ืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจ, ืฉืขืจ. ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืึท ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ? ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1. ื˜ืขืึธืจืขื˜ื™ืฉ

1. ืขืจืฉื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ

ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืฉืึทืœืึทื ื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ื˜ืึทืกืงืก. ื“ืขื ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœ ืฉืคื™ื’ืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื•ื•ืขืœืึทืคึผืžืึทื ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืกืึทืœื•ืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึทืœื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืžื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทื“ืึทืกื˜ืจืึทืœ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜. ืžืงื•ืจื™ื ื“ืึธ "ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื˜ ื ื•ืž 01/OKS-2019 ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ืงืึทื“ืึทืกื˜ืจืึทืœ ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื’ื ืก (ืึทื—ื•ืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืœืึทื ื“ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ) ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืจื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื›ืึทื ื˜ื™-ืžืึทื ืกื™ื™ืกืง ืึทื•ื˜ืึธื ืึธืžืึธื•ืก ืึธืงืจื•ื’ - Ugra".

ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืงืข "ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืžืึธื“ืขืœ total.ods" ืื™ืŸ "ืึทืคึผืขื ื“ื™ืงืก ื‘. ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื˜ืขืจืžืึทื ื™ื ื’ ืงืก 5. ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืื•ืคึฟืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื˜ืขืจืžืึทื ื™ื ื’ ืงืึทื“ืึทืกื˜ืจืึทืœ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ 5.1 ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’" ืื™ื– ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ.

ื˜ื™ืฉ 1. ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ื™ื ื“ืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทืกืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืข "ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืžืึธื“ืขืœ total.ods"
ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ, ืคึผืงืก. โ€” 44
ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืก, ืคึผืงืก. โ€” 365 490
ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ืคึผืงืก. โ€” 101 714 693
ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืจืขืงืึธืจื“, ืคึผืงืก. โ€” 278,297
ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืจืขืงืึธืจื“, ืคึผืงืก. โ€” 15,510
ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข, ืคึผืงืก. โ€” 198
ืžืึทืงืกื™ืžื•ื ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข, ืคึผืงืก. โ€” 363

2. ื™ื ื˜ืจืึทื“ืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ. ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ืึทืจื“ืก

ื‘ืฉืขืช ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืกืคึผืขืกื™ืคื™ืขื“ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก, ืึท ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขื˜ ืฆื• ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืงื•ื•ื™ืจืขืžืขื ืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืึทื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื•ื ื’, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ, ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ, ื“ื™ ืกืคึผืขืกื™ืคื™ืขื“ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ืงืจื™ื™ื™ืฅ ืœืขื’ืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืฉ ืงืึทื ืกืึทืงื•ื•ืขื ืกืึทื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื ื™ืฆืขืจืก. ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืจืขืงื•ื•ื™ืจืขืžืขื ืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืึทื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ. ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืœืขื’ืึทืœ ื ืึธืจืžื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืขื ื™ืŸ, ืื™ืš ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืžืกืงื ื ืึทื– ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืœืข ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืกืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื–. ืึทื– ืื™ื–, ืึท ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืก, ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืงื•ื•ืืœืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื™ืœื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืึทืกืขื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ, ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทืกืขื˜, ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืึทืœื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื. ื“ื™ ืจื™ื–ืึทืœื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกืึทืœื•ืฉืึทื ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืจืขืคึฟืขืจืขื ืฅ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืฉื•ื–ื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœื˜ืขืจื ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืขืก. ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ื“ืขื ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ื’ื•ืจืข 1.

ืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจ, ืฉืขืจ. ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืึท ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ? ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1. ื˜ืขืึธืจืขื˜ื™ืฉ

ื–ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื˜ืขืจืžืึทื ื™ื ื’ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ืึทืจื“ืก, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ืœื›ืขืจ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ื  ื–ื™ืš ืคึผืจืึธื•ื•ืขืŸ ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื–, ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืจืขืงื•ื•ื™ืจืขืžืขื ืฅ ืื™ืŸ "MHRA GxP ื“ืึทื˜ืึท ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ืขืคื™ื ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื“ืึทื ืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ื ื“ืึทืกื˜ืจื™", ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืคื•ืœืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ื–ืื’ื˜ "ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืจืขืงื•ื•ื™ืจืขืžืขื ืฅ ืึทืคึผืœื™ื™ื– ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืฆื• ืžืึทื ื•ืึทืœ (ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจ) ืื•ืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ื™ืฉ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ." (ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’: "... ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื‘ืื“ืขืจืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืึทืคึผืœื™ื™ื– ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืฆื• ืžืึทื ื•ืึทืœ (ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจ) ืื•ืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ื™ืฉ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ"). ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืžื™ื•ืœื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืกืคึผืึทืกื™ืคื™ืงืœื™ ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ "ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ", ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทื•ื•ื™ื–ืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ 71 ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื•ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืคึผืจืึทืกื™ื“ื–ืฉืขืจ, ืงื•ื ืกื˜. 70 CAS, Art. 75 APC, "ืื™ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ" ืงื•ื ืกื˜. 84 ืงืึธื•ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืคึผืจืึทืกื™ื“ื–ืฉืขืจ.

ืคื™ื’ื•ืจ 2 ื’ื™ื˜ ืึท ื“ื™ืึทื’ืจืึทืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืžื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืฉื™ื– ืฆื• ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ื–ืฉื•ืจื™ืกืคึผืจื•ื“ืขื ืกืข.

ืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจ, ืฉืขืจ. ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืึท ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ? ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1. ื˜ืขืึธืจืขื˜ื™ืฉ
ืจื™ื™ืก. 2. ืžืงื•ืจ ื“ืึธ.

ืคื™ื’ื•ืจืข 3 ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ื’ื•ืจืข 1, ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื˜ืึทืกืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ "ื’ื•ื™ื“ืึทื ืกืข". ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืจื™ื ื’, ื“ื•ืจืš ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš, ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืึทืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืฉื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืงื•ื•ื™ืจืขืžืขื ืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ืึทืจื“ืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ืขื“ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืœืขื’ืึทืœ ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข.

ืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจ, ืฉืขืจ. ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืึท ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ? ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1. ื˜ืขืึธืจืขื˜ื™ืฉ
ืคื™ื’.3

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืคึผืขืกื™ืคื™ืขื“ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ (ื’ื™ื™ื“ืึทื ืก), ื“ื™ ืงืฉืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืฉ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ, ืงื™ื™ืคึผืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืฆื™ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืฉืึทืคึผื˜ืขืจ 18.2. ืจื™ืœื™ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก: "ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืข ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ื– ื™ื ื›ืขืจืึทื ื˜ืœื™ ืžืขืจ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื˜ืขืงืข ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคึผืจืึทื–ืขืจื•ื•ื– ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื˜ืึทื“ืึทื˜ืึท."

ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’ - ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื’ื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืฉ ืงื™ื™ืคึผืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื–, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื‘ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื ืึทื˜ื™ืจืœืขืš ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื“ื™ ื™ืงืกืคึผืึทื ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ืกืขืคึผืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ - ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ืคึผืœืึทืŸ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื”ืึทื ื˜, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืœืขื’ืึทืœ ื ืึธืจืžื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ืกืงืึทื•ื ืฅ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืฉ ืงื™ื™ืคึผืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื’ื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ, ืœืžืฉืœ: GDPR - ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ืข ื“ืึทื˜ืึท ืคึผืจืึทื˜ืขืงืฉืึทืŸ ืจืขื’ื•ืœื™ืจืŸ.

ืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจ, ืฉืขืจ. ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืึท ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ? ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1. ื˜ืขืึธืจืขื˜ื™ืฉ
ืจื™ื™ืก. 4. ืœื™ื™ืงืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืฉ ืงื™ื™ืคึผืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื– (ืžืึธืงืขืจ).

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืกืคึผืขืงืฅ, ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืงืœืึธืจ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทืกืขื˜ (ืคื™ื’. 1) ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืžื•ื–ืŸ, ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข, ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืจืื˜ืขื•ื•ืขื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื ืก, ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื–ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขืงืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืื™ื. ื ื•, ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ: ืงืึทืžืขืจืึทืก ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ื™ื ื’ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ื›ึผืœืœื™ื ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ืžืขื˜ื•ืžื™ืง, ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ื•ื™ืกืžื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื–, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืงืึธื ืกื•ืžืขืจืก, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื•ื•ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจืงื•ื™ืฃ ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืกื˜ืึทืžืขืจื– ืฆื• ืึท ืฉืึทืคึผื™ื ื’ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืžืงื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฆืŸ BigDat. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทืกืขืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื–ืืžืœื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜, ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜, ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืึท ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื ืขื ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืื‘ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ 1700 ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜. ื ืึธืš ืึทืœืข, ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜, ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœื™ืง ื“ืึทื˜ืึทืกืขืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื ืœื™ื™ืงืœื™ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ืคึผื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜.

3. ื™ื ื˜ืจืึทื“ืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ. ืืคืฉืืฆื•ื ื’ ืงืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ืจื™ืึท

ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก, ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ืงืœืึทืกืึทืคืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจืจืึธืจืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“.

1. ื˜ืขื•ืช ืงืœืึทืก (ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืึธืกื˜ ืจ 8.736-2011): ืึท) ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉ ืขืจืจืึธืจืก; ื‘) ื˜ืจืึทืค ืขืจืจืึธืจืก; ื’ ) ื ืคืขืœืขืจ .

2. ื“ื•ืจืš ืงื™ื™ืคืœ: ืึท) ืžืึธื ืึธ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจืฉืึทืŸ; ื‘) ืžืึทืœื˜ื™-ื“ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจืฉืึทืŸ.

3. ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืŸ: ืึท) ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ; ื‘) ื ื™ื˜ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ.

4. ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืžืงื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ:

ื) ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืฉ - ืขืจืจืึธืจืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคืึทืœืŸ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื•ื™ืกืจื™ื›ื˜. ื ืคืขืจืœื™ ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืง ื˜ืขื•ืช ืคึฟืึทืจ IoT ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ, ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื’ืจืึทื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืคึผืขื” ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข, ื•ื™ืกืจื™ื›ื˜ (ื”ืึทืจื“ื•ื•ืึทืจืข).

ื‘) ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืขืจืจืึธืจืก - ืขืจืจืึธืจืก ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ื˜ื™ืคึผืึธืก ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ ืฆื• ืขืจืจืึธืจืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืฉ ืกืคึผืขืกืึทืคืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ื™ื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ืคึผืœืึทืŸ.

ื’) ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืขืจืจืึธืจืก - ื“ืึธ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืขืจืจืึธืจืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ "ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกืœื™ื™ื’" ืฆื• ื˜ืขื•ืช ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึฟื™ืก.

5. ืืคื’ืขืฉื™ื™ื“ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืงืœืึทืก:

ืึท) ื“ื™ "ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ," ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืื•ืŸ ":" (ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคืึทืœ) ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืคึผืœื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“;
ื‘) ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ;
c) ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ื ืกื˜ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช
ื“) ืกื™ืžืžืขื˜ืจื™ืงืœื™ ืงื™ื™ืคืœ ืกื™ืžื‘ืึธืœืก: (), "", "...".

ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืึทื˜ื™ื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ืขืจืจืึธืจืก ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ื’ื•ืจืข 5, ืึท ืคืขืจืœื™ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืงืึธื•ืึธืจื“ืึทื ืึทื˜ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขืจืจืึธืจืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผื™ื ื’ ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ.

ืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจ, ืฉืขืจ. ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืึท ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ? ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1. ื˜ืขืึธืจืขื˜ื™ืฉ
ืจื™ื™ืก. 5. ื˜ื™ืคึผื™ืฉ ืขืจืจืึธืจืก ืงืึธืจืึทืกืคึผืึทื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจืึทืœ ื•ื ื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก (ืžืงื•ืจ: ืึธืจืขืฉืงืึธื•ื• ื•.ื™., ืคึผืึทืงืœื™ืŸ ื .ื‘. "ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืงืึทื ืกืขืคึผืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืงืึทื ืกืึทืœืึทื“ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ").

ืึทืงื™ืขืจืึทืกื™, ืคืขืœื“ ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜, ื“ืึทื˜ืึท ื˜ื™ืคึผ, ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืกื™, ื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืง, ืงืึทืžืคึผืœื™ื˜ื ืึทืก, ื“ื•ืคึผืœื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ, ืงืึทื ืคืึธืจืžืึทื ืกืข ืฆื• ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜ ื›ึผืœืœื™ื, ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจืึทืœ ื“ืขืคื™ื ื™ื˜ืขื ืขืกืก, ื“ืึทื˜ืึท ืึทื ืึทืžืึทืœื™, ืงืœืขืจื™ื˜ื™, ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืง, ืึทื“ื›ื™ืจืึทื ืก ืฆื• ื“ืึทื˜ืึท ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื›ึผืœืœื™ื. (ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ 334. ืคืึทื ื“ืึทืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื›ืึทื•ื–ื™ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขืก ืคึผืจืึธืคืขืกืกื™ืึธื ืึทืœืก / Paulraj Ponniah.-2nd ed.)

ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืขื ื’ืœื™ืฉ ื•ื•ืขืจื“ื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืึทืงืึทืฅ.

ืึทืงื™ืขืจืึทืกื™. ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืกื˜ืึธืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ืงื•ื ื” ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทื“ืจืขืก ืกื˜ืึธืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืจืขืงืึธืจื“, ื“ื™ ืึทื“ืจืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืึทื“ืจืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ื ื” ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื ืึธืžืขืŸ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ื™ื˜ื™ ืึธืจื“ืขืจื“ ื•ื•ื™ 1000 ื•ื ื™ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกื“ืจ ื ื•ืžืขืจ 12345678, ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ื™ื˜ื™ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคึผื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ืงื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ื™ื˜ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืกื“ืจ.
[ ืึทืงื™ืขืจืึทืกื™. ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืกื˜ืึธืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืงื•ื ื” ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื“ืจืขืก ืกื˜ืึธืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืจืขืงืึธืจื“, ื“ื™ ืึทื“ืจืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืึทื“ืจืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ื ื” ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื ืึธืžืขืŸ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ื™ื˜ื™ ืึธืจื“ืขืจื“ ื•ื•ื™ 1000 ื•ื ื™ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกื“ืจ ื ื•ืžืขืจ 12345678, ื“ื™ ืงื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ื™ื˜ื™ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคึผื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ืงื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ื™ื˜ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืกื“ืจ.]

ืคืขืœื“ ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜. ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ ืคืืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืึทื•ืึทื‘ืึทืœ, ื“ื™ืคื™ื™ื ื“ ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก. ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืื™ื– ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืึทืœืึทื•ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก ื–ื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ "ื–ื›ืจ" ืื•ืŸ "ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื‘ืœืขืš" ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜.
[ื“ื•ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜. ื“ื™ ืึทื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคืืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื™ืœื˜ื™ืง, ื“ื™ืคื™ื™ื ื“ ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก. ื ื’ืขื ืขืจืึทืœ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื’ื™ืœื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก "ื–ื›ืจ" ืื•ืŸ "ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื‘ืœืขืš" ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื“ื–ืฉืขื ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜.]

ื“ืึทื˜ืึท ื˜ื™ืคึผ. ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืึทื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ ืื™ื– ืึทืงื˜ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ ืกื˜ืึธืจื“ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคึผ ื“ื™ืคื™ื™ื ื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืึทื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืจืึธื ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคืขืœื“ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืคื™ื™ื ื“ ื•ื•ื™ "ื˜ืขืงืกื˜," ืึทืœืข ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทื ืกื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืขืœื“ ืึทื ื˜ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืจืึธื ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœ ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื•ืžืขืจื™ืง ืงืึธื•ื“ื–.
[ื“ืึทื˜ืึท ื˜ื™ืคึผ. ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืึทื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ ืื™ื– ืึทืงื˜ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ ืกื˜ืึธืจื“ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคึผ ื“ื™ืคื™ื™ื ื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืึทื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืงืจืึธื ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคืขืœื“ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืคื™ื™ื ื“ ื•ื•ื™ "ื˜ืขืงืกื˜", ืึทืœืข ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทื ืกื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืขืœื“ ืึทื ื˜ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืจืึธื ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜ ืืœื ื•ื•ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจื™ืง ืงืึธื•ื“ื–.]

ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืกื™. ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืขื ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคืขืœื“ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืคืœ ืžืงื•ืจ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ ืงืึธื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ ืึทื‘ืง ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื™ื– 1234, ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ ืื™ื– 1234 ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืžืงื•ืจ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื.
[ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืึทื ืกื™. ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืขื ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคืขืœื“ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืžืงื•ืจ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ ืงืึธื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ ืึทื‘ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื™ื– 1234, ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ ืื™ื– 1234 ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืžืงื•ืจ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื.]

ื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜. ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื. ืื•ื™ื‘, ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืงื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ื“ื™ ื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœืืจ ื™ื™ื“ืขื ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืึทืคื™ื™ื“.
[ื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืง. ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื. ืื•ื™ื‘, ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืงื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืคืœ ืœืึธื•ืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ื“ื™ ื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœืืจ ื“ื™ืคื™ื™ื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืึทืคื™ื™ื“.]

ื’ืึทื ืฅืงื™ื™ื˜. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืขืœื ื“ื™ืง ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึทื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงื•ื ื” ื˜ืขืงืข, ืขืก ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ื™ืœื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ "ืฉื˜ืึทื˜" ืคืขืœื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืงื•ื ื”. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกื“ืจ ื“ืขื˜ืึทื™ืœืก, ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื“ืขื˜ืึทืœ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืกื“ืจ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืึธื ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜.
[ื’ืึทื ืฅืงื™ื™ื˜. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืขืœื ื“ื™ืง ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืึทื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ื˜ืขืงืข ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื’ื™ืœื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ "ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื•ืก" ืคืขืœื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกื“ืจ ื“ืขื˜ืึทืœ ื˜ืขืงืข, ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืกื“ืจ ื“ืขื˜ืึทืœ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื’ืขืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜.]

ื“ื•ืคึผืœื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ. ื“ื•ืคึผืœื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืก ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ืจื™ื–ืึทืœื•ื•ื“. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ ื˜ืขืงืข ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื•ืกื˜ ืฆื• ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ืคึผืœื™ืงืึทื˜ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืก, ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืคึผืœื™ืงืึทื˜ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื™ื“ืขื ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืงืจื™ื™ึทื–-ืจืขืคึฟืขืจืขื ืฅ ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ.
[ื“ื•ืคึผืœื™ืงืึทื˜. ื“ื•ืคึผืœื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื™ืœื™ืžืึทื ื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ ื˜ืขืงืข ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื•ืกื˜ ืฆื• ืึทื ื˜ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื“ื•ืคึผืœื™ืงืึทื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืกืŸ, ืึทืœืข ื“ื•ืคึผืœื™ืงืึทื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืกืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื™ื“ืขื ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืงืจื™ื™ึทื–-ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ.]

ืงืึทื ืคืึธืจืžื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜ ื›ึผืœืœื™ื. ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืึทื“ื›ื™ืจ ืฆื• ืคึผืจื™ืกืงืจื™ื™ื‘ื“ ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜ ื›ึผืœืœื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืœื™ืฆื™ื˜ืึทืฆื™ืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทืžืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืงื•ื™ืฃ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ืขืจื•ื• ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื–. ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื ืง ืึทื ื˜ืœื™ื™ึทืขืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ื“ื™ ืึทื ื˜ืœื™ื™ึทืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธื’ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ื™ืŸ positive ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ื•ืœ.
[ื”ืขืกืงืขื ื›ึผืœืœื™ื. ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ื ืึธื›ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขื˜ ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜ ื›ึผืœืœื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืœื™ืฆื™ื˜ืึทืฆื™ืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทืžืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืงื•ื™ืฃ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ืขืจื•ื• ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื–. ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื ืงื™ื ื’ ืงืจืขื“ื™ื˜ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ื“ื™ ืึทื ื˜ืœื™ื™ึทืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธื’ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ื™ืŸ positive ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ื•ืœ.]

ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจืึทืœ ื“ืขืคื™ื ื™ื˜ืขื ืขืกืก. ื•ื•ืื•ื”ื™ืŸ ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ, ื“ืขืจ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜-ื“ื™ืคื™ื™ื ื“ ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ. ืœืžืฉืœ, ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื ืึธืžืขืŸ. ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืจื“ ื•ื•ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื ืึธืžืขืŸ. ื“ืขื ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืกื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืคื™ื™ื– ืขื ืคืึธืจืกืžืึทื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ืึทืจื“ืก ืื•ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื•ืกืึทื– ืคืขืœื ื“ื™ืง ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก.
[ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจืึทืœ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืงื™ื™ื˜. ื•ื•ื• ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ, ื“ืขืจ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜-ื“ื™ืคื™ื™ื ื“ ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ 'ืก ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืขืจืฉื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื ืึธืžืขืŸ. ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืจื“ ื•ื•ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื ืึธืžืขืŸ. ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืกื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืคื™ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ืึทืจื“ืก ืื•ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื•ืกืึทื– ืคืขืœื ื“ื™ืง ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก.]

ื“ืึทื˜ืึท ืึทื ืึทืžืึทืœื™. ื ืคืขืœื“ ืžื•ื– ื’ืขื ื•ืฆื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื ืืจ ืคืืจ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื•ืขืง ืคืืจ ื•ื•ืืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืคื™ื ื™ืจื˜. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื“ ืึทื“ืจืขืก-3 ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืคื™ื™ื ื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ื“ืจื™ื˜ ืฉื•ืจื” ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื“ืจืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืœืึทื ื’ ืึทื“ืจืขืกืขืก, ื“ืึธืก ืคืขืœื“ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื˜ ืฉื•ืจื” ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื“ืจืขืก. ืขืก ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทืŸ ืึท ื˜ืขืœืขืคืึธืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืงืก ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื ื”.
[ื“ืึทื˜ืึท ืึทื ืึทืžืึทืœื™. ื ืคืขืœื“ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืคื™ื™ื ื“. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืึทื“ืจืขืก-3 ืคืขืœื“ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืคื™ื™ื ื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ื“ืจื™ื˜ ืึทื“ืจืขืก ืฉื•ืจื” ืคึฟืึทืจ ืœืึทื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜, ื“ืึธืก ืคืขืœื“ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืฆื• ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื˜ ืึทื“ืจืขืก ืฉื•ืจื”. ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ืึทืจื™ื™ึทืŸ ืึท ื˜ืขืœืขืคืึธืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืงืก ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืงื•ื ื”.]

ืงืœืขืจื™ื˜ื™. ื ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืงืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืžืึธื’ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืงืขืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื–ืขืจื– ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ืฉ ืงืœืืจ, ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื–ืขืจื–. ื’ืขื”ืขืจื™ืง ื ืึทืžื™ื ื’ ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืขื ืฉืึทื ื– ื”ืขืœืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื–ืขืจื–.
[ืงืœืขืจื™ื˜ื™. ื ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืงืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืงืขืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื™ื•ื–ืขืจื– ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืœืืจ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ืฉ, ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ื•ื–ืขืจื–. ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื ืึทืžื™ื ื’ ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืขื ืฉืึทื ื– ื”ืขืœืคึฟืŸ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื™ื•ื–ืขืจื–.]

ืฆื™ื™ื˜ืœื™. ื“ื™ ื ื™ืฆืขืจืก ื‘ืึทืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ืžืœื™ื ืึทืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื–ืขืจื– ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ืŸ ืึทื– ืงื•ื ื” ื“ื™ืžืขื ืฉืึทื ื– ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’, ื“ื™ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืงื•ื ื” ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืงื•ืจ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื›ืึทื•ืก ื˜ืขื’ืœืขืš.
[ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฆื™ื™ื˜. ื™ื•ื–ืขืจื– ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ืžืœื™ื ืึทืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื™ื•ื–ืขืจื– ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ืŸ ืึทื– ืงื•ื ื” ื“ื™ืžืขื ืฉืึทื ื– ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืึทืœื˜, ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืงื•ื ื” ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืงื•ืจ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื›ืึทื•ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื˜ืขื’ืœืขืš ื™ืงืขืจ.]

ื ื•ืฆื™ืงื™ื™ื˜. ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื›ืึทื•ืก ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื‘ืึทืคืจื™ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื‘ืื“ืขืจืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฆืขืจืก. ื ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื–ืขืจื–, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื•ืžื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื›ืึทื•ืก.
[ื ื•ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜. ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืงืจืึธื ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื‘ืึทืคืจื™ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื‘ืื“ืขืจืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’. ื ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื™ื•ื–ืขืจื–, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื›ืึทื•ืก.]

ืึทื“ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื›ึผืœืœื™ื. ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ืœื™ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืงื•ืจ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืึทื“ื›ื™ืจ ืฆื• ืขื ื˜ื™ื˜ื™ ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืจืขืคืขืจืขื ื˜ืฉืึทืœ ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื›ึผืœืœื™ื. ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ื ืึทืœ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ื™ืง ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืขื ื˜ื™ื˜ื™ ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜. ืจืขืคืขืจืขื ื˜ืฉืึทืœ ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคืึธืจืกืขืก ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ-ืงื™ื ื“ ื‘ืืฆื™ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง. ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงื•ื ื”-ืฆื•-ืกื“ืจ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช, ืจืขืคืขืจืขื ื˜ืฉืึทืœ ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื™ื ืฉื•ืจื– ื“ื™ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืงื•ื ื” ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืกื“ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก.
[ื”ืขืกืงืขื ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื›ึผืœืœื™ื. ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ืจื™ืœื™ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื ืึธื›ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื›ึผืœืœื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืขื ื˜ื™ื˜ื™ ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืจืขืคืขืจืขื ื˜ืฉืึทืœ ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜. ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ื ืึทืœ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืขืจืฉื˜ื™ืง ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืขื ื˜ื™ื˜ื™ ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜. ืจืขืคืขืจืขื ื˜ืฉืึทืœ ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคืึธืจืกืขืก ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขื˜. ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงื•ื ื”-ืกื“ืจ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช, ืจืขืคืขืจืขื ื˜ืฉืึทืœ ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื™ื ืฉื•ืจื– ืึทื– ืึท ืงื•ื ื” ื™ื’ื–ื™ืกืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืกื“ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก.]

4. ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื•ื ื’

ื“ื™ ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื’ื“ืึทื˜ืึท. ืขื ื˜ืคึฟืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืฉื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืจืึทื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ืคื•ื ื“ืึทืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื˜. ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก, ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึทื ืœื™ื™ืงืœื™ ืึทื– ื•ื•ืขืจ ืขืก ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฆืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’. ืื‘ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ, ื“ืขื ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื“ื™ ืจื™ืœื™ื™ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื’ืึทืœ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื˜ืขื ื“ ืฆื• ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ.

ืงืึธื ืกื™ื“ืขืจื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืจื™ืœื™ื™ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™. ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืžืึธื“ืขืœืก 200. ืคื™ืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืžืึธื“ืขืœืก ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืึท ืคืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืก ืžืึธื“ืขืœ:

ืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจ, ืฉืขืจ. ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืึท ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ? ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1. ื˜ืขืึธืจืขื˜ื™ืฉ
ืคื™ื’. 6

ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื’ื™ื™ื˜: "ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขื•ืช ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ ืขื ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคืึทืœ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึธื“ืขืœ, ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ืึทืœืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจ ื”?" ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ืžืึธื“ืขืœ: ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ื™ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืขืก ื ืขืžื˜ ืึท ื˜ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ ืื™ื– 1 ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ (ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ืงืฉื™ื), ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืขืจืจืึธืจืก, ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ 365 ืžื™ื ื•ื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืขืจืขืš 494 ื™ืืจ ืื•ืŸ 3 ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜. ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืกื•ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื›ื™ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื™ืœืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึธืคึผืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœื•ื ื’, ื“ืขืจ ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืฉ ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืก ืื•ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืื™ืš ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืžืกืงื ื ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืคืขืจืœื™ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ึทื’. ื‘ืึทื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื–ืขืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืง: "ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข (ืื™ืŸ ื•ื ื™ืฅ) ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึท ืคื™ืจืžืข 'ืก ืžืึทืงืกื™ืžื•ื ื ื•ืฅ ืื™ื– ืึทื˜ืฉื™ื•ื•ื“ ืื™ื– ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื• ื“ื™ ืžืึทืจื“ื–ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึท ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืžืข ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜." ื‘ืึทื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืกื˜ื•ืœืึทื˜ืข ืึทื– ื“ืขืจื’ื™ื™ื•ื ื’ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืกืึทื‘ืกืึทืงื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ ื˜ืขื•ืช ืจื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืจื– ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืก, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืคืึทืงื˜ืึธืจ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืกื˜ื•ืœืึทื˜ ืื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืžืึธื“ืขืœืก ื ืขืžื˜ ืึท ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ืžื•ืกื˜ืขืจ: ืื•ื™ื‘ ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ i-th ื˜ืขื•ืช, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ n ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืก, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ (i + 3) ื˜ืขื•ืช, ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ืขื ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืก ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื 

  1. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืก ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึท ื˜ืขื•ืช ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ ืกื˜ื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื™ื–;
  2. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืก ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจื’ื™ื™ื•ื ื’ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืขื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ.

ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื ื“ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืฉ ืคื™ื–ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ, ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ืงืึธืก, ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจืžื•ืœื™ืจื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื’ื™ื™ื˜: "ื“ื™ ืงืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ืงืขืจืขืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื•ืช ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืจืื’ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืฉ ืึทื’ืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ. ืขืก ื‘ื™ื™ ื“ื™ ืœืึธื•ืึทืกื˜ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื–. โ€ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื’ืขื ื˜ - ืึท ื˜ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืกืคึผืขื ื“ื– 1 ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืฆื• ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“. ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืœื˜ื™ืง ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืขืŸ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ืคืึทืจื“ื™ื ืขืŸ 6000 ืจื•ื‘ืœ ืคึผืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’, ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ 12,2 ืจื•ื‘ืœ. (ื‘ืขืขืจืขืš ื”ื™ื™ื ื˜). ืขืก ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื‘ืจื™ืึทื ืื™ืŸ ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืฉ ื’ืขื–ืขืฅ. ืื™ืš ืจื™ื–ืึทื ื“ ืึทื–ื•ื™. ื ื™ื’ื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ื˜ืขื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืืจื’ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืจื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ืขืก, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืžืึธื’ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ืฆืขืจ. ื–ืืœ ืก ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืจื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืจื– 1 ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืžืฃ (ืคืึธืจืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ืงืขืจืขืงื˜ืึทื“ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜). ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš, ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ืคื•ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’, ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ื’ืขืฆืึธืœื˜ ืคึผืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’. ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืึทืงืจื•ื“ ื’ืขืฆืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug "ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธืกื™ืึธ-ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืฉ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืื ื•ืืจ-ืกืขืคื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 2019" 73285 ืจื•ื‘ืœ. ืึธื“ืขืจ 3053,542 ืจื•ื‘ืœ / ื˜ืึธื’. ืึทืงืงืึธืจื“ื™ื ื’ืœื™, ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืฆื•:
3053,542: 12,2 = 250,4 ื•ื ื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืก.

ื“ืขื ืžื™ื˜ืœ, ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ืคื•ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืึท ื˜ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ 251 ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืก ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื•ืช, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืขืงื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืึทืœืขื ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคื™ืงืกื™ืจ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขื•ืช ื–ื™ืš. ืึทืงืงืึธืจื“ื™ื ื’ืœื™, ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืคืืจื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ืฆื• ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ 252 ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืก ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืขื•ืช, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืฆื• ื™ื‘ืขืจืจื•ืง ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ืงืขืจืขืงืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ.

ื ืกื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ื“ืึธ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ืคื•ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ื ืึธืš ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืžื•ืžื›ืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืงืึธืก ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื˜ืึทืงืกื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ืคึผื™ื™ืžืึทื ืฅ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืžืึธื“ืขืœ ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ. ื ืงืึทื ืกืึทืงื•ื•ืึทื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ืคืึธื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืคึผืขืฉืึทืœืึทืกืฅ: ืึท ืžื•ืžื›ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ IT ืื™ื ื“ื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืข ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืฆืึธืœื˜ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื ืืฆื™ืื ืืœืข ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฆืึธืœื˜ ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ื’ืขืฆืึธืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืขืœ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ื ื™ืฆืขืจืก, ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ื”ืึทื ื˜-ืฆื•-ื”ืึทื ื˜.

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืกืงืจื™ื™ื‘ื“ ืงืจื™ื˜ืขืจื™ืึธืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืคืึธื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ:
ืื™ืš (ื˜ืจ). ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืขืจืจืึธืจืก ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื™ืงืกื™ื“ 1/250,4 = 0,39938%. ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืจืึทืคื™ื ื™ืจืŸ ื’ืึธืœื“ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืข. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืขืŸ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ 1459 ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืก ืžื™ื˜ ืขืจืจืึธืจืก.

ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืฆื™ืขื  ื–ื™ืš.

ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜, ื“ื•ืจืš ืžืื›ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจืจืึธืจืก ืื™ืŸ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืก, ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ ืึทื’ืจื™ื– ืฆื• ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืฉ ืœืึธืกืกืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ:

1459*3053,542 = 4 ืจื•ื‘ืœ.

ื“ื™ ืกื•ืžืข ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉืœืืกืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฆื• ืจืขื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืก. ืขืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืึทื– ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ืึท ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืก ืžื™ื˜ ืขืจืจืึธืจืก ืฆื•, ืœืžืฉืœ, 259, ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ ืฆื• ืจืึทื˜ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ:
1200*3053,542 = 3 ืจื•ื‘ืœ.

ืื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜, ืขืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืึทืœืึทื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ื ื•, ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืก ื–ืึธื’ืŸ - 1 ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ ืจื•ื‘ืœ.
ืึทื– ืื™ื–, ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ืงืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืจื™ื“ื•ืกื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš:

3 - 664 = 250 ืจื•ื‘ืœ.

ืื™ืŸ ืขืกืึทื ืก, ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ BigDat ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื–.

ืื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธ ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ื™ืฉ ืื•ื™ื˜ืืจื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ืึทื›ื ืึธืกืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืžืึธื’ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืขื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงื•ืจืก ืคื•ืŸ 0,3% ืื™ื–: 2,778 ื‘ื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ ืจื•ื‘ืœ / ื™ืึธืจ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืก (4 ืจื•ื‘ืœ) ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจืŸ ืื™ื ืคื™ืœ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคืขืจื“ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืžืึธื’ ืึธื•ื ืขืจื–. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜, ื“ื™ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืจืึทืคื™ื ื™ืจื˜ ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื’ื“ืึทื˜ืึท ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก, ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ื˜ื™ื ื’ื– ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ื”ื™ืคึผืฉ ื˜ืึทืœืึทื ื˜.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ื“ื™ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ื˜ืขื•ืช ืึทืกืกืขืกืกืžืขื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืกื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœื˜ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ Schumann ืžืึธื“ืขืœ [2] ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ื•ื•ืขืจืึทืคืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ืจื™ืœื™ื™ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’. ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืคึผืจืขื•ื•ืึทืœืึทื ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ื™ื ื“ืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื–. ื“ื™ ืžืขื˜ืึทื“ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธื ืึทื›ืึธื•ื• ื™ื•.ืž. "ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืคืขืกื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ", ื–ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืกืคึผื•ื™ืœืขืจ ืื™ืŸ Fig. 7-9.

ืจื™ื™ืก. 7 - 9 ืžืขื˜ืึทื“ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ Schumann ืžืึธื“ืขืœืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจ, ืฉืขืจ. ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืึท ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ? ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1. ื˜ืขืึธืจืขื˜ื™ืฉ

ืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจ, ืฉืขืจ. ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืึท ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ? ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1. ื˜ืขืึธืจืขื˜ื™ืฉ

ืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจ, ืฉืขืจ. ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืึท ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ? ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1. ื˜ืขืึธืจืขื˜ื™ืฉ

ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœ ื’ื™ื˜ ืึท ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื•ื ื’, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ Schumann ืžืึธื“ืขืœ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ.
ื–ืืœ ืžื™ืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ:
ืขืกื˜ื™ืžืึทื˜ืขื“ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจืจืึธืจืก N = 3167 n.
ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจ C, ืœืึทืžื‘ื“ืึท ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ืœื™ื™ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข:

ืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจ, ืฉืขืจ. ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืึท ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ? ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1. ื˜ืขืึธืจืขื˜ื™ืฉ
ืคื™ื’.17

ื™ืกืขื ืฉืึทืœื™, ืœืึทืžื‘ื“ืึท ืื™ื– ืึท ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื’ืจืื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ื˜ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืจืจืึธืจืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ื˜ืขืงื˜ืึทื“ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ืข. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ืงื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข ื˜ื™ื™ืœ, ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฆื•ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื ื’ืจืื“ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 42,4 ืขืจืจืึธืจืก ืคึผืขืจ ืฉืขื”, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ึทื›ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืžืึทื ืŸ ื’ืจืื“ืŸ. ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืืฉืœืืกืŸ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ืจืก ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึท ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจ ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ืขืจืจืึธืจืก ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ 1 ื˜ืขื•ืช ืคึผืขืจ 250,4 ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืก, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจื•ื ื’ 1 ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ ืคึผืขืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึทืžื‘ื“ืึท ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ Schumann ืžืึธื“ืขืœ:

60 / 250,4 = 0,239617.

ืึทื– ืื™ื–, ื“ื™ ื ื•ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ื˜ืขื•ืช ื“ื™ื˜ืขืงืฉืึทืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื•ืกื™ื“ื–ืฉืขืจื– ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ื‘ื™ื– ืœืึทืžื‘ื“ืึท, ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื’ื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ 38,964, ื“ื™ืงืจื™ืกืึทื– ืฆื• 0,239617.

ืึธื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ื™ ื’ืจืื“ืŸ ืขืŸ (ืคึผืึธื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืขืœ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจืจืึธืจืก) ืžื™ื ื•ืก n (ืงืขืจืขืงื˜ื™ื“ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจืจืึธืจืก) ื“ื™ืงืจื™ืกืึทื– ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืœ - 1459 ืคึผืงืก.

ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ

  1. ืžืึธื ืึทื›ืึธื•ื•, ื™ื•. ืž. ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืคืขืกื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ. ืื™ืŸ 3 ืฉืขื”. ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1. ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ืจื™ืœื™ื™ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™: ืœืขืจื ื‘ื•ืš. ืคึผืขื ืกื™ืข / ื™ื•. ืž. ืžืึธื ืึทื›ืึธื•ื•; ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ื. ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ univ. โ€“ ื•ื•ืœืื“ื™ืžื™ืจ: ืื™ื–ื•ื•ืึธ ื•ื•ืœืึทื“ื™ื. ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜, 2011. - 60 ืคึผ. โ€“ ISBN 978-5-9984-0189-3.
  2. Martin L. Shooman, "ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ืžืึธื“ืขืœืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึผืจืึธื’ื ืึธื– ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ืจื™ืœื™ื™ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™."
  3. ื“ืึทื˜ืึท ื•ื•ืขืจื›ืึทื•ื–ื™ื ื’ ืคืึทื ื“ืึทืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขืก ืคึผืจืึธืคืขืกืกื™ืึธื ืึทืœืก / Paulraj Ponniah.-2nd ed.

ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™. ื˜ืขืึธืจืขื˜ื™ืฉ

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’