ื•ื•ื™ ืจื™ืœื™ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ื– ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ (ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1)

ื”ืขืœื, ื”ืื‘ืจ! ืื™ืš ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืึทืžืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืึท ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ
"ื•ื•ื™ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืึท ืจื™ืœื™ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜".

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื• ืจื™ืœื™ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ื– ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื™ื– ืคืขืœื ื“ื™ืง. ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื•ื. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ื– ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื, ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื•ืฆื™ืง SQLite ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ื˜ืขืจืึทื“ืึทื˜ืึท. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜. ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ืฆืŸ "ื•ื•ื™ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืึทืจืขืœืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืึทืœ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜" ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืง ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ. ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ื“ื™ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงื•ืจืฅ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื‘ืึทื–ื™ ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื– (BigData, NoSQL ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืกืงืจื™ืคึผื˜), ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ืื™ืŸ-ื˜ื™ืคืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ.

ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืจื™ืœื™ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ื– ืฆื• ืึทืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื ื•ื“ื ืข ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ืึทืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืงืึธืจืกืึทื–, ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ?

ื•ื•ื™ ืจื™ืœื™ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ื– ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ (ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1)

ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจ, ืื™ืš ื”ืึทืก ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื™ืš ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ 40 ื™ืึธืจ, ืขืก ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ืกื™ื‘ื”. ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืืจื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืขื” ืฆื• ื˜ืึทืงืข ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึธื“ื ืข ืฉื•ื•ืึทืจืฅ ื‘ืึธืงืกืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืš ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’. ืจื™ืœื™ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ื•ื–ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืงืึทื ืกืขืคึผืก. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื™ืฆืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขืœื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื˜ืขืžืข, ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื”ื ืื” ื“ืขื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ.

ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื˜ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืื™ื– ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ, ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ืคึฟืจืื’ืŸ RAW; ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืื™ืจ ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ. ื“ืืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืฆื™ื’ืกื˜ืข ื–ืืš ื•ื•ืืก ื“ื• ื“ืืจืคืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ื’ืข ื•ื•ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ.

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ื‘ืึทืกื™ืงืก, ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืขืงืกื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทืžื– (ื‘ื™ื’ืึธ). ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืื™ืจ ื”ืึทืกืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืฃ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึธืŸ ืขืก ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืจืึทืงืึทืกื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก. ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ื“ืืก ืื™ื– ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ื ื•ืฉื, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคืึธืงื•ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืš ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง: ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืึทื– ืกืงืœ ืึธื ืคืจืขื’. ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื‘ืึทืงืขื ืขืŸ ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ืงืึทื ืกืขืคึผืกืึทื–ื•ื™ ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืคึผื˜ืขืจ.

ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืœืึทื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืฉ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ื ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ื•ื– ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทืžื– ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจื–, ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืขืก. ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงืึทื ืกืขืคึผืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ; ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธืคึผืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ืข ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง.

ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจ ื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืื™ื– ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ 3 ืคึผืึทืจืฅ:

  • ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืœื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง-ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš-ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ
  • ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืœื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ืคึฟืจืขื’ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก
  • ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืœื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืคืขืจ ืคึผื•ืœ ืžืึทื ืึทื’ืขืžืขื ื˜

ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืกื™ืงืก

ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง (ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืึทืœืึทืงืกื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ...), ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืึธื“ืขื“. ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืื•ืกื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทืžื– ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจื– ื“ื•ืจืš ื”ืึทืจืฅ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื–ื™ื™ ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื ืขื  ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืคึผื• ืื•ืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืžืขืœืขืš ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจืก.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ืกืขืคึผืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก. ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืึทืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืฃ ื“ื™ื™ื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ืื™ื ื“ืขืงืก.

ืึธ(1) ืงืขื’ืŸ ืึธ(ื 2)

ื ืึธื•ื•ืึทื“ื™ื™ึทืก, ืคื™ืœืข ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืึธืจื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืขืงืกื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทืžื– ... ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜!

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ (ืื™ืš ืจืขื“ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ) ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ืกื˜ืจืึทื’ืึทืœื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ืกืขืงืึทื ื“ื–, ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืฃ. ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื™ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืŸ, ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก! ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื•ื ื˜. ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืขืœืคึฟืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืก-ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ (ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ).

ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืฃ

ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืขืงืกื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืœืึทื ื’ ืึท ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืกื•ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ. ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืขืงืกื™ื˜ื™, ืžื™ืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืึธ ืžืึทื˜ืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืงืึทืœ ื ืึธื•ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ื“ื™ ื ืึธื•ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคึฟื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœืข ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืึท ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืคึผื•ืฅ.

ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื–ืึธื’ืŸ "ื“ืขืจ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ื”ืื˜ ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืขืงืกื™ื˜ื™ ืึธ(ืกืึธืžืข_ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ()), ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ืจื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืจื– ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข_ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข (ืึท_ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ_ืึทืžืึทื•ื ื˜_ืคื•ืŸ_ื“ืึทื˜ืึท) ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืฆื• ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’ ืึท ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืกื•ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง**, ืื ื“ืขืจืฉ ** ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื™ื ืงืจื™ืกื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืกื™ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื“. ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืขืงืกื™ื˜ื™ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึท ืคึผื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื• ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฆืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ื˜.

ื•ื•ื™ ืจื™ืœื™ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ื– ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ (ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1)

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืขืงืกื™ื˜ื™ื–. ืื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืึท ืœืึธื’ืึทืจื™ื˜ื”ืžื™ืง ื•ื•ืึธื’ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™. ืื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืกื•ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืกื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ 1 ืฆื• 1 ื‘ื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ. ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ืขืŸ ืึทื–:

  • ืึธ (1) ืึธื“ืขืจ ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจื“ื™ืง ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืขืงืกื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจื“ื™ืง (ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจื“ื™ืง ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืขืงืกื™ื˜ื™).
  • O(ืงืœืึธืฅ(n)) ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ืœื™ืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ.
  • ืขืจื’ืกื˜ืข ืงื•ืฉื™ โ€” ืึธ(ื 2), ื•ื•ื• ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืืงืกื˜ ืจืึทืคึผืึทื“ืœื™.
  • ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“.

ืขืงืกืึทืžืคึผืœืขืก

ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืกื•ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ, ื“ื™ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืึธ (1) ืื•ืŸ ืึธ (ื  2) ืื™ื– ื ืขื’ืœืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื‘ืึทืœ. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืก ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืฆื• ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก 2000 ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ.

  • ื“ื™ ืึธ (1) ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืื™ืจ 1 ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข
  • ื“ื™ O (ืœืึธื’ (n)) ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืื™ืจ 7 ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–
  • ื“ื™ O (n) ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืื™ืจ 2 ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–
  • ื“ื™ O(n*log(n)) ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืื™ืจ 14 ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–
  • ื“ื™ O (n2) ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืื™ืจ 4 ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–

ื“ืขืจ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืึธ (1) ืื•ืŸ ืึธ (ื  2) ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก (4 ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–), ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคืึทืจืœื™ืจืŸ ืžืึทืงืกื™ืžื•ื 2 ืžื™ื–, ื ืึธืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืคึผื™ื ื˜ืœืขืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ. ื˜ืึทืงืข, ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจื– ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ืื ืขืŸ ืืคืขืจืืฆื™ืขืก ืคืขืจ ืกืขืงื•ื ื“ืข. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืœืข IT ืคึผืจืึทื“ื–ืฉืขืงืก.

ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื–ืื’ื˜, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืจื™ื–ื™ืง ืึทืžืึทื•ื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืึธืก ืžืึธืœ ื“ื™ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ื”ืื˜ ืฆื• ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก 1 ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ (ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก):

  • ื“ื™ ืึธ (1) ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืื™ืจ 1 ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข
  • ื“ื™ O (ืœืึธื’ (n)) ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืื™ืจ 14 ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–
  • ื“ื™ O (n) ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืื™ืจ 1 ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–
  • ื“ื™ O(n*log(n)) ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืื™ืจ 14 ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–
  • ื“ื™ O (n2) ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืื™ืจ 1 ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–

ืื™ืš ื”ืื‘ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืึทื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืึทื– ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ O(n2) ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืึท ืงืึทื•ื•ืข (ืืคื™ืœื• ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™!). ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื ืึธืš 0 ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื“, ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ื“ืจืขืžืœ.

ืœืืžื™ืจ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคืขืจ

ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข:

  • ื ื’ื•ื˜ ื”ืึทืฉ ื˜ื™ืฉ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึธ (1).
  • ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜-ื‘ืึทืœืึทื ืกื˜ ื‘ื•ื™ื ื˜ืจืื’ื˜ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึธ (ืœืึธื’ (n)).
  • ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืึท ืžืขื ื’ืข ื˜ืจืื’ื˜ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ O (n).
  • ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืกืึธืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทืžื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืขืงืกื™ื˜ื™ O (n * ืœืึธื’ (n)).
  • ื ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ืกืึธืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ื”ืื˜ ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืขืงืกื™ื˜ื™ ืึธ(ื 2).

ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’: ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทืžื– ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจื–.

ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืขืงืกื™ื˜ื™:

  • ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืคืึทืœ ืกืฆืขื ืึทืจ
  • ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืคืึทืœ ืกืฆืขื ืึทืจ
  • ืื•ืŸ ืขืจื’ืกื˜ ืคืึทืœ ืกืฆืขื ืึทืจ

ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืขืงืกื™ื˜ื™ ืื™ื– ืึธืคื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืจื’ืกื˜ ืคืึทืœ ืกืฆืขื ืึทืจ.

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื ืึธืจ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืขืงืกื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืขืงืกื™ื˜ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืึทืคึผืœื™ื™ื– ืฆื•:

  • ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ืกืึทืžืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื
  • ื“ื™ืกืง I/O ืงืึทื ืกืึทืžืฉืึทืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื

ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืขืจื’ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ n2, ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ:

  • n4: ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฉืจืขืงืœืขืš! ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืžืื ื˜ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทืžื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืขืงืกื™ื˜ื™.
  • 3 ืŸ: ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืขืจื’ืขืจ! ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทืžื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ื”ืื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืขืงืกื™ื˜ื™ (ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคืืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ื–).
  • ืคืึทืงื˜ืึธืจื™ืึทืœ n: ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืกื•ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ.
  • nn: ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืขืงืกื™ื˜ื™, ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื˜ืึทืงืข ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืขืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ...

ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’: ืื™ืš ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื“ืขืคึฟื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืึธ ื‘ืึทืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ื•ื ื’, ื ืึธืจ ืึท ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง. ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืื™ืŸ Wikipedia ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ (ืึทืกื™ืžืคึผื˜ืึธื˜ื™ืง) ื“ืขืคึฟื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืข.

MergeSort

ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืกืึธืจื˜ ืึท ื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’? ื•ื•ืืก? ืื™ืจ ืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืึธืจื˜ () ืคึฟื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ... ื’ื•ื˜, ื’ื•ื˜ ืขื ื˜ืคึฟืขืจืŸ ... ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก, ืื™ืจ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืกืึธืจื˜ () ืคึฟื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜.

ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื’ื•ื˜ ืกืึธืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทืžื–, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคืึธืงื•ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง: ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ื™ืกืŸ ืกืึธืจื˜. ืื™ืจ ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืกืึธืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ืจืขื›ื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ืึธื ืคึฟืจืขื’ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ. ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ื™ืกืŸ ืกืึธืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืขืœืคึฟืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ื™ืกืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ (ืžืขืจืขืจ ืคืึทืจื‘ืึทื ื“).

ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ื™ืกืŸ

ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœืข ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทืžื–, ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ื™ืกืŸ ืกืึธืจื˜ ืจื™ืœื™ื™ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื˜ืจื™ืง: ืงืึทืžื‘ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ 2 ืกืึธืจื˜ืขื“ ืขืจื™ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก N/2 ืื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ N-ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืกืึธืจื˜ืขื“ ืžืขื ื’ืข ืงืึธืก ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– N ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–. ื“ืขื ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืžืขืจื“ื–ืฉื™ื ื’.

ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ื–ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ:

ื•ื•ื™ ืจื™ืœื™ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ื– ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ (ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1)

ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื’ื•ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื˜ ืึทื– ืฆื• ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ ืกืึธืจื˜ื™ืจื˜ 8-ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืžืขื ื’ืข, ืื™ืจ ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื™ื˜ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ ืึทืžืึธืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ 2 4-ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืขืจื™ื™ื–. ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข 4-ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืขืจื™ื™ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜:

  • 1) ืื™ืจ ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ึทื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืขืจื™ื™ื– (ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืงืจืึทื ื˜ = ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ)
  • 2) ื“ืึทืŸ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœืขื ืกื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืึท 8 ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืžืขื ื’ืข
  • 3) ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื’ืข ื•ื•ื• ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœืขื ืกื˜ืขืจ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜
  • ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื—ื–ืจืŸ 1,2,3 ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืจ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจื™ื™ื–.
  • ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืื™ืจ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื•ืขืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืžืขื ื’ืข ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืึท 8 ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืžืขื ื’ืข.

ื“ืึธืก ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข 4-ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืขืจื™ื™ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• "ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง" ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจื™ื™ื–.

ืื™ืฆื˜ ืึทื– ืžื™ืจ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื™ืง, ื“ืึธ ืื™ื– ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืกืขื•ื•ื“ืึธืงืึธื“ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ื™ืกืŸ:

array mergeSort(array a)
   if(length(a)==1)
      return a[0];
   end if

   //recursive calls
   [left_array right_array] := split_into_2_equally_sized_arrays(a);
   array new_left_array := mergeSort(left_array);
   array new_right_array := mergeSort(right_array);

   //merging the 2 small ordered arrays into a big one
   array result := merge(new_left_array,new_right_array);
   return result;

ืžืขืจื“ื–ืฉ ืกืึธืจื˜ ื‘ืจื™ื™ืงืก ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืื™ืŸ ืงืœืขื ืขืจืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœืขื ืขืจืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื (ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’: ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ืื™ื– ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ื’ืงืขืจ). ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื, ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืึธืจื’; ืื™ืš ื”ืื‘ ืขืก ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื“ืืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืžืืœ ื•ื•ืืก ืื™ืš ื”ืื‘ ืขืก ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื”ืขืœืคึฟืŸ ืื™ืจ, ืื™ืš ื–ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™-ืคืึทืกืข ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื:

  • ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื–ืฉืึทืŸ ืคืึทืกืข, ื•ื•ื• ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื’ืข ืื™ื– ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืœืขื ืขืจืขืจ ืขืจื™ื™ื–
  • ื“ื™ ืกืึธืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคืึทืกืข ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื• ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืขืจื™ื™ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืึทืžื‘ื™ื™ื ื“ (ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ืึทื ื“) ืฆื• ืคืึธืจืขื ืึท ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ืžืขื ื’ืข.

ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื–ืฉืึทืŸ ืคืึทืกืข

ื•ื•ื™ ืจื™ืœื™ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ื– ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ (ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1)

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ื ืข, ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื’ืข ืื™ื– ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื™ื˜ืึทืจื™ ืขืจื™ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ 3 ืกื˜ืขืคึผืก. ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืžืึทืœ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืขืคึผืก ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืฅ (ืขืŸ) (ื–ื™ื ื˜ N = 8, ืœืึธื’ (ืขืŸ) = 3).

ื•ื•ื™ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื“ืขื?

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ืฉืขื ื™! ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืจื˜ - ืžืื˜ืขืžืื˜ื™ืง. ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง ืื™ื– ืึทื– ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฉืจื™ื˜ ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืขื ื’ืข ืžื™ื˜ 2. ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืืœ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืขื ื’ืข ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคึผื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ื“ืขืคึฟื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืึท ืœืึธื’ืึทืจื™ื˜ื”ื (ื‘ืึทื–ืข 2).

ืกืึธืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคืึทืกืข

ื•ื•ื™ ืจื™ืœื™ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ื– ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ (ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1)

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืึธืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคืึทืกืข, ืื™ืจ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื•ื ื™ื˜ืึทืจื™ (ืื™ื™ืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜) ืขืจื™ื™ื–. ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฉืจื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืฆื•ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืคืœ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ื™ืกืŸ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืื™ื– N = 8 ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–:

  • ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ืข ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 4 ืžืขืจื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืึธืกื˜ืŸ 2 ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื™ืขื“ืขืจ
  • ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข ืฉืจื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 2 ืžืขืจื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืึธืกื˜ืŸ 4 ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื™ืขื“ืขืจ
  • ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื˜ ืฉืจื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 1 ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืึธืก 8 ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–

ื–ื™ื ื˜ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืœืึธืฅ (ืขืŸ) ืกื˜ืขืคึผืก, ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– N * ืงืœืึธืฅ (ืขืŸ) ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–.

ืึทื“ื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ืึทื’ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ื™ืกืŸ ืกืึธืจื˜

ืคืืจื•ื•ืืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง?

ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ:

  • ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืขืก ืฆื• ืจืขื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ืฉืคึผื•ืจ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืขืจื™ื™ื– ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ืžืึธื“ื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ ืžืขื ื’ืข.

ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’: ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ืื™ื– ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ in-ืึธืจื˜ (ืกืึธืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึธืŸ ื ืึธืš ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ).

  • ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืขืก ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ืกืง ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืกื•ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื“ื™ืกืง ื™ / ืึธ ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจื›ืขื“. ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืœืึธื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืจืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื˜. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืกืึธืจื˜ ืึท ืžืึทืœื˜ื™-ื’ื™ื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึท 100-ืžืขื’ืึทื‘ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืคืขืจ.

ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’: ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ืื™ื– ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ืกืึธืจื˜.

  • ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืขืก ืฆื• ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงื™ื™ืคืœ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืึทื– / ืคึฟืขื“ืขื / ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก.

ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืคื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ื™ืกืŸ ืกืึธืจื˜ ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ Hadoop (ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ).

  • ื“ืขืจ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื ื“ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื™ึท ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืœื“ (ื˜ืึทืงืข!).

ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ึฟ (ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข) ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ื–, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืžืขืจ, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธืก ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ืกืึธืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทืžื–.

ืžืขื ื’ืข, ื‘ื•ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืฉ ื˜ื™ืฉ

ืื™ืฆื˜ ืึทื– ืžื™ืจ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืขืงืกื™ื˜ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืกืึธืจื˜ื™ื ื’, ืื™ืš ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 3 ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจื–. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ื–. ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืึทืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืฃ ื“ื™ื™ื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ืื™ื ื“ืขืงืก.

Array

ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™-ื“ื™ืžืขื ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืžืขื ื’ืข ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืกื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืกื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ. ื ื˜ื™ืฉ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึทื ืกื™ื“ืขืจื“ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืžืขื ื’ืข. ืœืžืฉืœ:

ื•ื•ื™ ืจื™ืœื™ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ื– ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ (ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1)

ื“ืขื 2-ื“ื™ืžืขื ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืžืขื ื’ืข ืื™ื– ืึท ื˜ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ืจืึธื•ื– ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคืืœื˜ืŸ:

  • ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ืจื” ืจืขืคึผืจืึทื–ืขื ืฅ ืึทืŸ ืขื ื˜ื™ื˜ื™
  • ืฉืคืืœื˜ืŸ ืงืจืึธื ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืขืจื˜ื™ืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื ื˜ื™ื˜ื™.
  • ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ึทืœ ืกื˜ืึธืจื– ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ื˜ื™ืคึผ (ื™ื ื˜ืึทื“ื–ืฉืขืจ, ืฉื˜ืจื™ืงืœ, ื“ืึทื˜ืข ...).

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืงื•ื•ืขื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื–ืฉื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง.

ืฆื•ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ืง, ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืจื•ื“ืขืจืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ืฆื™ ื“ื™ ืจื•ื“ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื•ืง. ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืขืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื–ื•ื•ื• N - ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ืขืก ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืกื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’? ืื™ืฆื˜ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ืžืขืจ.

ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’: ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ื– ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืขืงืกื˜ืขื ื“ืขื“ ืขืจื™ื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ื™ืคื™ืฉืึทื ื˜ืœื™: ืงื•ืคึผืข-ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืงืก-ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ื˜ื™ืฉืŸ. ืื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืฉืคืืœื˜ืŸ.

ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืกืข ื‘ื•ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืงืก

ื ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจื™ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ื ืื™ื– ืึท ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืจื™ ื‘ื•ื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืคืึทืจืžืึธื’, ื“ืขืจ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื ืึธื“ืข ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ:

  • ื’ืจืขืกืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ืงืก ืกื•ื‘ื˜ืจื™ืข
  • ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืึทืœืข ืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืกื•ื‘ื˜ืจื™ืข

ื–ืืœ ืก ื–ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ืžื™ื˜ืœ ื•ื•ื™ื–ืฉื•ื•ืึทืœื™

ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง

ื•ื•ื™ ืจื™ืœื™ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ื– ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ (ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1)

ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื•ื™ื ื”ืื˜ N = 15 ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ. ืœืืžื™ืจ ื–ืื’ืŸ ืื– ืื™ืš ื–ื•ืš 208:

  • ืื™ืš ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ึท ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืจืฆืœ ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืื™ื– 136. ื–ื™ื ื˜ 136 <208, ืื™ืš ืงื•ืง ื‘ื™ื™ึท ื“ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืกื•ื‘ื˜ืจื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื ืึธื“ืข 136.
  • 398>208 ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืš ืงื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ืงืก ืกื•ื‘ื˜ืจื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื ืึธื“ืข 398
  • 250>208 ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืš ืงื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ืงืก ืกื•ื‘ื˜ืจื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื ืึธื“ืข 250
  • 200 <208, ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืš ืงื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืกื•ื‘ื˜ืจื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ื ืึธื“ืข 200. ืึธื‘ืขืจ 200 ื”ืื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืกื•ื‘ื˜ืจื™ืข, ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืขืงืกื™ืกื˜ื™ืจืŸ (ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ื™ื’ื–ื™ืกืฅ, ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืกื•ื‘ื˜ืจื™ืข 200).

ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืœืืžื™ืจ ื–ืื’ืŸ ืื– ืื™ืš ื–ื•ืš 40

  • ืื™ืš ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ึท ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืจืฆืœ ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืื™ื– 136. ื–ื™ื ื˜ 136> 40, ืื™ืš ืงื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ืงืก ืกื•ื‘ื˜ืจื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื ืึธื“ืข 136.
  • 80> 40, ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ืื™ืš ืงื•ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ืงืก ืกื•ื‘ื˜ืจื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื ืึธื“ืข 80
  • 40= 40, ื ืึธื“ืข ื™ื’ื–ื™ืกืฅ. ืื™ืš ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงืจื™ื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื•ื“ืขืจืŸ ืฉื™ื™ึทืŸ ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึธื“ืข (ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืœื“) ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืจื•ื“ืขืจืŸ ืฉื™ื™ึทืŸ.
  • ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื•ื“ืขืจืŸ ืฉื™ื™ึทืŸ ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืžื™ืจ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื•ื• ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืฉ, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงืจื™ื’ืŸ ืขืก ื˜ื™ื™ืงืขืฃ.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืฃ, ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืึธื ืคึฟืจืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื•ื•ืขืœืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ื. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ื™ืกืŸ ืกืึธืจื˜ ืงืขืจืคืึทืœื™, ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ืขืŸ ืึทื– ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืœืึธืฅ (N) ืœืขื•ื•ืขืœืก. ืขืก ื•ื•ืฒึทื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก, ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืงืึธืก ืœืึธื’ (ืขืŸ), ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜!

ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืžืงืขืจืŸ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื

ืื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึทื‘ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื. ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืึท ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื ื•ืžืขืจ, ื™ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืŸ ืึท ืฉื˜ืจื™ืงืœ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจืขืคึผืจืึทื–ืขื ืฅ ื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ื˜ื™ืฉ. ื–ืืœ ืก ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื•ื™ื ื•ื•ืึธืก ื›ึผื•ืœืœ ื“ื™ "ืœืึทื ื“" ืคืขืœื“ (ื–ื™ื™ึทืœ 3) ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืฉ:

  • ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ืง
  • ืื™ืจ ืงื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ื ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึธื“ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจืขืคึผืจืึทื–ืขื ืฅ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื‘ืจื™ื˜ืึทืŸ
  • ื™ืŸ "UKnode" ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ืง ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืก.

ื“ืขื ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืœืึธื’ (ืขืŸ) ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืŸ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื’ืข ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš. ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ื™ื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ืื™ื ื“ืขืงืก.

ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ื•ื™ื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ (ืฉื˜ืจื™ืงืœ, ื ื•ืžืขืจ, 2 ืฉื•ืจื•ืช, ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจื™ืงืœ, ื“ืึทื˜ืข ...) ื•ื•ื™ ืœืึทื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืคึฟื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ึทื›ืŸ ืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืŸ (ื“"ื” ืคืขืœื“ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืขืก) ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืกื“ืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืŸ (ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก).

ื‘ + ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื“ืขืงืก

ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื•ื™ื ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืคืœ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก. ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืึธ (ืขืŸ) ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื ืึธื“ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก (ืœืžืฉืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืึธืจื“ืขืจื“ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ื). ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ืกืง I/O ืคืจื™ื™ึทื ื“ืœืขืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืื™ืจ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ื‘ื•ื™ื. ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื• ื™ืคื™ืฉืึทื ื˜ืœื™ ื•ื™ืกืคื™ืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ. ืฆื• ืกืึธืœื•ื•ืข ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื, ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ื– ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืึท ืžืึทื“ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ื‘ื•ื™ื ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื‘ + ื˜ืจื™. ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ + ื˜ืจื™ ื‘ื•ื™ื:

  • ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืœืึธื•ืึทืกื˜ ื ืึธื•ื“ื– (ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ) ืงืจืึธื ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข (ืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืึธื•ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืขื ืข ื˜ื™ืฉ)
  • ื“ื™ ืจืขืฉื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึธื•ื“ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืจื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื ืึธื“ืข ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื–ื•ื›ืŸ.

ื•ื•ื™ ืจื™ืœื™ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ื– ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ (ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1)

ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ืขืŸ, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ื ืึธื•ื“ื– ื“ืึธ (ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืึธืœ). ื˜ืึทืงืข, ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ืึธืš ื ืึธื•ื“ื–, "ื‘ืึทืฉืœื•ืก ื ืึธื•ื“ื–", ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืขืœืคึฟืŸ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื ืึธื“ืข (ื•ื•ืึธืก ืกื˜ืึธืจื– ื“ื™ ืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึธื•ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉ). ืื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืขืงืกื™ื˜ื™ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืึธ (ืœืึธื’ (ืขืŸ)) (ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืžื“ืจื’ื”). ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืื™ื– ืึทื– ื ืึธื•ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืกืึทืงืกืขืกืขืจื–.

ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื‘ + ื˜ืจื™, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ 40 ืื•ืŸ 100:

  • ืื™ืจ ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืงื•ืงืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ 40 (ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืงืœืึธื•ืกืึทืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื ืึธืš 40 ืื•ื™ื‘ 40 โ€‹โ€‹ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืขืงืกื™ืกื˜ื™ืจืŸ) ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ื‘ื•ื™ื.
  • ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ 40 ื™ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ ื™ื•ืจืฉ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืจ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ 100.

ื–ืืœ ืก ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืž ืกืึทืงืกืขืกืขืจื– ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื•ื™ื ื”ืื˜ N ื ืึธื•ื“ื–. ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ื ืึธื“ืข ืงืึธืก ืงืœืึธืฅ (N) ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ื‘ื•ื™ื. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึทืžืึธืœ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืึธื“ืข, ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ M ืกืึทืงืกืขืกืขืจื– ืื™ืŸ M ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืจืขืคืขืจืขื ืฆืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืกืึทืงืกืขืกืขืจื–. ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืš ืงืึธืก ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– M+ืœืึธื’(N) ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืฆื• ืขืŸ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ื‘ื•ื™ื. ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ืื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื•ื™ื (ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืž + ืงืœืึธืฅ (ืขืŸ) ื ืึธื•ื“ื–), ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ื˜ืœ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื“ื™ืกืง ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฅ. ืื•ื™ื‘ M ืื™ื– ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ (ืœืžืฉืœ 200 ืจืึธื•ื–) ืื•ืŸ N ืื™ื– ื’ืจื•ื™ืก (1 ืจืึธื•ื–), ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื—ื™ืœื•ืง.

ืื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื™ึท ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก ื“ืึธ (ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ!). ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื™ืกืžืขืงืŸ ืึท ืจื•ื“ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก (ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ื‘ + ื˜ืจื™ ืื™ื ื“ืขืงืก):

  • ืื™ืจ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืกื“ืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึธื•ื“ื– ื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ + ื˜ืจื™, ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึธื•ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ืกืึธืจื˜ื™ื“ ื‘ื•ื™ื.
  • ืื™ืจ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื•ื•ืขืœืก ืื™ืŸ ื‘ + ื˜ืจื™, ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื“ื™ ืึธ (ืœืึธื’ (ืขืŸ)) ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืขืงืกื™ื˜ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึธ (ืขืŸ).

ืื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ื‘ + ื˜ืจื™ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš-ืึธืจื“ืขืจื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืœืึทื ืกื˜. ืฆื•ืž ื’ืœื™ืง, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืžื™ื˜ ืงืœื•ื’ ื•ื™ืกืžืขืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื–: ื™ื ืกืขืจืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืœื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ + ื‘ื•ื™ื ืงืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืึธ (ืœืึธื’ (ืขืŸ)). ื“ืขืจืคึฟืึทืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืืฒึทืš ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืฆื• ืคื™ืœืข ื™ื ื“ืขืงืกื™ื– ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง. ื‘ืืžืช, ืื™ืจ ืกืœืึธื•ื™ื ื’ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืฉื ืขืœ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ / ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ / ื•ื™ืกืžืขืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืจื•ื“ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื˜ื™ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ื“ืขืงืกื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ึทืขืจ ืึธ (ืœืึธื’ (N)) ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื“ืขืงืก. ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ืึทื“ื™ื ื’ ื™ื ื“ืขืงืกื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืงืœืึธื•ื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ืขืจ (ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืกืงืจื™ื™ื‘ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ).

ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืขืจ ื“ืขื˜ืึทื™ืœืก, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคึผืขื“ื™ืข ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ B+ื‘ื•ื™ื. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ ืึท ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื™ื ื’ ื‘ + ื˜ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก, ืงื•ืง ื“ืขื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ะธ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึท ืœื™ื“ื™ื ื’ MySQL ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจ. ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืคืึธืงื•ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ื™ InnoDB (ื“ื™ MySQL ืžืึธื˜ืึธืจ) ื›ืึทื ื“ืึทืœื– ื™ื ื“ืขืงืกื™ื–.

ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’: ื ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืึทื– ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง-ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก, ื“ื™ B + ื‘ื•ื™ื ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื‘ืึทืœืึทื ืกื˜.

ื”ืึทืฉื˜ืึทื‘ืœืข

ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืฉ ื˜ื™ืฉ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก. ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ื”ืึทืฉ ื˜ื™ืฉ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืขืœืคึฟืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืึท ื”ืึทืฉ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ( ื”ืึทืฉ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ). ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ืฆื• ืงืจืึธื ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื™ื ืขืจืœืขืš ื˜ื™ื ื’ื– (ืœืžืฉืœ. ืฉืœืึธืก ื˜ื™ืฉ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืคืขืจ ื‘ืขืงืŸ, ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ืกืขืคึผืก ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ).

ื ื”ืึทืฉ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืื™ื– ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ. ืฆื• ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืึท ื”ืึทืฉ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืคื™ื ื™ืจืŸ:

  • ื“ืขืจ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช
  • ื”ืึทืฉ ืคึฟื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืŸ. ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื“ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ื”ืึทืฉืขืก ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ (ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืกืขื’ืžืึทื ืฅ ).
  • ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื™ื ื’ ืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืŸ. ืึทืžืึธืœ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืึธืคึผืฉื ื™ื˜, ืื™ืจ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึธืคึผืฉื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš.

ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ

ืœืืžื™ืจ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื ืงืœืืจืข ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคื™ืœ:

ื•ื•ื™ ืจื™ืœื™ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ื– ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ (ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1)

ื“ืขื ื”ืึทืฉ ื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ืื˜ 10 ืกืขื’ืžืึทื ืฅ. ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื•ื™ืœ, ืื™ืš ื ืึธืจ ืคึผื™ืงื˜ืฉืขืจื“ 5 ืกืขื’ืžืึทื ืฅ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืงืœื•ื’, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืœื“ ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข 5 ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืŸ. ืื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืึท ื”ืึทืฉ ืคึฟื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ืžืึธื“ื•ืœืึธ 10 ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ. ืื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ืš ืงืจืึธื ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฆื™ืคึฟืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืึธืคึผืฉื ื™ื˜:

  • ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฆื™ืคึฟืขืจ ืื™ื– 0, ื“ืขืจ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืคืืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืกืขื’ืžืขื ื˜ 0,
  • ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฆื™ืคึฟืขืจ ืื™ื– 1, ื“ืขืจ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืคืืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืกืขื’ืžืขื ื˜ 1,
  • ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฆื™ืคึฟืขืจ ืื™ื– 2, ื“ืขืจ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืคืืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ 2,
  • ...

ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืคึฟื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ืื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ืงื•ื•ืึทืœืึทื˜ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืึทื“ื–ืฉืขืจื–.

ื–ืืœ ืก ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ 78:

  • ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืฉ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืงืึทืœืงื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฅ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืฉ ืงืึธื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ 78, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– 8.
  • ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืฉ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึธืคึผืฉื ื™ื˜ 8, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืขืก ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ืื™ื– 78.
  • ื–ื™ ืงืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ืจ ื ื•ืžืขืจ 78
  • ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืงืึธืก ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– 2 ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– (ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืฆื• ืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืฉ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืฆื• ืงื•ืงืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืฉื ื™ื˜).

ืื™ืฆื˜ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืก ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ 59:

  • ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืฉ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืงืึทืœืงื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฅ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืฉ ืงืึธื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ 59, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– 9.
  • ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทืฉ ื˜ื™ืฉ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืกืขื’ืžืขื ื˜ 9, ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืื™ื– 99. ื–ื™ื ื˜ 99!=59, ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ 99 ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึท ื’ื™ืœื˜ื™ืง ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜.
  • ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืœืึธื’ื™ืง, ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ (9), ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื˜ (79), ..., ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข (29) ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ.
  • ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ.
  • ื“ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืงืึธืกื˜ 7 ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–.

ื’ื•ื˜ ื”ืึทืฉ ืคึฟื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข

ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ืขืŸ, ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื“ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืจ ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ!

ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืš ืื™ืฆื˜ ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืฉ ืคึฟื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ืžืึธื“ื•ืœืึธ 1 ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ (ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข 000 ื“ื™ื“ื–ืฉืึทืฅ), ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข ืœื•ืงืึทืคึผ ืงืึธืก ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– 000 ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข ื–ื™ื ื˜ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผืฉื ื™ื˜ 6. ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกืจื•ืคืŸ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ ื”ืึทืฉ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื‘ืึทืงืึทืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ.

ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ ื”ืึทืฉ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืจื™ื ื’. ืื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ ื”ืึทืฉ ืคึฟื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืื™ื–:

  • ืฉื˜ืจื™ืงืœ (ืœืžืฉืœ - ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื ืึธืžืขืŸ)
  • 2 ืฉื•ืจื•ืช (ืœืžืฉืœ - ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ)
  • 2 ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืข (ืœืžืฉืœ - ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื ืึธืžืขืŸ, ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ ื˜ืึธื’)
  • ...

ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ ื”ืึทืฉ ืคึฟื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข, ื”ืึทืฉ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืงืึทืคึผืก ืงืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืึธ (1).

ืžืขื ื’ืข ื•ื•ืก ื”ืึทืฉ ื˜ื™ืฉ

ืคืืจื•ื•ืืก ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืึท ืžืขื ื’ืข?

ื”ืžืž, ื’ื•ื˜ ืงืฉื™ื.

  • ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืฉ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืœืึธื•ื“ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื•ืขืŸ ืกืขื’ืžืึทื ืฅ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืกืง.
  • ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžืขื ื’ืข ืื™ืจ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื’ื™ื•ืึทืก ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืœืึธื•ื“ื™ื ื’ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื˜ื™ืฉ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจื“ื™ืง ืคึผืœืึทืฅ.
  • ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื”ืึทืฉ ื˜ื™ืฉ, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ (ืœืžืฉืœ, ืœืึทื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ 'ืก ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื ืึธืžืขืŸ).

ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืขืจ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–'ืื‘ืื”ืึทืฉืžืึทืคึผ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ืึทืฉ ื˜ื™ืฉ; ืื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ Java ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ืกืขืคึผืก ืงืึทื•ื•ืขืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ.

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’