ืึธืจืงืขืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ MySQL: ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืึท ืฉื•ืœื“-ื˜ืึธืœืขืจืึทื ื˜ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืึธืŸ ืขืก

ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืกื˜ืึทืจื˜ืขื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก. ืื™ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ DB ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ, ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืกืœืึทื•ื•ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืขืก ืฆื• ื•ื•ืึธื’ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ - ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ! ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืœ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ืกืœืึทื•ื•ืขืก; ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืœืึทื•ื•ืขืก ืœืึธื–ืŸ, ืึทืœืฅ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืœ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ, ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜: ื“ืึทื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื, ืึทื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืึธืจืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื›ืึทืคึผืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ. ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ? ืจืขื–ืขืจื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ ืึท ื‘ืขืœ. ืžื™ื™ึทืŸ ืงืึธืœืขื’ืข ืคึผืึทื•ื•ืขืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ ืขืก ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื—ื–ืจืŸ. ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืึธืจืงืขืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ MySQL!

ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืงืฉื™ื: "ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธื“ ืฆื• ืึท ื ื™ื™ึท ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืœ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ?"

  • ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืกื›ืขืžืข ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืคึผ (ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ IP), ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื ืื•ื ื˜ืŸ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืกื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืงืœืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืขืก ื”ืื˜ ืึท ืงืœืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ื‘ืึทื’ืจืขื ืขืฆื•ื ื’: ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืœ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืจืขื–ืขืจื•ื•ื™ืจืŸ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ L2 ืึธืคึผืฉื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึท ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข DC. ืื•ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ึทื ื“ืœืขืš ื•ื•ืขื’, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื ืึธื›ืคืึธืœื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ึผืœืœื™ื ืึทื– ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืœ 2 ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื™ื–, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืœ 2 ืื™ื– ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืคึผืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœ, ืื•ืŸ ืœ 3 ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึทืงืก, ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืกื›ืขืžืข ื”ืื˜ ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืขืจ ืจื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืงืฉืึทื ื–.
  • ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืึท ื“ื ืก ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื“ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืขืก ื“ื•ืจืš /etc/hosts. ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜, ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึทื›ืœืึธื˜ืข. ื“ื™ ืžื™ื™ึทืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืกื›ืขืžืข: ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืคึฟืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ืึท ืงืจื™ื™ึทื–-ื“ืง. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืงืœืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืงืฉื™ื ืขืจื™ื™ื–ืึทื–: ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืฆื• /etc/hosts ื“ื•ืจืš Puppet-Ansible?
  • ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข ืื•ืคึฟืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ: ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืงืึทื˜ืฉื™ื ื’ ื“ื ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœืข ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก, ื“ื•ืจืš ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืงืึธื“ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืœ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก. ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ TTL 60 ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ื ืก. ืขืก ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืึทื– ืื•ื™ื‘ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง, ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืคึฟืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ื•ื˜.
  • ื ืกื›ืขืžืข ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ื ืกื˜ ื•ืคื“ืขืงื•ื ื’, ื™ืžืคึผืœื™ื™ื– ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ืกื•ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืง.
  • ืึท ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ProxySQL. ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืžืึทืจืฉืจื•ื˜ ืึทืœืข ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืฆื• MySQL ื“ื•ืจืš ProxySQL; ProxySQL ื–ื™ืš ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืœ. ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ.

ื“ืขืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจื˜ืฉืขืกื˜ืขืจ, ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ื”ื•ื‘, ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืกื›ืขืžืข ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืคึผ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึทืŸ ืงืึธื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขื“ ืขืก ืฆื• ืึท ืกื›ืขืžืข ืžื™ื˜ ืงืึธื ืกื•ืœ.

ื˜ื™ืคึผื™ืฉ ื™ื ืคืจืึทืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกืœื™ื™ื’:

ืึธืจืงืขืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ MySQL: ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืึท ืฉื•ืœื“-ื˜ืึธืœืขืจืึทื ื˜ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืึธืŸ ืขืก
ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืžื™ื“ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ:

  • ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืคึผ ืึทื“ืจืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก. ืœืืžื™ืจ ื–ื™ืš ืคืืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ืข: ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืื˜ ืจืขื‘ืื˜ื™ืจื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขืช ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขืœืื“ืŸ, ืื™ื– ืืจืงืขืกื˜ืขืจื˜ืืจ ืืจื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืขื™ืœืื•ื•ืขืจ ืžืึธื“ืข ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืงืœืืคืŸ ืคืืจ ื ื‘ืขืœ; ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืึทืœื˜ ื‘ืขืœ ืจื•ื™ื–, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืคึผ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืงืึทืจืก. ื“ืืก ืื™ื– ืฉืœืขื›ื˜.
  • ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืึธืจืงืขืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ, ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืึท ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืœื˜ ื‘ืขืœ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึท ื‘ืขืœ. ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืึทืœื˜ ื‘ืขืœ ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ifdown, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึท ื‘ืขืœ - ifup vip. ืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ื™ึทืŸ ืฆื• ืื•ื™ืš ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคื™ื™ืœืึธื•ื•ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืึทืœื˜ ื‘ืขืœ ืก ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืฆื• ื•ื™ืกืžื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืกืคึผืœื™ื˜ ื‘ืจืึทื™ืŸ.
  • ื ืึธืš ืึธืจืงืขืกื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขืจื•ืคึฟืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ ืฆื• ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ VIP ืื•ืŸ / ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืœืขืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึทืŸ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ VIP ืจื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื‘ืขืœ, ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจืคึผื™ื ื’ ื‘ืึทืคึฟืขืœ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข VIP ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ื“ืึธ.
  • ืึทืœืข ืกืœืึทื•ื•ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ read_only=1, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ืึทืœื“ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ื”ืขื›ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืงืœืึทืฃ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืœ, ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ read_only=0.
  • ื“ื• ื–ืืœืกื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืึทื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืงืœืึทืฃ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึท ื‘ืขืœ (ืึธืจืงืขืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ื”ืื˜ ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื™ื™ื‘ืขืจื”ืึทื ื˜ ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉืงืœืึทืฃ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืงืึทื ื“ื™ื“ืึทื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึท ื‘ืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืึธืจื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข ืึธืจื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉืงืœืึทืฃ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ึท ืึทืœืข ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืื ื“ืŸ ื‘ืขืœ). ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืงืœืึทืฃ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึท ื‘ืขืœ, ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืกืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืฉืงืœืึทืฃ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืกืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืœ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ, ื“ืึธืก ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ.

ืคืืจื•ื•ืืก ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืึธืจืงืขืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ?

  • ืึธืจื˜ืฉืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ืึท ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ-ืคืจื™ื™ึทื ื“ืœืขืš ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืงืึทืœ ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ืกืคึผืœื™ื™ื– ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ื˜ืึธืคึผืึธืœืึธื’ื™ (ื–ืขืŸ ืกืงืจืขืขื ืฉืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืŸ).
  • ืึธืจืงืขืกื˜ืขืจื˜ืึธืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฉืคึผื•ืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืกืœืึทื•ื•ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืœืึทื’ื™ื ื’ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื• ืจืขืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืฆืขื‘ืจืื›ืŸ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ (ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืกืงืจื™ืคึผืก ืึทื˜ืึทื˜ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ืึธืจื˜ืฉืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฉื™ืงืŸ SMS).
  • ืึธืจื˜ืฉืขืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืกืœืึทื•ื•ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท GTID ืขืจืึทื ื˜.

ืึธืจืงืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“:

ืึธืจืงืขืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ MySQL: ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืึท ืฉื•ืœื“-ื˜ืึธืœืขืจืึทื ื˜ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืึธืŸ ืขืก
ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– GTID ืขืจืจืึทื ื˜?

ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืจืขืงื•ื•ื™ืจืขืžืขื ืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึธืจืงืขืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ:

  • ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืึทื– ืคึผืกืขื•ื•ื“ืึธ GTID ืื™ื– ืขื ื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœืข ืžืืฉื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ MySQL ืงื ื•ื™ืœ; ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ GTID ืขื ื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœื“.
  • ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืึทื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ืœืึธื’ืก ืื•ืžืขื˜ื•ื, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืึท ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื•ื ื’. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืœ ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืกืœืึทื•ื•ืขืก ื”ืื˜ ืจืึธื•ื•, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉ ืคืืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืžื™ืฉื˜ ืžืึธื“ืข. ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜, ืึธืจื˜ืฉืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืœืึทื•ื•ืขืก ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึท ื‘ืขืœ.

ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื–ืึทืš ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข ืฉืงืœืึทืฃ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืกื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืœ! ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืœืื‘ืืœืข ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืฉื™ื™ึทืŸ (GTID) ืขื ื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืงืœืึทืฃ, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ gtid_subset ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืฆื™ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืจื™ืงื•ื•ืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืงืฉืœื™ ืขืงืกืึทืงื™ื•ื˜ืึทื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืžืืฉื™ื ืขืŸ. ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืึธ.

ืื–ื•ื™, ืึธืจืงืขืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ GTID ืขืจืึทื ื˜ ืึทื– ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืฉืงืœืึทืฃ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืœ. ืคืืจื•ื•ืืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ?

  • Read_only=1 ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืขื ื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืฉืงืœืึทืฃ, ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ืึท ื‘ืงืฉื” ืฆื• ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ.
  • Super_read_only=1 ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืขื ื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืฉืงืœืึทืฃ, ื“ืขืจ ืึทื“ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ, ื ืึธืš ืฆืขืžื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขื ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ, ืื™ื– ืืจื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืขืงืกืึทืงื™ื•ื˜ืึทื“ ื“ื™ ื‘ืงืฉื” ื“ืึธืจื˜.
  • ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืคื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ืง: ืื™ืŸ MySQL, ืึท ื‘ืงืฉื” ืฆื• ื•ื™ืกืฉืขืคึผืŸ ื‘ื™ื ืœืึธื’ืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ืœืึธื’, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ึท ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืคืœืึทืฉ, ืึท GTID ืขืจืึทื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืœ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืกืœืึทื•ื•ืขืก. ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื•ื™ืกืžื™ื™ึทื“ืŸ ื“ืขื? ืคึผืขืจืึธื ืึท-5.7.25-28 ื™ื ื˜ืจืึธื•ื“ื•ืกื˜ ื“ื™ binlog_skip_flush_commands=1 ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคึผืจืึธื•ื›ื™ื‘ืึทืฅ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืฆื• ื‘ื™ื ืœืึธื’ืก. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึทืŸ ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ mysql.com ื•ื•ืขื‘ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืœ ื–ืฉื•ืง.

ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืกืึทืžืขืจื™ื™ื– ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืจืงืขืกื˜ืขืจื˜ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทื™ืœืึธื•ื•ืขืจ ืžืึธื“ืข ื ืึธืš, ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืึธื‘ืกืขืจื•ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ืžืึธื“ืข. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ืžืึทืคึผืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ MySQL ืžืืฉื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ, ืฆื™ ื“ื™ ืกืœืึทื•ื•ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืœืึทื’ื™ื ื’ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ื™ืžืคึผืึธืจื˜ืึทื ื˜ืœื™, ื•ื•ื™ ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืœ!

ื“ื™ ืงืœืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืงืฉื™ื ืื™ื–: "ื•ื•ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืึธืจืงืขืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜?" ืขืจ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึท ื‘ืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ืกืœืึทื•ื•ืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึทืŸ ืจื™ืงืึทื ืขืงื˜ ืึทืœืข ืกืœืึทื•ื•ืขืก ืฆื• ืขืก (ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก GTID ืื™ื– ื“ืืจืฃ ืคึฟืึทืจ; ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืœื˜ ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื ืžื™ื˜ binlog_name ืื•ืŸ binlog_pos, ื“ืึทืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืึท ืฉืงืœืึทืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ื‘ืขืœ ืฆื• ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข. ืื™ื– ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขืš!). ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธืจืงืขืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ, ืื™ืš ืึทืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ืขื ืžืึทื ื™ื•ืึทืœื™. ื“ืขืจ ืึทืœื˜ ื‘ืขืœ ืื™ื– ื›ืึทื ื’ื’ื™ื ื’ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืึท ื•ื•ืึธื’ืŸ ืึทื“ืึทืคึผื˜ืขืง ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœืœืขืจ; ืขืก ื”ืื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 10 ืกืœืึทื•ื•ืขืก. ืื™ืš ื“ืืจืฃ ืฆื• ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืœ ืฆื• ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืœืึทื•ื•ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ืงืึทื ืขืงื˜ ืึทืœืข ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืกืœืึทื•ื•ืขืก ืฆื• ืื™ื. ื•ื•ื™ืคื™ืœ ืงืึทื ืกืึธื•ืœื– ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืขืคืขื ืขืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœืข ืกื™ื™ืžืึทืœื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ืึทืก ืงืึทืžืึทื ื“ื– ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืืจื™ื™ืŸ... ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– 3:XNUMX, ืึทืจืึธืคึผื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืกืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืึทืœืข ืกืœืึทื•ื•ืขืก ืึทื—ื•ืฅ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™, ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื‘ืขืœ, ืžื™ื“ ืฆื•ื˜ืฉืขืคึผืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ื, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืฆื•ื˜ืฉืขืคึผืขืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืฉืงืœืึทืฃ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึท ื‘ืขืœ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืกืข. ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืฉืจืขืงืœืขืš ...

ื•ื•ื™ ื˜ื•ื˜ ืึธืจืงืขืกื˜ืขืจื˜ืึธืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทื™ืœืึธื•ื•ืขืจ ืžืึธื“ืข? ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืœื™ื™ื›ื˜ ืื™ืœื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ื• ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืขืœ ืึท ืžืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง, ืžืขืจ ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜.

ืึธืจืงืขืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ MySQL: ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืึท ืฉื•ืœื“-ื˜ืึธืœืขืจืึทื ื˜ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืึธืŸ ืขืก
ื“ื™ ืคื™ื’ื•ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก. ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขื ืคื•ื ื˜? ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื–ืื’ื˜ ืึทื– ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืฉืงืœืึทืฃ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึท ื‘ืขืœ, ืึธืจืงืขืกื˜ืขืจื˜ืึธืจ ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืจื™ืงืึทื ืขืงื˜ ืึทืœืข ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืกืœืึทื•ื•ืขืก ืฆื• ืขืก, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึท ื‘ืขืœ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื“ื•ืจื›ืคืึธืจ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ. ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืกื›ืขืžืข, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืขืจืจืึธืจืก ืคืึทืœืŸ, ืึทืœืข ืกืœืึทื•ื•ืขืก ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ืึธืจืงืขืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืจื™ืžื•ื•ื•ื– ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืœื˜ ื‘ืขืœ, ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคืขืจืก ืขืก ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข, ืžืื›ื˜ read_only=0 ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืœื˜ ื‘ืขืœ. ืึทืœืข! ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื“ื™ื ืกื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืคึผ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– 2-3 ืกืขืงื•ื ื“ืขืก.

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึทืœืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜, ื“ืึทื ืงืขืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ. ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืึทืœื“ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึธืจืงืขืกื˜ืขืจื˜ืึธืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทืจื™ืžื˜ืŸ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืคึฟื™ืœื "ื’ืึทืจืึทื’ืข", ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜, "ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืคึฟืึธืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ื™ืกืคึฟืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’!" ืึทื–ื•ื™, ืึธืจื˜ืฉืขืกื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืจื™ืงืึทื ืึทืกืึทื ืก!

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’