ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ื ืขืฅ ื•ื™ืกืจื™ื›ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš SNMPv3 ืื™ืŸ Zabbix

ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืื™ื– ื“ืขื“ืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ื ืขืฅ ื•ื™ืกืจื™ื›ื˜ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ SNMPv3 ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ. ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ SNMPv3, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืœ-ืคืœืขื“ื–ืฉื“ ื˜ืขืžืคึผืœืึทื˜ืขืก ืื™ืŸ Zabbix, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื˜ืฉื™ื•ื•ื“ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ืคื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืึทืœืขืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื ืขืฅ. ื“ื™ SNMP ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ื ืขืฅ ื•ื™ืกืจื™ื›ื˜, ืื•ืŸ Zabbix ืื™ื– ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืกืึทืžืขืจื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื•ืžื– ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืงืึทืžื™ื ื’ ืžืขื˜ืจื™ืงืก.

ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ SNMPv3

ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ SNMPv3 ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื ื•ืฆืŸ. ื“ื™ ื˜ืึทืกืงืก ืคื•ืŸ SNMP ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ื ืขืฅ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ื“ื•ืจืš ืฉื™ืงืŸ ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ืงืึทืžืึทื ื“ื– ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ (ืœืžืฉืœ, ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืกื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœ ื ืขืฅ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคื™ื™ืกื™ื– ืึธื“ืขืจ ืจื™ืกื˜ืึทืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืœ).

ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ SNMPv3 ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืงืœืึทืกื™ืฉ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื– [1-3], ื ื™ื™ืžืœื™:

  • ืึธื˜ืขื ื˜ืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ื˜ืขืจืžืึทื ื– ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืื™ื– ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจืึทืกื˜ื™ื“ ืžืงื•ืจ;
  • ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ (ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ), ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืžื™ื™ึทื“ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืคึผืœืขืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ื˜ื˜ืขื“ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืกืขืคึผื˜ืึทื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืจื™ื˜ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ืขืก;
  • ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ืึท ื’ืึทืจืึทื ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื˜ืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ืกื™ืข.

SNMPv3 ื™ืžืคึผืœื™ื™ื– ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืžืึธื“ืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืึธื˜ืขื ื˜ืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืขื’ื™ืข ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ืฆื• ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ (ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ึทืขืจื“ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ SNMP, ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ื›ื™ื™ืคืขืฅ ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– "ืงื”ืœ", ืึท ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืฉื˜ืจื™ืงืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท "ืคึผืึทืจืึธืœ" ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ื˜ื˜ืขื“ ืื™ืŸ ืงืœืึธืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ (ืงืœืึธืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜)).

SNMPv3 ื™ื ื˜ืจืึทื“ื•ืกื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืœืขื•ื•ืขืœืก - ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืœืขื•ื•ืขืœืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืกืจื™ื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ SNMP ืึทื’ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ื›ื™ื™ืคืขืฅ. ื“ื™ ืงืึธืžื‘ื™ื ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืžืึธื“ืขืœ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื“ื™ื˜ืขืจืžืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’ ืึท SNMP ืคึผืึทืงืึทื˜ [4].

ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืฉ ื‘ืืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืงืึทืžื‘ืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธื“ืขืœืก ืื•ืŸ SNMPv3 ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืœืขื•ื•ืขืœืก (ืื™ืš ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืฆื• ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืฉืคืืœื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœ):

ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ื ืขืฅ ื•ื™ืกืจื™ื›ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš SNMPv3 ืื™ืŸ Zabbix

ืึทืงืงืึธืจื“ื™ื ื’ืœื™, ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื ื•ืฆืŸ SNMPv3 ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ืขื ื˜ืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืžืึธื“ืข ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ.

ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจ SNMPv3

ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ื ืขืฅ ืขืงื•ื•ื™ืคึผืžืขื ื˜ ืจื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืจื– ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ SNMPv3 ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจืขื“ ื›ื™ื™ืคืขืฅ.

ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืึท Cisco ื ืขืฅ ืžื™ื˜ืœ, ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ (ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ CLI, ืื™ืš ืกื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ื“ื™ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืกื•ื•ืขืจื“ื– ืฆื• ื•ื™ืกืžื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืฆืขืžื™ืฉื•ื ื’):

snmp-server group snmpv3group v3 priv read snmpv3name 
snmp-server user snmpv3user snmpv3group v3 auth md5 md5v3v3v3 priv des des56v3v3v3
snmp-server view snmpv3name iso included

ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืฉื•ืจื” snmp-server ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข - ื“ื™ืคื™ื™ื ื– ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹SNMPv3 ื™ื•ื–ืขืจื– (snmpv3group), ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืึธื“ืข (ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ), ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืงืกืขืก ืจืขื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ snmpv3group ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ MIB ื‘ื•ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ื›ื™ื™ืคืขืฅ (snmpv3name ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืกืคึผืขืกื™ืคื™ืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ MIB ื‘ื•ื™ื ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืงืกืขืก snmpv3group ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทืงืกืขืก).

ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ืฉื•ืจื” snmp-server ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ - ื“ื™ืคื™ื™ื ื– ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ snmpv3user, ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจืฉืึทืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ snmpv3group ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ md5 ืึธื˜ืขื ื˜ืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ (ืฉืคึผืจื™ื›ื•ื•ืึธืจื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ md5 ืื™ื– md5v3v3v3) ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ (ืคึผืึทืจืึธืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืก56ื•ื•3ื•ื•3ื•ื•3). ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืึทืขืก ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืก; ืื™ืš ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืขืก ื“ืึธ ื ืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ. ืื•ื™ืš, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ืึท ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ืึทืงืกืขืก ืจืฉื™ืžื” (ACL) ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจืขื’ื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฅ ื“ื™ IP ืึทื“ืจืขืกืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจ ื“ืขื ืžื™ื˜ืœ - ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืคื™ืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ.

ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื˜ ืฉื•ืจื” snmp-ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืจืขืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ื“ื™ืคื™ื™ื ื– ืึท ืงืึธื“ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ snmpv3name MIB ื‘ื•ื™ื ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืึทื– ื–ื™ื™ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื•ื•ืขืจื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ snmpv3group ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข. ISO, ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ื“ื™ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื’, ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ื“ื™ snmpv3group ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ืฆื• ืึทืงืกืขืก ืึทืœืข ืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ MIB ื‘ื•ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ื›ื™ื™ืคืขืฅ.

ื ืขื ืœืขืš ืกืขื˜ืึทืคึผ ืคึฟืึทืจ Huawei ื•ื™ืกืจื™ื›ื˜ (ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ CLI) ืงื•ืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืึธืก:

snmp-agent mib-view included snmpv3name iso
snmp-agent group v3 snmpv3group privacy read-view snmpv3name
snmp-agent usm-user v3 snmpv3user group snmpv3group
snmp-agent usm-user v3 snmpv3user authentication-mode md5 
            md5v3v3v3
snmp-agent usm-user v3 snmpv3user privacy-mode des56
            des56v3v3v3

ื ืึธืš ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื ืขืฅ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก, ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืงืกืขืก ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ SNMPv3 ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ ื ื•ืฆืŸ snmpwalk:

snmpwalk -v 3 -u snmpv3user -l authPriv -A md5v3v3v3 -a md5 -x des -X des56v3v3v3 10.10.10.252

ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ื ืขืฅ ื•ื™ืกืจื™ื›ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš SNMPv3 ืื™ืŸ Zabbix

ื ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœ ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ึทื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืจื™ืงื•ื•ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืึธื™ื“ ืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ ื ื™ืฆืŸ MIB ื˜ืขืงืขืก ืื™ื– snmpget:

ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ื ืขืฅ ื•ื™ืกืจื™ื›ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš SNMPv3 ืื™ืŸ Zabbix

ืื™ืฆื˜ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืžืึทืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืึท ื˜ื™ืคึผื™ืฉ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ SNMPv3 ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ Zabbix ืžื•ืกื˜ืขืจ. ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึผืึทืฉื˜ืขืก ืื•ืŸ MIB ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜, ืื™ืš ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ืึธื™ื“ืก:

ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ื ืขืฅ ื•ื™ืกืจื™ื›ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš SNMPv3 ืื™ืŸ Zabbix

ืื™ืš ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืžื ื”ื’ ืžืึทืงืจืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืœืข ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžื•ืกื˜ืขืจ. ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืžื•ืกื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืึทืœืข ื ืขืฅ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืขืฅ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข SNMPv3 ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจืก, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื ืขืฅ ื ืึธื“ืข, ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ SNMPv3 ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ:

ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ื ืขืฅ ื•ื™ืกืจื™ื›ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš SNMPv3 ืื™ืŸ Zabbix

ื‘ื™ื˜ืข ื˜ืึธืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื”ืื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึท ื ืืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืกื•ื•ืขืจื“ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึธื˜ืขื ื˜ืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ MIB ืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืงืกืขืก ืื™ื– ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืกืคึผืขืกื™ืคื™ืขื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ื›ื™ื™ืคืขืฅ.
ืื™ืฆื˜ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืก ืžืึทืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• ืคึผืœืึธืžื‘ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื•ืกื˜ืขืจ.

Zabbix ืึทื ืงืขื˜ืข ืžื•ืกื˜ืขืจ

ื ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืขืจืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืจื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืœื™ืง ื˜ืขืžืคึผืœืึทื˜ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ื˜ื™ื™ืœื“ ื•ื•ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš:

ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ื ืขืฅ ื•ื™ืกืจื™ื›ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš SNMPv3 ืื™ืŸ Zabbix

ืื™ืš ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืึทืžืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื™ื ื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ืึธืจื™ ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืขืก ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื ืขืฅ. ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ - ื˜ืจื™ื’ืขืจื–:

ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ื ืขืฅ ื•ื™ืกืจื™ื›ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš SNMPv3 ืื™ืŸ Zabbix

ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื–ืฉื•ื•ืึทืœืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื’ืขืจื–, ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืžืึทืงืจืึธืก {HOST.CONN} ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืึทื– ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ืœ ื ืขืžืขืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš IP ืึทื“ืจืขืกืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทืฉื‘ืึธืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืœืขืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ืึท ืขื ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ื•ื•ื™ื ื™ืึทื ืก ื•ื•ื™ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ . ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ืฆื™ ืึท ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืื™ื– ืึทื ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืึทื‘ืึทืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจืงืึธืœ ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ, ืื™ืš ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืึท ื˜ืฉืขืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทื ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ SNMP ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ื™ื™ืคืขืฅ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื˜ืจื™ื˜ืœืขืš ื“ื•ืจืš ICMP ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืจื™ืกืคึผืึทื ื“ ืฆื• SNMP ืจื™ืงื•ื•ืขืก - ื“ื™ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš, ืœืžืฉืœ. , ื•ื•ืขืŸ IP ืึทื“ืจืขืกืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืคึผืœื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก, ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืคืึทืœืฉ ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื“ ืคื™ืจืขื•ื•ืึทืœืœืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืœืฉ SNMP ืกืขื˜ื˜ื™ื ื’ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื”ืึธืกื˜ ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ื•ืจืš ICMP, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืึทื’ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื™ื ืกืึทื“ืึทื ืฅ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ, ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืจืขื›ื˜ื™ื’ื˜, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืึทื‘ืึธืœืข ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจืขื“.

ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ื˜ืขืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ื ืขืฅ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคื™ื™ืกื™ื– - ืคึฟืึทืจ ื ืขืฅ ื•ื™ืกืจื™ื›ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข. ื–ื™ื ื˜ ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคื™ื™ืกื™ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื ืขืฅ ืžื™ื˜ืœ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ืคื™ืœื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืก ื“ื™ ื•ืžื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืึธื ืขืก ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ืงืœืึทื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื–ืฉื•ื•ืึทืœืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืงืœืึทื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก.

ืื™ืš ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ SNMP ื•ืคื“ืขืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข, ืžื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ื“ื™ืกืงืึทื•ื•ืขืจื“ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจืก, ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืขืจ ืคืœืขืงืกืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืคึฟื™ืœื˜ืจื™ืจื•ื ื’:

discovery[{#IFDESCR},1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.2,{#IFALIAS},1.3.6.1.2.1.31.1.1.1.18,{#IFADMINSTATUS},1.3.6.1.2.1.2.2.1.7]

ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ื ืขืฅ ื•ื™ืกืจื™ื›ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš SNMPv3 ืื™ืŸ Zabbix

ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื•ืคื“ืขืงื•ื ื’, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคื™ืœื˜ืขืจ ื ืขืฅ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคื™ื™ืกื™ื– ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก, ืžื ื”ื’ ื“ื™ืกืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ืึทื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืคึผืึธืจื˜ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื•ืกืขืก. ืคื™ืœื˜ืขืจืก ืื•ืŸ ืจืขื’ื•ืœืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืงืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึฟื™ืœื˜ืจื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืœ ืงื•ืง ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืึธืก:

ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ื ืขืฅ ื•ื™ืกืจื™ื›ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš SNMPv3 ืื™ืŸ Zabbix

ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ื ืขืฅ ื•ื™ืกืจื™ื›ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš SNMPv3 ืื™ืŸ Zabbix

ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ื˜ืขืงื˜ืึทื“, ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคื™ื™ืกื™ื– ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืงืกืงืœื•ื“ื™ื“:

  • ืžืึทื ื™ื•ืึทืœื™ ืคืึทืจืงืจื™ืคึผืœื˜ (ืึทื“ืžื™ื ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื•ืก <>1), ื“ืึทื ืง ืฆื• IFADMINSTATUS;
  • ืึธืŸ ืึท ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ื•ื ื’, ื“ืึทื ืง ืฆื• IFALIAS;
  • ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœ * ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ื•ื ื’, ื“ืึทื ืง ืฆื• IFALIAS;
  • ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ื ืกื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืฉ, ื“ืึทื ืง ืฆื• IFDESCR (ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืจืขื’ื•ืœืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืงืŸ IFALIAS ืื•ืŸ IFDESCR ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขื’ื•ืœืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืจื•ืง ืึทืœื™ืึทืก).

ื“ืขืจ ืžื•ืกื˜ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึทืœืขืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ SNMPv3 ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืื™ื– ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜. ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ื•ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื“ืขื˜ืึทืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืึทื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื ืขืฅ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคื™ื™ืกื™ื–; ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ.

ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’

ืฆื• ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜, ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื™ื ื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ืึธืจื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื ืขืฅ:

ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ื ืขืฅ ื•ื™ืกืจื™ื›ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš SNMPv3 ืื™ืŸ Zabbix

ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ืฆื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื˜ืขืžืคึผืœืึทื˜ืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืกืขืจื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืง ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืึทืŸ ื’ืจื™ื ื’-ืฆื•-ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืœื™ื™ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ืฆืขืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’, ืกื™ืจื™ืึทืœ ื ื•ืžืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื–ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืงืœื™ื ืขืจ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ (ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง ื•ืคึผื˜ื™ืžืข). ืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืฆื•ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืกื˜ืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื˜ืŸ:

ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ื ืขืฅ ื•ื™ืกืจื™ื›ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš SNMPv3 ืื™ืŸ Zabbix

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ - ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ื˜ืึทืคืœื™ืข, ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืจื™ื’ืขืจื– ืคื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืžื“ืจื’ื”:

ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ื ืขืฅ ื•ื™ืกืจื™ื›ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš SNMPv3 ืื™ืŸ Zabbix

ื“ืึทื ืง ืฆื• ืึทืŸ ื™ื ืึทื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’ ืฆื• ื˜ืขืžืคึผืœืึทื˜ืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืžืึธื“ืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืขื ืฉื•ืจ ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ืžื•ื•ืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ืึท ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ึทื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึผืจื™ื“ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืึทืงืกืึทื“ืึทื ืฅ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ (ืื•ื™ื‘ ืฆื•ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืกืขื ืกืึธืจืก ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื˜ืจื™ืงืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื). Zabbix ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืกื•ื˜ืึทื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ื ืขืฅ, ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืก ื™ื ืคืจืึทืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ื ืขืฅ ืขืงื•ื•ื™ืคึผืžืขื ื˜ ืงืœืืจ ื“ืขืžืึทื ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ืฅ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืงื™ื™ืคึผืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื–.

ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจื™ื ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜:1. Hucaby D. CCNP ืจื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืกื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉื™ื ื’ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ 300-115 ืึทืคื™ืฉืึทืœ ืกืขืจื˜ ื’ื™ื™ื“. ืกื™ืกืงืึธ ืคืจืขืกืข, 2014. ืคึผืคึผ. 325-329.
2. RFC 3410. tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3410
3. RFC 3415. tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3415
4. SNMP ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื“, Cisco IOS XE Release 3SE. ืงืึทืคึผื™ื˜ืœ: SNMP ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข 3. www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/snmp/configuration/xe-3se/3850/snmp-xe-3se-3850-book/nm-snmp-snmpv3.html

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’