C ++ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืคืขืงืฅ ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ C ++ ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื”ื•ื™ืš ืงืึธื“ ืžื“ืจื’ื”? ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ CatBoost ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื˜ืขืง Evgeniy Petrov ื’ืขืขื ื˜ืคืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืจืื’ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคื™ืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืœื•ืกื˜ืจืืฆื™ืขืก ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ CatBoost ืคึฟืึทืจ x86_64.

ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜

ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขื


- ื ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ. ืื™ืš ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ CatBoost ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื˜ืขืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืคึผื•. ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื˜ืขืง ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ C ++. ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜.

C ++ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜

ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื™ื™ึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืฉื•ื–ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื, ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืขืก ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“. ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืขื“ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ืื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ืคึผื•ื˜.

C ++ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜

ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืงืกืœ ืื•ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืกืขืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ืœื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคื•ืกื’ื™ื™ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ืึทื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืขืจืขืš ื“ื™ ืึทืจื•ืžืคืึธืจืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืึทืกืึทื–ืฉื™ืจ ืคืœืึทืš.

ืฆื• ื’ืœืึทื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื“ืขื ื—ื™ืœื•ืง, ื“ื™ ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืœืขื•ื•ืขืœืก ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทื˜ืฉื™ื ื’. ื“ื™ ืคืึทืกื˜ืึทืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงืœืขื ืกื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– L1 ืงืึทืฉ. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ืื•ืŸ ืกืœืึธื•ืขืจ ืงืึทืฉ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืงืึทืฉ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื’ืึทื‘ื™ื˜ืขืก, ืึท ื“ืจื™ื˜-ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืงืึทืฉ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืกืœืึธื•ืึทืกื˜.

C ++ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜

ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืงืกืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ืึทื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–, ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืงืึธื“ ืื™ื– ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืงืœืืกืŸ. ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœืึทืก ืื™ื– ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ืขื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื‘ืึทื ื“ื•ื•ื™ื“ื˜, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืงืกืœ. ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข ืงืœืึทืก ืื™ื– ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ืขื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ื“ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื™ื•ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ ืึท ืงืึธื“-ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจื“ื™ืง.

ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืงืึธื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืœืึทื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜, ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ื•ื˜ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืขื“, ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื‘ืจืขืจื™ื–, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืขืก ืžืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ืึทื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธื“, ืฆื• ืงื•ืงืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื˜ืขืง ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ. ืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ืจ.

C ++ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื ื•ื—ื”, ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื™ืœืขืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืึทืœืฅ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืึท ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ืขื“ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ ืื™ื– ืคืืจื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’. ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ื–ื™ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ืึทืจื“ืก ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจ ื–ื™ื™? ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืคืจืึธื ื˜ืขื ื“ ืขื“ื’ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ื“ืขืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ื–, ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืขืœ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื™ืœืขืจ; LLVM; GNU ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืึธื ื˜ืขื ื“ ืžื™ื™ืงืจืึธืกืึธืคึฟื˜.

ื–ื™ื ื˜ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื™ืœืขืจื– ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึธืคื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืคึผืึทื˜ืขืจื ื– ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ืึทื ืกื™ื–. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ, ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืœื™ื ืขืึทืจ ืกืขืงืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ืกื™ื™ืงืึทืœื–, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืกื™ืงื•ื•ืึทื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืกื˜ืจืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ื™ื‘ืขืจื›ืึทื–ืขืจื•ื ื’. ื–ื™ื™ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืึธืคื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ืึทื ืกื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืกืึทื›ืึทืงืœ ืคื™ืœืข ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ, ื™ื™ึทื ื‘ืจืึธืš ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜-ื“ื•ืจืš-ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžืขืจ ืขืจื™ื™ื–.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก? ื“ืขื ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืขืจืขืš ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ; ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ืœืขืจืก ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–.

C ++ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜

ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœืขืœื™ื–ืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืึท ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื–ืึทืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื™ืœืขืจื–. ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ - ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื˜ืึทืงืข ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ: ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœืขืœื™ื–ืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ืœืขืจืก ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืจืขื›ื˜ ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ ืฉื ืขืœ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื“ ืื™ื–. ืžื™ืจ, ื“ื™ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก, ืื•ื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก, ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฉืœื•ืก - ืฆื• ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžื™ื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ.

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜, ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืžืึธืจื˜ื™ื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจื›ืขื“, ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืงืึทืœืœืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ืื™ื– ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ.

ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœืขืœื™ื–ืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ืฉืึทืŸ. ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ: ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš, ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ, ื“ื™ืคึผืจื™ืฉื™ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกืžืึทื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืงื™ื™ึทื˜, ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืคื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืงื•ืงืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืœื ืขืงืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื“.

ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคื™ื™ืกื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืึทื‘ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื•ื ื“ืึทืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ ื˜ืขืงื ื™ืงืก. ื–ืืœ ืก ืงื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ืขื ืœืขืš ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืงืึธื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืงืึทื ื“ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืงืึธื“ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืกื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืจืึทื“ื™ืขื ื˜ ืื•ืคึฟืŸ.

C ++ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜

ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืื™ื ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืง, ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท IDerCalcer ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึทืœืงื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ืขืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื•ื•ืขืจ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉื™ืคืฅ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืกื–ืึธื’ืŸ (ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื’ื ืึธื–) ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืึทื“ื™ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื•ื•ืขืจ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข.

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื•ืง ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™-ื“ื™ืžืขื ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืคืึทืœ. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ, ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืกื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ึท, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื™ืึทื ื–, ื˜ืขื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ. ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ื–ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื’ื•ื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืึธื“ ืื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื•ื•ืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 10 ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ.

C ++ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜

ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ืœ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืกื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืขืก ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ื•ื•ื™ ืœืึทื ื’ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื™ื‘ืขืจืจื•ืง ื“ืขื ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืกื–ืึธื’ืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึธื‘ื™ืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืจื•ืง. ื“ื™ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืงืึทื ื“ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืคืึทืจืคืขืกื˜ื™ืงื˜, ืื™ื– 40 ืžื™ื–.

C ++ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜

ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืœืฉ ื“ืึธ. ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื–ืึทืš ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทื˜ืจืึทืงืฅ ื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืึทืžืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืจื•ืคื˜. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ืงื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธืคื™ืœืขืจ, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ืขืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจืก, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฃ ืฆื• ืฆืขืŸ ื™ื ืกื˜ืจืึทืงืฉืึทื ื–. ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘, ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคืึทืœ, ืงืึทืœืงื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื– ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืึทืจื™ื˜ืžืขื˜ื™ืง ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–, ื“ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ืœื™ื™ื›ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจื›ืขื“. ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืึทืœืงื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ืขืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืขืจืขืš. ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืงื•ืจืฅ ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืึทืœืงื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฅ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ - ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืืคื™ืœื• 500 ืื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืงืฆื™ืขืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ 20, 50 ืึธื“ืขืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ - ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜. ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ? ื–ืืœ ืก ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ืึทืžืึธืจื˜ื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื˜ืฉืึทื ื’ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“.

C ++ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜

ื˜ื›ื™ืœืขืก, ืžื™ืจ ืงืึทืœืงื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื“ืขืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ื– ืคื•ื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–, ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืกืขืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ืœื™. ื–ืืœ ืก ืžืึทืš ืคื•ืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜-ื“ื•ืจืš-ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’. ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ C ++ ืžื•ืกื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื•ื•ืขืงื˜ืึธืจ. ืึธื“ืขืจ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื™ืœืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ืึทืจื˜, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืึท ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ื›ืึธื•ืžืžื™ื™ื“ ืงืœืึทืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืกื˜ืึธืจื– ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ืœ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก. ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื“ ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ? ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ืคืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืึทืœืงื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฅ ื“ืขืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ื–, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ืฉืœื™ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื˜ืึทืงืข ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืกื–ืึธื’ืŸ.

C ++ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜

ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ืฆื™ืงืœ, ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ ืžืึธืœ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืกื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืึทื“ื™ืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื ืึธืจ ืงืึทืœืงื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ ืžืึธืœ.

C ++ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜

ืœืืžื™ืจ ืขืก ื ืื›ืืžืืœ ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื–ืขืœื‘ืŸ ืžืืฉื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขืŸ ืื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืจ, ืขืคืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ. ื–ืืœ ืก ืคื™ื’ื•ืจ ืื•ื™ืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขื˜ืจืืคืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืงืึธื“.

C ++ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ื ื˜ ืฆื• ืกืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜ื™ื“ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ืงืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืึธืคื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืžื•ืกื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื™ืœืขืจื– ื“ืขืจืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžื™ื™ื– ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜. ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคึผืขืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืจื•ืคืŸ.

C ++ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืงืจื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื•ื•ืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ืคึผื™ื˜ื™ื“ืœื™ ืคืึธืจืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืขืก - ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื• ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื›ืึธืฉืขื“ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื. ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืกืœืึธื•ื– ืึทืจืึธืคึผ, ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื™ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื“ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืจื•ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืื™ื– ืคืœื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง.

C ++ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ื– ืื™ื– ืงืึทืœืงื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“, ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื• ืึท ืฉืœื™ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉื™ืคืฅ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืกื–ืึธื’ืŸ. ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืฆื™ืงืœ, ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึท ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื ืขืœ LXNUMX ืงืึทืฉ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜. ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื’ืœื™ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ื’ืจื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ ืึท ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืœื™ื›ื˜. ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ื’ืข ื“ืื˜ื ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ื•ืคื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืงืืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ืงืœ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืืŸ ืืคื“ืขื™ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจืื•ื™ืกื–, ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืื˜ื ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ ืžืึธืœ. ืื‘ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืขืก ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืกืœืึธื•ืœื™, ืื™ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜.

C ++ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืึท ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืกื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืžื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ื– ืื™ืŸ ืึทืžืึธืœ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืฆื• ืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืคึผืึทืงืก ืฆื• ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ืฆื™ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืงืึทืœืœืก. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืฉืคึผืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ืขื–ืฉื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ื– ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผื“ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืกื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึทืงืก ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื–. ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื• ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ?

C ++ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜

ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ L1 ืงืึทืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึทืžืขืœืขืš ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ืขื ื‘ืœืึธืง ื’ืจื™ื™ืก.

C ++ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืึทืœ ืฆื• ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ ื“ืขื ื“ืขืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ ืงืึทืœืงื•ืœืึทื˜ืึธืจ ื–ื™ืš, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื ืึธืจ ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœ ืงืึทืฉ ืขืจ ื“ืึทืจืฃ. ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืจื™ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืœื™ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงื•ืงืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื’ืข. ืขืก ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™. ื“ื™ ื•ื™ืกื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืกื˜ ืฉืœื™ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึทืงืก, ืื•ืŸ ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึธืง ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืึธืœ.

C ++ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜

ื“ืึธ ืขืก ืื™ื–, ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึทืงืก.

C ++ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื™ื ืขืจืœืขืš ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึธืง.

C ++ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜

ืžื™ืจ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื‘ืœืึธืง ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜.

C ++ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜

ื–ืืœ ืก ื–ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื. ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขืŸ ืึทื– ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืกื˜ ืจืขื›ื˜, ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื“, ืžื™ืจ ืจื™ื“ื•ืกื˜ ื“ื™ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื›ื˜ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขื ื˜. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืขืจ. ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืงื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ. ืงื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึฟื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืึทืœืงื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฅ ื“ืขืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–. ืขืก ืงืขืจื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึท ื•ื•ืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ื– ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืึทืžืขืœืขืš ืฆื• ืึทืงืกืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืึทื ืคื™ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก.

C ++ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜

ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช. ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ, ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืงื•ืคึผืข. ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืึทื– ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื—ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืคื™ืœืข ืžืึธืœ. ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื›ื™ืกืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื™ื– ืึทื– ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืžืึธืœ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ, ืžื™ืกื˜ืึธืžืข ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึท ืึทื“ืจืขืก. ื“ืขืจ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ "ืงืึทืœื˜" ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึท ืงืึทืฉ ืคื•ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’, ื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ืฉ ืึทื– ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ื, ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ืึท ืึทื’ื–ื™ืœื™ืขืจื™ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื™ื ื™ืฉืึทืœื™ื™ื– ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืฉ.

ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืจื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืœื™ื™ืฃ. ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก, ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ, ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืงื˜ืึธืจืก ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืš ืงืึธื“.

C ++ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืง - ืจื™ืžื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ืึทืœืข ืžืึทื ื™ืคึผื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืœื ืขืงืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืงืึธื“. ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึท ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ CalcDer ืื•ืคึฟืŸ, ืงื•ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ื•ื•ื• ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ื– ื–ืึธืœ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ.

C ++ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜

ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื“ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืœืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ื– ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ, ืึทืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืœื•ืคึผืก, ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืื•ืคึฟืŸ.

C ++ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜

ืœืืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื”ืŸ. ืขืก ื•ื•ืฒึทื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก, ืึทื– ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื“ื™ื ื˜ ื‘ืขืจืš ืึทื›ื˜ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขื ื˜ ืžืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคึฟืจื™ึดืขืจื“ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื’ืœืฒึทืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื–ืขึพื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข โ€” ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 15%.

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ ืึทื– ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ืขื“ ืฆื• ืึทืžืึธืจื˜ื™ื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจื›ืขื“ ืงืึธืก, ืึทื– ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืœื ืขืงืก.

C ++ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜

ืฆื• ืื™ืœื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืงื•ืงืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืœื ืขืงืก, ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืงืึธื“. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืื™ืš ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทื˜ืจื™ืฅ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคึผืึธืกืข. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืžืึทื˜ืจื™ืฅ ืึทืคึผืคึผืจืึธืงืก ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืžืึทื˜ืจื™ืฅ ืึทืคึผืคึผืจืึธืงืกื‘ื™ืงืึธืœ ื•ื•ื• ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคึผืึธืกืขื“ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ื ืขืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืฉืœื™ื™ืฃ. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืงืึทืœืœืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ ื“ืึธ. ืขืก ืก ื ืึธืจ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคืขืจื™ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ. ื“ื™ ืฉืœื™ื™ืฃ ืื™ื– ืœืขืคื™ืขืจืขืš ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื™ืœืขืจ-ืคืจื™ื™ึทื ื“ืœืขืš.

ื–ืืœ ืก ืžืขืกื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขื ืงืึธื“ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืคืขืจืœื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืžืึทื˜ืจื™ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ.

C ++ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜

ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืื™ืš ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืึธื•ื– ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ 1000, ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืคืืœื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ 100. ื“ื™ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืึทืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืœ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ, ืื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ. ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืึทื–ื•ื™, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื–, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืึทืœืข ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืึธืคืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ. ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืžืืกื˜ืŸ ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ 000 ืก. ืื™ื– ืขืก ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ? ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆื™ื™ื˜?

C ++ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜

ืžื™ืจ ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ 800 ืžืขื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึท ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคึผืึธืกืขื“ ืžืึทื˜ืจื™ืฅ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœ. ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ 1,6 ื’ื™ื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคึผืึธืกืขื“ ืžืึทื˜ืจื™ืฅ. ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจ ืคึผืขืจืคืึธืจืžื– ืึท ืึทื’ื–ื™ืœื™ืขืจื™ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื™ื ื™ืฉืึทืœื™ื™ื– ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืฉ.

C ++ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜

ื–ืืœ ืก ืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœ ื‘ืึทื ื“ื•ื•ื™ื“ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื ื•ืฆื™ืง. ืขืก ื˜ื•ืจื ืก ืื•ื™ืก ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื•ืคึผื•ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงืึธื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 1,7 ื’ื™ื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ / s.

C ++ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื˜ืขืึธืจืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธืคื™ืœืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืžืขืกื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ. ืื™ืš ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ VTune. ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ื–ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื˜. ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื˜ ืึท ืขื ืœืขืš ืคื™ื’ื•ืจ - 1,8 ื’ื™ื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜. ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผ, ืขืก ืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ื’ื•ื˜, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื›ืขื–ืฉื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืึทื– ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื•ื“ืขืจืŸ ืึทื“ืจืขืกืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืœ ืึทื“ืจืขืกืขืก. ืคึผืœื•ืก, VTune ืœืึธื’ืก ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืžืึธื“ืขืœ ืื™ื– ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึทืงื˜.

ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ 1,7 ื’ื™ื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ืคื™ืœ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ, ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืžืึทืงืกื™ืžื•ื ื‘ืึทื ื“ื•ื•ื™ื“ื˜ ืื™ื– ื‘ืืจืขื›ื˜ื™ื’ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–.

ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก, ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจ ืกืคึผืขืงืก. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ื•ื•ืขื‘ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืœ ark.intel.com, ื•ื•ื• ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืกืคึผืึทืกื™ืคื™ืงืœื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ, ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขืŸ ืึทื– ืขืก ื”ืื˜ ืึทื›ื˜ ืงืึธืจืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืกื˜ืึทืกื˜ DDR3 ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ื‘ืขืขืจืขืš 60 ื’ื™ื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ / s ืื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’.

C ++ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธ ืžื™ืจ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืึทื– ืžื™ืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืกืœืึธื•ืขืจ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืึธื’ ื“ื™ 60 ื’ื™ื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื˜ื ืึธื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืึธืจืฆื™ืข ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืจืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืึธืคื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜.

ืขืก ื˜ื•ืจื ืก ืื•ื™ืก ืึทื– ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงืึธื“ ืงืขืŸ ื ื•ืฆืŸ 5,3 ื’ื™ื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’. ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœืขืœ, ื™ื™ื“ื™ืœื™, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ื ืึธืจ ืงืึทืคึผื™ื“ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ืฆื• ืึธืจื˜, ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ 10,6. ื–ื™ื ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ, ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืขืจืขืš 8 ื’ื™ื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ / s. ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ ืึทื– ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ 1,7. ืึทื– ืื™ื–, ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 20%.

ืคืืจื•ื•ืืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคึผืึทืกื™ืจืŸ? ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืื™ื– ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืฉ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคืขืจื“ ื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ื™ื˜ืจืึทืจื™ืฉ ืคึผืึทืงื™ืฅ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ 64 ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืก, ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ื•ื ื’.

C ++ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜

ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืึทื– ืžื™ืจ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคึผืึธืกืขื“ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืกืึทืงื•ื•ืขื ื˜ืฉืึทืœื™, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืจืึทื ื“ืึทืžืœื™, ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืจืึธื•ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทื˜ืจื™ืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืึทื ืคึผืจื™ื“ื™ืงื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ื•ื•ืขื’.

ืขืก ื˜ื•ืจื ืก ืื•ื™ืก ืึทื– ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื ื•ืžืขืจ, ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ 64 ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ืึธื ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทื˜ืจื™ืฅ ื•ื•ื™ ืขืŸ, ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžืึทืœ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ (N/5,3 + N/10,6), ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ (8*N/5,3 + N/10,6). ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืคื™ืจ-ืคื™ื ืฃ ืžืืœ ืžืขืจ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ื“ืขื 20% ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืงื™ื™ึทื˜.

C ++ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื? ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืœ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœืข ืฉืคืืœื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึทืฉ ืฉื•ืจื” (64 ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืก). ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก, ืžื™ืจ ืฉืคึผืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืœื™ื™ืฃ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืฉืคืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฉืœื™ื™ืฃ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืงืึทืฉ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื ืขืกื˜ืขื“ ืฉืœื™ื™ืฃ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืงืึทืฉ ืฉื•ืจื” ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ.

C ++ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜

ื“ืึธ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ, ื™ื˜ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืงืึทืฉ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช.

C ++ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ, ื™ื˜ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืฉ ืฉื•ืจื”. ื“ืึธ, ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึผืึทืฉื˜ืขืก, ืžื™ืจ ื™ื‘ืขืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืœื™ื™ื ื“ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืงืึทืฉ ืฉื•ืจื” ื’ืจืขื ืขืฅ. ืื™ืฆื˜ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืก ื˜ืฉืขืง ื•ื•ืึธืก ื›ืึทืคึผืึทื ื– ื ื™ืฆืŸ VTune.

C ++ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜

ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขืŸ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืขื ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืงืึทืœืงื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืึทื›ื˜ ื’ื™ื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ ืคึผืขืจ ืกืขืงื•ื ื“ืข - 7,6. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึท ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ 7,6 ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜. ืืคึฟืฉืจ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจื›ืขื“.

ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœ ื ื•ืฅ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืžืขืกื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ. ืขืก ื˜ื•ืจื ืก ืื•ื™ืก 0,5 ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ. ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื ื“ื•ื•ื™ื“ื˜ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคึผืึธืกื™ื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ 4,8 ื’ื™ื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ / s. ืžืขืŸ ืงืขืŸ ื–ืขืŸ ืื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ืืš ื“ื ื ืจืขื–ืขืจื•ื• ื•ื•ืืก ืžื™ืจ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ, ืื‘ืขืจ ื“ืืš, ืคื•ืŸ 20 ืคืจืืฆืขื ื˜ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ 60 ืคืจืืฆืขื ื˜.

ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธืคื™ืœืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ 80% ืึธื“ืขืจ 95%.

C ++ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜

ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืื™ื– ืึทื– ืžื™ืจ ืงืจืึธื ืžืึทื˜ืจื™ืกื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื•ื•ืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืงื˜ืึธืจืก, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ืžื™ืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืึทืงืกืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืึธืคึผืœ ื™ื ื“ื™ืจืขืงืฉืึทืŸ.

C ++ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜

ื ื™ืฆืŸ VTune, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ื ืกื˜ืจืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ืฆื• ืึทืงืกืขืก ืžืขื ื’ืข ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ. ืื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืงืฆื™ืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื“ืจืขืกืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืคืืœื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคึผืึธืกืขื“ ืžืึทื˜ืจื™ืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื›ื™ื™ืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ืงืก. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ, ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ, ื ืึธืš ื™ื ืกื˜ืจืึทืงืฉืึทื ื–, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื ืก, ื ืึธืš ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคืขืจืก. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžื™ื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ, ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืก ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืกืึทืžืขืจื™ื™ื–.

C ++ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ: ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื™ืึทื ื“ืขืงืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜

ืฐืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืืฒึทืš ื”ืฒึทื ื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆืฒืœื˜? ื ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ืขืฆื” ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืงืึธื“ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึทืงืก, ืึทืžืึธืจื˜ื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจื›ืขื“ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืงืึทืœืœืก, ืœืžืฉืœ. ืคึผืœื•ืก, ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืœืึทืงื™ื ื’, ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ื–, ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืึทืงืกืขืก ืกืคึผื™ื“ื–.

ืจื™ืžื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ืึทืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืœื ืขืงืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึทืžืึธืจื˜ื™ื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื™ื ืงืจื™ืกื™ื ื’ ืึทืงืกืขืก ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคื™ืงืกื™ืจ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœื™ืง ื‘ืึทืคืขืจื– ืื™ืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ.

ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืคื™ืœื™ื ื’. ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ, ืคึผืจืึธืคื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืึท ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขืจื’ื™ื™ื•ื ื’ ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืœื ืขืงืก "ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ." ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื ืก, ืขืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื• ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื“, ื‘ืึทืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ืฆื™ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ืคึฟืจื™ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžื™ื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืจื™ืจืŸ.

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึทืœืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ CatBoost ืึธื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืžืึธืœ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื–, ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ Habrรฉ, ืงื•ื ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ื”ื•ื‘, ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ ืฆื• ื˜ืขืœืขื’ืจืึทื. ื“ืึทื ืงืขืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคื™ืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืึทืžืงื™ื™ึทื˜.

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com