××× ××ַך×-ש××Ö·× ×ך××××× ×××××š× ××××£ ××××¥ ××֌ך×× ××¢×× ×Öž××Öž×××¢ ×××¢×š× ×× ×¢×š×©××ק ×××× ×€×× ×©××¢× ××ק ס××֞ך×××ש ××× ××Ö·×× ×¡×¢× ×עךס, עס ××× ××××××ק ×Š× ×€Ö¿×ַךש×××× ××× ×€×ַך××Öž×××¢× ××× ××¢× ×¢×. ××× ××׊×, ×Ö· ×ך××ס × ××עך ×€×× ××Ö·××֞ך×Ö·××֞ך××¢ ש×××××× ×€×× ××××¥ ××֌ך×× ×ש×׀֌ס ××¢× ×¢× ××ך××עק×Öž×× ××× ×¡×× ××¢××ש ×עסץ, ×Öž×עך עס ××× ×Ö· ×€×¢×× ×€×× ××× ×€Ö¿×֞ך××ַ׊××¢ ×××¢×× ×××עך × ×Ö·××ך ××× ××¢× ×€×¢××. ×עך ×ַך×××§× ××× ×××××š× ××××£ ×× ×š×¢×××××Ö·×× ×€×× ×Ö· ×ך××ס-×××Öž× ×€×¢×× ××¢×š× ×¢× ×§×Ö·××עך×× × ×××××Ö·× × ×€×× ××¢× ×€×× ×©××עך ×€×֞ך × ×׊×, 10 ×€×ַךש×××¢× ×¢ SSD ××Öž××¢×ס, ×€×ַךש××× ××××¥ ××֌ך×× ××¢×§× ×Ö·××Ö·××ש×× (MLC, eMLC, SLC), ××× ×××עך 6 ××֞ך ×€×× ×ַ׀֌עך××ש×Ö·× ×Ö·× × ××Š× ××× Google ××Ö·×× ×¡×¢× ×עךס.
××ך ××××Ö·××Ö·× × ×Ö· ×ך××× ×§××× ×€×× ×š×××××Ö·××××Ö·×× ×§×¢×š×ַק×עך×ס××קס ×€×× ×× ××¢×××סעס ××× ×עק×××¢× ×Š× ×Ö· × ××עך ×€×× ××××עך××× ×§×Ö·× ×§×××ש×Ö·× ×. ×€Ö¿×ַך ×××ַש׀֌××, ××× ×Ö· ×€×֞ך ××עך×× ×××ס, ×× ×š×× ××× ××¢×ת ך×Ö·×עס (RBER) ×× ×§×š×ס×× ××× ×Ö· ×€×× ×¡××Öž×עך ק×ךס ××× ×× ×¢×§×¡×€ÖŒ×Öž×× ×¢× ×©×Ö·× ×§×ךס ×××Öž×× ×€Ö¿×֞ךש××Öž××, ××× ×עך ×××€ÖŒ×֞ך××Ö·× ×××, עס ××× × ××©× ×€×֞ך××ס××Öž×× ×× ×€ÖŒ×ַס×ך×× × ×€×× ×Ö·× ×§×¢×š×¢×§××Ö·××Ö·× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס ×Öž×עך ×× ×עךע ×××׀֌ס ×€×× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס.
×× ××××××× ××¢××××× × UBER (×× ×§×֞ךךעק××Ö·×××¢ ××× ××¢×ת ך×Ö·××¢) ××¢×ך×ק ××× × ××©× ×Ö· ××× ×× ××€×Ö·× ×ך××× ×€×× ×š×××××Ö·××××Ö·××, ××××Ö·× ××ך ××Öž×× × ××©× ××¢× ×Ö· ש××××ת ׊××××©× ×× × ××עך ×€×× ××××¢× ×¢× ××× ×× × ××עך ×€×× ×Ö·× ×§×¢×š×¢×§××Ö·××Ö·× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס. ××ך ×××× ××¢×€Ö¿×× ×¢× ×§××× ××Öž×× ×Ö·× ×ך××××× ×××××š× ××××£ ××××-ך×× SLC ×ַךק×Ö·×עק×שעך ××¢× ×¢× ×עך ×€×ַך××Öž×××¢× ××× MLC ×ך××××× ×××עך ×× ×××€ÖŒ×ש ××¢×× ×€×× ×Ö· SSD. ק×Ö·××€ÖŒ×¢×š× ××× ×ך×××׊××× ×¢×× ×©××עך ×ך×××××, ××××¥-×××××š× ×¡×¡×ס ××Öž×× ×Ö· ×××××××ק × ××עך×קעך ×€×ַך×××Ö·× ×§×ךס, ×Öž×עך ××× ××Öž×× ×Ö· ××¢×עך ק×ךס ×€×× ×× ×§×֞ךךעק××Ö·××Ö·× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס.
1. ×ק×××
×× ×€ÖŒ×Öž×€ÖŒ×××ַך×××¢× ×€×× × ××Š× ××ַך×-ש××Ö·× ××××¥ ×ך××××× ×××××š× ××××£ NAND ××¢×× ×Öž××Öž×××¢ ××× ××Ö·×× ×¡×¢× ×עךס ××× ×§×¢×¡×××עך ×ך×Öž××× ×. ×× ×עך ××Ö·×× ×××֞ס ×§×¢× ×¢× ×××× ×עש××¢×× ××××£ ×Ö·××Ö· ×Ö· ××סק, ×× ×עך ×××עךק××Ö·× ××× ×Ö·××××××Ö·××××Ö·×× ×€×× ××× ×€Ö¿×֞ך××ַ׊××¢ ××¢×€ÖŒ×¢× ×ס ××××£ ×× ×š×××××Ö·××××Ö·×× ×€×× ×× ××××¥ ×€×֞ך ×××. ××Öž×ש ×× ×€×֞ךש××¢××× × ××¢× ×¢×€××¥ ×€×× SSDs ×××עך HDDs ××¢× ×¢× ××Ö·×××ס×, ×× ××ך××€×Ö·× ×§×¢×š×ַק×עך×ס××קס ×€×× ××××¥ ×ך××××× ××¢× ×¢× × ××©× ××¢××× × ×€×ךש××× ×¢×.
×× ××Ö·×× ×Š××עש××¢×× ×××š× ×€××ַש ××֌ך×× ××Ö·× ××Ö·×€×ַק××©×¢×š×¢×š× ××× ××××× ××××× ×עך×Ö·× ×××, ×Ö·××Ö· ××× ×× × ××עך ×€×× ××¢×§× ×¡××ק×Ö·×× ××××עך ×× ×××× ××× ××֞ך ×××Öž×š× ×××ס. ×××€ÖŒ×ש ×€×ךש××× × ×€×× ××¢× ×ַך××ס××¢×× ××× ×××××š× ××××£ ש×××××× ×××֞ס ×× ×עך×××× ×× ×š×××××Ö·××××Ö·×× ×€×× ××××¥ ×ך××××× ×××š× ×§×Ö·× ×ך×Öž××× ××Ö·××֞ך×Ö·××֞ך××¢ ×קס׀֌עך×Ö·××Ö·× ×¥ (××ש×, ×ַקסע×עך××××× ×¢× ×עך×Ö·× ×¡ ×עס××× ×). עס × ××Š× ×Ö· ק×××× × ××עך ×€×× ×š×Ö·× ××Ö·××× ×××ס×עק×××× ××¢×××סעס ×Š× ×€ÖŒ×š××××š× ×§×¢×× ×¡×× ××¢××ש ××עךק××Öž×××. עס ××× ×Ö· ×€×¢×× ×€×× ×€×֞ךש×× × ×€Ö¿×ַך××× ××× × ××Ö·××֞ך×Ö·××֞ך××¢ ׀֌ך××××š× ×š×¢×××××Ö·×× ×Š× ×× ×š×××××Ö·××××Ö·×× ×€×֞ךש××¢××× × ×€×× ××××¥ ×ך××××× ××× ×€×ַק××ש-×××¢×× × ×׊×.
×עך ×ַך×××§× ××× ××××××× ×š×¢×××××Ö·×× ×€×× ×Ö· ×€×¢×× ××¢×š× ×¢× ×€×× ×× ×š×××××Ö·××××Ö·×× ×€×× ××××¥ ×ך××××× ×××××š× ××××£ ××Ö·×× ××¢××××× ×××עך 6 ××֞ך ×€×× ×××עך ×֞׀֌עך×ַ׊××¢ ××× Google ××Ö·×× ×¡×¢× ×עךס. ×× ××Ö·×× ×§×Öž××עךס ×××××Ö·× × ×€×× ××¢× ×€×× ×ך×××× × ××Š× (×× ×€ÖŒ×× ×××¢× × ××עך ×€×× ×ך××××× ××× ××¢×××סעס ×××֞ס ××× × ××Š× ××× Google ס ק×Ö·× ×€×Ö·××¢× ×©×Ö·× ××× ×€Ö¿×֞ך××ַ׊××¢, ×Ö·××× ××ך ×§×¢× ×¢× × ××©× ×Š×ש××¢×× ×€ÖŒ×× ×××¢× × ××עך×. ×Öž×עך, ××ך ××¢× ×¢× ×××××ת ×Š× ××ַש××¢×××§× ×× ×¡××Ö·××ס××ש ××Ö·×××Ö·× ×€×× ×× ××Ö·×× ×Š××עש××¢×× ×Š× ××× ××), ×Š×¢× ×€×ַךש×××¢× ×¢ ××Öž××¢×ס ×€×× ××××¥ ×ך×××××, ×€×ַךש××× ×€××ַש-××¢×§× ×Ö·××Ö·××ש×× (MLC, eMLC ××× SLC) ××× ×©×€ÖŒ×Öž× ××¢×× ×Öž××Öž×××¢ ×€×× ââ24 ×Š× 50 × ×.
××ך ××¢××××× × ×× ××Ö·×× ×Š× ×Š×ש××¢×× ×Ö· ×עסעך ×€×ךש××× × ×€×× ×ַ׀֌עך××ש×Ö·× ×Ö·× ×š×××××Ö·××××Ö·×× ×€×× ××××¥ ××֌ך××. ××× ××Ö·××× ×עך, ××ך ×Ö·× ×Ö·××××× ×× ×€××××¢× ××¢ ×ַס׀֌עקץ ×€×× ×××× ×š×××××Ö·××××Ö·××:
- ×€×ַךש××× ×××׀֌ס ×€×× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס ×××֞ס ×€×Ö·×× ××× ××××¥ ××֌ך×× ××× ×× ×Öž×€×ק××Ö·× ×€×× ×××עך ×€ÖŒ×ַס×ך×× × ××× ××¢× ×€×¢×× (×Öž×€ÖŒ×××××× × 3).
- ××× ××¢×ת ק×ךס (RBER), ××× ×¢×¡ ××× ×ַ׀עק××Ö·× ×××š× ×¡×××ת ×Ö·××Ö· ××× ×ך×Öž××, ×€×֞ך ×¢××עך ××× ××עךק××Öž××, ××× ××× RBER ××× ×©××× ×Š× ×× ×עךע ×××׀֌ס ×€×× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס (×Öž×€ÖŒ×××××× × 4).
- ×× ×§×֞ךךעק××Ö·×××¢ עךך×֞ךס, ×××עך ×Öž×€×ק××Ö·× ××× ×× ××©×€ÖŒ×¢× ×€×× ×€×ַךש××× ×¡×××ת ××××£ ××× (×Öž×€ÖŒ×××××× × 5).
- ×€×¢×× ×§×¢×š×ַק×עך×ס××קס ×€×× ×€×ַךש××× ×××׀֌ס ×€×× ××Ö·×× ×××Ö·×š× ×€××××עך×, ×ַך××Ö·× ×עךע×× × ×§×Öž××€ÖŒ×עקס ×€××××עך×, ש׀֌×Öž× ×€×××××¢×š× ××× ××סק ×€×ַךך×××× ××× ×€×ַך×××Ö·× ×š×××¥ (סעקש×Ö·× 6).
- 5. ×€×ַך××××Ö·× ×€×× ×× ×š×××××Ö·××××Ö·×× ×€×× ×€×ַךש××× ××××¥ ××¢×§× ×Ö·××Ö·××ש×× (××ק, ×¢××ק, ס×ק ×ך×××××) (×Öž×€ÖŒ×××××× × 7) ××× ×€×ַך××××Ö·× ×€×× ×× ×š×××××Ö·××××Ö·×× ×€×× ×¡×¡× ××× ××× (×Öž×€ÖŒ×××××× × 8).
××ך ××Öž×× ××עך×Ö·×€××× ×Ö·× ××× ××עך ×Ö·× ×Ö·××ס×ס ך×××××× ×Ö· × ××עך ×€×× ×ַס׀֌עקץ ×€×× ×€××ַש ××֌ך×× ×š×××××Ö·××××Ö·×× ××× ××¢× ×€×¢×× ×××֞ס ××¢× ×¢× ×Ö·× ×עךש ×€×× ×× ×€××× ××× ×× ×€×× ×€×š××ַעך××ק ×ַך××¢×. ××ך ××Öž×€× ×Ö·× ××× ××עך ×ַך××¢× ×××¢× ××× ×¢× ××× ×Ö· ×× ×¡×¢× ××× ×€Ö¿×ַך ××××Ö·×עך ×€×֞ךש×× × ××× ××¢× ××¢×× ×.
××ש 1. קעך×ַק×עך×ס××קס ×€×× ×× ××Ö·××ש××× ×××֞ס ××Öž×× ×Öž× ×××× ××¢× ×××¢× ××× ×€×¢×× ×עסץ.
2. ××× ×עך×ך×× × ××× ×€Ö¿×֞ך××ַ׊××¢ ××××£ ××Ö·×× ××× ×¡×ס××¢××¢×
2.1. ×€××ַש ×ך×××××
××× ××עך ××¢×š× ×¢× ×× ×××Ö·×××× ×Ö·××עק-××¢×-×€ÖŒ×Öž××׊ע ××××-×€×֞ךש××¢××× × SSD ×ך××××× ×××××š× ××××£ ק×××¢×š×©×¢× ×עש××€× ××××¥ ×ש×׀֌ס, ×Öž×עך ××ך ××¢××××× × ×Ö· ×× ×× PCIe ׊×××× ×, ×× ×× ×€×ך××××ַךע ××× ×©×֞׀עך. ××ך ×€×Öž×ק××¡× ××××£ 2 ××ך×ת ×€×× ×ך×××××, ××× ×Ö·××¢ ×ך××××× ×€×× ×עך ××¢×××קעך ××ך × ××Š× ×× ××¢×××¢ ×××× ×ך××××עך ××× ×× ××¢×××¢ ×€×ך××××ַךע. ××¢× ×××× ×Ö·× ××× ×××× × ××Š× ×× ××¢×××¢ ××¢×ת קעךעקש×Ö·× ×§×Öž××× (ECC) ×Š× ××¢××¢×§× ××× ×€×ַךך×××× ×©××¢×× ×××× ××× ×× ××¢×××¢ ×ך×Öž×× ×××עקש×Ö·× ×Ö·××עך×××Ö·××. ×עך ××××€ÖŒ× ××××ק ׊××××©× ×€×֞ך ××Öž××¢×ס ×€×× ×עך ××¢×××קעך ××ך ××× ×× ×××€ÖŒ ×€×× ××֌ך×× ×©×€ÖŒ×Öž× ××¢× ×׊×.
××× ××עך ××¢×š× ×¢× ×€×Öž×ק××¡× ××××£ 10 ×€×֞ך ××Öž××¢×ס, ×× ××××€ÖŒ× ×§×¢×š×ַק×עך×ס××קס ×€×× ×××֞ס ××¢× ×¢× ××¢××××× ××× ××Ö·×××¢ 1. ××ך ×××ס×עק×××× ××Öž××¢×ס ×€×× ×€×ך ××Ö·× ××Ö·×€×ַק×שעךעך×, ××¢×עך ×€×× ×××֞ס ××× ×¢×××¢××¢ ×××××Öž× ××¢× ×€×× ×֞׀֌עך×ַ׊××¢, × ××Š× ×× ×ך×× ××¢×š×¡× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž×¡× ×××׀֌ס ×€×× ××××¥ ××֌ך×× (MLC, SLC, eMLC).
2.2. ××Ö·××Ö· ××¢× ×׊×
××ך ××¢××××× × ××Ö·×× ×€×× ××¢×××¢× ××Öž× ×××֞ך×× × ×€×× ××××¥ ×ך××××× ××× ××¢× ×€×¢×× ×××עך ×Ö· 6-××֞ך ׊××× ×€×× ×֞׀֌עך×ַ׊××¢. ××× ×עך׊×, ×€×ַךש××× ×××׀֌ס ×€×× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס ××¢× ×¢× ×עךע×× × ××¢×××¢×, ס××Ö·××ס××ק ××¢× ×¢× ×Š×× ×××€×עש××¢×× ××××£ ×× ×ַך××¢× ××ַסע, ×ַך××Ö·× ×עךע×× × ×× × ××עך ×€×× ×©×š×××× ××× ×עק×, ××× ×× × ××עך ×€×× ×©××¢×× ×××ַקס ×××֞ס ×€×Ö·×× ×××עך ××¢× ××Öž× ××× ×§×Ö·×ק××Ö·××××××. ×× × ××עך ×€×× ××××¢× ×¢×, שך××Ö·×× ××× ××¢×§× ×ַ׀֌עך××ש×Ö·× × ×ַך××Ö·× ×עךע×× × ×××××¢ ×× × ××עך ×€×× ××Ö·× ×׊עך ×ַ׀֌עך××ש×Ö·× × ××× ×× × ××עך ×€×× ×× ×¢×š××¢× ××× ×¡× ×ַ׀֌עך××ש×Ö·× × ×€Ö¿×ַך "×××¡× ××Ö·×××× ×". ךעק×֞ך×ס ××¢× ×¢× ×××× ××¢× ××Š× ×Š× ×š×¢×§×֞ך×××š× ×§×ַסעס ×€×× ×©×€ÖŒ×Öž× ××ך××€×Ö·×, ××× ××¢××× × ××× ×§×ַסעס ×€×× SSD ×€×ַךך×××× ×Öž×עך ×€×ַך×××Ö·×.
3. ׀֌ךע×××Ö·××Ö·× ×¡ ×€×× ×€×ַךש×××¢× ×¢ ×××׀֌ס ×€×× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס
××× ×¡ ×Öž× ××××× ××× ×¢×××¢××¢ ×קעך××ק ס××Ö·××ס××ק ×××¢×× ×× ×× ×¡×××Ö·× ×¡ ×€×× ×€×ַךש×××¢× ×¢ ×××׀֌ס ×€×× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס ××× ××¢× ×€×¢××. ××ך ××ס××××× ×Š××××©× ×ך×Ö·× ×¡×€ÖŒ×¢×š×Ö·× × ×¢×š×š×֞ךס, ×××֞ס ××¢× ×¢× × ××©× ××××¢×š×§× ×Š× ×עך ××Ö·× ×׊עך, ××× ×Öž××€ÖŒ××ק עךך×֞ךס, ×××֞ס ×ך×× × ××Ö·× ×׊עך ×ַ׀֌עך××ש×Ö·× × ×Š× ×€×ַך××Öž××. ×עך ××××¥ ×€×֞ך ×ך××××עך ך××€ÖŒ×֞ךץ ×× ×€××××¢× ××¢ ×××׀֌ס ×€×× ×ך×Ö·× ×¡×€ÖŒ×¢×š×Ö·× × ×¢×š×š×֞ךס:
קעךעק××Ö·××Ö·× ××¢×ת: ×עש×ַס ×Ö· ××××¢× ×¢× ×֞׀֌עך×ַ׊××¢, ×Ö· ××¢×ת ×××עק××Ö·× ××× ×§×¢×š×¢×§××Ö·× ×××š× ×× ××¢××××-××× ECC ××¢×ת קעךעקש×Ö·× ×€×× ×§×Š××¢.
- ××××¢× ×¢× ××¢×ת: ×Ö· ××¢×ת ×××֞ס ×Ö·×§×¢×š× ×עש×ַס ×× ××××¢× ×¢× ×€ÖŒ×š×֞׊עס (×€Ö¿×ַך ××֌ך×× ×Öž× × ××-ECC ××¢×ת קעךעקש×Ö·×), קעךעק××Ö·× ×××¢× ××××¢× ×¢× ××××עך;
- שך××× ××¢×ת: ×× ×©×š×××× ×֞׀֌עך×ַ׊××¢ ××× ××ך××עק×Öž×× ××× ×¡×ַקס×××Ö·× × ×Öž× ×Ö· ××××עך ׀֌ך×××ך×.
- ××¢×§× ××¢×ת: ×× ××¢×§× ×֞׀֌עך×ַ׊××¢ ××××£ ×× ×××֞ק ×€××××.
××××××ס×Ö·× ×××× ××ַך××× ×× ×€××××¢× ××¢ ×××׀֌ס ×€×× ×Öž××€ÖŒ××ק עךך×֞ךס:
- ×× ×§×֞ךךעק××Ö·×××¢ ××¢×ת: ×עך ×€×ך××ך×× ×××× ×€×Ö·×× ×עש×ַס ×× ×֞׀֌עך×ַ׊××¢ ××× ECC ×§×¢× ×¢× ×€×ַךך××××.
- ××¢×Š× ××××¢× ×¢× ××¢×ת: ×Ö· ××¢×ת ××¢×€ÖŒ××Öž× ××¢×š× ×שעת ××××¢× ×¢× ××× × ××©× ×§×¢×š×¢×§××Ö·× ×××š× ×š××€ÖŒ×××× ×€×š××××;
- ××¢×Š× ×©×š××Ö·×× ××¢×ת: ×Ö· ××¢×ת ×××֞ס ××× ×€×ך×עק×××¢× ×עש×ַס שך×××× ××× × ××©× ×§×¢×š×¢×§××Ö·× × ×Öž× ×š××€ÖŒ×××× ×€×š××××;
- ××¢××Ö·-××¢×ת ××¢××Ö·-××¢×ת: ××¢×ת ×ַקסעס×× × ×× ×¢×š××¢× ××סק ××¢××Ö·××Ö·××Ö·.
- ×××××Ö·×× ××¢×ת: ×× ×֞׀֌עך×ַ׊××¢ ×Ö·××֞ך××¥ × ×Öž× 3 סעק×× ×עס.
×× ×§×֞ךךעק××Ö·×××¢ עךך×֞ךס ×ַך××Ö·× × ×¢××¢× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס ×××֞ס ××¢× ×¢× ××¢×€ÖŒ××Öž× ××¢×š× ×עש×ַס ××Ö·× ×׊עך-×× ×ש×××××× ×ַ׀֌עך××ש×Ö·× × ×Öž×עך ×× ×¢×š××¢× ×××¡× ××Ö·×××× × ×ַ׀֌עך××ש×Ö·× ×, ×שעת ××¢×Š× ××××¢× ×¢× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס ×ַך××Ö·× × ×¢××¢× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס ××¢×€ÖŒ××Öž× ××¢×š× ×עש×ַס ××Ö·× ×׊עך ×ַ׀֌עך××ש×Ö·× ×.
××Ö·×עךק×× × ×Ö·× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס ×××Ö·×× ××× ×©××š×¢× ×ק××Ö·× ×€×× ×€ÖŒ×š×Ö·×. ××× ×Ö·××ש×Ö·× ×Š× ×× ××××ק ׊××××©× ×ך×Ö·× ×¡×€ÖŒ×¢×š×Ö·× × ××× ×Öž××€ÖŒ××ק עךך×֞ךס, ×× ×©××š×¢× ×ק××Ö·× ×€×× ×× ×Öž××€ÖŒ××ק עךך×֞ךס ××× ××עך××. ××× ××Ö·××× ×עך, ×¢×××¢××¢ ×€×× ââ×× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס (×€×Ö·××Ö·× ××××¢× ×¢× ××¢×ת, ×Ö·× ×š×ק×Ö·××עך×Ö·××Ö·× ××¢×ת, ××¢××Ö· ××¢×ת) ךע×××××Ö·× ××× ××Ö·×× ×Öž× ××עך ×××× ×× ×¡×ס××¢× ××× × ××©× ××Öž×× ××עך×ק××Ö·× ××× ××¢×עך ××¢×××¢×ס ××××Ö·× ×עך ××סק ×§×¢× × ××©× ×Š×ש××¢×× ×× ××Ö·× ×׊עך ×× ××Ö·×× ×××֞ס ××¢× ×¢× ×× ××¢× ×××¢× ×€Ö¿×ַך ס××֞ך×××ש.
××ך ××Öž×× ××××× ×עק××§× ××××£ ×ך××××× ×××֞ס ××¢× ×¢× ××׀ך××× ××× ××× ×ס×עך 4 ××֞ך ׊×ך×ק (eMLC ×ך××××× ××¢× ×¢× ××׀ך××× 3 ××֞ך ׊×ך×ק ××××Ö·× ××× ××¢× ×¢× ×Ö· × ××ַעך ×××€ÖŒ ×€×× ××××¥ ×€×֞ך) ××× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס ×××֞ס ××¢× ×¢× ×€×ך×עק×××¢× ××× ×עך עךש×עך 4 ××֞ך ×€×× × ×׊×. ××ש 2 ×××××× ×× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž×Š×¢× × ×€×× ×ך××××× ×€×× ××¢×עך ××Öž××¢× ×××֞ס ××¢× ×¢× ×¡×ַסע׀֌××Ö·××Ö·× ×Š× ×€×ַךש××× ×××׀֌ס ×€×× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס ×××× ×× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס ××¢× ×¢× ×€×ך×עק×××¢× ×××Ö· ××× ×ס×עך 1 ××Öž× (×עך ש׀֌××¥ ××¢××€× ×€×× ×× ××ש), ××× ×× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž×Š×¢× × ×€×× ××¢× ×€×× ×֞׀֌עך×ַ׊××¢ ×עש×ַס ×××֞ס ×× ×ך××××× ××¢× ×¢× ×¡×ַסע׀֌××Ö·××Ö·× ×Š× ×××עך ×××׀֌ס. ×€×× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס (×× ×Öž ××¢××€× ×€×× ×× ××ש).
××ש 2. ׀֌ךע×××Ö·××Ö·× ×¡ ×€×× ×€×ַךש×××¢× ×¢ ×××׀֌ס ×€×× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס. ×עך ××××עךש×עך ××¢××€× ×€×× ×× ××ש ×××××× ×× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž×€ÖŒ×֞ך׊××¢ ×€×× ââ××סקס ×××֞ס ××¢× ×¢× ×ַ׀עק××Ö·× ×××š× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס; ×עך × ××עך×קעך ××¢××€× ×××××× ×× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž×€ÖŒ×֞ך׊××¢ ×€×× ââ××¢× ××× ×××֞ס ××סקס ××¢× ×¢× ××¢× ××Š× ×עש×ַס ×××֞ס עךך×֞ךס ×€×× ×€×ַךש××× ×××׀֌ס ×€×ך×עק×××¢×.
3.1. ×Öž××€ÖŒ××ק עךך×֞ךס
××ך ×××××× ×Ö·× ×× ××¢×š×¡× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž×¡× ×Öž××€ÖŒ××ק עךך×֞ךס ××¢× ×¢× ××¢×Š× ××××¢× ×¢× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס, ×"× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס ×××֞ס ×§×¢× ×¢× × ×× ×××× ×§×¢×š×¢×§××Ö·× ×××š× ×š××€ÖŒ×××× × ×× ××××¢× ×¢× ×֞׀֌עך×ַ׊××¢. ××¢×€ÖŒ×¢× ××× × ××××£ ×× ×€×֞ך ××Öž××¢×, ××× ××× ×ס×עך 20-63% ×€×× ××¢×××סעס ×קס׀֌×ך××Ö·× ×¡× ××¢× ××¢×ת ××× 2-6 ××¢× ×€×× 1000 ××¢× ×€×× ××סק × ×׊×.
××ך ×€×Ö·×š×¢× ×××§× ×Ö·× ×× × ××עך ×€×× ××¢×Š× ××××¢× ×¢× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס ××× ××¢××¡× ×§×֞ך×Ö·×××××Ö·× ××× ×× × ××עך ×€×× ×Ö·× ×§×¢×š×¢×§××Ö·××Ö·× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס ××× ×Ö·× ×× ××¢×Š× ××××¢× ×¢× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס ×€×Ö·×× ××××× ××××Ö·× ×××¡× ×§×֞ך×׀֌׊××¢ ×§×¢× ×¢× × ×× ×××× ×§×¢×š×¢×§××Ö·× ×××š× ECC. ×€Ö¿×ַך ×Ö·××¢ ××סק ××Öž××¢×ס, ××¢×Š× ××××¢× ×¢× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס ×€×Ö·×× 2 ×֞ך×עךס ×€×× ××Ö·×× ×Ö·××× ×עך ×Öž×€× (×××××š× ××××£ ×× × ××עך ×€×× ××¢× ×× ××סקס ××¢× ×¢× ××× × ××Š× ×××¢× ×× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס ×€×ך×עק×××¢×) ××× ×§××× ×× ×עךע ×××€ÖŒ ×€×× ×Öž××€ÖŒ××ק ××¢×ת.
× ×× ×¢× ××¢× ××××¢× ×¢× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס, שך××Ö·×× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס ך×ַךע×× ×××¢×š× ×Öž××€ÖŒ××ק עךך×֞ךס. ××¢×€ÖŒ×¢× ××× × ××××£ ×× ××Öž××¢×, ××××× 1,5-2,5% ×€×× ××סקס ××Öž×× ×קס׀֌×ך××Ö·× ×¡× ×Ö· ש××¢× ××ק שך××Ö·×× ××¢×ת ××× 1-4 ××¢× ×€×× 10000 ××¢× ×€×× × ×׊×, ×.×. ×Ö· ××ך××€×Ö·× ×©×š×××× ×֞׀֌עך×ַ׊××¢ ×××֞ס ××× × ××©× ×§×¢×š×¢×§××Ö·× × ×Öž× ×š××€ÖŒ×××× ×€×š××××. ×עך ××××ק ××× ××¢×Š× ××××¢× ×¢× ××× ×©×š××Ö·×× ××¢×ת ך×××¥ ××× ×סת֌×× ×š×¢×× ×Š× ××¢× ×€×Ö·×§× ×Ö·× ×Ö· ××ך××€×Ö·× ×©×š×××× ×֞׀֌עך×ַ׊××¢ ××× ×€×©×× ×§×¢×š×¢×§××Ö·× ×××š× ×©×š×××× ×× ×עךש ××××£ ×× ××סק ×Š× ×Ö· ××¢×× × ××× ×עש×Öž××¢× ××××. ×Ö·××× ××Öž×ש ×Ö· ××ך××€×Ö·× ×€×× ××××¢× ×¢× ×֞׀֌עך×ַ׊××¢ ×§×¢× ×××× ××¢×€Ö¿××š× ×××š× ××××× ×Ö· ×××¡× ×©××¢×× ××××, ×Ö· ש××¢× ××ק שך××Ö·×× ××ך××€×Ö·× ×× ××ק×××¥ ×Ö· ×ךעסעךע ××Ö·×× ×××Ö·×š× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž×××¢×.
××¢××Ö· עךך×֞ךס ×€×Ö·×× ××× ×Ö· ק×ךס ×€×ַך××××Ö·×××¢× ×Š× ×× ×€×× ×©×š××Ö·×× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס, ×Öž×עך ××××עך ×€×× ××××× ×קעך ×Öž×€× ××× ××¢×Š× ××××¢× ×¢× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס. ××֞ס ××× × ××©× ××××ש ××××Ö·× ×עך ××סק ×ÖŒ××× ×€×× ××××× ×קעך ××¢××Ö·××Ö·××Ö· ××× ×× ×¡×××¢ ×€×× ââ×€×ַק××ש ××Ö·××, ך×××ס×× × ×× ×× ×¡×××Ö·× ×¡ ×€×× ××¢××Ö·××Ö·××Ö· ×ַקסעס עךך×֞ךס. ×× ×עךע × ××-×ך×Ö·× ×¡×€ÖŒ×¢×š×Ö·× × ×¢×š×š×֞ךס (×××××Ö·×× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס ××× ×¢× ×׀עך עךך×֞ךס) ××¢× ×¢× ××Ö·× ×¥ ××¢××× ××× ×××€ÖŒ×ק×× ××××š×§× ××××× ×קעך ××× 1% ×€×× ××סקס ××× 1 ××Öž× ×€×× 100 ××¢× ×€×× ××סק ××¢××.
3.2. ×ך×Ö·× ×¡×€ÖŒ×¢×š×Ö·× × ×¢×š×š×֞ךס
× ×× ×¡×ַ׀֌ך××××× ×××, קעךעק××Ö·××Ö·× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס ××¢× ×¢× ×× ××¢×š×¡× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž×¡× ×××€ÖŒ ×€×× ×ך×Ö·× ×¡×€ÖŒ×¢×š×Ö·× × ××¢×ת. ×ÖŒ××¢× ×Ö·××¢ ×ך××××× ××Öž×× ××€ÖŒ××ת ×Ö· ×××¡× ×§×¢×š×¢×§××Ö·××Ö·× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס, ×××֞ס ×€×Ö·×× ×עש×ַס ×× ×עך×××× ×€×× ×× ××¢×× ×€×× ×× ×€×֞ך (61-90%). ××¢×ת קעךעקש×Ö·× ×, ×ַך××Ö·× ×עךע×× × ×××¡× ××¢×ת ק×ךס (RBER) ש××××××, ××¢× ×¢× ××סק×Ö·×¡× ××× ×עך ××¢××Ö·× ××× ×Öž×€ÖŒ×××××× × 4 ×€×× ××¢× ×ַך××ק×.
×× ××××Ö·×עך ××¢×š×¡× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž×¡× ×ך×Ö·× ×¡×€ÖŒ×¢×š×Ö·× × ××¢×ת ×××׀֌ס ××¢× ×¢× ×©×š××Ö·×× ××× ××¢×§× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס. ×××€ÖŒ×ק×Ö·××× ××× ×€×Ö·×× ××× 6-10% ×€×× ×ך×××××, ×Öž×עך ×€Ö¿×ַך ×¢×××¢××¢ SSD ××Öž××¢×ס ××× ×עך×ך×××× 40-68%. ××× ×š××Ö¿ ק×ַסעס, ×Ö·××Ö· עךך×֞ךס ×€×Ö·×× ××××× ×קעך ××× 5 ××¢× ×€×× 10 ××¢× ×€×× ×֞׀֌עך×ַ׊××¢. ×××× ××× ××עך ×€×֞ךש×× ×, שך××Ö·×× ××× ××¢×§× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס ×Öž× ××××Ö·×× ×××֞ק שע××ק×; ××¢× ×ַך××ס××¢×× ××× ××סק×Ö·×¡× ××× ××¢××Ö·× ××× ×Öž×€ÖŒ×××××× × 000.
עךך×֞ךס ×××֞ס ×€×Ö·×× ×עש×ַס ××××¢× ×¢× ×ַ׀֌עך××ש×Ö·× × ××¢× ×¢× ××××× ×קעך ׀֌ך×Öž×¡× ××× ×ך×Ö·× ×¡×€ÖŒ×¢×š×Ö·× × ×¢×š×š×֞ךס, ××ס××Öž××¢ ××××Ö·×, ×Ö·×××¥ ××××£-××¢×-×€×××¢× ××¢×ת קעךעקש×Ö·× × ××Š× ECC, ×× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž×××¢× ××× × ××©× ×§×¢×š×¢×§××Ö·× ×××š× ×š××€ÖŒ×××× ×ַ׀֌עך××ש×Ö·× ×. ××¢×š×¢× ×××§× ××××¢× ×¢× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס, ×"× ××××¢× ×¢× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס ×××֞ס ×§×¢× ×¢× ×××× ×§×¢×š×¢×§××Ö·× ×××š× ×š××ך×××, ×€×Ö·×× ××× ××××× ×קעך ××× 2% ×€×× ×ך××××× ××× ×ע׊××¢ ××××× ×קעך ××× 2-8 ××¢× ×€×× 100000 ××¢× ×€×× ××סק ××¢××.
××× ×Ö· ךע×××××Ö·×, ××× ×Ö·××ש×Ö·× ×Š× ×§×¢×š×¢×§××Ö·××Ö·× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס ×××֞ס ×€×Ö·×× ××× ×Ö· ×ך××ס × ××עך ×€×× ××¢× ×€×× ××סק ××¢××, ×ך×Ö·× ×¡×€ÖŒ×¢×š×Ö·× × ×¢×š×š×֞ךס ×€×Ö·×× ××××× ×קעך ×Öž×€× ×§×Ö·××€ÖŒ×¢×š× ××× ×Ö·××¢ ×××׀֌ס ×€×× ×Öž××€ÖŒ××ק עךך×֞ךס. ×× ××¢×š×¡× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž×¡× ×××€ÖŒ ×€×× ×Öž××€ÖŒ××ק עךך×֞ךס ××¢× ×¢× ×Ö·× ×§×¢×š×¢×§××Ö·××Ö·× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס, ×××֞ס ×€×Ö·×× 2-6 ××¢× ×€×× 1000 ××¢× ×€×× ××סק ××¢××.
4. ×××¡× ××¢×ת ק×ךס (RBER)
× × ×֞ך××Ö·× ××¢×ך×ק ××¢× ××Š× ×Š× ×֞׀֌ש×Ö·×Š× ×× ×š×××××Ö·××××Ö·×× ×€×× ××××¥ ×ך××××× ××× ×× ×€×֞ך ס ×××¡× ××¢×ת ק×ךס (RBER), ×××€××× × ××× ×× ×€×ַך××¢×××¢× ×ש ×€×× ×× × ××עך ×€×× ×©××¢×× ×××× ×Š× ×× × ××עך ×€×× ×××× ××××¢× ×¢× (×ַך××Ö·× ×עךע×× × ×§×ַסעס ×€×× ×××××¢ קעךעק××Ö·××Ö·× ××× ×Ö·× ×§×¢×š×¢×§××Ö·××Ö·× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס).
×× ×Š××××××¢ ××ך ×€×× ×ך××××× (××Öž××¢×ס eMLC-A ××× eMLC-B) ××× ×× ×€ÖŒ×× ×××¢× × ××עך ×€×× ×××× ×€×ך××ך×× ××× ×××× ××××¢× ×¢×, ×Ö·××Ö·××× × ××× ×× ×Š× ××ַש××××¢× ×× RBER ××× ×××× ×ַק×עך×ַס×.
×עך עךש×עך ××ך ×€×× ×ך××××× ×š××€ÖŒ×֞ךץ ×× ×€ÖŒ×× ×××¢× × ××עך ×€×× ×××× ××××¢× ×¢×, ×Öž×עך ×€Ö¿×ַך ××¢×עך ×××Ö·× ×€×× 16 ××Ö·×× ×××ַקס, ××××× ×× ××Ö·×× ×××֞ק ×××֞ס ××× ×× ××¢×š×¡× ×€×ך××ך×× ×××× ××× ×š×¢×€ÖŒ×֞ך××¢× ××× ×× × ××עך ×€×× ×€×ך××ך×× ××××. ×עך ךע×××××Ö·×, ××× ×× ×¢×š×ס×-×€×Ö·× ×¡××Ö·××ס××ש ×€×Ö·× ××× ×Ö·××¢ ×××ַקס ×Ö·× ×××Ö·××× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס ××× ×× × ××עך ×€×× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס ××× ×× ××¢×××¢, ×× RBER ×€×ַך××¢×××¢× ×ש ×§×¢× ×¢× ×××× 16 ××× ××¢×עך ××× ×× ×§×ךס ××ק×××¢× ×€×× ×× ××סק ××¢××× × ××ַך×××.
×עך ×ַך××ס××¢×× ××× × ××©× ×Ö· ×ך××ס ××Ö·× ×××¢× ××× ××Ö·× × ××× ×× ×€×ַך××××Ö·× ××× ×Š××××©× ×ך××××× ×€×× ×עך ××¢×××קעך ××ך, ×Öž×עך עס ××Öž× ×××× ××¢× ×××¢× ××× ×ש××× ×××¢× ×§×Ö·×׀֌עך×× × ×ך××××× ×€×× ×€×ַךש×××¢× ×¢ ××ך×ת.
××ש 3. ק×׊עך RBER ×××¡× ××¢×ת ק×ךס ×€Ö¿×ַך ×€×ַךש××× ×¡×¡× ××Öž××¢×ס.
4.1. ××××-××ך×× ××Ö·×ך×Ö·×××× × ×€×× RBER
××Ö·×××¢ 3 ×××××× ×× ×××××Ö·× ×š×עך ×€Ö¿×ַך ××¢×עך ×€×֞ך ××Öž××¢× ×€Ö¿×ַך ×Ö·××¢ ×ך××××× ××× ××¢× ××Öž××¢×, ××× ××¢××× × ××× ×× 95 ××× 99 ×€ÖŒ×¢×š×¡×¢× ×××××. ××ך ××Öž×× ×××ס×עך×××××× ×Š× ×ַך××¢×× ××× ××¢×××Ö·× ×¡ ××× ×€ÖŒ×¢×š×¡×¢× ××××× ××××Ö·× ××ך ××¢×€Ö¿×× ×¢× ×Ö·××ך×××ש×× ×Š× ×××× ××¢××¡× ××××Ö·×¡× ×××š× ×¢×××¢××¢ ×Ö·×××××עך×, ×××֞ס ×××× ×¢×¡ ש××עך ×Š× ×××¢× ×××€×׊××š× ××š×¢× ×ס.
××ך ××¢× ×ך××ס ××׀עך×Ö·× ×¡×× ××× RBER ׊××××©× ×€×ַךש×××¢× ×¢ ×€×֞ך ××Öž××¢×ס, ך××× ××ש×× × ×€×× 5.8e-10 ×Š× ×עך ××× 3e-08 ×€Ö¿×ַך עךש×עך ××ך ×ך×××××. ×× ××׀עך×Ö·× ×¡×× ××¢× ×¢× ××€××× ×ךעסעך ×××¢× ××ך ×××× × ××©× ××× ×× ×××××Ö·× ×š×עך ××עך×, ×Öž×עך ××××£ ×× 95 ×Öž×עך 99 ׀֌ך×Öž×Š×¢× ×. ׊×× ×××ש׀֌××, ×× 99 ׀֌ך×Öž×Š×¢× × ×š×עך ך××× ××ש×Ö·× ×€×× 2.2e-08 ×€Ö¿×ַך ×× SLC - B ××Öž××¢× ×Š× 2.7e-05 ×€Ö¿×ַך ×× MLC-D ××Öž××¢×. ××€××× ××× ×Ö· ש××š× ×€×× ×ך××××× ×€×× ×עך ××¢×××קעך ××Öž××¢×, עס ××× ×ך××ס ××עך×××ש×Ö·×: ×× RBER ×€×× ×Ö· ×€×֞ך ××× ×× 99 ×€ÖŒ×¢×š×¡×¢× ××× ××¢× ×× ×Š× ×××× ×××Ö· ××× ×ס×עך ×Ö· ס×ך ×€×× ××Ö·×× ×Ö·××× ×ךעסעך ××× ×× ×××××Ö·× RBER ×€×× ×Ö· ×€×֞ך ×€×× ×עך ××¢×××קעך ××Öž××¢×.
×× ××××ק ××× RBER ׊××××©× ××Öž××¢×ס ×§×¢× ×¢× ×××× ×××× ×עךק××¢×š× ×××š× ××׀עך×Ö·× ×¡×× ××× ×× ×Ö·× ×עך××××× × ××××¥ ××¢×× ×Öž××Öž×××¢. ×× RBER ×××¢×š× ×€×× MLC ××Öž××¢×ס ××× ××¢×עך ××× ×× ×€×× SLC ××Öž××¢×ס, ×Ö·××× ×× ××¢×עך ׀֌ך××Ö·× ×€×× SLC ××Öž××¢×ס × ×¢×× ××× ×ש××× ×× × ××עך×קעך RBER ××עך×. ××× ×Öž×€ÖŒ×××××× × 5 ×€×× ××¢× ×ַך××ק×, ××ך ×××¢×× ××¢× ××× ×× ××׀עך×Ö·× ×¡×× ×××עך××¢×Š× ××× ××׀עך×Ö·× ×¡×× ××× ×Öž××€ÖŒ××ק עךך×֞ךס ×§×¢× ××ק ×Š× ×עך ××Ö·× ×׊עך.
eMLC ××Öž××¢×ס ××ַך××× RBERs ×××֞ס ××¢× ×¢× ×֞ך×עךס ×€×× ××Ö·×× ×Ö·××× ××¢×עך ××× ×× ×עךע ×€×֞ך ××Öž××¢×ס. ××€××× ××¢× ×××¢× ××× ×ש××× ×Ö·× ×× RBER ×€×× ×¢×š×©×עך-××ך ×ך××××× ××× ×× ×¢×š××¡× ×€×Ö·× ×§×¢× ×¢× ×××× 16 ××× ××¢×עך, ×× ××××ס××× × ×§×Öž××Ö·×€×ש×Ö·× × ××××ק ××× ×Ö· ס×ך ×€×× ××Ö·×× ×Ö·××× ×ךעסעך. ××ך ××Öž×©×¢× ×Ö·× ×¢×¡ ××× ×Ö· ×ך××ס ×€×ַק××֞ך ××× ×©×€ÖŒ××, ××××Ö·× ×× ×Š×××× eMLC ××Öž××¢×ס ××Öž×× ×× ×§××¢× ×¡×עך ××קך×Öž×¢×עק×ך×Öž× ×ש ×××××Öž×ך×Ö·×€× ×ש×׀֌ס ×€×× ×Ö·××¢ ×× ×× ×עךע ×€×֞ך ××Öž××¢×ס.
׊×× ×¡××£, עס ××× × ××©× ×Ö· ×××× ×€×Ö·×ך×ק×Ö·× × ×××¢××¢× ×¡ ׀֌ך×Öž××ק×× ××Öž×× ×Ö·××××Ö·× ××××ש×× ×××עך ×× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž××ק×× ×€×× ×× ×עךע ××Ö·× ××Ö·×€×ַק×שעךעך×. ××× ×× SLC ××× eMLC ×€×֞ך ×ך×׀֌ע, ×עך ××¢×××קעך ×€×ַךק××׀עך ×ך××× ×××××¢ ×××× ×¢×š ×€×× ×× ×¢×š××¡× ××× ×××× ×¢×š ×€×× ×× ×עס×עך ××Öž××¢×ס ××× ×עך ×ך×׀֌ע.
××× ×Ö·×××¢××××, RBER ××עך×× ×××עך ׊××××©× ×€×ַךש×××¢× ×¢ ×€×֞ך ××Öž××¢×ס, ××× ××¢××× × ××× ×Š××××©× SDDs ×€×× ×עך ××¢×××קעך ××Öž××¢×. ××֞ס ××Öž×××Ö·×××××¥ ××× ×× ×Š× ××××Ö·×עך ××¢×š× ×¢× ×× ×¡×××ת ×××֞ס ×× ×€×××Ö·× ×¡×× × ×š×עך.
4.2. ×××֞ס ס×××ת ××××š×§× ×× RBER ××עך×
××× ××¢× ×Öž×€ÖŒ×××××× × ××ך ×××¢×× ×§××§× ××× ×× ×€ÖŒ×š×Ö·× ××××£ RBER ×€×× ×Ö· × ××עך ×€×× ×¡×××ת:
- ×ך×Öž×× ××¢×€Ö¿××š× ×××š× ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž×ך×Ö·× / ××¢×§× (׀֌ע) ס××ק×Ö·××;
- ×ש×××ת ×¢××עך, ×"× ×× × ××עך ×€×× ××ש×× ×עש×ַס ×××֞ס ×× ×××× ××× ×ַ׀֌עך××××Ö·× ××× ××¢× ×€×¢××, ך×Ö·××ַך×××ַס ×€×× ×€ÖŒ×¢ ס××ק×Ö·××;
- ××עךק××Öž××, ××¢××ס×× ×××š× ×× × ××עך ×€×× ××××¢× ×¢×, שך××Ö·×× ××× ××¢×§× ×ַ׀֌עך××ש×Ö·× ×, ××× ××¢××× × ××× ×× × ××עך ×€×× ×ַ׀֌עך××ש×Ö·× × ×€ÖŒ×¢×š ×××Ö·× ×××֞ס ×§×¢× ×€ÖŒ×Ö·××¢× ×ש×Ö·×× ×©×¢×××§× ×ַך×××ק ××֌ך×× ×¡×¢××;
- ×× ×××Ö·×××Ö·× ×€×× ×× ×עךע ×××׀֌ס ×€×× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס.
××ך ××Öž×× ××ך××עק×Öž×× ×× ××©×€ÖŒ×¢× ×€×× ××¢×עך ×€×ַק××֞ך ××××£ RBER ××× ×Š×××× ×€×ַךש×××¢× ×¢ ×××¢××. ××ך ××¢××××× × ××××ש×Ö·×××Ö·× ××Öž×× ×××š× ×€ÖŒ××Ö·××× × ×× ××©×€ÖŒ×¢× ×€×× ×¡×××ת ××××£ RBER ××× ××××Ö·××Ö·× × ×§×××Ö·× ××××Ö·×××××¢ ×× ××ק×Ö·××֞ךס ×€×× ×עך ××©×€ÖŒ×¢× × ××Š× ×× ×§×֞ך×Ö·×××ש×Ö·× ×§×Öž××Ö·×€×ש×Ö·× ×. ××ך ××¢××××× × ×× Spearman ך×Ö·× × ×§×֞ך×Ö·×××ש×Ö·× ×§×Öž××Ö·×€×ש×Ö·× × ××××Ö·× ×¢×¡ ×§×¢× ×¢× ××Ö·×€ÖŒ× ××Ö·× ×Ö·××Ö·× ×ק × ××-××× ×¢×ַך ××׊××× ××¢× ××× × ×Ö·× ×€ÖŒ×ַך×Ö·××¢×ך×ק ××¢×××Öž×ס, × ×× ×¢× ××¢×, ××ש×, ×× Pearson ק×֞ך×Ö·×××ש×Ö·× ×§×Öž××Ö·×€×ש×Ö·× ×.
××××עך ×Ö·× ×Ö·×××××× × ×× ×××× ×¡×××ת ××× ××¢××Ö·×, ××ך ××ש××€× ×Ö· ק×׊עך ×ך×Ö·×€×ק, ××¢××××× ××× ×€×××ךע 1.
ך××ס. 1. ×Öž×€×¢× ××ק××Ö·× ×€×× ×¡×€ÖŒ×¢×ַך××Ö·× ×¡ ך×× ×§×֞ך×Ö·×××ש×Ö·× ×§×Öž××Ö·×€×ש×Ö·× × ×Š××××©× ×× RBER ×××¢×š× ×עש×ַס ×Ö· ×××ש ×€×× ××סק ×֞׀֌עך×ַ׊××¢ ××× ×× ×עךע ס×××ת.
××֞ס ×××××× ×× ×©××××ת ׊××××©× Spearman ס ך×× ×§×֞ך×Ö·×××ש×Ö·× ×§×Öž××Ö·×€×ש×Ö·× × ×Š××××©× ×× RBER ×××¢×š× ×עש×ַס ×Ö· ×××ש ×€×× ××סק ××¢×× ××× ×¡×××ת ×Ö·××Ö· ××× ×× × ××עך ×€×× ×€×š××ַעך××ק ׀֌ע ס××ק×Ö·××, ×× × ××עך ×€×× ××××¢× ×¢×, שך×××× ×Öž×עך ×ך××ס×× ××× ××¢× ×××ש, ×× RBER ×××¢×š× ××× ×× ×€×š×עך××קע ×××ש. , ××× ×× × ××עך ×€×× ×× ×§×֞ךךעק××Ö·×××¢ עךך×֞ךס (UE) ××× ××¢× ×××ש. ×× ×€×š×עך××קע ×××ש. ×× ×××¢×š× ×€×× ×¡×€ÖŒ×¢×ַך××Ö·× ×¡ ך×× ×§×֞ך×Ö·×××ש×Ö·× ×§×Öž××Ö·×€×ש×Ö·× × ×§×¢× ×¢× ×××Ö·×× ×€×× -1 (ש××ַךק × ×¢××Ö·×××× ×§×֞ך×Ö·×××ש×Ö·×) ×Š× +1 (ש××ַךק positive ק×֞ך×Ö·×××ש×Ö·×).
××¢×עך ×ך×׀֌ע ×€×× ââ××Ö·××¢×ס ××××Ö·×× ×× ×§×֞ך×Ö·×××ש×Ö·× ×§×Öž××Ö·×€×ש×Ö·× ×¥ ׊××××©× RBER ××× ×××× ×¡×€ÖŒ×¢×Š××€×ש ×€×ַק××֞ך (××¢× ×× ×ך×Ö·× ×¡×§×š××€ÖŒ× ×€×× X-×ַקס), ××× ×× ×€×ַךש×××¢× ×¢ ××Ö·××¢×ס ××× ××¢×עך ×ך×׀֌ע ש××××¢× ×Š× ×€×ַךש×××¢× ×¢ ×€×֞ך ××Öž××¢×ס. ×Ö·××¢ ק×֞ך×Ö·×××ש×Ö·× ×§×Öž××Ö·×€×ש×Ö·× ×¥ ×€×ַך××× ×¢× ×עך ××× 95% ×××××.
××ך ××עך×Ö·×€××× ×Ö·× ×Ö·××¢ ס×××ת ×Ö·×××¥ ×× ×€ÖŒ×ַס×ך×× × ×€×× ×Ö·× ×§×¢×š×¢×§××Ö·××Ö·× ×¢×š×š×֞ךס ××× ×× ×€×š×עך××קע ×××ש ××××Ö·×× ×Ö· ק××֞ך ש××××ת ××× RBER, ××€ÖŒ××ת ×€Ö¿×ַך ×¢×××¢××¢ ××Öž××¢×ס. ××ך ×××× ××××¢×š×§× ×Ö·× ×¢×××¢××¢ ×€×× ââââ×× ××׊××× ××¢× ×§×¢× ×××× ×€×Ö·×ש ××××Ö·× ×¢×××¢××¢ ס×××ת ×§×¢× ×××× ×§×֞ך×Ö·×××××Ö·× ××× ××¢×עך ×× ×עךע, ×Ö·××× ××ך ××××Ö·××Ö·× × ××¢×עך ×€×ַק××֞ך ××× ×עך ××¢××Ö·× ××× ×עך ××××Ö·×עך ס×Ö·×סעקש×Ö·×.
4.2.1. ך×עך ××× ×ך×Öž××
××× × ×× ×¢× ×עך×Ö·× ×¡ ×€×× ×Ö· ××××¥ ××֌ך×× ×Š×¢× ××× ××××××¢×, RBER ×× ×§×š×ס×× ××× ×× ×§×š×ס×× × ×€ÖŒ×š×Öž×ך×Ö·× / ××¢×§× (PE) ס××ק×Ö·××. ×× ×××× ×§×֞ך×Ö·×××ש×Ö·× ×§×Öž××Ö·×€×ש×Ö·× ×¥ ׊××××©× RBER ××× PE ס××ק×Ö·×× ××× ×€×××ךע 2 ׊×ש××¢×× ××Öž×× ×€×× ×××עך ש××××ת.
ך××ס. 2. ×Öž×€×¢× ××ק××Ö·× ×€×× ×××××Ö·× ××× 95 ×€ÖŒ×¢×š×¡×¢× ××× ×š×עך ××××£ ×× × ××עך ×€×× ×€ÖŒ×¢ ס××ק×Ö·××.
×€×××ךע 2 ×Ö·××Ö·×× ××× ×× ×Š× ×× ×עך×××× ××× ×עך ××¢××Ö·× ×× ×Öž×€×¢× ××ק××Ö·× ×€×× ×× ×××××Ö·× ××× 95 ×€ÖŒ×¢×š×¡×¢× ××× ×š×עך ××××£ ×× × ××עך ×€×× ×€ÖŒ×¢ ס××ק×Ö·××. ××ך ×עך××××× ×× ×€ÖŒ××Ö·×¥ ×××š× ××××××××× × ×Ö·××¢ ×× ×€×֞ך ××¢× ××× ××× ××עך ××Ö·×× ×××עך ×× ×€×ַךש×××¢× ×¢ ק×Ö·× ×××× ×¢×š× ×××××š× ××××£ ×××עך ׀֌ע ׊××§× ×§×Ö·×× ×¥, ××× ××Ö·× ××ש×××¡× ×× ×××××Ö·× ××× 95 ׀֌ך×Öž×Š×¢× × RBER ×××עך ×Ö·××¢ ×ַ׀֌עך××ש×Ö·× ×Ö·× ××¢× ××× ××¢× ×§×Ö·× ×××× ×¢×š.
××× ×עך×××ַך×, ××ך ××עך×Ö·×€××× ×Ö·× RBER ×× ×§×š×ס×× ××× ×× ×§×š×ס×× × × ××עך ×€×× ×€ÖŒ×¢ ס××ק×Ö·××, ×××××¢ ××× ×עך××× ×¢× ×€×× ×××××Ö·× ××× 95 ׀֌ך×Öž×Š×¢× ××× RBER. ×Öž×עך, ×עך ×××֌קס ק×ךס ××× ×¡××Öž×עך ××× ×× ×××€ÖŒ×ק×× ×× ××¢× ×××¢× ×¢×§×¡×€ÖŒ×Öž×× ×¢× ×©×Ö·× ×××֌קס ××× ×עך ×¢× × ×š×××¢×××Ö·×× ×Ö· ××× ×¢×ַך ×€×ַך×ךעסעך×. ××ך ×עס××¢× ××¢× ×Öž×סעך×××ַ׊××¢ ×××š× ××ס×××× ×€ÖŒ×ַס×: ××ך ×€ÖŒ×ַס×ק ×Ö· ××× ×¢×ַך ××Öž××¢× ××× ×Ö· עקס׀֌×Öž×× ×¢× ×©×Ö·× ××Öž××¢× ×Š× ×× ××Ö·×× ××× ××¢×€Ö¿×× ×¢× ×Ö·× ×× ××× ×¢×ַך ××Öž××¢× ×€ÖŒ×ַס×ק ×עסעך ××× ×× ×¢×§×¡×€ÖŒ×Öž×× ×¢× ×©×Ö·× ××Öž××¢×.
×× ×Š××××××¢ ×ש×ק×Ö·×××¢ ×Öž×סעך×××ַ׊××¢ ××× ×Ö·× ×ך×Öž×× RBERs ×××Ö·×× ×××××××ק ׊××××©× ×€×ַךש×××¢× ×¢ ××סק ××Öž××¢×ס, ××€××× ×Š××××©× ×× ××Öž××¢×ס ×××֞ס ××Öž×× ×××עך ×¢× ××¢× RBER ×××Ö·××עס ×€Ö¿×ַך × ××עך×ק ׀֌ע ס××ק×Ö·××. ×€Ö¿×ַך ×××ַש׀֌××, ×€×ך MLC ××Öž××¢×ס ××¢×××€× ××× ×ÖŒ××¢× ××××¢× ×ק×Ö·× RBER ××× ×××עך × ××עך×ק ׀֌ע ס××ק×Ö·××, ×Öž×עך ×××¢× ××× ×š×××©× ×× PE ׊××§× ×©××¢×ך (3,000 ×€Ö¿×ַך ×Ö·××¢ MLC ××Öž××¢×ס), עס ××× ××¢×××¢× ×Ö· 4-×€×ַך××××× ××××ק ׊××××©× ×× ××¢×ס×× ××× ××Öž××Ö·×¡× ××Öž××¢× RBER.
׊×× ×¡××£, ××ך ××¢×€×× ×¢× ×Ö·× ×× ×€×ַך××š×¢×¡×¢×š× ××× RBER ×Ö·×§×¢×š× ×š×××ַךק×Ö·××× ×¡×××××, ××€××× ×××¢× ×× ××סק קך×֞ס×× ×× ×עך×××Ö·×š× ×¡××£-×€××-××¢×× ×©××š× (××¢×, ×€Ö¿×ַך ×××ַש׀֌××, ×× MLC-D ××Öž××¢× ××× ×Ö· ש××¢×ך ׊××§× ×€×× PE = 3000). ××Ö·×עךק×× × ×Ö·× ×ַקסע×עך××××× ××¢××עך ×עסץ ××¢××××× ×Ö· ××× ×€×ַך××š×¢×¡×¢×š× ××× RBER ××××× × ×Öž× ×š××ש×× × 3 ××× ×× ×€ÖŒ×¢ ׊××§× ×©××¢×ך ××ַש×××× ×××š× ×× ×××× ×€×Ö·×ך×ק×Ö·× ×, ×××֞ס ס×Ö·×××שעסץ ×Ö·× ×××¢× ××֞ךס ××¢× ×¢× ×××עך ק×Öž× ×¡×¢×š×××Ö·×××××¢ ××× ×ש×××× × ×× PE ׊××§× ×©××¢×ך.
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