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××× 1998, ×× ×©××××׊עך קך××€ÖŒ××Öž×ך×Ö·×£ ×× ××× ××××××©×¢× ××Ö·×שעך ××× ××¢×¢× ××€×¢×š× ××¢× ×§×©×× ×ַ׀עך××Ö·××××. עך ××¢××Ö·× ×¡×ך××××× ×Ö·× ×֞ך×ַק××¢ ××Ö·×€×Ö·×× ××××£ ×× ××××××× ××¢××××× × ×Š×××ך ש×××¡× ×§×š××€ÖŒ××֞ס×ס××¢× RSA, × ××Š× ×Ö· ס׀֌ע׊××€×ש ×Öž× ××Öž× ×¡××¢××¢. ××× ×¢×××¢××¢ RSA ×××€ÖŒ××Ö·××Ö·× ×¥, ×עך סעך××עך ך×ס׀֌×Ö·× ×× ××× ×€×ַךש×××¢× ×¢ ××¢×ת ×ַך××ק××¢× ×××€ÖŒ×¢× ××× × ××××£ ×Š× ×× ×€ÖŒ××Ö·×× ××¢×§×¡× ××××Ö·×× ×× ×¡××¢××¢ ×Öž×עך × ×ש×; ××֞ס ××× ××¢×××¢× ××¢× ×× ×Š× ××ך××€××š× ×× ××Ö·×€×Ö·××.
×€×ך ××ך ש׀֌ע×עך, ××× 2002, ×עך ׀ך×× ×Š××××ש קך××€ÖŒ××Öž×ך×Ö·×£ סעך××¢ ×××Ö·××× ××Ö· ××¢××Ö·× ×¡×ך××××× ×Ö·× ×֞ך×ַק×Ö·× ××Ö·×€×Ö·×× ×ÖŒ××¢× ××××¢× ×ק×Ö·× ×Š× ×× ××סקך×××× ××× ×× ×Ö·××ס ×¡×Š×¢× ×ַך ××××× - ×Ö·×××¥ ×Ö·× ×Ö·× ×©××Öž× ×€×× ×Ö· ×€×ק××ש×ַס ס×׀עך, עך ׊ע×ך××× ×Ö· ××Ö·× ×¥ ךעס׀֌עק××Ö·××Ö·× ×§××ַס ×€×× ××Öž××¢×š× ×¡×׀עךס ×××֞ס ××¢× ××©× ××¢× ×¢× ×€×ק××ש ××¢× ×׊×. ס׀֌ע׊××¢×, Vaudenay ס ××Ö·×€×Ö·×× ××ַך××Ö·×¥ ×€×ַך׀עס×××§× ×ַך××Ö·× ×©×š××Ö·× ×ך××ס ס×׀עךס ("×××֞ק ס×׀עךס") ×××¢× ××× ××¢× ×¢× ××¢× ××Š× ××× ×× ×Ö·××× ×עך××€×¢× ×¢ "CBC ×¢× ×§×š×׀֌ש×Ö·× ××Öž××¢" ××× ××× ×Ö· ×××עך ×€×Öž×קס ×××Ö·×× ×¡××¢××¢, ×××ס×ק×× ×¢×§××××××Ö·××¢× × ×Š× ×עך ××× ×× ×Ö·××ס ×¡×Š×¢× ×ַך.
×××× ××× 2002, ××עך×ק×× ×¢×š קך××€ÖŒ××Öž×ך×Ö·×£ ×××× × ×§×¢××¡× - ק×Öž-×××ך
×× ×עך ××ך ׊×ש××¢×× ×Ö· ×עך ××××××× ××ַשך××Ö·××× × ×€×× ×× Vaudenay ××× Kelsey ×× ×€××× (××ך ×××¢×× ××¢×× ×Ö· ×עך ××××××× ××ַשך××Ö·××× × ×€×× ×× Bleichenbacher ××Ö·×€×Ö·×× ×××¢× ××ך ××Ö·× ××××£ ×Š× ×× ×€××× ××××£ ׊×××ך ש×××¡× ×§×š××€ÖŒ××Öž×ך×Ö·×€×). ×ך×Öž×¥ ××× ××עך ×עס×עך ×שת×××ת, ×עך ××¢×§×¡× ×××¢×š× ×¢×€ÖŒ×¢×¡ ××¢×× ×ש; ×Ö·××× ×××× ×× ××××× ××× ××¢× ×× ×€Ö¿×ַך ××ך, ××Öž×€ÖŒ×§×¢× ×× ××××Ö·×עך ׊×××× ×¡×¢×§×©×Ö·× ×.
×××Öž××¢× ×¢ ס ××Ö·×€×Ö·××
×Š× ×€Ö¿×ַךש×××× ×× Vaudenay ××Ö·×€×Ö·××, ××ך עךש×עך ××Ö·×š×€Ö¿× ×Š× ×š×¢×× ×Ö· ×××¡× ×עך ×××¢×× ×××֞ק ס×׀עךס ××× ×¢× ×§×š×׀֌ש×Ö·× ××Öž×עס. × "×××֞ק ס×׀עך" ×××, ××× ×עך××× ×, ×Ö· ס××׀עך ×××֞ס × ×¢×× ×Ö· ש×××¡× ××× ×Ö· ×ַך××Ö·× ×©×š××Ö·× ×€×× ×Ö· ×××עך ×€×ַך׀עס×××§× ××¢× × ("×××֞ק ××¢× ×") ××× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž××׊××š× ×Ö· ×× ×§×š××€ÖŒ××× ×××֞ק ×€×× ×עך ××¢×××קעך ××¢× ×. ×××֞ק ס×׀עךס ××¢× ×¢× ××××××× ××¢× ××Š× ××× ××¢××××× ××¢×€××¢×š×¢× ×××עך. ×× ×××Š× ××ס××¢××× × DES, ××¢××××× ×עך עךש×עך ××Öž××¢×š× ×¡×׀עך, ××× ××¢×××¢× ×Ö· ×××֞ק ס×׀עך. ××× ×עך××× × ×××××, ×× ××¢×××¢ ××× ××ת ×€Ö¿×ַך AES, ×××֞ס ××× ××××××× ××¢× ××Š× ×××Ö·× ×.
׊×× ××Ö·×××עך×, ×××֞ק ס×׀עךס ××Öž×× ×××× ××עך×× × ×©×××Ö·×ק××Ö·×. ×× ×××€ÖŒ×ש ×××֞ק ×ך××ס ××× 128 ×××¥, ×Öž×עך 16 ××ת××ת. ××Öž×, ××Öž××¢×š× ×§×š××€ÖŒ××Öž×ך×Ö·×€× ×š×ק×××××¢×š× ×ך××¢×× ××× ×ךעסעךע ×ַך××Ö·× ×©×š××Ö·× ××Ö·××, ××× ××֞ס ××× ××× ×¢× ×§×š×׀֌ש×Ö·× ××Öž×עס ק×××¢× ××× ×©×€ÖŒ××. ×¢× ×§×š×׀֌ש×Ö·× ××Öž××¢ ××× ××¡×¢× ×©×Ö·×× ×Ö· ××ַק: עס ××× ×Ö· ×××¢× ×Š× ×¢×€×¢×¡ ׊×××××× ×Ö· ×××֞ק ס××׀עך ×××֞ס ××××× ×ַקסע׀֌ץ ×ַך××Ö·× ×©×š××Ö·× ×€×× ×Ö· ×××עך ×ך××ס ×Š× ×ַך××Ö·× ×©×š××Ö·× ×€×× ×Ö· ×ַך×××ך×ַך×ש ××¢× ×.
Vodene ס ××Ö·×€×Ö·×× ××× ×€×Öž×ק××¡× ××××£ ×× ×€×Öž×קס CBC (Cipher Block Chaining) ××Öž××¢ ×€×× ââ×֞׀֌עך×ַ׊××¢. ×× ××Ö·×€×Ö·×× ××××× ××× ×× ×Ö·× ×עך××××× × ×××֞ק ס×׀עך ××× ×Ö· ××Ö·××ש×ק×Ö·×, ××׀֌ךע×× ×Ö·××Ö·× ×©×××ַךץ קעס×× ××× ××֞ך ××××€ÖŒ×ַס×× ×××Ö·× ×××עך××××.
××Öž ××× ×Ö· ×××Ö·×ך×Ö·××¢ ×××֞ס ×××××× ××× CBC ××Öž××¢ ×ַך××¢×:
×× ×¡×¢×š×§×Ö·×× ×€ÖŒ××ס ס××× ×Ö·×€××× ×× XOR (××סש××ס×ק OR) ×֞׀֌עך×ַ׊××¢. ×€Ö¿×ַך ×××ַש׀֌××, ×× ×š××¢ ×××֞ק ×€×× ×¡×׀עך××¢×§×¡× ××× ××ק×××¢×:
- ×××š× ××ך××€××š× ×Ö·× XOR ×֞׀֌עך×ַ׊××¢ ××××£ ×× ×š××¢ ק××֞ך ××¢×§×¡× ×××֞ק ××× ×עך עךש×עך ס×׀עך××¢×§×¡× ×××֞ק.
- ×¢× ×§×š××€ÖŒ××× × ×× ×š×××Ö·×××× × ×××֞ק ××× ×Ö· ×××֞ק ס××׀עך × ××Š× ×Ö· ש××ס×.
××× × CBC ×××× ×Ö·××Ö· ש××עך × ××Š× ×€×× ×× ×××× ×¢×š× XOR ×֞׀֌עך×ַ׊××¢, ××Öž×× ××× ×× × ×¢××¢× ×Ö· ××Öž××¢× × ×Š× ×Š×ך×קך××€× ×¢×××¢××¢ ×€×× ââââ×××Ö·× ×€ÖŒ×š×֞׀֌עך××עס:
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- ק×Öž×××××Ö·×××××××:
- ×ַסס×֞ס××Ö·×××××××:
- ×××-ך×××עךס×Ö·××××××:
- ××××¢ ×ך××ס: ×××× n ×€×× = (××××¢ n ×€×× ) (××××¢ n ×€×× )
×××€ÖŒ×ק×Ö·×××, ×× ×€ÖŒ×š×֞׀֌עך××עס ×××€ÖŒ×××× ×Ö·× ×××× ××ך ××Öž×× ×Ö· ×ק×××××ש×Ö·× ××× XOR ×ַ׀֌עך××ש×Ö·× × ××× ×××× ×¢×š ×××××ַק×Ö·× ×, עס ×§×¢× ×¢× ×××× ×¡×Ö·××××. ×€Ö¿×ַך ×××ַש׀֌××, ×××× ××ך ××××¡× ×Ö·× ××× ×× ×××××ַק×Ö·× × ××× ××ַך××× Ðž , ××¢××Öž×× ××ך ×§×¢× ×¢× ×€×ַך××Öž×× ××××£ ×× ×Ö·×€×֞ך××¢× ×©×Ö·× × ×€ÖŒ×š×֞׀֌עך××עס ××××× ×Š× ×¡×Öž××××¢ ×× ×ק×××××ש×Ö·× ×€Ö¿×ַך . ×××š× ×Ö·×€ÖŒ××××× × XOR ××××£ ×××××¢ ××××× ×€×× ×× ×ק×××××ש×Ö·× ××× , ××ך ××ַק×××¢× . ××֞ס ×Ö·××¥ ×××¢× ×××× ×××עך ××Ö·×××Ö·××ק ××× ×Ö· ××Öž××¢× ×.
עס ××¢× ×¢× ×Š×××× ××× ×¢×š××עך××ק ××׀עך×Ö·× ×¡×× ××× ×××× ××××€ÖŒ× ××××ק ׊××××©× ××× ××עך ×Ö·××ס ×¡×Š×¢× ×ַך ××× Vaudenay ס ××Ö·×€×Ö·××. ׊×××× ×§×××× ×¢:
- ××× ××¢× ×©×š××€×, ×Ö·××ס ×עך×××Ö·×š× ×§××֞ך ×עקס×× ×Š× ×¢× ×××§× ××× ×× ××ת××ת
a
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××× ×××× ×××××עך. ××× ×× ×××Öž××¢× ×¢ ××Ö·×€×Ö·××, ×× ×§×֞ך×× ×Ö·× ×©××Öž× ×קס׀֌עקץ ×Ö·× ×× ×€ÖŒ××Ö·×× ×עקסץ ×××¢× ×¡××£ N ××× ××× ×× N ×××× (××֞ס ×××, ×עקס×Ö·×עס×××Ö·× 01 ×Öž×עך 02 02, ×Öž×עך 03 03 03, ××× ×Ö·××× ××××£). ××֞ס ××× ××××× ×Ö· ק×֞ס××¢××ק ××××ק. - ××× ×× ×Ö·××ס ×¡×Š×¢× ×ַך, עס ××× ×ך×× × ×Š× ××Öž×× ×Š× ×Ö·××ס ××× ×× ××¢× ×××¢× ××¢× ×Öž× ××Öž× ×××š× ×× ×¢× ×׀עך "×€×Ö·×ש ××֞ק ×עקס×." ××× ×××Öž××¢× ×¢ ס ××Ö·×€×Ö·××, ×עך ×Ö·× ×Ö·××ס×ס ××× ×€×ך××× ×× ××× ××¢× ×× ×××€ÖŒ××Ö·××¢× ×××ש×Ö·× ××××£ ×× ×§×֞ך×× ×¡ ×××Ö·× ××× ××××××ק; ××עך ׊×××× ×§×ך׊ק×××, ××××ך עס × ×¢××¢× ×€×ך × ××¢×××ס, ×× ×× ××××קע ×× ×××× ××× × ×× ××¢××××.
××××€ÖŒ× ××××ק:
- ××× × ××ך ××¢× ×¢× × ××©× × ××Š× ×× ××¢×××¢ קך××€ÖŒ××֞ס×ס××¢×, ×× ×©××××ת ׊××××©× ×× ×Ö·××ַקעך-ק×Ö·× ×ך×Öž××× ×¡×׀עך××¢×§×¡× ×××עס ××× ×× ×¡×קך××¥ (ש×××¡× ××× ×§××֞ך ×עקס×) ×××¢× ××Öž× ×××× ×Ö·× ×עךש. ×עך××עך, ×עך ×Ö·××ַקעך ×××¢× ××Öž×× ×Š× × ××Š× ×Ö· ×Ö·× ×עךש ס×ך×Ö·××¢×××¢ ×××¢× ×§×š×××××× × ×¡××׀עך ×עקס×× ××× ×× ×עך׀֌ך×××× × ×¡×¢×š××עך ךעס׀֌×Öž× ×¡×¢×¡.
×עך ××××€ÖŒ× ××××ק ××× ×× ××¢×Š× ×©××ק ×€×× ×× ×š×¢××¢× ×ש ×Š× ×€Ö¿×ַךש×××× ×× Vaudenay ××Ö·×€×Ö·××, ×Ö·××× ××Öž×× ××× ×× × ×¢××¢× ×Ö· ××Öž××¢× × ×Š× ×ך×Ö·××× ×××¢×× ×××֞ס ××× ××× ×Ö· ×֞ך×ַק××¢ ××Ö·×€×Ö·×× ××××£ CBC ×§×¢× ×¢× ×××× ××Öž×× ××¢× ××× ×עך עךש×עך ×֞ך×.
ךע×× ××ך ××ַק×××¢× ×Ö· CBC ס×׀עך××¢×§×¡× ×€×× 247 ×××ַקס, ××× ××ך ×××¢×× ×Š× ×עקך××€ÖŒ× ×¢×¡. ××ך ×§×¢× ×¢× ×©××§× ×©×××× ×× ×ַך××ק××¢× ×Š× ×× ×¡×¢×š××עך, ×€ÖŒ×× ×§× ××× ××ך ×§×¢× ×©××§× ×©×××× ×× ×ַך××ק××¢× ×Š× ×Ö·××ס ׀ך×עך. ×עך סעך××עך ×××¢× ×עקך××€ÖŒ× ×× ×ַך××ק××¢× ×€Ö¿×ַך ××× ××, ×Öž×עך ×××¢× × ××©× ××××Ö·×× ×× ×עקך××€ÖŒ×××Öž× - ×Ö·× ×©××Öž×, ××××עך, ××× ××× ×Ö·××ס, ×עך סעך××עך ×××¢× ××ַך××× ××××× ×××× ×××¡× ×€×× ××× ×€Ö¿×֞ך××ַ׊××¢: ×Š× ×× ×€ÖŒ××Ö·×× ××¢×§×¡× ××× ×××××ק ×××Ö·×× ×Öž×עך × ×ש×.
××Ö·×ך×Ö·××× ×Ö·× ××× ×Ö·××ס ס ×¡×Š×¢× ×ַך ××ך ××Öž×× ×× ×€××××¢× ××¢ ××׊××× ××¢×:
$$display$$text{SIMPLE_SUBSTITUTION}(×עקס×{ס×׀עך×עקס×},×עקס×{ש××ס×}) = ×עקס×{×€ÖŒ××Ö·×× ×עקס×}$$display$$
××× ×¡ ך××€× ××¢× "×Ö·××ס ס ×ק×××××ש×Ö·×." ××ך ×××× ×§×× ×ך××××š× ××¢× ×Š×׀עך×עקס×; ×עך סעך××עך (×Ö·××ס) ×××§× ××××× ××× ×€Ö¿×֞ך××ַ׊××¢ ×××¢×× ×× ××ק×××¢× ×§××֞ך ×עקס×; ××× ××֞ס ××Öž× ××× ×× ×עך××××× ×Š× ×ַך××ס׀××š× ××× ×€Ö¿×֞ך××ַ׊××¢ ×××¢×× ××¢× ×ע׊×× ×€×ַק××֞ך - ××¢× ×©××ס×. ×××š× ×Ö·× ×Ö·××Ö·××ש×, ×××× ××ך ×§×¢× ×¢× ××¢×€Ö¿×× ×¢× ×Ö·××Ö· ×Ö· קשך ×€Ö¿×ַך ×× CBC שך××€×, ××ך ×§×¢× ×××× ×××××ת ×Š× ×¢×§×¡×ך×Ö·×§× ×¢×××¢××¢ ס×× ××× ×€Ö¿×֞ך××ַ׊××¢ ××Öž×š× ××××.
׊×× ×××ק, עס ××¢× ×¢× ××ַקע ש××××ת ×××֞ס ××ך ×§×¢× ×¢× × ×׊×. ××Ö·×ך×Ö·××× ×× ×š×¢×××××Ö·× ×€×× ×× ××¢×Š× ×š××€× ×Š× ×עקך××€ÖŒ× ×Ö· ×××֞ק ס×׀עך ××× ×Öž× ××××Ö·×× ××¢× ×š×¢×××××Ö·× ××× . ××ך ×××× ×עך××Öž× ×¢× ×××ַקס ×€×× ×§××֞ך ××¢×§×¡× ××× ×¡×׀עך××¢×§×¡× ×××ַקס . ק×ק ××××עך ××××£ ×× CBC ×××Ö·×ך×Ö·××¢ ××× ××Ö·××¢×š×§× ×××֞ס ××Ö·×€ÖŒ×Ö·× ×:
××Öž××ך ך××€× ××¢× ×× "CBC ×ק×××××ש×Ö·×."
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××ך ×××× ×× ×עךש×ך××Ö·×× ×Ö·× ×××× ××Öž× ××× × ××Š× ×Ö· ×× ×§×š××€ÖŒ××× ×§×©×š, ×Ö·××¢ ×× ×€ÖŒ×š×Ö·×עקש×Ö·× × ××¢× ×¢× ××× ×× ×××ַס. ×Ö· ×Ö·××ַקעך ×§×¢× ×¢× ×€×©×× ××××¢× ×¢× ××Öž× ×¡ ×€×ַךקעך ××× ×Š×ך×קקך××× Google ס סעס××¢ ק×××. ××× ××¢× ×§×××, עך ×××¢× ×€×©×× ×¢×€Ö¿×¢× ×¢× ×Ö· × ××Ö·×¢ Google ק××××× ×Öž× ×€×ַך××Öž×× ×××× ×××××¢× ×¢ ×××¢×עךעך ××× ××׀֌עךס×Ö·× ××× ××Öž× ×Öž× ××š×¢×€× ×€ÖŒ×¢×¡×§× ××¢×××קעך ×֞ך×××× ×€ÖŒ×Ö·××ַס××. ×Öž×עך, ××××עך ×€Ö¿×ַך ×Ö· ×עך××עך, ××֞ס ××× ×©××× ××××× ×קעך ××× ××××× ×קעך ׀֌ך×֞ס×. ×עך ××× ××¢×š× ×¢×¥ ××ס ××× ×Š× ××× ×©××× ××× × ×עךק××¢×š× ××××× ×§×¢×× ××××¢× ×§×š××€××ך××¢ ×€×ך××× ××× ××¢×, ××× ×××'ס ×ך××ס××ס ×ך××€×ק ××× ×××ךש××× ××× ×¢× ×§×š××€ÖŒ××ך×, ×Š× ×¢×š ××× ×¢×¡ ××× ××עך × ×ש×. ××× ×עך׊×, ×€×× ×× ×Öž× ×××× ×€×× ×× ×××€ÖŒ××Ö·××¢× ×××ש×Ö·× ×€×× ×× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž××֞ק×Öž×, ×€×ַךקעך ××× ××¢×××¢× ×××× ××Öž× ××× ×××× ×עשך×××€ÖŒ× ××××עך ×¢× ×§×š×׀֌ש×Ö·×; ××֞ס ××× ××¢×××¢× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž×¡× ×€×ך ×Š× ×š×¢××׊××š× ×××××Ö·× ×¡×.
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×€×ךש××× × ×€×× ×× ××¢×֞ך××¢, ×× ×××ך×× ×€×× CRIME ××ש××€× ×Ö· ××××ךע ×××֞ס ×§×¢× ×¢× ××Ö·× ×××¢× ×¢× ×¡×¢×¡××¢ ק××××¢× ×€Ö¿×ַך ×Ö· ×ך××× ×§××× ×€×× ××××××¢×, ×ַך××Ö·× ×עךע×× × Gmail, Twitter, Dropbox ××× Github. ×× ×××Ö·×× ×¢×š×Ö·×××××× ×ַ׀׀עק××¢× ×š××Ö¿ ××Öž××¢×š× ×××¢× ×ך×Ö·××עך×, ך×××Ö·×××× × ××× ×€ÖŒ×Ö·×ש×Ö·× ××¢× ×¢× ××׀ך××× ×××֞ס ××ש××קע ××Ö·×ך×Öž×× ×× ×§×Ö·×׀֌ךעש×Ö·× ×©×ך×× ××× SSL ×Ö·××× ×Ö·× ×¢×¡ ×××Öž×× × ××©× ×××× ××¢××××× × ××× ×Ö·××¢. ×עך ××××× ×××× ×¢×š ׀֌ך×Öž×עק××¢× ×€×× ×× ×××Ö·×× ×¢×š×Ö·×××××× ××× ××¢×××¢× ×עך עךע××××ק Internet Explorer, ×××֞ס ק××× ××Öž× ××¢××××× × ×¡×¡× ×§×Ö·×׀֌ךעש×Ö·×.
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עס ×××š× ×¡ ×××ס ×Ö·× ×שעת ×× ×¡×¢×š××עךס ××××€× ×× ×××Ö·× ×§ × ××Ö· TLSv1.2, ×€×××¢ ××Öž×× ××× ×§×¡ ש×××Š× ×€Ö¿×ַך ×× ××¢××Ö·× SSLv3 ×€Ö¿×ַך ׊×ך×ק ק×Ö·××€ÖŒ×Ö·××Ö·××××Ö·×× ××× Internet Explorer 6. ××ך ××Öž×× ×©××× ×עךע×× ×××¢×× ××Ö·×× ×ך××× ×× ×€×××, ×Ö·××× ××ך ×§×¢× ×¢× ×××Ö·××ש×Ö·× ×××֞ס ××× ××¢×©×¢×¢× ×ש. × ××¢××× ×-×֞ךקעס×ך×Ö·××¢× ×¡×Ö·××Öž××Ö·×ש ×€×× ×× ××Ö·× ×ש××ק ׀֌ך×Öž××֞ק×Öž× ××× ×× ×¡×¢×š××עךס ××¢× ×¢× ×ך××× ×Š× ×Š×ך×קק×××¢× ×Š× ×× ××× ×Ö·×× SSLv3, ××¡×¢× ×©×Ö·×× ××€××Ö·×× ×× ×ע׊××¢ 15 ××֞ך ×€×× ×××עך×××× ×€×֞ךש×× ×.
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Transport Layer Security (TLS) ××× ×× ××¢×š×¡× ××××××ק ×××עך×××× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž××֞ק×Öž× ××××£ ×עך ××× ××¢×š× ×¢×¥. [..] ×ÖŒ××¢× ××¢×עך ×ך×Ö·× ×¡×ַק×××Öž× ××ך ××Ö·×× ××××£ ×× ××× ××¢×š× ×¢× ××¢×€ÖŒ×¢× ×ס ××××£ TLS. [..] ×Öž×עך TLS ××× × ××©× ×©××¢× ××ק ××¢×××¢× TLS. ×עך ׀֌ך×Öž××֞ק×Öž× ××Öž× ×Öž× ××¢××××× ××²Ö·× ××¢×× ×××
× ×¢×סק×ַ׀֌ע ק×Öž××× ×ק×ַ׊××¢ ×עך××€Ö¿× "Secure Sockets Layer" ×Öž×עך SSL. ק××Ö·× × ××× ×¢×¡ ×Ö·× ×עך עךש×עך ××עךס××¢ ×€×× ââââSSL ××× ××¢×××¢× ×Ö·××× ×©×š×¢×§××¢× ×Ö·× ×× ××¢×××¢××֞׀֌עךס ××¢××××× ×Ö·××¢ ×× ×€ÖŒ×š×× ××Ö·××¥ ×€×× ×× ×§×Öž× ××× ××Ö·×ך×Öž×× ××× ××× ×Ö· ס×× ××Ö·× ××€×× ××× × ×× ×עקס×ק×. ××× ×Ö· ק×Ö·× ×¡×ַק×××Ö·× ×¡, ×עך עךש×עך ×¢×€× ×××¢× ×× ×××Š× ××עךס××¢ ×€×× ââââ×¡×¡× ××× ×€×ק××ש××עךס××¢ SSL 2 . עס ××× ×©××× ×¡×§×¢×š×, ××× [..] עס ××× ××¢×××¢× ×Ö· ׀֌ך×Öž×××§× ×€×× ×× ×××× 90 ס, ×××֞ס ××Öž××¢×š× ×§×š××€ÖŒ××Öž×ך×Ö·×€×¢×š× ××Ö·×ך×Ö·××× ××× "×€×× ×Š×עך ׊×××× ×€×× ×§×š××€ÖŒ××Öž×ך×Ö·×€× " ×€×××¢ ×€×× ââ×× ××¢×š×¡× ××××ַס קך××€ÖŒ××Öž×ך×Ö·×€×ק ×× ×€××× ×××֞ס ××ך ××××¡× ×××¢×× ×××Ö·× × ××¢× ×¢× × ××©× × ×Öž× ××סק×Ö·××עך×. ××× ×Ö· ךע×××××Ö·×, ×× ××¢×××¢××֞׀֌עךס ×€×× ×× SSLv2 ׀֌ך×Öž××֞ק×Öž× ××¢× ×¢× ×××ס×ק×× ××× ×§×¡ ×Š× ×€×Ö·×××Ö·× ×××עך ×××¢× ××× ×עך ×€×× ×Š×עך, ××× ××× ×€××ס××××š× ×€×× ×©×š×¢×§××¢× ××Öž× ×¡×עךס - ×Š× ×××עך ׊עך ××× ××× ××עך × ××¥, ××× × ×× ×× ×€××× ××××£ SSLv2 ××× ×§×¡ ×× ×××Ö·×××Ö·××Ö·× ×עק׊×עס ×€Ö¿×ַך ×עך ××××Ö·×עך ××ך ×€×× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž××֞ק×Öž×ס.
× ×Öž× ×× ××¢×©×¢×¢× ×ש×, ××× 1996, ×Ö· ׀ך×ַס×ך××××Ö·× Netscape ך××××××× × ×× SSL ׀֌ך×Öž××֞ק×Öž× ×€Ö¿×× ×§×š×ַ׊×. ×עך ךע×××××Ö·× ××× ××¢×××¢× SSL ××עךס××¢ 3, ×××֞ס
׊×× ×××ק ×€Ö¿×ַך ×עך××עך×, "×Ö· ××ס×" ××× × ××©× ×××× ×¢× "×Ö·××¢." ק××××¢×××ק, SSLv3 ׊××עש××¢×× ×Ö·××¢ ×× × ××××ק ×× ×× ×××ַקס ×Š× ×§×Ö·×עך ×Ö· ×××Öž××¢× ×¢ ××Ö·×€×Ö·××. ×עך ׀֌ך×Öž××֞ק×Öž× ××¢× ××Š× ×Ö· CBC ××Öž××¢ ×××֞ק ס××׀עך ××× ×Ö· ×× ×¡×ַק×עך ×××Ö·×× ×¡××¢××¢ (××֞ס ××× ×§×¢×š×¢×§××Ö·× ××× TLS; ×עך××עך ×× × ××× ×€Ö¿×ַך ×Ö· ××Ö·×× ×ך××× ××Ö·×€×Ö·××). ×××× ××ך ××¢××¢× ×§×¢× ×× ×××Ö·×× ×¡××¢××¢ ××× ××× ××עך ×֞ך×××× ×¢× ××ַשך××Ö·××× × ×€×× ×× Vaudenay ××Ö·×€×Ö·××, ×× SSLv3 ס××¢××¢ ××× ×××עך ×¢× ××¢×.
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