ืืืขืจ ืขืก ืื ืืืึธืก ืืึธื ืืขืืืจืคื ืึทืจืืืขืจืคืืจื ืึทื OpenVZ ืงืึทื ืืืื ืขืจ ืฆื ืึท ืกืขืจืืืขืจ ืืื ืคืื KVM ืืืืจืืืึทืืืืึทืืืึธื ืืื ืืื ืืกืืขืจ ืึทืืึธื ืืื ืืืื ืืขืื, ืืื ืืขืคึผืืึธื ืืขืจื ืขืืืขืืข ืคืจืืืืขืืขื:
- ืจืืึฟ ืคืื ืื ืืื ืคึฟืึธืจืืึทืฆืืข ืืื ืคืฉืื ืึทืืืืืืืื ืืื ืืื ืืขืืืขื ืืึทืืืึทืืืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึธืกืขืก ืืืึธืก ืืึธืื ืืึทื ื ืืืจืืืขืืื ืืขื ืื EOL ืฆืืงื
- ืคืึทืจืฉืืืขื ืข ืืื ืคึฟืึธืจืืึทืฆืืข ืืื ืฉืืขื ืืืง ืฆืืืขืฉืืขืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืึทืจืฉืืืขื ืข ืึธืคึผืขืจืืืืื ื ืกืืกืืขืืขื, ืืื ืืขืืืขื ืขืจืจืึธืจืก ืืขืฉืึทืก ืืืืืจืืืฉืึทื ืืขื ืขื ืงืืื ืืึธื ืงืึทื ืกืืืขืจื
- ืืื ืืืจ ืืึธืื ืฆื ืืึทื ืืืขื ืืื ืงืึทื ืคืืืืขืจืืืฉืึทื ื ืึทื ืืขืืขืจ ืืืฆื ืืื ืืขืืึธืื ืืึธื ื ืืฉื ืืืขืื ืฆื ืึทืจืืขืื ื ืึธื ืืืืืจืืืฉืึทื
ืืืขื ืืืจ ืึทืจืืืขืจืคืืจื 1 ืกืขืจืืืขืจ, ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืฉืืขื ืืืง ืคืึทืจืจืืืื ืขืคึผืขืก ืืืืฃ ืื ืคืืืขื, ืึธืืขืจ ืืืขื ืืืจ ืึทืจืืืขืจืคืืจื ืึท ืืึทื ืฅ ืงื ืืื?
ืืื ืืขื ืึทืจืืืงื ืืื ืืืขื ืคึผืจืืืืจื ืฆื ืืึธืื ืืืจ ืืื ืฆื ืจืืืืืง ืืืืืจืืื ืึทื OpenVZ ืงืึทื ืืืื ืขืจ ืฆื KVM ืืื ืืื ืืืึทื ืืึทืื ืืืื ืืื ืึท ืฉื ืขื ืืืืืื ื ืฆื ืึทืืข ืคึผืจืึธืืืขืืก.
ื ืงืืืื ืืืืืื ืืงืจืืื ืคึผืจืึธืืจืึทื: ืืืึธืก ืืื OpenVZ ืืื ืืืึธืก ืืื KVM?
ืืืจ ืืืขืื ื ืืฉื ืืืื ืืืฃ ืืื ืืขืจืืื ืึธืืึธืืืข, ืึธืืขืจ ืืึธืื ืืื ืึทืืืขืืืื ืืขืจืืื ืขื:
OpenVZ - ืืืืจืืืึทืืืืึทืืืึธื ืืืืฃ ืื ืึทืคึผืขืจืืืืื ื ืกืืกืืขื ืืืจืื, ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืืคืืื ืฆืขืืืืงืืขื ืขืก ืืืืฃ ืึท ืืืืงืจืึทืืืืืื, ืืืืึทื ืขืก ืืื ื ืื ื ืืืืืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืคึผื ืื ืกืืจืึทืงืฉืึทื ื ืืื ืืืืจืืืึทืืืืึทืืืึธื ืืขืงื ืึทืืึทืืืฉืื ืืืืฃ ืืขืจ ืืึทืืขืืึธืก ืืึทืฉืื.
ืงืืื - ืคืื-ืคืืขืืืฉื ืืืืจืืืึทืืืืึทืืืึธื, ื ืืฆื ืึทืืข ืื ืืึทืื ืคืื ืื ืงืคึผื ืืื ืืืืืขืืืืืง ืคืื ืืืืจืืืึทืืืืืื ื ืขืคึผืขืก, ืงืืื ืืืขื, ืงืึทืืื ื ืขืก ืืขื ืืืก ืืื ืงืจืึธืกืกืืืืื.
ืคืึทืจืงืขืจื ืฆื ืคืึธืืงืก ืืืืืื ืึทื ืฆืืืืฉื ืืึธืกืืื ื ืคึผืจืึทืืืืืืขืจื OpenVZ ืืืขื ืืืขืจื ืึธืืืืขืจืกืึธืื, ืึธืืขืจ KVM ืืืขื ื ืืฉื - ืฆืื ืืืืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ืืขื ืขืจ, KVM ืืื ืืืฆื ืึธืืืืขืจืกืึธืื ื ืื ืขืจืืขืจ ืืื ืืืื ืืจืืืขืจ.
ืฐืึธืก ืฐืขืื ืืืจ ืืืืขืจืืจืึธืื?
ืืื ืคึผืจืึธืืข ืกืึทืืืืฉืขืงืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ืึทืจืืืขืจืคืืจื, ืืืจ ืืึธืื ืฆื ื ืืฆื ืื ืืื ืฆืข ืืืึทืื ืคืื ืึธืคึผืขืจืืืืื ื ืกืืกืืขืืขื ืื ืืืฆื ืืืืฃ OpenVZ: CentOS (6 ืืื 7 ืืืขืจืกืืขืก), Ubuntu (14, 16 ืืื 18 LTS), Debian 7.
ืขืก ืืื ืืขืืืขื ืื ืืขื ืืืขื ืึทื ืจืืึฟ ืคืื ืื OpenVZ ืงืึทื ืืืื ืขืจื ืืขื ืขื ืฉืืื ืคืืืกื ืืืง ืขืืืขืืข ืกืึธืจื ืคืื ืืึธืืคึผ, ืืื ืขืืืขืืข ืืคืืื ืืึธืื ืขืืืขืืข ืืืืขืจ ืกืคึผืขืฆืืคืืฉ ืืืืืืืืืจื. ืจืืึฟ ืึธืคื, ืืึธืก ืืขื ืขื ืงืึทื ืคืืืืขืจืืืฉืึทื ื ืืื ืื ISPmanager, VestaCP ืงืึธื ืืจืึธื ืืึทืคืืืข (ืืื ืจืืึฟ ืึธืคื ื ืืฉื ืืขืจืืืึทื ืืืงื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืึธืจื). ืืืืขืจ ืึทืจืืืขืจืคืืจื ืจืืงืืืขืก ืืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืขื ืืืขื ืืื ืืฉืืื.
ืืืืจืึทืืืึธื ืืื ืืืจืืืขืงืึธืื ืืฉืขืช ืคึผืจืึทืืขืจืืืื ื ืื IP ืึทืืจืขืก ืคืื ืื ืืจืึทื ืกืคืขืจื ืงืึทื ืืืื ืขืจ; ืืืจ ืืืขืื ืืืขืจื ืขืืขื ืึทื ืื IP ืืืึธืก ืืขืจ ืงืึทื ืืืื ืขืจ ืืื ืืื ืืขืจืืืขืืืขื ืืืืฃ ืื VM ืืื ืืืขื ืึทืจืืขืื ืึธื ืคืจืืืืขืืขื.
ืืืืืขืจ ืืืจ ืึทืจืืืขืจืคืืจื, ืืึธืื ืืื ืื ืืึทืื ืืืืขืจ ืึทื ืืืจ ืืึธืื ืึทืืฅ ืืื ืืึทื ื:
- OpenVZ ืกืขืจืืืขืจ, ืคืื ืืืึธืจืฆื ืึทืงืกืขืก ืฆื ืืขืจ ืืึทืืขืืึธืก ืืึทืฉืื, ืคืืืืงืืื ืฆื ืืึทืืื / ืึธื ืงืืึทืคึผื / ืึธื ืืืื / ืืืกืืขืงื ืงืึทื ืืืื ืขืจื
- KVM ืกืขืจืืืขืจ, ืคืื ืืืึธืจืฆื ืึทืงืกืขืก ืฆื ืืขืจ ืืึทืืขืืึธืก ืืึทืฉืื, ืืื ืึทืืข ืืืึธืก ืขืก ืืืคึผืืืื. ืขืก ืืื ืื ืืขื ืืืขื ืึทื ืึทืืฅ ืืื ืฉืืื ืงืึทื ืคืืืืขืจื ืืื ืืจืืื ืฆื ืืืื.
ืืื ืก ืึธื ืืืืื ืืจืึทื ืกืคืขืจืื ื
ืืืืืขืจ ืืืจ ืึธื ืืืืื ืื ืึทืจืืืขืจืคืืจื, ืืึธืื ืืื ืื ืืขืคืื ืืจื ืืขืจืืื ืขื ืืืึธืก ืืืขื ืืขืืคึฟื ืืืจ ืืืกืืืืื ืฆืขืืืฉืื ื:
KVM_NODE - KVM ืืึทืืขืืึธืก ืืึทืฉืื
VZ_NODE - OpenVZ ืืึทืืขืืึธืก ืืึทืฉืื
CTID - OpenVZ ืงืึทื ืืืื ืขืจ
VM - ืงืืื ืืืืจืืืึทื ืกืขืจืืืขืจ
ืคึผืจืืคึผืขืจืื ื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืืืืจืืืฉืึทื ืืื ืงืจืืืืืื ื ืืืืจืืืึทื ืืืฉืื ืขื.
ืฉืจืื ืงืกื ืืืงืก
ืืื ื ืืืจ ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืฆื ืึทืจืืืขืจืคืืจื ืืขื ืงืึทื ืืืื ืขืจ ืขืจืืขืฅ, ืืืจ ืืืขืื ืืึทืื VM ืืื ืึท ืขื ืืขื ืงืึทื ืคืืืืขืจืืืฉืึทื ืฆื KVM_NODE.
ืืืืืืืง! ืืืจ ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืฆื ืฉืึทืคึฟื ืึท VM ืืืืฃ ืื ืึธืคึผืขืจืืืืื ื ืกืืกืืขื ืืืึธืก ืืื ืืืฆื ืคืืืกื ืืืง ืืืืฃ CTID. ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืืึทืฉืคึผืื, ืืืื Ubuntu 14 ืืื ืืื ืกืืึทืืืจื ืืืืฃ ืื CTID, Ubuntu 14 ืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืกืืึทืืืจื ืืืืฃ ืื VM. ืืื ืขืจืืืขืจืืืง ืืืขืจืกืืขืก ืืขื ืขื ื ืืฉื ืืืืืืืง ืืื ืืืืขืจ ืืืกืงืจืขืคึผืึทื ืกื ืืื ื ืืฉื ืึทืืื ืงืจืืืืฉ, ืึธืืขืจ ืืืืคึผื ืืืขืจืกืืขืก ืืึธื ืืืื ืื ืืขืืืข.
ื ืึธื ืงืจืืืืืื ื ืื VM, ืืืจ ืืืขืื ืืขืจืืืึทื ืืืงื ืื ืคึผืึทืงืึทืืืฉืึทื ืืืืฃ ืื CTID ืืื ืืืืฃ ืื VM (ื ืื ืฆื ืืืื ืฆืขืืืฉื ืืื ืึทืคึผืืืืืื ื ืื ืึทืก - ืืืจ ืืึธื ื ืื ืืขืจืืืึทื ืืืงื ืขืก, ืืืจ ืืขืจืืืึทื ืืืงื ืืืืื ืื ืคึผืึทืงืึทืืืฉืึทื ืืื, ืืืื ืขืก ืงืืื, ืื ืึทืก ืืืขืจืกืืข ืืื ืื ืืืืคึผื. ืืืขืจืกืืข).
ืคึฟืึทืจ CentOS ืืขื ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืงืืงื ืืืฉืขืืืขื:
# yum clean all
# yum update -yืืื ื ืื ืืืืื ืืงืขืจ ืืืฉืขืืืขื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืืื ืื ืืื ืืขืืืึทื:
# apt-get update
# apt-get upgradeืฉืจืื ืงืกื ืืืงืก
ืื ืกืืึทืืืจื ืืืืฃ CTID, VZ_NODE ะธ VM ื ืืฆื rsync:
CentOS:
# yum install rsync -yืืขืืืึทื, ืืืื ืื:
# apt-get install rsync -yืืืจ ืืขื ืขื ื ืืฉื ืื ืกืืึธืืื ื ืขืคึผืขืก ืึทื ืืขืจืฉ ืึธืืขืจ ืืึธืจื ืึธืืขืจ ืืึธืจื.
ืฉืจืื ืงืกื ืืืงืก
ืืืจ ืืึทืื ืึท ืืึทืืื CTID ืืืืฃ VZ_NODE ืืึทื ืฉืึทืคึฟื
vzctl stop CTIDืืึทืื ืืื ื ืื ืืืื CTID:
vzctl mount CTIDืืืื ืฆื ืื /vz/root/ ืืขืงืขCTID ืืื ืืืกืคืืจื
mount --bind /dev dev && mount --bind /sys sys && mount --bind /proc proc && chroot .ืืื ืืขืจ ืืขืจ ืืืึธืจืฆื, ืฉืึทืคึฟื ืึท ืืขืงืข /root/exclude.txt - ืขืก ืืืขื ืึทื ืืืึทืืื ืึท ืจืฉืืื ืคืื ืืืืกื ืขืืขื ืืืึธืก ืืืขื ื ืืฉื ืืึทืงืืืขื ืฆื ืื ื ืืึทืข ืกืขืจืืืขืจ
/boot
/proc
/sys
/tmp
/dev
/var/lock
/etc/fstab
/etc/mtab
/etc/resolv.conf
/etc/conf.d/net
/etc/network/interfaces
/etc/networks
/etc/sysconfig/network*
/etc/sysconfig/hwconf
/etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config
/etc/sysconfig/kernel
/etc/hostname
/etc/HOSTNAME
/etc/hosts
/etc/modprobe*
/etc/modules
/net
/lib/modules
/etc/rc.conf
/usr/share/nova-agent*
/usr/sbin/nova-agent*
/etc/init.d/nova-agent*
/etc/ips
/etc/ipaddrpool
/etc/ips.dnsmaster
/etc/resolv.conf
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens3ืืืจ ืคืึทืจืืื ืื ืฆื KVM_NODE ืืื ืงืึทืืขืจ ืืื ืืืขืจ VMืึทืืื ืึทื ืขืก ืึทืจืืขื ืืื ืืื ืฆืืืจืืืืขื ืืืืขืจ ืื ื ืขืฅ.
ืืืฆื ืึทืืฅ ืืื ืืจืืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืจืืืขืจืคืืจื. ืืื!
ืฉืจืื ืงืกื ืืืงืก
ื ืึธื ืืื ืืขืจ ืื ืจืขืืข, ืืืจ ืืืจืืคืืจื
rsync --exclude-from="/root/exclude.txt" --numeric-ids -avpogtStlHz --progress -e "ssh -T -o Compression=no -x" / root@KVM_NODE:/ืื rsync ืืึทืคึฟืขื ืืืขื ืืืจืืคืืจื ืื ืึทืจืืืขืจืคืืจื, ืืืจ ืืึธืคื ืึทื ืื ืฉืืืกืืขื ืืขื ืขื ืงืืึธืจ - ืื ืึทืจืืืขืจืคืืจื ืืื ืืืจืืืขืงืึธืื ืืื ืื ืคึผืจืขืืขืจืืืืืฉืึทื ืคืื ืกืืืืื ืงืก, ืึทืงืกืขืก ืจืขืื, ืึธืื ืขืจื ืืื ืืจืืคึผืขืก, ืืื ืขื ืงืจืืคึผืฉืึทื ืืื ืคืึทืจืงืจืืคึผืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืืจืขืกืขืจืข ืืืืงืืึทื (ืืืจ ืงืขื ื ืืฆื ืขืืืขืืข ืคืึทืกืืขืจ ืกืืคืขืจ, ืึธืืขืจ ืืึธืก ืืื ื ืืฉื ืึทืืื ืืืืืืืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืขื ืึทืจืืขื), ืืื ืืขืืื ื ืืื ืงืึทืืคึผืจืขืฉืึทื ืืื ืคืึทืจืงืจืืคึผืื.
ื ืึธื ืงืึทืืคึผืืืืื ื rsync, ืึทืจืืืกืืึทื ื ืคืื chroot (ืืืจื ืืจืื ืืืขื ืงืืจื + ื) ืืื ืืืกืคืืจื
umount dev && umount proc && umount sys && cd .. && vzctl umount CTIDืฉืจืื ืงืกื ืืืงืก
ืืึธืืืจ ืืืจืืคืืจื ืขืืืขืืข ืกืืขืคึผืก ืืืึธืก ืืืขื ืืขืืคึฟื ืืื ืื ืงืึทืืขืจ ืื VM ื ืึธื ืืจืึทื ืกืคืขืจืื ื ืคึฟืื OpenVZ.
ืืืืฃ ืกืขืจืืืขืจืก ืืื Systemd ืืึธืื ืืื ืื ืืืกืคืืจื ืึท ืืึทืคึฟืขื ืืืึธืก ืืืขื ืืขืืคึฟื ืืื ืื ืงืืึธืฅ ืืื ืฆื ืึท ืจืขืืืืขืจ ืงืึทื ืกืึธืื, ืืืฉื, ืืืจื ืึท VNC ืกืขืจืืืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฉืืขืื
mv /etc/systemd/system/getty.target.wants/[email protected] /etc/systemd/system/getty.target.wants/[email protected]ืืืืฃ ืกืขืจืืืขืจืก CentOS 6 ะธ CentOS 7 ืืืื ืืืืขืจ ืฆื ืื ืกืืึทืืืจื ืึท ืคืจืืฉ ืงืขืจื:
yum install kernel-$(uname -r)ืืขืจ ืกืขืจืืืขืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืืืื ืืึธืืืื ืคึฟืื ืืื, ืึธืืขืจ ื ืึธื ืื ืึทืจืืืขืจืคืืจื ืขืก ืงืขื ืืึทืืื ืืจืืขืื ืึธืืขืจ ืืืขืจื ืืืืกืืขืืขืงื.
ืืืืฃ ืกืขืจืืืขืจ CentOS 7 ืืืจ ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืฆื ืฆืืืืืื ืึท ืงืืืื ืคืึทืจืจืืืื ืคึฟืึทืจ PolkitD, ืึทื ืืขืจืฉ ืืขืจ ืกืขืจืืืขืจ ืืืขื ืงืจืึทื ืืืืฃ ืืืืืืง:
getent group polkitd >/dev/null && echo -e "e[1;32mpolkitd group already existse[0m" || { groupadd -r polkitd && echo -e "e[1;33mAdded missing polkitd groupe[0m" || echo -e "e[1;31mAdding polkitd group FAILEDe[0m"; }
getent passwd polkitd >/dev/null
&& echo -e "e[1;32mpolkitd user already existse[0m" || { useradd -r -g polkitd -d / -s /sbin/nologin -c "User for polkitd" polkitd && echo -e "e[1;33mAdded missing polkitd usere[0m" || echo -e "e[1;31mAdding polkitd user FAILEDe[0m"; }
rpm -Va polkit* && echo -e "e[1;32mpolkit* rpm verification passede[0m" || { echo -e "e[1;33mResetting polkit* rpm user/group ownership & permse[0m"; rpm --setugids polkit polkit-pkla-compat; rpm --setperms polkit polkit-pkla-compat; }ืืืืฃ ืึทืืข ืกืขืจืืืขืจืก, ืืืื mod_fcgid ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืคึผืึทืืฉื ืืื ืืื ืกืืึทืืืจื, ืืืจ ืืืขืื ืืืจืืคืืจื ืึท ืงืืืื ืคืึทืจืจืืืื ืืื ืจืขืื, ืึทื ืืขืจืฉ ืืืืืืขื ื ืืฆื mod_fcgid ืืืขื ืงืจืึทื ืืื ืืขืืช 500:
chmod +s `which suexec` && apachectl restartืืื ืื ืืขืฆืืข ืืึทื ืืื ื ืืฆืืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืืื ืื ืืื ืืขืืืึทื ืืืกืืจืืืืืฉืึทื ื. ืืขื ืึทืก ืงืขื ืงืจืึทื ืืื ืึทื ืืืืืืง ืฉืืืืื ืืื ืึท ืืขืืช
ืืืคึผืื ื ืฆื ืฉื ืขื. ืืขืจืื ืืืจืืคืืจืื ื ืึท ืืืกื
ืคึผืจืืงืจืข, ืึธืืขืจ ืืืืื ืคืึทืจืคืขืกืืืงื, ืืืคึผืขื ืืื ื ืืืืฃ ืื ืึทืก ืืืขืจืกืืข.
ืืืืฃ ืืขืืืึทื ืงืกื ืืืงืก ืื ืคืึทืจืจืืืื ืงืืงื ืืื ืืึธืก:
ืืืจ ืคืืจื ืืืืก
dbus-uuidgenืืืื ืืืจ ืืึทืงืืืขื ืึท ืืขืืช
/usr/local/lib/libdbus-1.so.3: ืืืขืจืกืืข `LIBDBUS_PRIVATE_1.10.8โฒ ื ืื ืืขืคึฟืื ืขื
ืงืึธื ืืจืึธืืืจื ืื ืืืึทืืืึทื ืคืื LIBDBUS
ls -la /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu | grep dbus
libdbus-1.so.3 -> libdbus-1.so.3.14.15
libdbus-1.so.3.14.15 <-- ะฝัะถะตะฝ ััะพั
libdbus-1.so.3.14.16ืืืื ืึทืืฅ ืืื ืืื ืกืืจ, ืืืจ ืืึธื ืืึธืก
cd /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
rm -rf libdbus-1.so.3
ln -s libdbus-1.so.3.14.15 libdbus-1.so.3ืืืื ืขืก ืงืขื ื ืืฉื ืืขืืคื, ืคึผืจืืืืจื ืื ืจืืข ืึธืคึผืฆืืข.
ืื ืจืืข ืืืืืื ื ืฆื ืืขื ืคึผืจืึธืืืขื ืืื ืืขืจืื ืืืจืืคืืจืื ื ืึท ืืืกื ืคึผืึทืกืืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึผืืขื ืึทืืข Ubuntu ืืื Debian ืืืกืืจืืืืืฉืึทื ื.
ืืืจ ืคืืจื ืืืืก
bash -x /var/lib/dpkg/info/dbus.postinst configureืืื ืคึฟืึทืจ Ubuntu 14, ืืขืืืึทื ืงืกื ืืืงืก ืืื ืืขืจืฆื, ืืืจ ืืืจืืคืืจื:
adduser --system --home /nonexistent --no-create-home --disabled-password --group messagebus
rm -rf /etc/init.d/modules_dep.sh ืืืึธืก ืืึธืื ืืืจ ืืขืืื? ืืืจ ืจืืกืืึธืจื ืื ืืขืกืขืืืฉืืืก, ืืืึธืก ืืื ืคืขืื ืืืง ืฆื ืืืืคื ืืขืืืึทื / ืืืื ืื, ืืื ืึทืืืขืงืืขื ืืืขื modules_dep, ืืืึธืก ืืื ืืขืงืืืขื ืคึฟืื OpenVZ ืืื ืื ืืขืจืคืืจื ืืื ืื ืืึธืืืื ื ืคืื ืคืืืข ืงืขืจื ืืึทืืืฉืืื.
ืฉืจืื ืงืกื ืืืงืก
ืืืจ ืจืขืืึธืึธื ืื VM, ืืฉืขืง ืืื VNC ืืื ืื ืืึธืืืื ื ืืื ืคึผืจืึทืืจืขืกืื ื ืืื, ืืืืืื, ืึทืืฅ ืืืขื ืืึธืื ืึธื ืคืจืืืืขืืขื. ืืึธืืฉ ืขืก ืืื ืืขืืืขื ืึทื ืขืืืขืืข ืกืคึผืขืฆืืคืืฉ ืคึผืจืึธืืืขืืก ืืืขื ืืขืจืฉืืึทื ืขื ื ืึธื ืื ืืืืืจืืืฉืึทื, ืืื ืืขื ืขื ืืืืึทืืขืจ ืคืื ืืขื ืคืึทืจื ืขื ืคืื ืืขื ืึทืจืืืงื ืืื ืืืขื ืืืื ืงืขืจืขืงืืึทื ืืื ืืื ืฉืืืืขื.
ืืื ืืึธืคึฟื ืึทื ืื ืืื ืคึฟืึธืจืืึทืฆืืข ืืื ื ืืฆืืง! ๐
ืืงืืจ: www.habr.com