ืืืื ะธ ืืื 2019, 4,6 ืืืืืึธื ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ ืคืื ืงืืืึทืืึทืคืืื ืขืืขืงืืจืึธื ืืฉ ืกืืื ืึทืืฉืขืจื (CES) ืืืขื ืืืื ืืจืืืก ืืื ืจืืกืืึทื ื, ืืืึธืก ืืจืขืคื ืื ืืืืขืจืคืขื ืืฉื ืคืื 63-FZ. ืขืก ืืืจื ืก ืืืืก ืึทื ืคืื 8 ืืืืืึธื ืจืขืืืกืืจืืจื ืืืื ืึทื ืืจืึทืคึผืจืึทื ืขืจื ืืื ืืืง, ืืขืืขืจ ืจืืข ืึทื ืืจืึทืคึผืจืึทื ืขืจ ื ืืฆื ืึทื ืขืืขืงืืจืึธื ืืฉ ืืกืืืข. ืืื ืึทืืืฉืึทื ืฆื EGAIS CEPs ืืื ืืืึธืืงื-ืืืืืจื CEPs ืคึฟืึทืจ ืจืืคึผืึธืจืืื ื ืืจืืืก ืืืจื ืืึทื ืงืก ืืื ืึทืงืึทืื ืืื ื ืืึทืืื ืื ืืก, ืื ืืืืขืจืกืึทื CEPs ืืืืฃ ืืืืขืจ ืืึธืงืขื ืก ืืขื ืขื ืคืื ืืึทืืื ืืขืจ ืืื ืืขืจืขืก. ืึทืืึท ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ ืืึธืื ืืืจ ืงืืึธืฅ ืืื ืฆื ืจืขืืืจืื ื ืคึผืึธืจืืึทืืก โโืืื ืฆืืืื ืงืืื ืืึธืงืืืขื ืื, ืืืึธืก ืืึทืื ืืื ืืืืึทืื ืืึทืืืึทืืืง.
ืืึทื ืง ืฆื ืื CEP ืืึทืืืืึทืื ืืืืฃ ืึท ืืกื ืกืืืขื, ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืจืืืึธืืืื ืคืึทืจืขื ืืืงื ืึท ืืขืกืงืขื ืืื ืึท ืงืึทืื ืืขืจืคึผืึทืจืื ืึธืืขืจ ืืืืึทื ืึธื ืืขืฉืืขืืืขืจ ืืื ืฉืืงื ืืึธืงืืืขื ืื ืฆื ืื ืคึผืืึทืฅ; ืคืึทืจืฉืจืืึทืื ืึทื ืึธื ืืืื ืืขืื ืจืขืืืกืืจืืจื, ืคืึทืจืขื ืืคืขืจื ืฉืืืืขืจ ืืขืฅ ืืื ืคืึธืจืืืืื ืึท ืืขืงืืึทืจืึทืฆืืข ืืื ืืืื ืคืขืจืืขื ืืขืืข ืืฉืืื ืืืืฃ nalog.ru; ืืขืคึฟืื ืขื ืืื ืืืขืื ืืขืฅ ืืื ืึทืคึผืงืึทืืื ื ืื ืกืคึผืขืงืฉืึทื ื ืืื ืฉืืึทื ืืึทืืื ืื ืืก.
ืื ืืึทื ืืึทื ืืื ืื ืืืขื ืืขืืคื ืึทืจืืขื ืืื CEP ืืื ืืขืจ macOS - ืึธื ืืขืจื ืขื ืื CryptoPro ืืจืืคึผืขืก ืืื ืื ืกืืึทืืืจื ืึท ืืืืจืืืึทื ืืึทืฉืื ืืื Windows.
ืฆืืคืจืืื
ืืืึธืก ืืืจ ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืฆื ืึทืจืืขืื ืืื CEP ืืื ืืขืจ macOS:
ืื ืกืืึทืืืจื ืืื ืงืึทื ืคืืืืขืจ CEP ืคึฟืึทืจ macOS
- ืื ืกืืึธืืื ื CryptoPro CSP
- ืื ืกืืึธืืื ื Rutoken ืืจืืืืขืจืก
- ืื ืกืืึธืืื ื ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ
3.1. ืืืจ ืืืกืืขืงื ืึทืืข ืึทืื GOST ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ
3.2. ืื ืกืืึธืืื ื ืืืึธืจืฆื ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ
3.3. ืืจืืคืงืืคืืข ืกืขืจืืึทืคืึทืงืืืฉืึทื ืืืืืึธืจืืืขื ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ
3.4. ืื ืกืืึธืืื ื ืึท ืืึทืืืืึทืื ืืื Rutoken - ืื ืกืืึทืืืจื ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆืืขื ืืืขืืขืจืขืจ Chromium-GOST
- ืื ืกืืึธืืื ื ืืืขืืขืจืขืจ ืืงืกืืขื ืฉืึทื ื
5.1 CryptoPro EDS ืืจืึทืืืขืจ ืคึผืืื-ืืื
5.2. ืคึผืืืืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึผืืืืืง ืืึทืืื ืื ืืก
5.3. ืืึทืฉืืขืืืงื ืึท ืคึผืืืืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฉืืึทื ืืึทืืื ืื ืืก
5.4. ืึทืงืืึทืืืืืืื ื ืืงืกืืขื ืฉืึทื ื
5.5. ืืึทืฉืืขืืืงื ืื CryptoPro EDS ืืจืึทืืืขืจ ืคึผืืื-ืืื ืคืึทืจืืขื ืืขืจืื ื - ืงืึธื ืืจืึธืืืจื ืึทื ืึทืืฅ ืึทืจืืขื
6.1. ืืืื ืฆื ืื CryptoPro ืคึผืจืืืืจื ืืืึทื
6.2. ืืืื ืฆื ืืืื ืคืขืจืืขื ืืขืืข ืึทืงืึทืื ื ืืืืฃ nalog.ru
6.3. ืืืื ืฆื ืฉืืึทื ืืึทืืื ืื ืืก - ืืืึธืก ืฆื ืืึธื ืืืื ืขืก ืกืืึทืคึผืก ืืจืืขืื
ืืฉืึทื ืืื ื ืืขื ืงืึทื ืืืื ืขืจ PIN ืงืึธื
- ืืขืคึฟืื ืขื ืื ื ืึธืืขื ืคืื ืื KEP ืงืึทื ืืืื ืขืจ
- ืืฉืึทื ืืื ื PIN ืืื ืึท ืืึทืคึฟืขื ืคืื ืื ืืืึธืงืืึทื
ืกืืื ืื ื ืืขืงืขืก ืืืืฃ macOS
- ืืขืคึฟืื ืขื ืื ืืึทืฉ ืคืื ืื CEP ืืึทืืืืึทืื
- ืกืืื ืื ื ืึท ืืขืงืข ืืื ืึท ืืึทืคึฟืขื ืคืื ืื ืืืึธืงืืึทื
- ืื ืกืืึธืืื ื ืขืคึผื ืึทืืืึธืืึทืืึธืจ ืกืงืจืืคึผื
ืงืืง ืื ืืกืืืข ืืืืฃ ืืขื ืืึธืงืืืขื ื
ืื ืืื ืคึฟืึธืจืืึทืฆืืข ืืื ืื ืืื ืืืงืืืขื ืคืื ืจืขืคึผืืึทืืึทืืึทื ืงืืืืื (CryptoPro ะธ , , , ), ืืื ืขืก ืืื ืกืึทืืืืฉืขืกืืื ืฆื ืึธืคึผืืึธืืืจื ืืืืืืืืืจื ืคึฟืื ืืจืึทืกืืื ืืืืืืขื. ืืขืจ ืืืืจ ืืื ืึท ืคืจืืึท ืงืึธื ืกืืืืึทื ื ืืื ืืื ื ืืฉื ืึทืคืืืืืืืึทื ืืื ืงืืื ืคืื ืื ืืขืจืืื ื ืงืึธืืคึผืึทื ืืขืก. ืืืจื ื ืึธืืคืึธืืื ืื ืื ืกืืจืึทืงืฉืึทื ื, ืืืจ ื ืขืืขื ืคืื ืคึฟืึทืจืึทื ืืืืึธืจืืืขืืงืืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืืื ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื ืืื ืงืึทื ืกืึทืงืืืขื ืกืึทื.
ืืืึธืก ืืืจ ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืฆื ืึทืจืืขืื ืืื CEP ืืื ืืขืจ macOS:
- CEP ืืืืฃ ืึท ืืกื ืกืืืขื Rutoken Lite ืึธืืขืจ Rutoken EDS
- ืงืจืืคึผืืึธ ืงืึทื ืืืื ืขืจ ืืื CryptoPro ืคึฟืึธืจืืึทื
- ืืื ืืขืืืื-ืืื ืืขืจืืืืืขื ืืฉ ืคึฟืึทืจ CryptoPro CSP
eToken ืืื JaCarta ืืขืืืข ืืื ืงืึทื ืืืฉืึทื ืืงืฉืึทื ืืื CryptoPro ืืขื ืขื ื ืืฉื ืืขืฉืืืฆื ืืื ืืขืจ ืืึทืงืึธืก. ืื Rutoken Lite ืืขืืืข ืืื ืืขืจ ืืขืกืืขืจ ืืจืืจื, ืขืก ืงืึธืก 500..1000 = ืจืืื, ืขืก ืึทืจืืขื ืืขืฉืืืื ื ืืื ืึทืืึทืื ืืืจ ืฆื ืงืจืึธื ืึทืจืืืฃ ืฆื 15 ืฉืืืกืืขื.
ืงืจืืคึผืืึธ ืคึผืจืึทืืืืืืขืจื VipNet, Signal-COM ืืื LISSY ืืขื ืขื ื ืืฉื ืืขืฉืืืฆื ืืืืฃ ืืึทืงืึธืก. ืขืก ืืื ืงืืื ืืืขื ืฆื ืืขืจ ืงืึทื ืืืื ืขืจื. ืงืจืืคึผืืึธืคึผืจืึธ ืืื ืืขืจ ืืขืกืืขืจ ืืจืืจื, ืื ืคึผืจืืึทื ืคืื ืื ืืึทืืืืึทืื ืืึธื ืืืื ืืืขืื 1300 = ืจืืึทืื. ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืืื ืึทื ืืจืึทืคึผืจืึทื ืขืจื ืืื 1600 = ืจืืึทืื. ืคึฟืึทืจ YUL.
ืืืคึผืืงืึทืืื, ืึท ืืขืจืืขื ืืขืจืืืืืขื ืืฉ ืคึฟืึทืจ CryptoPro CSP ืืื ืฉืืื ืึทืจืืึทื ืืขืจืขืื ื ืืื ืื ืืึทืืืืึทืื ืืื ืืื ืฆืืืขืฉืืขืื ืคืจืื ืืืจื ืคืืืข ืงืึทืก. ืืืื ืืึธืก ืืื ื ืืฉื ืืขืจ ืคืึทื, ืืืจ ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืฆื ืงืืืคื ืืื ืึทืงืืึทืืืืื ืึท ืืืืจืขืกืืืง ืืขืจืืืืืขื ืืฉ ืคึฟืึทืจ CryptoPro CSP ืฉืืจืขื ื ืืืขืจืกืืข 4, ืืืึธืก ืงืึธืก 2700 =. CryptoPro CSP ืืืขืจืกืืข 5 ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืึทืงืึธืก ืืื ื ืืฉื ืึทืจืืขืื ืืขืจืืืืึทื.
ืื ืกืืึทืืืจื ืืื ืงืึทื ืคืืืืขืจ CEP ืคึฟืึทืจ macOS
ืงืืึธืจ ืืื ืืขืจ ืืึธื ืืืื
- ืึทืืข ืืึทืื ืืึธืืืื ืืขืงืขืก ืืขื ืขื ืืึทืื ืืึธืืืื ืฆื ืื ืคืขืืืงืืึทื ืืืขืืืืืึทืืขืจ: ~/Downloads/;
- ืืืจ ืืึธื ื ืื ืืืืฉื ืขืคึผืขืก ืืื ืึทืืข ืื ืกืืึธืืขืจื, ืืืจ ืืึธืื ืึทืืฅ ืืื ืคืขืืืงืืึทื;
- ืืืื macOS ืืืกืคึผืืืื ืึท ืืืืจืขื ืื ื ืึทื ืื ืืืืืืืืืจื ืืืึธืก ืืื ืืึธื ืืฉื ืืื ืคึฟืื ืึทื ืึทื ืืืืขื ืืึทืคืืื ืืขืืืขืืึธืคึผืขืจ, ืืืจ ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืฆื ืืึทืฉืืขืืืงื ืืขื ืงืึทืืขืจ ืืื ืื ืกืืกืืขื ืกืขืืืื ืืก: ืกืืกืืขื ืคึผืจืขืคึฟืขืจืขื ืฆื -> ืืืืขืจืืืื ืืื ืคึผืจืืืืึทืืงืืื -> ืขืคึฟื ืกืืึท ืืื ืกืืึท;
- ืืืื macOS ืคืืจืืื ืื ืึท ืืึทื ืืฆืขืจ ืคึผืึทืจืึธื ืืื ืืขืจืืืืืขื ืืฉ ืฆื ืงืึธื ืืจืึธืืืจื ืืขื ืงืึธืืคึผืืืืขืจ, ืืืจ ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืฆื ืึทืจืืึทื ืื ืคึผืึทืจืึธื ืืื ืฉืืืืขื ืืื ืึทืืฅ.
1. ืื ืกืืึทืืืจื CryptoPro CSP
ืืืืฃ ืืขืจ ืืืขืืืืืื CryptoPro and Co ืึธืคึผืืึธืืืจื ืืื ืื ืกืืึทืืืจื ืื ืืืขืจืกืืข ืงืจืืคึผืืึธืคึผืจืึธ ืงืกืคึผ 4.0 R4 ืคืึทืจ ืืึทืงืึธืก - .
2. ืื ืกืืึทืืืจื Rutoken ืืจืืืืขืจืก
ืืขืจ ืืืขืืืืืื ืืืื ืึทื ืืึธืก ืืื ืึทืคึผืฉืึทื ืึทื, ืึธืืขืจ ืขืก ืืื ืืขืกืขืจ ืฆื ืื ืกืืึทืืืจื ืขืก. ืงืึธื ืืจืืคืงืืคืืข ืืื ืื ืกืืึทืืืจื ืืืืฃ ืื Rutoken ืืืขืืืืืื ืงืืืืฉืึทืื ืฉืืืฆื ืืึธืืืืข - .
ืืขืจื ืึธื, ืคืึทืจืืื ืื ืื ืืกื ืกืืืขื, ืงืึทืืขืจ ืื ืืืึธืงืืึทื ืืื ืืืกืคืืจื ืืขื ืืึทืคึฟืขื:
/opt/cprocsp/bin/csptest -card -enum -vืืขืจ ืขื ืืคืขืจ ืืึธื ืืืื:
ืึทืงืืืื ืจืืืึธืงืขืโฆ
ืงืึธืจื ืคืึธืจืฉืืขืื ...
[ืืขืืช ืงืึธื: 0x00000000]
3. ืื ืกืืึทืืืจื ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ
3.1. ืืืจ ืืืกืืขืงื ืึทืืข ืึทืื GOST ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ
ืืืื ืืืจ ืืึธื ืคืจืืขืจ ืืขืคืจืืืื ืฆื ืงืึทืืขืจ CEP ืืื ืืขืจ macOS, ืืืจ ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืฆื ืืืกืืขืงื ืึทืืข ืคืจืืขืจ ืืื ืกืืึทืืืจื ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ. ืื ืงืึทืืึทื ืื ืืื ืื ืืืึธืงืืึทื ืืืขื ืืืืื ืืืกืืขืงื CryptoPro ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ ืืื ืืืขื ื ืืฉื ืืืืจืงื ืจืขืืืืขืจ ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ ืคึฟืื Keychain ืืืืฃ ืืึทืงืึธืก.
sudo /opt/cprocsp/bin/certmgr -delete -all -store mrootsudo /opt/cprocsp/bin/certmgr -delete -all -store uroot/opt/cprocsp/bin/certmgr -delete -allืืขืจ ืขื ืืคืขืจ ืคืื ืืขืืขืจ ืืึทืคึฟืขื ืืึธื ืึทืจืืึทื ื ืขืืขื:
ืงืืื ืืึทืืืืึทืื ืืืึธืก ืจืืืื ืื ืงืจืืืืืจืืึท
ืึธืืขืจ
ืืืืืืื ื ืืึทื ืฅ
3.2. ืื ืกืืึธืืื ื ืืืึธืจืฆื ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ
ืืืึธืจืฆื ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ ืืขื ืขื ืคึผืจืึธืกื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืืข CEPs ืืจืืืก ืืืจื ืงืืื ืกืขืจืืึทืคืึทืงืืืฉืึทื ืืืืืึธืจืืืขื. ืืจืืคืงืืคืืข ืคึฟืื ืืืจืึทื ืคืขืืขืจืืืข ืืืกืืจืืงื ืคืื ืืขืจ ืืื ืืกืืขืจืืื ืคืื ืืขืืขืงืึธื ืืื ืืึทืกืข ืงืึธืืื ืืงืึทืฆืืข:
ืื ืกืืึทืืืจื ืืื ืงืึทืืึทื ืื ืืื ืืืึธืงืืึทื:
sudo /opt/cprocsp/bin/certmgr -inst -store mroot -f ~/Downloads/4BC6DC14D97010C41A26E058AD851F81C842415A.cersudo /opt/cprocsp/bin/certmgr -inst -store mroot -f ~/Downloads/8CAE88BBFD404A7A53630864F9033606E1DC45E2.cersudo /opt/cprocsp/bin/certmgr -inst -store mroot -f ~/Downloads/0408435EB90E5C8796A160E69E4BFAC453435D1D.cerืืขืืขืจ ืืึทืคึฟืขื ืืึธื ืฆืืจืืงืงืืืขื:
ืื ืกืืึธืืื ื:
...
[ืืขืืช ืงืึธื: 0x00000000]
3.3. ืืจืืคืงืืคืืข ืกืขืจืืึทืคืึทืงืืืฉืึทื ืืืืืึธืจืืืขื ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ
ืืขืจื ืึธื ืืืจ ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืฆื ืื ืกืืึทืืืจื ืื ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ ืคืื ืื ืกืขืจืืึทืคืึทืงืืืฉืึทื ืืืืืึธืจืืืขื ืืื ืืืจ ืืึธื ืืจืืืก ืื CEP. ืืืคึผืืงืึทืืื, ืื ืืืึธืจืฆื ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ ืคืื ืืขืืขืจ CA ืืขื ืขื ืืืื ืืืืฃ ืืืื ืืืขืืืืืื ืืื ืื ืืึทืื ืืึธืืื ืึธืคึผืืืืืื ื.
ืึทืืืขืจื ืึทืืืืืขืื, ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ ืคืื ืงืืื CA ืงืขื ืขื ืืืื ืืึทืื ืืึธืืืื ืคึฟืื . ืฆื ืืึธื ืืึธืก, ืืื ืื ืืืื ืคืึธืจืขื ืืืจ ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืฆื ืืขืคึฟืื ืขื ืึท CA ืืืจื ื ืึธืืขื, ืืืื ืฆื ืื ืืืึทื ืืื ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ ืืื ืืจืืคืงืืคืืข ืึทืืฅ ืึทืงืืื ื ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ - ืืึธืก ืืื, ืืขื ืข ืืื 'ืืืืืืง' ืืขืจ ืฆืืืืืืขืจ ืืืืื ืืื ื ืื ื ืืฉื ืื ืืขืงืืืขื. ืืจืืคืงืืคืืข ืคึฟืื ืื ืืื ืง ืืื ืืขื ืคืขืื 'ืคืื ืืขืจืคึผืจืื ื'.
ืกืงืจืขืขื ืฉืึธืฅ
ื ืืฆื ืืขื ืืืึทืฉืคึผืื ืคืื CA Corus-Consulting: ืืืจ ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืฆื ืึธืคึผืืึธืืืจื 4 ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ ืคึฟืื :
ืืืจ ืื ืกืืึทืืืจื ืื ืืึทืื ืืึธืืืื CA ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ ื ืืฆื ืงืึทืืึทื ืื ืคืื ืื ืืืึธืงืืึทื:
sudo /opt/cprocsp/bin/certmgr -inst -store mroot -f ~/Downloads/B9F1D3F78971D48C34AA73786CDCD138477FEE3F.cersudo /opt/cprocsp/bin/certmgr -inst -store mroot -f ~/Downloads/A0D19D700E2A5F1CAFCE82D3EFE49A0D882559DF.cersudo /opt/cprocsp/bin/certmgr -inst -store mroot -f ~/Downloads/55EC48193B6716D38E80BD9D1D2D827BC8A07DE3.cersudo /opt/cprocsp/bin/certmgr -inst -store mroot -f ~/Downloads/15EB064ABCB96C5AFCE22B9FEA52A1964637D101.cerืืื ื ืึธื ~/Downloads/ ืื ื ืขืืขื ืคืื ืื ืืึทืื ืืึธืืืื ืืขืงืขืก ืืขื ืขื ืืืกืืขื; ืืื ืืืขืื ืืืื ืึทื ืืขืจืฉ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืขืืขืจ CA.
ืืขืืขืจ ืืึทืคึฟืขื ืืึธื ืฆืืจืืงืงืืืขื:
ืื ืกืืึธืืื ื:
...
[ืืขืืช ืงืึธื: 0x00000000]
3.4. ืื ืกืืึธืืื ื ืึท ืืึทืืืืึทืื ืืื Rutoken
ืืึทืคึฟืขื ืืื ืืืึธืงืืึทื:
/opt/cprocsp/bin/csptestf -absorb -certsืืขืจ ืืึทืคึฟืขื ืืึธื ืฆืืจืืงืงืืืขื:
ืืื.
[ืืขืืช ืงืึธื: 0x00000000]
4. ืื ืกืืึทืืืจื ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆืืขื ืืืขืืขืจืขืจ Chromium-GOST
ืฆื ืึทืจืืขืื ืืื ืจืขืืืจืื ื ืคึผืึธืจืืึทืืก, ืืืจ ืืืขื ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆืืขื ืืืืขื ืคืื ืื Chromium ืืืขืืขืจืขืจ - ืงืจืึธืืืืึทื-GOST. ืืขืจ ืืงืืจ ืงืึธื ืคืื ืื ืคึผืจืืืขืงื ืืื ืึธืคื, ืืื ืง ืฆื ืืื ืืขืืขืื ืืืืฃ . ืคึฟืื ืืขืจืคืึทืจืื ื, ืื ืืขืจืข ืืจืึทืืืขืจื ืงืจืืคึผืืึธืคืึธืงืก ะธ ืืึทื ืืขืงืก ืืืขืืขืจืขืจ ืืื ืืขื ืขื ื ืืฉื ืคึผืึทืกืืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืจืืขืื ืืื ืจืขืืืจืื ื ืคึผืึธืจืืึทืืก โโืืื ืืขืจ ืืึทืงืึธืก. ืขืก ืืื ืืืขืจื ืงืึทื ืกืืืขืจืื ื ืึทื ืืื ืขืืืขืืข ืืืืืขืจ ืคืื Chromium-GOST, ืื ืคืขืจืืขื ืืขืืข ืืฉืืื ืืืืฃ nalog.ru ืงืขื ืคืจืืจื ืึธืืขืจ ืื ืกืงืจืึธืืืื ื ืงืขื ืืึธืจ ืืึทืืื ืืจืืขืื, ืึทืืื ืืขืจ ืึทืื ืคึผืจืึธืืืขื ืืืื ืขืจ ืืื ืืขืคึฟืื ื. ืืืืขื 71.0.3578.98 - .
โจืืจืืคืงืืคืืข ืืื ืึทื ืคึผืึทืง ืืขื ืึทืจืงืืืื, ืื ืกืืึทืืืจื ืืขื ืืืขืืขืจืขืจ ืืืจื ืงืึทืคึผืืื ื ืึธืืขืจ ืฉืืขืคึผื ืืื ืืจืึทืคึผืื ื ืขืก ืืื ืื ืึทืคึผืคึผืืืงืึทืืืึธื ืก ืืืขืืืืืึทืืขืจ. ื ืึธื ืืึทื ืืึธื ืืืจืื ื, ืคืึธืจืก ื ืึธืขื ื Chromium ืืื ืืึธื ื ืื ืขืคึฟืขื ืขื ืขืก ื ืึธื, ืึทืจืืขื ืคึฟืื Safari.
killall Chromium-Gost5. ืื ืกืืึทืืืจื ืืืขืืขืจืขืจ ืืงืกืืขื ืฉืึทื ื
5.1 CryptoPro EDS ืืจืึทืืืขืจ ืคึผืืื-ืืื
ืืื ืืจืืคืงืืคืืข ืืื ืื ืกืืึทืืืจื ืืืืฃ ืื CryptoPro ืืืขืืืืืื CryptoPro EDS ืืจืึทืืืขืจ ืคึผืืื-ืืื ืืืขืจืกืืข 2.0 ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืืืขืจื - .
5.2. ืคึผืืืืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึผืืืืืง ืืึทืืื ืื ืืก
ืืื ืึธืคึผืืึธืืืจื ืืื ืื ืกืืึทืืืจื ืืืืฃ ืื ืฉืืึทื ืืึทืืื ืื ืืก ืืืืขืจ ืคึผืืืืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืจืืขืื ืืื ืื ืจืขืืืจืื ื ืืึทืืื ืื ืืก ืืืืขืจ (ืืืขืจืกืืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืึทืงืึธืก) - .
5.3. ืืึทืฉืืขืืืงื ืึท ืคึผืืืืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฉืืึทื ืืึทืืื ืื ืืก
ืืจืืคืงืืคืืข ืื ืจืืืืืง ืงืึทื ืคืืืืขืจืืืฉืึทื ืืขืงืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ืฉืืึทื ืืึทืืื ืื ืืก ืืขืฉืคึผืจืืื ืคึฟืื ืื CryptoPro ืืืขืืืืืื - .
ืืืกืคืืจื ืงืึทืืึทื ืื ืืื ืืืึธืงืืึทื:
sudo rm /Library/Internet Plug-Ins/IFCPlugin.plugin/Contents/ifc.cfgsudo cp ~/Downloads/ifc.cfg /Library/Internet Plug-Ins/IFCPlugin.plugin/Contentsโจsudo cp /Library/Google/Chrome/NativeMessagingHosts/ru.rtlabs.ifcplugin.json /Library/Application Support/Chromium/NativeMessagingHosts5.4. ืึทืงืืึทืืืืืืื ื ืืงืกืืขื ืฉืึทื ื
ืงืึทืืขืจ ืื Chromium-Gost ืืืขืืขืจืขืจ ืืื ืึทืจืืึทื ืื ืึทืืจืขืก ืืึทืจ:
chrome://extensions/ืืืจ ืืขืื ืืืืืข ืืื ืกืืึทืืืจื ืืงืกืืขื ืฉืึทื ื:
- ืงืจืืคึผืืึธืคึผืจืึธ ืคืึทืจืืขื ืืขืจืื ื ืคึฟืึทืจ CAdES ืืจืึทืืืขืจ ืคึผืืื-ืืื
- ืคืึทืจืืขื ืืขืจืื ื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ืฉืืึทื ืืึทืืื ืื ืืก ืคึผืืืืื
ืกืงืจืขืขื ืฉืึธื
5.5. ืืึทืฉืืขืืืงื ืื CryptoPro EDS ืืจืึทืืืขืจ ืคึผืืื-ืืื ืคืึทืจืืขื ืืขืจืื ื
ืืื ืื Chromium-Gost ืึทืืจืขืก ืืึทืจ ืืืจ ืึทืจืืึทื:
/etc/opt/cprocsp/trusted_sites.htmlืืืืฃ ืืขื ืืืึทื ืืืึธืก ืืื ืืจืืืก, ืืืื ืื ืคืืืืขื ืืข ืืืืืืขื ืฆื ืืขืจ ืจืฉืืื ืคืื ืืจืึทืกืืื ืืืืืืขื ืืืื ืขืจ ืืืจื ืืืื ืขืจ:
https://*.cryptopro.ru
https://*.nalog.ru
https://*.gosuslugi.ruืืจืืงื "ืืื". ื ืืจืื ืคึผืื ืงื ืืึธื ืืขืจืฉืืึทื ืขื:
ืื ืจืฉืืื ืคืื ืืจืึทืกืืื ื ืึธืืื ืืื ืืฆืืื ืืขืจืืืขืืืขื.
ืกืงืจืขืขื ืฉืึธื
6. ืงืืง ืึทื ืึทืืฅ ืึทืจืืขื
6.1. ืืืื ืฆื ืื CryptoPro ืคึผืจืืืืจื ืืืึทื
ืืื ืื Chromium-Gost ืึทืืจืขืก ืืึทืจ ืืืจ ืึทืจืืึทื:
https://www.cryptopro.ru/sites/default/files/products/cades/demopage/cades_bes_sample.html"ืคึผืืืืื ืืึธืืืื" ืืึธื ืืืื ืืขืืืืื, ืืื ืืืื ืืึทืืืืึทืื ืืึธื ืืืื ืคืึธืจืฉืืขืื ืืื ืืขืจ ืจืฉืืื ืืื ืื.
ืกืขืืขืงืืืจื ืึท ืืึทืืืืึทืื ืคืื ืืขืจ ืจืฉืืื ืืื ืืื "ืฆืืืื". ืืืจ ืืืขื ืืืื ืืขืืขืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ืืึทืืืืึทืื PIN. ืืื ืึท ืจืขืืืืืึทื, ืขืก ืืึธื ืืืื ืืขืืืืื
ืืกืืืข ืืืฉืขื ืขืจืืืืึทื ืืฆืืื
ืกืงืจืขืขื ืฉืึธื
6.2. ืืืื ืฆื ืืืื ืคืขืจืืขื ืืขืืข ืึทืงืึทืื ื ืืืืฃ nalog.ru
ืืืจ ืงืขื ื ืืฉื ืงืขื ืขื ืฆื ืึทืงืกืขืก ืืื ืงืก ืคืื ืื ืคึผืืึทืฅ nalog.ru, ืืืืึทื ... ืืฉืขืงืก ืืืขื ื ืืฉื ืคืึธืจื. ืืืจ ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืฆื ืืืื ืืืจื ืืืจืขืงื ืืื ืงืก:
- ืคึผืจืืืืึทื ืึธืคืืก IP:
- ืคึผืจืืืืึทื ืึธืคืืก ะฎะ:
ืกืงืจืขืขื ืฉืึธื
6.3. ืืืื ืฆื ืฉืืึทื ืืึทืืื ืื ืืก
ืืืขื ืืึธืืื ื ืืื, ืกืขืืขืงืืืจื "ืืึธืืื ืืื ืึทื ืขืืขืงืืจืึธื ืืฉ ืืกืืืข." ืืื ืืขืจ "ืกืขืืขืงืืืจื ืขืืขืงืืจืึธื ืืฉ ืืกืืืข ืืืขืจืึทืคืึทืงืืืฉืึทื ืฉืืืกื ืืึทืืืืึทืื" ืจืฉืืื ืืืึธืก ืืื ืืขืืืืื, ืึทืืข ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ, ืึทืจืืึทื ืืขืจืขืื ื ืืืึธืจืฆื ืืื CA, ืืืขื ืืืื ืืขืืืืื; ืืืจ ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืฆื ืืืืกืงืืืึทืื ืืืื ืคืื ืึท ืืกื ืกืืืขื ืืื ืึทืจืืึทื ืื PIN.
ืกืงืจืขืขื ืฉืึธื
7. ืืืึธืก ืฆื ืืึธื ืืืื ืขืก ืกืืึทืคึผืก ืืจืืขืื
-
ืืืจ ืจืืงืึทื ืขืงื ืื ืืกื ืกืืืขื ืืื ืงืึธื ืืจืึธืืืจื ืึทื ืขืก ืืื ืงืขื ืืืง ืืื ืื ืืึทืคึฟืขื ืืื ืื ืืืึธืงืืึทื:
sudo /opt/cprocsp/bin/csptest -card -enum -vโจ -
ืืืจ ืืืกืืขืงื ืื ืืืขืืขืจืขืจ ืงืึทืฉ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืืข ืืึธื, ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืืึธืก ืืืจ ืึทืจืืึทื ืื Chromium-Gost ืึทืืจืขืก ืืึทืจ:
โจchrome://settings/clearBrowserDataโจ -
ืจืืื ืกืืึทื ืื CEP ืืึทืืืืึทืื ื ืืฆื ืื ืืึทืคึฟืขื ืืื ืื ืืืึธืงืืึทื:
/opt/cprocsp/bin/csptestf -absorb -certs
ืืฉืึทื ืืื ื ืืขื ืงืึทื ืืืื ืขืจ PIN ืงืึธื
ืื ืื PIN ืงืึธื ืคึฟืึทืจ Rutoken ืืืจื ืคืขืืืงืืึทื 12345678, ืืื ืขืก ืืื ืงืืื ืืืขื ืฆื ืืึธืื ืขืก ืึทืืื. ืจืขืงืืืืจืขืืขื ืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื Rutoken PIN ืงืึธื: ืืึทืงืกืืืื 16 ืืืชืืืช, ืงืขื ืขื ืึทื ืืืึทืืื ืืึทืืืึทื ืืืชืืืช ืืื ื ืืืขืจื.
1. ืืขืคึฟืื ืขื ืื ื ืึธืืขื ืคืื ืื KEP ืงืึทื ืืืื ืขืจ
ืขืก ืงืขื ืืืื ืขืืืขืืข ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ ืกืืึธืจื ืืืืฃ ืื ืืกื ืืึธืงืขื ืืื ืื ืืขืจืข ืกืืึธืจืืืืฉ, ืืื ืืืจ ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืฆื ืงืืืึทืื ืื ืจืขืื. ืืื ืื ืืกื ืืึธืงืขื ืื ืกืขืจืืึทื, ืืืจ ืืึทืงืืืขื ืึท ืจืฉืืื ืคืื ืึทืืข ืงืึทื ืืืื ืขืจื ืืื ืื ืกืืกืืขื ืืื ืื ืืึทืคึฟืขื ืืื ืื ืืืึธืงืืึทื:
/opt/cprocsp/bin/csptest -keyset -enum_cont -fqcn -verifycontextืืขืจ ืืึทืคึฟืขื ืืืื ืฆืืจืืงืฆืืขื ืืืึท ืืื ืืกืืขืจ 1 ืงืึทื ืืืื ืขืจ ืืื ืฆืืจืืงืงืืืขื
[ืืขืืช ืงืึธื: 0x00000000]
ืืขืจ ืงืึทื ืืืื ืขืจ ืืืจ ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืงืืงื ืืื
.ืืงืืืื ืจืืืึธืงืขื ืืืืขืงืกืงืกืงืกืงืกืงืกืงืก
ืืืื ืขืืืขืืข ืึทืืึท ืงืึทื ืืืื ืขืจื ืืขื ืขื ืืขืืืืื, ืขืก ืืืื ืึทื ืขืก ืืขื ืขื ืขืืืขืืข ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ ืืขืฉืจืืื ืืืืฃ ืื ืกืืืขื, ืืื ืืืจ ืืืืกื ืืืึธืก ืืืจ ืืึทืจืคึฟื. ืืืึทืืฉ ืงืกืงืกืงืกืงืกืงืกืงืกืงืกืงืก ื ืึธื ืื ืฆืขืืึทืงื ืืืจ ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืฆื ื ืึธืืืึทืื ืืื ืคึผืึทืคึผ ืืื ืื ืืึทืคึฟืขื ืืื ืื.
2. ืืืืฉื PIN ื ืืฆื ืึท ืืึทืคึฟืขื ืคืื ืื ืืืึธืงืืึทื
/opt/cprocsp/bin/csptest -passwd -qchange -container "XXXXXXXX"ืืื ืงืกืงืกืงืกืงืกืงืกืงืกืงืกืงืก - ืืขืจ ื ืึธืืขื ืคืื ืืขื ืงืึทื ืืืื ืขืจ ืืืงืืืขื ืืื ืฉืจืื 1 (ืืึทืืืงืข ืืื ืฆืืืืจื).
ื ืงืจืืคึผืืึธืคึผืจืึธ ืืืึทืืึธื ืืืขื ืืืื ืึทืกืงืื ื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ืึทืื PIN ืงืึธื ืฆื ืึทืงืกืขืก ืื ืืึทืืืืึทืื, ืืื ืื ืื ืืขืจ ืืืึทืืึธื ืฆื ืึทืจืืึทื ืื ื ืืึทืข PIN ืงืึธื. ืืจืืื.
ืกืงืจืขืขื ืฉืึธื
ืกืืื ืื ื ืืขืงืขืก ืืืืฃ macOS
ืืืืฃ macOS, ืืขืงืขืก ืงืขื ืขื ืืืื ืืขืืชืืขื ืืื ืืืืืืืืืจื (ืืขืจืืืืืขื ืืฉ ืงืึธืก 2500 = ืจืืึทืื.), ืึธืืขืจ ืึท ืคึผืฉืื ืืึทืคึฟืขื ืืืจื ืื ืืืึธืงืืึทื - ืคืจืื.
1. ืืขืคึฟืื ืขื ืื ืืึทืฉ ืคืื ืื CEP ืืึทืืืืึทืื
ืขืก ืงืขื ืขื ืืืื ืงืืืคื ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ ืืืืฃ ืึท ืกืืืขื ืืื ืืื ืื ืืขืจืข ืกืืึธืจื. ืืืจ ืืืจืคื ืงืืืจ ืืืืขื ืืืคืืฆืืจื ืืขื ืืื ืืืืก ืืืจ ืืืขืื ืคืื ืืขืฆื ืื ืืื ืืขืจืฉืจืืืื ืืืงืืืขื ืื. ืืขืืื ืึทืืึธื.
ืื ืกืืืขื ืืืื ืืืื ืื ืกืขืจืืึทื. ืืืจ ืืึทืงืืืขื ืึท ืจืฉืืื ืคืื ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ ืืื ืื ืจืืคึผืึทืืึทืืึธืจืื ืืื ืื ืืึทืคึฟืขื ืคืื ืื ืืืึธืงืืึทื:
/opt/cprocsp/bin/certmgr -listืืขืจ ืืึทืคึฟืขื ืืืื ืึทืจืืืกืคืืจื ืืืึท ืืื ืืกืืขืจ 1 ืืึทืืืืึทืื ืคืื ืื ืคืึธืจืขื:
Certmgr 1.1 ยฉ "ืงืจืืคึผืืึธ-ืคึผืจืึธ", 2007-2018.
ืคึผืจืึธืืจืึทื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึธื ืคืืจืื ื ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ, CRLs ืืื ืกืืึธืจื
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
1---
ืึทืจืืืกืืขืื: [ืืืืขืื ืืืฉืืฆื],... CN=LLC ืงืึธืจืืก ืงืึทื ืกืึทืืืื ื ืกืืก ...
ืขื ืื: [ืืืืขืื ืืืฉืืฆื],... ืงื =ืืืึทืจืึธืื ืกืขืจืืื ืึทื ืึทืืึธืืืขืืืืืฉ...
ืกืืจืืึทื: 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000
SHA1 ืืึทืฉ: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
...
ืงืึทื ืืืื ืขืจ: SCARDrutoken_lt_00000000 000 000
...
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
[ืืขืืช ืงืึธื: 0x00000000]
ืืขืจ ืืึทืืืืึทืื ืืืึธืก ืืืจ ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืืื ืืขื ืงืึทื ืืืื ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืืขืืขืจ ืืืื ืืึธืื ืึท ืืืขืจื ืืื SCARDrutokenโฆ. ืืืื ืขืก ืืขื ืขื ืขืืืขืืข ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ ืืื ืึทืืึท ืืืึทืืืขืก, ืขืก ืืขื ืขื ืจืขืงืึธืจืืขื ืขืืืขืืข ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ ืืืืฃ ืื ืกืืืขื, ืืื ืืืจ ืืืืกื ืืืึธืก ืืืจ ืืึทืจืคึฟื. ืคึผืึทืจืึทืืขืืขืจ ืืืขืจื SHA1 ืืึทืฉ (40 ืืืชืืืช) ืืืื ืืืื ืงืึทืคึผืื ืืื ืคึผืืืกืืื ืืื ืื ืืึทืคึฟืขื ืืื ืื.
2. ืกืืื ืื ื ืึท ืืขืงืข ืืื ืึท ืืึทืคึฟืขื ืคืื ืื ืืืึธืงืืึทื
ืืื ืื ืืืึธืงืืึทื, ืืืื ืฆื ืื ืืืขืืืืืึทืืขืจ ืืื ืืขืจ ืืขืงืข ืฆื ืฆืืืื ืืื ืืืกืคืืจื ืืขื ืืึทืคึฟืขื:
/opt/cprocsp/bin/cryptcp -signf -detach -cert -der -strict -thumbprint ะฅะฅะฅะฅะฅะฅะฅะฅะฅะฅะฅะฅะฅะฅะฅะฅะฅะฅะฅะฅะฅะฅะฅะฅะฅะฅะฅะฅะฅะฅะฅะฅะฅะฅะฅะฅะฅะฅะฅะฅ FILEืืื XXXXโฆ - ืืึทืืืืึทืื ืืึทืฉ ืืืงืืืขื ืืื ืฉืจืื 1, ืืื ืืขืงืข - ืืขืงืข ื ืึธืืขื ืฆื ืฆืืืื (ืืื ืึทืืข ืืงืกืืขื ืฉืึทื ื, ืึธืืขืจ ืึธื ืืจื).
ืืขืจ ืืึทืคึฟืขื ืืึธื ืฆืืจืืงืงืืืขื:
ืืขืืชืืขื ืึธื ืืึธื ืืื ืืืฉืืคื.
[ืืขืืช ืงืึธื: 0x00000000]
ืึทื ืขืืขืงืืจืึธื ืืฉ ืืกืืืข ืืขืงืข ืืื ืื ืคืึทืจืืขื ืืขืจืื ื *.sgn ืืืขื ืืืื ืืืฉืืคื - ืืึธืก ืืื ืึท ืืืืึทืืฉื ืืกืืืข ืืื CMS ืคึฟืึธืจืืึทื ืืื DER ืงืึธืืืจืื ื.
3. ืื ืกืืึทืืืจื ืขืคึผื ืึทืืืึธืืึทืืึธืจ ืกืงืจืืคึผื
ืฆื ืืืกืืืืื ืฆื ืึทืจืืขืื ืืื ืื ืืืึธืงืืึทื ืืขืืขืจ ืืึธื, ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืื ืกืืึทืืืจื ืึทืืืึธืืึทืืึธืจ ืกืงืจืืคึผื ืึทืืึธื, ืืื ืืืึธืก ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืฆืืืื ืืึธืงืืืขื ืื ืคึฟืื ืื ืงืึธื ืืขืงืกื ืืขื ืื ืคืื ืื Finder. ืฆื ืืึธื ืืึธืก, ืืจืืคืงืืคืืข ืื ืึทืจืงืืืื - .
- ืึทื ืคึผืึทืง ืื ืึทืจืงืืืื 'ืฆืืืื ืืื CryptoPro.zip'
- ืงืึทืืขืจ ืึทืืืึธืืึทืืึธืจ
- ืืขืคึฟืื ืขื ืืื ืขืคืขื ืขื ืื ืึทื ืคึผืึทืงื ืืขืงืข 'ืฆืืืื ืืื CryptoPro.workflow'
- ืืื ืื ืืืึธืง ืืืืคื ืฉืขื ืกืงืจืืคึผื ืืืืฉื ืื ืืขืงืกื XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX ืฆื ืื ืคึผืึทืจืึทืืขืืขืจ ืืืขืจื SHA1 ืืึทืฉ CEP ืืึทืืืืึทืื ืืืงืืืขื ืืืืื.
- ืืื ืืขื ืฉืจืืคื: โCommand + S
- ืืืืคื ืื ืืขืงืข 'ืฆืืืื ืืื CryptoPro.workflow' ืืื ืืึทืฉืืขืืืงื ืื ืื ืกืืึทืืืจืื ื.
- ืืึธืืืจ ืืืื ืฆื ืกืืกืืขื ืคึผืจืขืคึฟืขืจืขื ืฆื -> ืืงืกืืขื ืฉืึทื ื -> ืคืื ืืขืจ ืืื ืืฉืขืง ืึทื ืฆืืืื ืืื CryptoPro ืฉื ืขื ืงืึทืืฃ ืืืืขืจืงื.
- ืืื Finder, ืจืืคื ืืขื ืงืึธื ืืขืงืกื ืืขื ืื ืคืื ืงืืื ืืขืงืข, ืืื ืืื ืื ืึธืคึผืืืืืื ื ืฉื ืขื ืึทืงืืืึธื ืก ืืื / ืึธืืขืจ ืืึทืืื ืื ืืก ืืืืกืงืืืึทืื ื ืืืขืจ ืฆืืืื ืืื CryptoPro
- ืืื ืื CryptoPro ืืืึทืืึธื ืืืึธืก ืืื ืืจืืืก, ืึทืจืืึทื ืื ืืึทื ืืฆืขืจ PIN ืงืึธื ืคืื ืื CEP
- ื ืืขืงืข ืืื ืื ืืขืฉืคึผืจืืื *.sgn ืืืขื ืืขืจืฉืืึทื ืขื ืืื ืืขื ืงืจืึทื ื ืืืขืืืืืึทืืขืจ - ืึท ืืืืึทืืฉื ืืกืืืข ืืื CMS ืคึฟืึธืจืืึทื ืืื DER ืงืึธืืืจืื ื.
ืกืงืจืขืขื ืฉืึธืฅ
Apple Automator ืคึฟืขื ืฆืืขืจ:
ืกืืกืืขื ืคึผืจืขืคึฟืขืจืขื ืฆื:
ืืขืคึฟืื ืขื ืงืึธื ืืขืงืกื ืืขื ืื:
ืงืืง ืื ืืกืืืข ืืืืฃ ืืขื ืืึธืงืืืขื ื
ืืืื ืืขืจ ืืื ืืึทืื ืคืื ืืขื ืืึธืงืืืขื ื ืืื ื ืืฉื ืึทื ืืืึทืืื ืกืืงืจืืฅ ืืื ืกืืงืจืืฅ, ืื ืืืืึทืกื ืืืขื ืืื ืฆื ื ืืฆื ืื ืืืขื ืกืขืจืืืืก ืืืืฃ ืื ืฉืืึทื ืืึทืืื ืื ืืก ืืืืขืจ - . ืืขื ืืืขื ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ื ืขืืขื ืึท ืกืงืจืขืขื ืฉืึธื ืคืื ืึท ืจืขืคึผืืึทืืึทืืึทื ืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืขืจ ืึทื ืึทืืฅ ืืื ืืื ืืื ืื ืืกืืืข.
ืกืงืจืขืขื ืฉืึธืฅ
ืืงืืจ: www.habr.com