ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ืคืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืฉ ืงืึทืจืก?

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ืื ื•ืืจ 11, 1914, ืึท ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขื ืจื™ ืคืืจื“ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ New York Times:

"ืื™ืš ื”ืึธืฃ ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื™ืึธืจ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืฉ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื ื™ื˜ ืœื™ื‘ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ืื›ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจ ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทื ื–. ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืื™ื– ืึทื– ื”ืขืจ ืขื“ื™ืกืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืง ื•ื•ืขื”ื™ืงืœืขืก. ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึทืŸ ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจื™ืžืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ืคึฟืจื™ื“ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืš ืฆื• ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’. ื“ื™ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกืจื•ืคืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืง ื•ื•ืขื”ื™ืงืœืขืก ื‘ื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืึท ืœื™ื™ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืจื™ื™ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืœืึทื ื’ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืึทื ืกืึทื– ืึธืŸ ืจื™ื˜ืฉืึทืจื“ื–ืฉื™ื ื’. ื”ืขืจ ืขื“ื™ืกืึธืŸ ื”ืื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžืึธืœ ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจื™ืžืขื ื˜ื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืจื™ื™ืข.

ืื‘ืขืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืœืฉ ...

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ืคืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืฉ ืงืึทืจืก?
Thomas Edison ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืขื˜ืจืึธื™ื˜ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืง

ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืื‘ืข ืื™ื– ืึท ืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืึทืœ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ "ืฉื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืก ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืึธื ื™ืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื’ืขื–ืขืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ื“ืึทืกื˜ืจื™ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’."

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ืคืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืฉ ืงืึทืจืก?

ื•ื•ื• ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจ r ืึทืคืขืงืฅ ื“ื™ ืงื•ืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื•ึผืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทืจืง ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ, ื–ื™ื ื˜ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืขืงืกืคึผืึธื ืขื ื˜ - ื“ื™ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืงืึธื•ืึทืคื™ืฉืึทื ื˜, ื“ื™ ืคืึทืกื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึท ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงืึทื ื’ืงืขืจ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืจืง, ื™.ืข. ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื™ืึธืจ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ื–ืึธืœ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืงืึทื ื•ื•ื™ื ื™ืึทื ืก. K ืงืึธื•ืึทืคื™ืฉืึทื ื˜ ื“ื™ืกืงืจื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื•ึผืงืก ืคึผืึธื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข, ื“.ื”. ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืง, ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื›ืึทืคึผืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืžืึทืจืง, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ืึธืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืงืึทื ื’ืงืขืจ ืึท ืžืึทืจืง ืึธืคึผืฉื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข.

ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืœืึธื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ืฉืึทืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื• ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืกื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืกืึทื–ืฉื™ืจ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืง ืคืึธืจืžื™ื˜ืœ ืื™ื ื“ื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืข:

  • "ื™ืึธืจ ื ื•ืœ" ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืกืึทื–ืฉื™ืจ ืงืึทืจืก ืคืืจืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืฉ ืžืึธื˜ืึธืจ (ืคึผ0=0,5, ื˜=0);
  • ืžืึทืจืง ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ื•ื•ื•ึผืงืก ืงื•ืจืก (r) ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืฉ ื•ื•ืขื”ื™ืงืœืขืก.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ, ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื–ืึธื’ืŸ:

  • ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืง ืงืึทืจืก ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื“ื™ืกืคึผืœื™ื™ืก ืงืึทืจืก ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื ืขืจืœืขืš ืงืึทืžื‘ืึทืกื˜ืฉืึทืŸ ืขื ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื– (ICE) ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืจืง (K=1), ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืื™ืš ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืขืŸ ืึท ืฉื˜ืจื™ืš ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืกืขื’ืžืขื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืกืึทื–ืฉื™ืจ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืžืึทืจืง.

    ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืจืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื”ื™ืงืœืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ื•ื™ืกืจื™ื›ื˜ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื™ืœื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืžืึธื“ืขืœ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึทืจืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืง ื•ื•ืขื”ื™ืงืœืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื“ื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืข.

  • ืžื™ืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ "ื ืขื’ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืฆื™ื™ื˜" (P(t) <0) ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึฟื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคืกืขื˜ ืจืขืœืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืฆื• ื“ื™ "ื ื•ืœ ื™ืึธืจ" ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ (t-t0).

ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคึผืึทืกืึทื–ืฉื™ืจ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืคืืจืงื•ื™ืคื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื•ืžื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ.

ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืง ืคืึธืจืžื™ื˜ืœ ืคืืจืงื•ื™ืคื•ื ื’ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ.

ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ 2012 ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืง ื•ื•ืขื”ื™ืงืœืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงื ืึทืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ.

ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜, ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ:

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ืคืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืฉ ืงืึทืจืก?

ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื™ืึธืจ ื ื•ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทืจืง ื•ื•ื•ึผืงืก ืงื•ืจืก

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import math

x = np.linspace(2012, 2019, 8)
y1 = np.array([60936407, 63429200, 65708230, 66314155, 69464432, 70694834, 68690468,  64341693]) # ะบะพะป-ะฒะพ ะฟั€ะพะธะทะฒะตะดะตะฝะฝั‹ั… ะปะตะณะบะพะฒั‹ั… ะผะฐัˆะธะฝ
y2 = np.array([52605, 97507, 320713, 550297, 777495, 1227117, 2018247,  1940147]) # ะบะพะป-ะฒะพ ะฟั€ะพะธะทะฒะตะดะตะฝะฝั‹ั… ะปะตะณะบะพะฒั‹ั… ัะปะตะบั‚ั€ะพะผะพะฑะธะปะตะน
y = y2/y1 #ะดะพะปั ัะปะตะบั‚ั€ะพะผะพะฑะธะปะตะน ะฒ ะพะฑั‰ะตะผ ะฟั€ะพะธะทะฒะพะดัั‚ะฒะต ะฐะฒั‚ะพะผะพะฑะธะปะตะน

ymax=1 #ะฟะตั€ะฒะพะฝะฐั‡ะฐะปัŒะฝะพะต ะผะฐะบัะธะผะฐะปัŒะฝะพะต ะพั‚ะบะปะพะฝะตะฝะธะต ัั‚ะฐั‚ะธัั‚ะธั‡ะตัะบะธั… ะดะฐะฝะฝั‹ั… ะพั‚ ะทะฝะฐั‡ะตะฝะธะน ั„ัƒะฝะบั†ะธะธ
Gmax=2025 #ะณะพะด ะดะปั ะฝะฐั‡ะฐะปะพ ะฟะพะธัะบะฐ "ะฝัƒะปะตะฒะพะณะพ ะณะพะดะฐ"
rmax=0.35 #ะฝะฐั‡ะฐะปัŒะฝั‹ะน ะบะพัั„ั„ะธั†ะธะตะฝั‚
k=1 #ะฟั€ะธะฝัั‚ "1" ะธะท ะฟั€ะตะดะฟะพัั‹ะปะบะธ, ั‡ั‚ะพ ัะปะตะบั‚ั€ะพะผะพะฑะธะปะธ ะฟะพะปะฝะพัั‚ัŒัŽ ะทะฐะผะตะฝัั‚ ะปะตะณะบะพะฒั‹ะต ะฐะฒั‚ะพะผะพะฑะธะปะธ ั ะ”ะ’ะก
p0=0.5 # ะฟั€ะพั†ะตะฝั‚ ั€ั‹ะฝะบะฐ ะฒ "ะฝัƒะปะตะฒะพะน ะณะพะด"
for j in range(10): # ั†ะธะบะป ะฟะตั€ะตะฑะพั€ะฐ "ะฝัƒะปะตะฒั‹ั… ะณะพะดะพะฒ"
    x0=2025+j
    r=0.35
    
    for i in range(10): # ั†ะธะบะป ะฟะตั€ะตะฑะพั€ะฐ ะบะพัั„ั„ะธั†ะธะตะฝั‚ะฐ ะฒ ะบะฐะถะดะพะผ "ะฝัƒะปะตะฒะพะผ ะณะพะดัƒ"
            r=0.25+0.02*i
            y4=k*p0*math.e**(r*(x-x0))/(k+p0*(math.e**(r*(x-x0))-1))-y 
           # print(str(x0).ljust(20), str(r).ljust(20), max(abs(y4))) 
            if max(abs(y4))<=ymax: # ะฟะพะธัะบ ะผะธะฝะธะผะฐะปัŒะฝะพะณะพ ะธะท ะผะฐะบัะธะผะฐะปัŒะฝั‹ั… ะพั‚ะบะปะพะฝะตะฝะธะน ะฒะฝัƒั‚ั€ะธ ะบะฐะถะดะพะณะพ ะณะพะดะฐ ะฟั€ะธ ะบะฐะถะดะพะผ ะบะพัั„ั„ะธั†ะธะตะฝั‚ะต r
                ymax=max(abs(y4))
                Gmax=x0
                rmax=r
print(str(Gmax).ljust(20), str(rmax).ljust(20), ymax) # ะฒั‹ะฒะพะด "ะฝัƒะปะตะฒะพะณะพ ะณะพะดะฐ", ะบะพัั„ั„ะธั†ะธะตะฝั‚ะฐ r ะธ ะผะฐะบัะธะผะฐะปัŒะฝะพะณะพ ะธะท ะพั‚ะบะปะพะฝะตะฝะธะน ะพั‚ ั„ัƒะฝะบั†ะธะธ

ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื, ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ:
ื™ืึธืจ ื ื•ืœ ืื™ื– 2028.
ื’ืจืึธื•ื˜ ืงืึธื•ืึทืคื™ืฉืึทื ื˜ - 0.37

ื“ื™ ืžืึทืงืกื™ืžื•ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึฟื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื™ื– 0.005255.

ื“ื™ ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ 2012 ืื•ืŸ 2019 ืงื•ืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืึธืก:

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ืคืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืฉ ืงืึทืจืก?

ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืกื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– 2050 ืงื•ืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืึธืก:

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ืคืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืฉ ืงืึทืจืก?

ื“ื™ ื˜ืฉืึทืจื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื˜ ืึท ืงืึทื˜ืึธืฃ ืคื•ืŸ 99% ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืžืึทืจืง, ื“"ื”. ืื™ืŸ 2040, ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืง ื•ื•ืขื”ื™ืงืœืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื™ึทื˜ืŸ ืงืึทืจืก ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื ืขืจืœืขืš ืงืึทืžื‘ืึทืกื˜ืฉืึทืŸ ืขื ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื–.

ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ื’ืจืึทืคื™ื ื’ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import math

x = np.linspace(2012, 2019, 8)
y1 = np.array([60936407, 63429200, 65708230, 66314155, 69464432, 70694834, 68690468,  64341693])
y2 = np.array([52605, 97507, 320713, 550297, 777495, 1227117, 2018247,  1940147])
y = y2/y1

k=1
p0=0.5

x0=2028   
r=0.37 
y1=k*p0*math.e**(r*(x-x0))/(k+p0*(math.e**(r*(x-x0))-1))
#ะกั‚ั€ะพะธะผ ะณั€ะฐั„ะธะบ ั„ัƒะฝะบั†ะธะธ ะฝะฐ ะพั‚ั€ะตะทะบะต ะผะตะถะดัƒ 2012 ะธ 2019 ะณะพะดะฐะผะธ
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(30, 20), facecolor="#f5f5f5")
plt.grid()
ax.plot(x, y, 'o', color='tab:brown') 
ax.plot(x, y1)
#ะกั‚ั€ะพะธะผ ะณั€ะฐั„ะธะบ ั„ัƒะฝะบั†ะธะธ ะฝะฐ ะพั‚ั€ะตะทะบะต ะผะตะถะดัƒ 2010 ะธ 2050 ะณะพะดะฐะผะธ
x = np.linspace(2010, 2050)
y2 = [k*p0*math.e**(r*(i-x0))/(k+p0*(math.e**(r*(i-x0))-1)) for i in x]
y3 = 0.99+0*x
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(30, 20), facecolor="#f5f5f5") 
ax.set_xlim([2010, 2050])
ax.set_ylim([0, 1])
plt.grid()             
plt.plot(x, y2, x, y3)

ืคื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื ื’ื–

ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืœืึธื’ื™ืง ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื“ื™ืกืงืจื™ื™ื‘ื“ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืจืก ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื ืขืจืœืขืš ืงืึทืžื‘ืึทืกื˜ืฉืึทืŸ ืขื ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื–, ืื™ืš ื’ืขืคืจื•ื•ื•ื˜ ืฆื• ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืกื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ื“ืึทืกื˜ืจื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืกืึทื–ืฉื™ืจ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืง ื•ื•ืขื”ื™ืงืœืขืก ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ.

ื“ื™ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ืŸ ืื– ื‘ื™ื– 2030 ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืืœื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืกืื–ืฉื™ืจืŸ ืื•ื™ื˜ืืก ืคืืจืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืฉืข ืžืื˜ืืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 2040 ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืคืืกืื–ืฉื™ืจืŸ ืื•ื™ื˜ืืก ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืขืจืœื™ื›ืข ืคืืจื‘ืจืขื ืขืŸ ืžืื˜ืืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื–ืืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื’ืื ื’ืขื ื”ื™ื™ื˜.

ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ื ืึธืš 2030, ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืคืึธืจ ื’ืึทื–ืึธืœื™ืŸ ืงืึทืจืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ 2030, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืึทื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืฉ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ.
ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื•ึผืงืก ืงื•ืจืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืง ื•ื•ืขื”ื™ืงืœืขืก ืื™ื– 4 ืžืืœ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื•ึผืงืก ืงื•ืจืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึทืจืก ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื ืขืจืœืขืš ืงืึทืžื‘ืึทืกื˜ืฉืึทืŸ ืขื ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื–, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืกืึทื’ื“ื–ืฉืขืกืฅ ืึทื– ื ื™ื™ึท ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื ืึทืœ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธื›ืขื“ื™ืง ืœืขื‘ืŸ (ื“ืึธ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ ืจื™ืจืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ืคืึธื ืขืก) .

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืงืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืกืึทืœื•ื•ื“ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขื“ื™ืกืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ืกืึธืœื•ื•ืข - ืึท ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืจืึทื›ื•ื•ืขืกื“ื™ืง ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืจื™ื™ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืฉืึทืจื“ื–ืฉื™ื ื’ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–.

ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืึท ื ืขืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืฉืึทืจื“ื–ืฉื™ื ื’ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืขืงื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืึทืœืขื ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื™ื’ื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ื ืขืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึทื– ืกื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื™ื’ื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืงืึทืœ ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืฉื˜ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ื›ื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–.

ืื•ื™ืš, ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื•ึผืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจืงื•ื™ืคื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืง ื•ื•ืขื”ื™ืงืœืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ Jevans' ืคึผืึทืจืึทื“ืึธืงืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื•ื™ืš ื›ืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ื™ื™ืœ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึทืœื™ื ื’ ืคืึธื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงื•ื™ืœืŸ.

ืคึผืก
ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขื“ื™ืกืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ืกืึธืœื•ื•ืข ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืึทืกื™ื™ื ื“ ืฆื• ืื™ื, ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ "ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ืœ" ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ...

ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ื ื™ืฆืขืจืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึธื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืœื™ืง. ืกื™ื™ืŸ ืืจื™ื™ืŸื‘ื™ื˜ืข.

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ืคืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืฉ ืงืึทืจืก?

  • ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืก%ืื™ืŸ 2030, ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืง ืงืึทืจืก, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื”ืึทืœื‘ 18

  • ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืก%ืื™ืŸ 2040, ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืง ืงืึทืจืก38

  • ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืก%ื ื™ื˜ ืคืจื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ 2050

  • ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืก%ืึทืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืฉ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื™ึทื˜ืŸ ืึท ื’ืึทื–ืึธืœื™ืŸ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ42

190 ื‘ืื ื•ืฆืขืจ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜. 37 ื‘ืื ื•ืฆืขืจ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืคื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ.

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’