ื“ื™ ืึธืคึฟืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ OpenTitan ืฉืคึผืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื™ึทื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืคึผืจื™ื™ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ ืจื•ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ Intel ืื•ืŸ ARM

ื“ื™ ืึธืคึฟืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ OpenTitan ืฉืคึผืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื™ึทื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืคึผืจื™ื™ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ ืจื•ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ Intel ืื•ืŸ ARM

ื ืึทืŸ-ื ื•ืฅ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข lowRISC ืžื™ื˜ Google ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืกืคึผืึธื ืกืึธืจืก 5 ื ืื•ื•ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 2019 ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืึธืคึผืขื ื˜ื™ื˜ืึทืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจื•ืคื˜ "ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืึธืคึฟืŸ-ืžืงื•ืจ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึธืคึฟืŸ, ื”ื•ื™ืš-ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืฉืคึผืึธืŸ ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื•ื•ืึธืจืฆืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ (RoT) ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึทื–ื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืžื“ืจื’ื”."

OpenTitan ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ RISC-V ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ-ืฆื™ืœ ืฉืคึผืึธืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ื™ึทื ืžืึธื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืกืขื ื˜ืขืจืก ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื•ื™ืกืจื™ื›ื˜ ื•ื•ื• ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ืขื ืฉื•ืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœ ืึธื˜ืึทื ื˜ื™ืกื™ื˜ื™, ื‘ืึทืฉื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืžื•ื•ืึทืจืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืขืœื™ืžื™ื ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืึธืึธื˜ืงื™ืฅ: ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืึธื˜ื”ืขืจื‘ืึธืึทืจื“ืก, ื ืขืฅ ืงืึทืจื“ืก, ืจืึธื•ื˜ืขืจืก, IoT ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก, ืจื™ืจืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ื’ืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืฅ, ืขื˜ืง.

ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ืขื ืœืขืš ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื– ืขืงืกื™ืกื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจื–. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ื“ื™ Intel Hardware Boot Guard ืžืึธื“ื•ืœืข ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืจืฆืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ Intel ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจื–. ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจืึทืคื™ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืึธื˜ืึทื ื˜ื™ืกื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ UEFI ื‘ื™ื™ืึธื•ืก ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืœืึธื•ื“ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืึทืก. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืงืฉื™ื ืื™ื–, ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืคึผืจื™ื™ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ ืจื•ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืจืึทื ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืึทื– ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื’ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื• ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ืขืก? ื–ืขืŸ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ "Schrรถdinger's Trusted Download. Intel Boot Guard" ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ "ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื–ืฉื•ืง ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืœืึธื•ื ื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื•ื•ืขื ื“ืึธืจืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืึท ืคึผืึธื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืขืœ ืึทื˜ืึทืงืขืจ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืŸ ืจืึธืึธื˜ืงื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ (ืืคื™ืœื• ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžื™ืกื˜) ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื."

ื“ื™ ืกืึทืงืึธื ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืขืงื•ื•ื™ืคึผืžืขื ื˜ ืงืึธืžืคึผืจืึธืžื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ืกืึทืคึผืจื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ืœื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ: ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ื”ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ื™ืง ื™ื ื–ืฉืขื ื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืกืึทื“ืขืจ ืึท ื–ืฉื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ืžืึธื˜ื”ืขืจื‘ืึธืึทืจื“ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื•ื™ืกืจื™ื›ื˜ ืงืึธืก ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ $ 200. ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจืฅ ื›ืึธืฉืขื“ ืึทื– "ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืœืœืึทืจืก ืงืขืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคื™ืœืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ." ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื˜ืขืึธืจืขื˜ื™ืฉ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš.

"ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึทื–ื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ื‘ืึธืึธื˜ืœืึธืึทื“ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืื™ื– ืื™ื‘ืขืจ," ื–ืื’ื˜ Gavin Ferris, ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึธืจื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืึธืจืก ืคื•ืŸ LowRISC. - ืขืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื˜ื•ื˜ - ืื•ื™ื‘ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืœืึธื•ื“ื– ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืงืึทืžืคึผืจืึทืžื™ื™ื–ื“, ื“ื™ ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืื™ื– ืึท ืขื ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข. ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืกื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืืจื˜ื™ืงืด.

ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืกืึทืœื•ื•ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืŸ ืขืคืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื™ึทื–ื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืข OpenTitan (GitHub ืจื™ืคึผืึทื–ืึทื˜ืึธืจื™, ื“ื™ ื“ืึทืงื™ื•ืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ื™ื™ึทื–ื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืกืคึผืขืกืึทืคืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–). ืžืึธื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืคึผืจื™ื™ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ ืกืึทืœื•ืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืขืœืคึฟืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ "ืคื•ื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืคืœืึธื“ ืจืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื“ื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืข," ื–ืื’ื˜ Google.

ื’ื•ื’ืœ ื–ื™ืš ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผื™ื ื’ ื˜ื™ื˜ืึทืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ืกืงืึทื•ื•ืขืจื“ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ืงืก ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ Intel Management Engine (ME) ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืก. ื“ืขื ืงืึธืžืคึผืœืขืงืก ืึทืก ื™ืงืกืคึผืึทื ื“ื™ื“ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืคืœืึทืš ืื™ืŸ ืึทื ืคึผืจื™ื“ื™ืงื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืึธื•ืœืึทื‘ืึทืœ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ. ื’ื•ื’ืœ ื’ืขืคืจื•ื•ื•ื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืคืจื™ื™ึทืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ Intel Management Engine (ME), ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืจืึธื˜ืŸ.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™?

ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฉื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ื˜ืฉืขืงืก ื“ื™ ืึธื˜ืึทื ื˜ื™ืกื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ืข, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™.

ื•ื•ืึธืจืฆืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทืกื˜ (RoT) ืื™ื– ืึท ื™ื™ึทื–ื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’-ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืึธื˜ืขื ื˜ืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืึทื– ื™ื ืฉื•ืจื– ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืžืงื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืขืงืกืขืงื•ื˜ืึทื‘ืœืข ืœื™ืžืขื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉื“. ืจืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ืฉื•ืฅ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืจืึธืึธื˜ืงื™ืฅ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ื‘ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื™ื ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ื•ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืึทื‘ืกืึทืงื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ ืกื˜ืึทืจื˜ืึทืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื - ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืึธื•ืก ืฆื• ืึทืก ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–. ืขืก ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื˜ืึทื ื˜ื™ืกื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืกืึทื‘ืกืึทืงื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ ืืจืืคืงืืคื™ืข ืฉืจื™ื˜. ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก, ืึท ืกื›ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื“ื–ืฉืึทื˜ืึทืœื™ ื’ืขื—ืชืžืขื˜ ืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ืข. ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืคืึธืœืงืก ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ืึทืจื“ืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ื™ึทื–ื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืฉื•ืฅ ืื™ื– TPM (Trusted Platform Module).

ื“ื™ ืึธืคึฟืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ OpenTitan ืฉืคึผืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื™ึทื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืคึผืจื™ื™ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ ืจื•ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ Intel ืื•ืŸ ARM
ืคืึทืจืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืึธืจืฆืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™. ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ืึท ืคื™ื ืฃ-ืฉืจื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืจื™ื™ื™ืฅ ืึท ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™, ืกื˜ืึทืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึธืึธื˜ืœืึธืึทื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืžื™ื•ื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ. ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฉืจื™ื˜ ื ื™ืฆื˜ ืึท ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธื ืขื ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืึธื•ื“ื™ื“. ืื™ืœื•ืกื˜ืจืืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืคึผืขืจื™ ืœื™ ืก ื‘ื•ืš "ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื”ื™ื ื’ืก ืึทืจื˜ืฉื™ื˜ืขืงื˜ื•ืจืข"

RoT ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืึธื ื˜ืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ:

  • ืœืึธื•ื“ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืจืฆืœ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจืžื•ื•ืึทืจืข ืึธื“ืขืจ ื™ืžื™ื•ื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ;
  • ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืจืฆืœ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ-ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื’ืจืึทืžืึทื‘ืึทืœ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืงืึธืจื™ืง ื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ;
  • ืœืึธื•ื“ื™ื ื’ ืงืึธื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขืงื˜ืขื“ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขืงื˜ืขื“ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ.

ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจื– ื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืžืขื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืจืฆืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ ื“ื™ืคืขืจืขื ื˜ืœื™. Intel ืื•ืŸ ARM
ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื–:

  • ARM TrustZone. ARM ืกืขืœื– ืึท ืคึผืจืึทืคึผืจื™ื™ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ ืกื™ืœื™ืฆื™ื•ื ื‘ืœืึธืง ืฆื• ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืžืึทืงืขืจืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ื™ื˜ ืึท ื•ื•ืึธืจืฆืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืžื–. ื“ืขื ืกืขืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฅ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื™ืงืจืึธื•ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ืกืึทืงื™ืขืจ ื”ืึทืจืฅ; ืขืก ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ Trusted OS, ืึท ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜-ื“ื™ืคื™ื™ื ื“ ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื ืกืึทืงื™ืขืจ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ. ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขืงื˜ืขื“ ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ ื•ื•ื•ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทืกื˜ื™ื“ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืœื™ื™ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš. ืกื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉื™ื ื’ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื™ึทื–ื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืกื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉื™ื ื’, ื™ืœื™ืžืึทื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื ื•ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’.
  • Intel Boot Guard ืื™ื– ืึท ื™ื™ึทื–ื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืึทืคื™ื™ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืึธื˜ืึทื ื˜ื™ืกื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœ ื‘ืœืึธืง ื“ื•ืจืš ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืžืขื–ืฉืขืจืžืึทื ื˜ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก. ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ ื‘ืœืึธืง, ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทื‘ืจื™ืงืึทื ื˜ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ ืึท 2048-ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคึผืึทืจืฅ: ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜. ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจืขื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš "ื“ืขื˜ืึทื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’" ืงืึธืจื™ืง ื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ืžืึทื ื•ืคืึทืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื’. ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉื“. ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ืฅ ืึท ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ื›ืกื™ืžืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืึทื‘ืกืึทืงื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ ืึธื˜ืขื ื˜ืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืจืืคืงืืคื™ืข ื‘ื™ื ืข.

ื“ื™ OpenTitan ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืข ื™ืงืกืคึผืึธื•ื–ื™ื– ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืคึผืึทืจืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ื™ื™ึทื–ื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ / ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืึทื’ืจืึทืžืข ืื•ื ื˜ืŸ.

ื“ื™ ืึธืคึฟืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ OpenTitan ืฉืคึผืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื™ึทื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืคึผืจื™ื™ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ ืจื•ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ Intel ืื•ืŸ ARM

OpenTitan ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืข

ื“ื™ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ OpenTitan ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขืจืื˜ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื ืึทืŸ-ื ื•ืฅ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข LowRISC. ื“ื™ ื™ื ื–ืฉืขื ื™ืขืจื™ืข ืžืึทื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ืื™ื– ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžื‘ืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ (ื•ืง), ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืคึผืึทื˜ืจืึธืŸ ืื™ื– Google. ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื ืขืจืก ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ETH Zurich, G + D Mobile Security, Nuvoton Technology ืื•ืŸ Western Digital.

ื’ื•ื’ืœ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืึท ืžืขืœื“ืŸ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ Google ืขืคึฟืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ ืคึฟื™ืจืžืข ื‘ืœืึธื’. ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืžืข ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขื–ืื’ื˜ ืึทื– OpenTitan ืื™ื– ืงืึทืžื™ื˜ืึทื“ ืฆื• "ืคึผืจืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื’ ื”ื•ื™ืš-ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ื’ื™ื™ื“ืึทื ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืจืึธื˜ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื ืึทื’ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก, ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ, ื‘ืจืขื’ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ."

ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืจืฆืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืœื™ื ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืœืึธื•ืึทืกื˜ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจืึทืกื˜ื™ื“ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืžืึธื“ื•ืœืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืึธืจ ื˜ืจืึทืกื˜ื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื.

ืจืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ื™ื ืคืจืึทืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจ (PKIs). ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื™ืกื•ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึท ืงืึธืžืคึผืœืขืงืก ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ืึทืŸ IoT ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜. ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก Google ืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜. ืขืก ืื™ืฆื˜ ื”ืื˜ 19 ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืกืขื ื˜ืขืจืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคื™ื ืฃ ืงืึธื ื˜ื™ื ืขื ืฅ. ื“ืึทื˜ืึท ืกืขื ื˜ืขืจืก, ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืกื™ืข-ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืึทืกื˜ ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืคืœืึทืš, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ืคืจืึทืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจ, Google ื˜ื›ื™ืœืขืก ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื•ื•ืึธืจืฆืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื˜ืึทืŸ ืฉืคึผืึธืŸ.

ืคึผืจืึทืคึผืจื™ื™ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ ื˜ื™ื˜ืึทืŸ ืฉืคึผืึธืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ Google ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืกืขื ื˜ืขืจืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืงืขื ืขื  ืžืขืจืฅ 2017 ื‘ื™ื™ ื“ื™ Google ืงืœืึธื•ื“ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’. "ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจืก ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ื˜ืฉืขืงืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ืคึผืขืงืœ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึทืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ืฆื™ ืฆื• ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืขืก ืึทืงืกืขืก ืฆื• ื ืขืฅ ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ. ื˜ื™ื˜ืึทืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืึทื’ืจื™ื™ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคืคืขืจืก ื ืึธืš ืœื™ื™ึทืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืฅ, "Google ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืจืก ื’ืขื–ืื’ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืขื–ืขื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’.

ื“ื™ ืึธืคึฟืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ OpenTitan ืฉืคึผืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื™ึทื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืคึผืจื™ื™ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ ืจื•ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ Intel ืื•ืŸ ARM
ื˜ื™ื˜ืึทืŸ ืฉืคึผืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ Google ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ

ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื˜ืึทืŸ ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืจื™ืขืจ ืึธื•ื ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš Google, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืขืคื ื˜ืœืขืš ืคืขืœื“ ื•ื•ื™ ืึทืŸ ืึธืคึฟืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜.

ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืึทืœ ืจืึธื˜ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืึธืŸ ืžื“ืจื’ื”, ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืึธืคึฟืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ ืžื™ื™ืงืจืึธื•ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจ. lowRISC ื™ื‘ืขืงืก, ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจื–, ื™ื™ึทื–ื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ื˜ืจืึทืค ื ื•ืžืขืจ ื’ืขื ืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ, ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ื›ื™ื™ืขืจืึทืจืงื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื ื™ื˜-ื•ื•ืึทืœืึทื˜ืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜-ื•ื•ืึทืœืึทื˜ืึทืœ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ, ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืžื–, I/O ืคึผืขืจื™ืคืขืจืึทืœืก ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืึทื–.

Google ื–ืื’ื˜ ืึทื– OpenTitan ืื™ื– ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืคึผืจื™ื ืกืึทืคึผืึทืœื–:

  • ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ื”ืื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืœืขื’ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืข ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืจืŸ;
  • ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื’ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืขืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืœื™ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคึผืจืึทืคึผืจื™ื™ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ ืคืึทืจืงื•ื™ืคืขืจ ืจื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืงืฉืึทื ื–;
  • ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ื™ื ืฉื•ืจื“ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ืคื™ืจืžื•ื•ืึทืจืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึทืงื™ื•ืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ.

"ื“ื™ ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืก ืžื™ื˜ ืจื•ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึทืคึผืจื™ื™ืึทื˜ืขืจื™. ื–ื™ื™ ืคืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืื™ืจ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืขืก ื–ื™ืš, "ื–ืื’ื˜ Dominic Rizzo, ืคื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืžื•ืžื›ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ Google ื˜ื™ื˜ืึทืŸ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜. "ืื™ืฆื˜, ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืžืึธืœ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ ืืžื•ื ื” ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจืึทืคึผืจื™ื™ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ ื•ื•ืึธืจืฆืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ. ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื™ืกื•ื“ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื”ืึทืจื˜, ืขืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืึทืคื™ื™ื“. โ€

Rizzo ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึทื– OpenTitan ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ "ืึท ืจืึทื“ื™ืงืึทืœื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคึผืขืจืึทื ื˜ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ื ื’ื–."

ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก, OpenTitan ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ืง ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ืง. ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ืœื™ื‘ืจืึทื˜ืœื™ ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกืคึผืขืกืึทืคืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืึทื– ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ืงืขืŸ ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฆืŸ ืขืก, ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ืขืกืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ.

ืฆื• ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ OpenTitan ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืก, ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืฆื•ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืกืขืจื˜ืึทืคื™ื™ื“. ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึทืœื›ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜.

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืœืขืš ื”ืึธืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืžื™ื˜ DDoS ืฉื•ืฅ, VPS VDS ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก ๐Ÿ”ฅ ืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ืคืึทืจืœืขืกืœืขื›ืข ื•ื•ืขื‘ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืœ ื”ืึธืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ DDoS ืฉื•ืฅ, VPS VDS ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก | ProHoster