ื ื™ื• ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืกืขื ื˜ืขืจืก - ืžื™ืจ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื ืึทื•ื ืกื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžื•ืœื˜ื™-ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืงืคึผื•ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืœืื‘ืืœืข ืžืึทื ื™ืึทืคืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจืขืจื–.

ื ื™ื• ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืกืขื ื˜ืขืจืก - ืžื™ืจ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื ืึทื•ื ืกื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
/ ืคืึธื˜ืึธ ืกื˜ืึทืงืก PD

48 ืงืึธืจืขืก

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ 2018, Intel ืžื•ื“ื™ืข ืงืึทืกืงืึทื“ืข-ืึทืคึผ ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ. ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจื– ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 48 ืงืึธืจืขืก, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืžื•ืœื˜ื™-ืฉืคึผืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืœื™ื™ื’ ืื•ืŸ 12 ื˜ืฉืึทื ืึทืœื– ืคื•ืŸ DDR4 DRAM. ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึท ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœืขืœื™ื–ืึทื, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืœืงืŸ. ื“ื™ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ Cascade-AP ืื™ื– ืกืงืขื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ 2019.

ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ 48-ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจื– ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื‘ื ืžื™ื˜ ืกืึทืžืกื•ื ื’. ื–ื™ื™ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืก ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ POWER10. ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ OpenCAPI 4.0 ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ NVLink 3.0 ื•ื™ื˜ืึธื‘ื•ืก. ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ ืžื™ื˜ POWER9, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 20 ื’ื‘ื™ื˜ / s. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื•ืกื˜ ืึทื– POWER10 ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ื™ึทืข I/O ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ื“ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืึธื•ืœืขืจื–.

ื˜ื›ื™ืœืขืก, ื“ื™ ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืก ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึทื ื™ืึทืคืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจื“ ื‘ื™ื™ GlobalFoundries ืžื™ื˜ ืึท 10nm ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ืื™ื– ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹TSMC ืื•ืŸ 7nm ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข. ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืคึผืœืึทื ื ืขื“ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ 2020 ืื•ืŸ 2022. ืื™ืŸ 2023, ื“ื™ ืงืึธืจืคึผืึธืจืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ POWER11 ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืก, ืžืึทื ื™ืึทืคืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท 7nm ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจ ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 20 ื‘ื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ.

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉืžืึทืจืง ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ48-ื”ืึทืจืฅ ื™ื ื˜ืขืœ ืกืึทืœื•ืฉืึทื ื– ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืžืึธืœ ืคืึทืกื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึทืžื“ ืงืึทื•ื ืขืจืคึผืึทืจืฅ (ืžื™ื˜ 32 ืงืึธืจืขืก). ื•ื•ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ POWER10, ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื•ืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ื ืึธืš. ืื‘ืขืจ ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ืฆื•ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื“ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจื– ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืก ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก.

56 ืงืึธืจืขืก

ืขื ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ื ืก ืžื•ื“ื™ืข ื“ื•ืจืš ื™ื ื˜ืขืœ - ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึทื ื™ืึทืคืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท 14-ื ื ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข. ื–ื™ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ Optane DC ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื– ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ 3D Xpoint ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคึผืึทื˜ืฉืึทื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉืึทื“ืึธื•ื• ื•ื•ืึทืœื ืขืจืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ื–. ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 12 ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ื˜ืฉืึทื ืึทืœื– ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜-ืื™ืŸ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืึทืœื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืœืงืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ AI ืื•ืŸ ML ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ 5G ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก.

ื“ื™ ืคืœืึทื’ืฉื™ืคึผ ืžืึธื“ืขืœ ืžื™ื˜ 56 ืงืึธืจืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืคึผืœืึทื˜ื™ื ื•ื 9282. ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ ืึธืคื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ 2,6 ื’ื”ื–, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืึธื•ื•ืขืจืงืœืึธืงืง ืฆื• 3,8 ื’ื”ื–. ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืึธืŸ ื”ืื˜ 77 ืžื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืœ 3 ืงืึทืฉ, ืคืขืจืฆื™ืง PCIe 3.0 ืœื™ื™ื ื– ืื•ืŸ 400 ื•ื• ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืคึผืขืจ ื›ืึธืœืขืœ. ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจื– ืกื˜ืึทืจืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืขืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ื“ืึธืœืœืึทืจืก.

ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ืกืขืœืึทื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืึทื– Optane DC ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืจืขื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื‘ืึธืึธื˜ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืฆื• ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืกืขืงื•ื ื“ืขืก. ืื•ื™ืš, ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื™ึท ืฉืคึผืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืžืืฉื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืึธืœืงืŸ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข. ื“ืขืจ 56-ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืื™ื™ืŸ VM ืžื™ื˜ 30%. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจืฅ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ืกืขื ืฉืึทืœื™ ืึท ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ Xeon Scalable. ื“ื™ ืžื™ืงืจืึธืึทืจื˜ืฉื™ื˜ืขืงื˜ื•ืจืข ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืึธืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข.

ื ื™ื• ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืกืขื ื˜ืขืจืก - ืžื™ืจ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื ืึทื•ื ืกื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
/ ืคืึธื˜ืึธ ื“"ืจ ื™ื• ืžืึทื ื™ื ื’ CC BY-SA

64 ืงืึธืจืขืก

ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื™ืึธืจ ืžื•ื“ื™ืข ืื™ืŸ AMD. ืžื™ืจ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข 64-ื”ืึทืจืฅ Epyc ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืก ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ 7nm ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข. ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ื“ืขื ื™ืึธืจ. ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ DDR4 ื˜ืฉืึทื ืึทืœื– ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื›ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืึธืคื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 2,2 GHz, ืื•ืŸ 256 MB ืคื•ืŸ L3 ืงืึทืฉ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ. ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืก ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ 128 PCI Express 4.0 ืœื™ื™ื ื– ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข 3.0, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื˜ืึธืคึผืœ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื•ืคึผื•ื˜.

ืื‘ืขืจ ืึท ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขืงืขืจ ื ื™ื™ึทืขืก ืจืขื–ื™ื“ืึทื ืฅ ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ืึทื– ืคึผืจืึธื•ื“ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ ื•ื•ื•ึผืงืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื•ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ื•ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึผืึธื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืขืœ ื ื™ืฆืขืจืก. ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทื›ื˜, ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจื– ืื•ื™ืš ื™ื ืงืจื™ืกื™ื–, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืจืขื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืงืึทื ืกื•ืžืขืจ ืคืึธื“ืขืจื•ื ื’.

ื“ื™ 64-ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ ื“ื•ืจืš Huawei. ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ Kunpeng 920 ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ARM ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจื–. ืžืึทื ื•ืคืึทืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš TSMC ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืึท 7nm ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข. ื˜ืึทื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื™ืงื•ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื–ื™ื™ื’ืขืจ ืึธืคื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 2,6 GHz, ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ PCIe 4.0 ืื•ืŸ CCIX ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคื™ื™ืกื™ื–. ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื“ ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืœืงืŸ.

Huawei ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืึท 20% ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืกืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืึทื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก. ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื“ื•ื•ื™ื“ื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 46% ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืจืคึผืึธืจืึทืฆื™ืข.

ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ

ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืžืขืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืึธืŸ ืžืึทืจืง ืื™ืŸ 2019 ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš. ืžืึทื ื™ืึทืคืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจืขืจื– ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืงืึธืจืขืก, ื™ืงื•ื•ื™ืคึผ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจื– ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก, ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ืŸ ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ื˜ืึทืกืงื™ื ื’. ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขื, ืึธื•ื ืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืึทืคึผืขืจื˜ื•ื ืึทื˜ื™ื– ืฆื• ืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืกืึทืœื•ืฉืึทื ื– ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึธื•ื“ื– ืื•ืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ื˜ืึทืกืงืก.

ื ืึธืš ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœืก ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื˜ืขืœืขื’ืจืึทื ืงืึทื ืึทืœ:

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’