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืœืขืš, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ืคืึทืจืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืฉืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื“. ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื™ืกืขืจื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’, ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื“ ื‘ืึทื–ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงืึธื“.

ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืืก ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, 1C: ืขื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืจื™ื™ื– ืื™ื– ืึท ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื’ื™ืš ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ื™ึทื–-ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืข ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ื ื˜ื™ืžืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืึธืกืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืžืก. ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืขืŸ, ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ ื›ึผื•ืœืœ:

ืžื™ืจ ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืงืึธื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœ ื•ื•ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš - ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ืงืึธื“ ื‘ืึทื–ืข ืื™ื– 99% ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜, ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืงืึธื“ ื‘ืึทื–ืข ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 95%. ื“ื™ 1C: ืขื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืจื™ื™ื– ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืข ืื™ื– ื‘ืคึฟืจื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ C ++ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืขื ื˜ืขืจื  ืงืึธื“ ืงืขืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืŸ:

  • 10 ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ C ++ ืงืึธื“,
  • 14 ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ื˜ืขืงืขืก,
  • 60 ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ืงืœืืกืŸ,
  • ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ืึท ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ ืžืขื˜ื”ืึธื“ืก.

ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ืึธืคึผืŸ ื”ืื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ C ++ 14. ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืคึผืœืึธื ื˜ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก.

ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ 10 ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ C ++ ืงืึธื“ ืฆื• ื“ื™ C ++ 14 ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ (ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืฆื• C ++ 17)

ืึธืคึผืœื™ื™ืงืขื ื•ื ื’

ืึทืœืฅ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคึผืึทืžืขืœืขืš / ืฉื ืขืœ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, (ื ื™ื˜) ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ืงืึทื ืกืึทืžืฉืึทืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืงืœืืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื‘ืจืขืจื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืึทืš: ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืืžืช ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ื•. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืึทื– ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืึทื ืฅ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืึทืกืงืก. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื˜ืึทืกืงืก: ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ื™ืคึผื™ืฉ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงืœื™ื™ืึทื ืฅ, ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ื˜ื™ืคึผื™ืฉ ืกื™ื ืขืจื™ืึธื•ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™, ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’, ื“ื™ ืกื•ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ืงืึทื ืกื•ืžื“, ืืื–"ื• ื•, ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ืฆื™ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงืœื™ื™ืึทื ืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ืคึฟืจื™ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื–ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜. . ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืึทืงื˜ืึทื“ ื“ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ

ื˜ื›ื™ืœืขืก, ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ 1C: ืขื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืจื™ื™ื– 8 ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืข ืื™ืŸ Microsoft Visual Studio. ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืกื˜ืึทืจื˜ืขื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ 2000 ืก ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึท Windows ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข. ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš, ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื“ ืื™ื– ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœื™ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“, ืคื™ืœืข ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืžื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืจื™ืจื™ื™ื˜. ืื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ 1998 ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ, ืื•ืŸ, ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืจืขื›ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ ื‘ืจืึทืงืึทืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืืคื’ืขืฉื™ื™ื“ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืกืคึผื™ื™ืกืึทื– ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืึทื– ื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืจืึธื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืึธืก:

vector<vector<int> > IntV;

ืื™ืŸ 2006, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืข ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข 8.1, ืžื™ืจ ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก ืื•ืŸ ืกื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ืึท ื“ืจื™ื˜-ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื˜ืขืง STLPort. ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช. ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงืึธื“, ืžื™ืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ std::wstring, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ wchar_t ื˜ื™ืคึผ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ Windows ืื™ื– 2 ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื™ื– 4 ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืก. ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ื™ื ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจื™ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ืคึผืขืจืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ. ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืงืง ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืขืก, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ wchar_t ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš 2 ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื˜ืขืง ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื™ืœืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืขืก ื ื™ืฆื˜ glibc, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืจ ืื™ื– ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื™ืœื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท 4-ื‘ื™ื˜ืข wchar_t. ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืงืœืืกืŸ, ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื”ืึทืฉ ื˜ื™ืฉืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืžื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืžืึทื ื˜ื™ืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ื™ืŸ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื–, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜. ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื”, ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืœืขื ืกื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจื™ืงืœ. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืงืœืึทืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกื˜ืจื™ื ื’ืก, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ... ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืกืคึผืขืกื™ืคื™ืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’, ืฉื˜ืจื™ืงืœ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ืœื™ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ.

ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืจื™ืงืœ ืื™ื– ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉื˜ืจื™ืงืœ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืึทื– ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื“ืจื™ืงื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ 2000 ืก ืึทื ื“ืจื™ื™ ืึทืœืขืงืกืึทื ื“ืจืกืงื•. ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืœืขืงืกืื ื“ืจืขืกืงื• ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืกืขื‘ืึธืึธืง, ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’, ืึท ืฉื•ืจื” ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืกืขื‘ืึธืึธืง ืžืึธื˜ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขื ืœืขืš ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผืŸ (ื–ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื˜ืขืง ื ืึทืจื™ืฉืงื™ื™ื˜).

ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฉื•ืจื” ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื–:

  1. ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงื•ืจืฅ ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก, ืึทืŸ ื™ื ืขืจืœืขืš ื‘ืึทืคืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืจื™ืงืœ ื›ื™ื™ืคืขืฅ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ (ื ื™ื˜ ืจื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื ื’ ื ืึธืš ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ืึทืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ).
  2. ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืœืข ืื ื“ืขืจืข, ืžืึทืงืึทื ื™ืงืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืงืึธืคึผื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘. ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืจื™ืงืœ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื™ื– ืกื˜ืึธืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืจื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืจืขืคึฟืขืจืขื ืฅ ื˜ืึธืžื‘ืึทื ืง ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ืึทืกื™ื™ื ืžืึทื ื˜ / ืžืึธื“ื™ืคื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ.

ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืข, ืžื™ืจ ื™ืงืกืงืœื•ื“ื™ื“ ื“ื™ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ึทืš ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ STLPort ื•ื•ืึทืจื™ืึทื ื˜ (ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื•ืฆืŸ), ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– 20% ืคืึทืกื˜ืขืจ ื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื‘ืื’ืจืขื ืขืฆื˜ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื‘ืึธืึธืกื˜. ื‘ื•ืกื˜ ืžืื›ื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ึทืš, ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืก ืึทืคึผื™ืก (ืœืžืฉืœ, ืคึฟืึทืจ ืœืึธื’ื™ื ื’), ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืžืึธื“ื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืขืก ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ึทืš. ื“ืึธืก, ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืจ, ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืขืก ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื• ืžื™ื™ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึธืึธืกื˜.

ื“ืจื™ื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขื’

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืžืึทืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ C ++ 14 ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ, ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืขืก:

  1. ืึทืคึผื’ืจื™ื™ื“ ื“ื™ STLPort ืžื™ืจ ืžืึทื“ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ืฆื• ื“ื™ C ++ 14 ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ. ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ... ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ STLPort ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืกืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ื“ ืื™ืŸ 2010, ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืงืึธื“ ื–ื™ืš.
  2. ื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ ืฆื• ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ STL ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืžื™ื˜ C ++ 14. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื”ืขื›ืกื˜ ื“ื™ื–ื™ื™ืจืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืึทื– ื“ืขื ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ Windows ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก.
  3. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืึทืก, ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื˜ืขืง ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืจืึทืกืคึผืึทื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื™ืœืขืจ.

ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ืคืืจื•ื•ืืจืคืŸ ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืฆื• ืคื™ืœ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜.

ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข; ื‘ืื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ืืœืก ื ืงืื ื“ื™ื“ืื˜ ืœื™ื‘ืง++, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืขืก ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ Windows. ืฆื• ืคึผืึธืจื˜ libc ++ ืฆื• Windows, ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ - ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคึฟืขื“ืขื, ืคืึธื“ืขื ืกื™ื ื’ืงืจืึทื ืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื˜ืึธืžื™ืกื™ื˜ื™, ื–ื™ื ื˜ libc ++ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ POSIX API.

ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœื˜ ื“ืขื ื“ืจื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’.

ื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’

ืึทื–ื•ื™, ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื™ึทื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ STLPort ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ื‘ืจืขืจื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืจืึทืกืคึผืึทื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื™ืœืขืจื– (ื•ื•ื™ืกื•ืึทืœ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ืึธ 2015 ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ื™ื ื“ืึธื•ื–, ื’ืงืง 7 ืคึฟืึทืจ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก, ืงืœืึทื ื’ 8 ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืึทืงืึธืก).

ืฆื•ืž ื’ืœื™ืง, ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงืึธื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื’ื™ื™ื“ืœื™ื™ื ื– ืื•ืŸ ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืึทืœืข ืกืึธืจืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืœื•ื’ ื˜ืจื™ืงืก, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื’ืจืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื˜ืขืง ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืœืขืคื™ืขืจืขืš ื’ืœืึทื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืงืจื™ืคึผืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจื™ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก, ืงืœืืกืŸ, ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืกืคึผื™ื™ืกืึทื– ืื•ืŸ ื™ื ืงืœื•ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืงื•ืจ ื˜ืขืงืขืก. ื“ื™ ืžื™ื’ืจืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืึทืคืขืงื˜ืึทื“ 10 ืžืงื•ืจ ื˜ืขืงืขืก (ืคื•ืŸ 000). wchar_t ืื™ื– ืจื™ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš char14_t; ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ wchar_t, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ char000_t ื ืขืžื˜ 16 ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœืข ืึทืก ืื•ืŸ ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆืขืœืึธื–ืŸ ืงืึธื“ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ Windows ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก.

ืข ืก ื–ืฒื ืข ืŸ ื’ืขืฐืข ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื› ืข ืงืœืฒื  ืข ืื•ื•ืขื ื˜ื•ืจืขืก . ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืื™ืŸ STLPort ืึท ื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืœื™ืกืึทื˜ืœื™ ื•ื•ืึทืจืคืŸ ืฆื• ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ืœ ืฆื• ืึทืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงืึธื“ ื“ืขื ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜. ืื™ ืŸ ื ืฒ ืข ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืื˜ืข ืง ื”ื ื˜ ืžืข ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ ืŸ ื ื™ืฉ ื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื  ื˜ ื“ื ืก ื˜ืืŸ , ืื• ืŸ ื“ ื™ ื“ืื–ื™ืง ืข ืคืืจื˜ืฒืข ืŸ ื”ืื‘ ืŸ ื’ืขืžื•ื– ื˜ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื–ื™ืจ ืŸ ืื• ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฉืจื™ื‘ ืŸ ืžืื ื•ืขืœ .

ืึทื–ื•ื™, ื“ื™ ืงืึธื“ ืžื™ื™ื’ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืึทื ืฅ, ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื“ ืื™ื– ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื™ืœื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืœืข ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื˜ืขืกืฅ.

ื˜ืขืกืฅ ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืึท ืงืึทืคึผ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ (ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 20-30%) ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ืกืึทืžืฉืึทืŸ (ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 10-15%) ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืึทืœื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืงืึธื“. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ, ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืกื•ื‘ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžืึทืœ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืกื˜ืจื™ื ื’ืก. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืข ืจ ื”ืื‘ ืŸ ืžื™ ืจ ืฐื™ื“ืข ืจ ื’ืขื“ืืจืค ื˜ ื‘ืื ื•ืฆ ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืข ืจ ืืฒื’ืขื ืข , ื ื‘ื™ืก ืœ ืžืื“ื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ืข ืจ ืœื™ื ื™ืข .

ืึท ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ืฉื˜ืจื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื– ืื™ืŸ ืขืžื‘ืขื“ื™ื“ ืœื™ื™ื‘ืจืขืจื™ื– ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื’ื™ืœื•ื™: ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืง (ืึธืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ) std::map ืื•ืŸ std::ืกืขื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜-ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื‘ืจืขืจื™ื– ืึทืœืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื“ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืง ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคึผ. ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืœืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืจืฆืœ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ - ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ื ืขืจื™ืึธื•ื–, ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ื“ืจืึทืคึผื˜ ื‘ืื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ืกืึทืžืฉืึทืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ (ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืฆื• STLPort). ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงืึธื“, ืžื™ืจ ืจื™ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜-ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื‘ืจืขืจื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ Boost, ื•ื•ื• ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ืจื™ืš, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืกืึทืœื•ื•ื“ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืžื™ื˜ ืกืœืึธื•ื“ืึทื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ืกืึทืžืฉืึทืŸ.

ื•ื•ื™ ืึธืคื˜ ื›ืึทืคึผืึทื ื– ื ืึธืš ื’ืจื•ื™ืก-ื•ื•ืึธื’ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืคึผืจืึทื“ื–ืฉืขืงืก, ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืงื•ืจ ืงืึธื“ ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืคืจืื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ, ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ, ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ื‘ืึทื’ื™ื ื’ ื™ื˜ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ Windows ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื•ืฆื™ืง. ืฉืจื™ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืฉืจื™ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคืืจืŸ ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืก, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 2017 (ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข 8.3.11 1C: ืขื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืจื™ื™ื–) ื“ื™ ืžื™ื’ืจืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜.

ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ

ื“ื™ ื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ื™ C ++ 14 ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ื”ืื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 6 ื—ื“ืฉื™ื. ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ (ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ืขื›ืกื˜ ืงื•ื•ืึทืœืึทืคื™ื™ื“) ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจ ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ ื‘ื™ื ืข ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืžื– ืคืึทืจืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจื˜ืœืขืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ - ื•ื™, ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ืงื ื•ื™ืœ, ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืขื˜ืง.

ื“ื™ ื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืกื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžื™ื™ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ. ืื–ื•ื™, ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข 1C: ืขื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืจื™ื™ื– 8.3.14 (ืื™ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’, ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืกืงืขื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืจื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ื™ืึธืจ) ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคืขืจื“ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ืึทืจื˜ C++17.

ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ืžื™ื™ื’ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืขืก. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืคืจื™ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืžืึทื“ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ืกื˜ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืกื˜ื“ ื ืึทืžืขืกืคึผืึทืกืข, ืื™ืฆื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืงืœืืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜-ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื™ืœืขืจ ืœื™ื™ื‘ืจืขืจื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ื“ ื ืึทืžืขืกืคึผื™ื™ืก, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ื“ืงืก ื ืึทืžืขืกืคึผืึทืกืข - ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื– ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืขื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื˜ืึทืกืงืก, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ืกื˜ - ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื‘ื•ืกื˜. ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจ ื ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืœืืกืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžืึทืœืœื™ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืึธืœื•ื•ืข ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก.

ื“ื™ "ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ" ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทืš ืงืึทื ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื– ืื•ื™ืš ื”ืขืœืคึผืก ืื™ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ (ืžืึทืš ืงืึทื ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื–) ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืœืืกืŸ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืึท ืงืœืึทืก ื”ืื˜ ืึท ืžืึทืš ืงืึทื ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืœืึทืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ, ื“ื™ STL ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืขืก ื“ื™ ืงืึทืคึผื™ื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ (ืœืžืฉืœ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื™ืงืกืคึผืึทื ื“ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืคึผืึทืฆื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ืึทืœืึธืงื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ).

ืคืœื™ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืืœื‘ืืœืœ

ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืคึผืจื™ืงืจืข (ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ) ืงืึทื ืกืึทืงื•ื•ืึทื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื’ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ืึทื– ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคื™ื™ืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทื ื“ obj ื˜ืขืงืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื•ืœ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื“ื™ื™ื˜ ื˜ืขืงืขืก ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื ืขืžืขืŸ 60-70 ื’ื™ื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜. ื“ืขื ืึธืคึผืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืคึผื™ืงื™ื•ืœื™ืขืจืึทื˜ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืœื™ื™ื‘ืจืขืจื™ื–, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืก ื˜ืขืงืขืก. ื“ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื™ืœื“ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืึทืคืŸ ืึท ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืงืึทื ื•ื•ื™ื ื™ืึทื ืกื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’, ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืกื™ื– ื“ื™ ื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ื˜. ื“ื™ ื‘ืื“ืขืจืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืจื™ื™ ื“ื™ืกืง ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจ ืžืืฉื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื™ื ืงืจื™ืกื™ื ื’. ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืข ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœืขืœ, ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื“ื™ื™ื˜ ื˜ืขืงืขืก ืžืืœ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜. ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืื™ื– ืคึผืจื™ืงืจืข, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ; ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคึผืึธื•ืกื˜ืคึผืึธื•ื ื“ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ืฆื˜. ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืึทืœื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ืขืก ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ (ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ, Google ื ื™ืฆื˜ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืงืจืึธื•ื ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจืขืจ).

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’