ื ืืืกื ืืขื ืืืืึทืื ืืื ืื ืึธื ืืืื ืคืื ืึท ื ืืึท ืืืืคื ืืื ืืขื ืงืืจืก ืคึฟืื OTUS. ืืื ืืขื ืึทืืืื ื, ืืืจ ืืืึธืื ืืื ืฆื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืจ ืึท ืืืืขืจืืขืฆืื ื ืคืื ื ืืฆืืง ืืึทืืขืจืืึทื ืืืืฃ ืืขืจ ืืขืืข.
ื ืกืขืจืืข ืคืื โโโโืืืึธื ืึทืจืืืงืืขื ืืืืฃ ืขืฆืืช ืืื ืืจืืงืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืจืึธืืืืขืฉืึธืึธืืื ื IPv6 ืคึผืื ื ืืฉืื (ICMPv6 Echo Request / Echo Reply)
ืืืืข ืืึธื ืึทื ืืื ื ืืฆื ืืื ืืงืก (ืกืคึผืขืฆืืขื ืคืขืืึธืจืึท 31), ืึธืืขืจ ืื ืคึผืื ื ืืึทืคึฟืขื ืกืื ืืึทืงืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ืืขืจืข ืึธืคึผืขืจืืืืื ื ืกืืกืืขืืขื ืืึธื ืึทืืขืืืืึท ืืืื ืืืืขืจ ืขื ืืขื.
ืคึผืื ื ืึทืืข IPv6 ื ืึธืืื ืืืืฃ ืึท ืงืึทื ืึทื
ืืขืจ ืขืจืฉืืขืจ ืืื ืกืืืคึผืืึทืกื ืขืฆื ืืื ืฆื ืคึผืื ื ืึทืืข IPv6 ื ืึธืืื ืืืืฃ ืื ืืื ืง.
IPv6 ื ืืฆื ืืืืืืงืึทืกื ืึทืืจืขืกืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืืข ืืืืคึผืก ืคืื ืืืื-ืฆื-ืคืืืข ืงืึธืืื ืืงืึทืฆืืข. ืขืก ืืขื ืขื ืงืืื ืืจืึธืืงืึทืกื (ืึธืืขืจ ืืจืึธืืงืึทืกื) IPv6 ืึทืืจืขืกืขืก. ืืึธืก ืืืกืืื ืืืืืืฉืื IPv6 ืคืื IPv4, ืืื ืขืก ืืขื ืขื ืขืืืขืืข ืืืืคึผืก ืคืื ืืจืึธืืงืึทืกื ืึทืืจืขืก, ืืืฉื, ืื "ืืืืืืขื ืืจืึธืืงืึทืกื" ืึทืืจืขืก 255.255.255.255 [RFC1122].
ืึธืืขืจ, ืขืก ืืื ืึทื "ืึทืืข-ื ืึธืืขืก ืืืืืืงืึทืกื" IPv6 ืึทืืจืขืก, ืึทืืื ืืืจ ืืืขืื ื ืืฆื ืืขื ืฆื ืคึผืื ื ืึทืืข IPv6 ื ืึธืืื ืืืืฃ ืื ืืื ืง. (ื "ืืจืึธืืงืึทืกื" ืึทืืจืขืก ืืื ืคืืงืืืฉ ื ืึธืจ ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆืืขื ืืขืืืืกื ืืืืืืงืึทืกื ืึทืืจืขืก, ืืืึธืก ืืื ืึท ืืืืืืงืึทืกื ืืจืืคึผืข ืืืึธืก ืืืื ืึทืืข ื ืึธืืื. ืืึทืืขืจืงืื ื ืึทื, ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืืึทืฉืคึผืื, ืื "ืืจืืคึผืข" ืึธืืขืจ ืืืืืืงืึทืกื ืึทืืจืขืก ืืืกื ืืื ืืืืกืืขืืจืืื ืืืืฃ ืขืืืขืจื ืขื ืืจืึธืืงืึทืกื ืึทืืจืขืกืขืก ืืื ืื ืืื ืง ืฉืืืืข ).
ืึทืืข-ื ืึธืืขืก ืืืืืืงืึทืกื IPv6 ืึทืืจืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืขื ืงืึทื ืึทื: ff02::1. ff ืืื ืึธืืฅ ืึท ืืืืืืงืึทืกื IPv6 ืึทืืจืขืก. ืืขืจ ืืืืึทืืขืจ 0 ืืื ืืขืจ ืืืื ืคืื ืื ืคืึธื ืืื ืื ืกืขื ืืืื.
ืืืืึทืืขืจ 2 ืืืคืืื ื ืื ืฉืื ืคืื ืึท ืืืืืืงืึทืกื ืืจืืคึผืข. ื ืื ืขื ืืขื Multicast IPv4 ืึทืืจืขืกืขืก, Multicast IPv6 ืึทืืจืขืกืขืก ืืึธืื ืึท ืคืึทืจื ืขื. ืืขืจ ืคืึทืจื ืขื ืืืขืจื ืื ืืืงืืืฅ ืื ืืืื ืคืื ืื ื ืขืฅ ืืืืขืจ ืืืึธืก ืึท ืืืืืืงืึทืกื ืคึผืึทืงืึทื ืืื ืขืจืืืืื ืฆื ืืืื ืคืึธืจืืืขืจืืื. ืึทืืึธื ืึท ืคึผืึทืงืึทื ืจืืืฉืึทื ืื ืืจืขื ืขืฅ ืคืื ืื ืกืคึผืขืกืืคืืขื ืคืึทืจื ืขื, ืื ืคึผืึทืงืึทื ืืืื ืืืื ืืจืึทืคึผื, ืจืึทืืึทืจืืืึทืก ืคืื ืฆื ืืืื ืืึธืคึผ ืืจืืฃ ืคืขืื ืืื ื ืื ื ืื. ืคืื ืงืืจืก, ืืืื ืื ืืึธืคึผืงืขื ืฆืืืื ืจืืืฉืึทื ื ืื ืืืืืขืจ ืจืืืฉืื ื ืื ืกืคึผืขืกืืคืืขื ืืืืืืงืึทืกื ืืจืืคึผืข ืืจืขื ืขืฅ, ืขืก ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืึทืฉืืขืืืง. ืืึธ ืืื ืึท ืืึทื ืฅ ืจืฉืืื ืคืื IPv6 ืืืืืืงืึทืกื ืคืึทืจื ืขื.
ืืขืกืึธืฃ ::1 ืกืคึผืขืฆืืคืืฆืืจื ืึทื ืึทืืข-ื ืึธืืขืก ืืืืืืงืึทืกื ืืจืืคึผืข.
ืืืขืื ืืขื ืึทืืจืขืก ff02::1 ืขืก ืืึธื ืืืื ืื ืืขืืืืื ืึทื ืขืก ืืื ืึทืืืืืืืึทืก. ืืืืฃ ืึท IPv6 ืืึทืืขืืึธืก ืืื ืงืืืคื ืื ืืขืจืคืืืกืื, ืึทืืึท ืืื ืึท ืจืึทืืืขืจ ืึธืืขืจ ืืืืืืืึธืืขื ืืึทืืขืืึธืก, ืื ืึทืืจืขืก ff02::1 ืขืก ืืื ืืึธืจื ืืฉื ืืื ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืกืคึผืขืฆืืคืืฆืืจื ืืืึธืก ืฆืืืื ื ืฆื ืฉืืงื ICMPv6 ืขืงืึธื ืจืืงืืืขืก ืฆื ืึธืืขืจ ืืขืจืืืึทืจืื ืฆื ืืึทืงืืืขื ICMPv6 ืขืงืึธื ืจืืคึผืืืื ืืืขื ืืื ืึธื ืงืืืขื. ff02::1 ืืื ืืืืืืง ืืื ืงืขื ืขื ืืืื ืืขืืืืื ื ืืืืฃ ืงืืื ืคืื ืื ืื ืืขืจืคืืืกืื ืืื ืืฉืึทื ืึทืื ืึทืืึทืืฉื ืฆื ืื ืืืืื-ืฆืืืื ื ื ืึธืืข.
ืึทืืื ืืืขื ืืืจ ืคึผืื ื ืึทืืข IPv6 ื ืึธืืื ืืืืฃ ืึท ืืื ืง, ืืืจ ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืฆื ืขืคืขืก ืืืื ืืึธืื ืื ื ืืฆื ping ืคึฟืึทืจ IPv6, ืืืึธืก ืฆืืืื ื ืฆื ื ืืฆื.
ืืขืคืื ืืจื ืื ืืขืจืคืืืกืื - ืืึทืคึฟืขืื ืฉืืจื ืึธืคึผืฆืืข
ืืื ืืืจ ืืึธืื ืฉืืื ืืขืืขื, ืื ืึทืืข-ื ืึธืืขืก ืืืืืืงืึทืกื ืึทืืจืขืก ืืืึธืก ืืืจ ืืืืื ืฆื ื ืืฆื ืืื - ff02::1 - ืืื ืงืืื ืืื ืคึฟืึธืจืืึทืฆืืข ืืืขืื ืืืึธืก ืฆืืืื ื ืฆื ืฉืืงื ืืื ืืึทืงืืืขื ICMPv6 ืขืงืึธื ืืขืื ืืื ืขืงืึธื ืขื ืืคืขืจ ืคึผืึทืงืืฅ.
ืึทืืื, ืืื ืืึธื ืืืจ ืกืคึผืขืฆืืคืืฆืืจื ืื ืฆืืืื ื ืฆื ืืืื ืืขืืืืื ื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ืืืืืืงืึทืกื ืึทืืจืขืก ืคึผืืึทืฅ ืึธืืขืจ ืื ืืงืึทืกื ืืื ืง-ืืึธืงืึทื ืึทืืจืขืก ืคึผืืึทืฅ?
ืืขืจ ืขืจืฉืืขืจ ืืื ืืขืจืกื ืงืืึธืจ ืืื ืืขืจ ืืึธื ืืืขื ืืื ืฆื ืฆืืฉืืขืื ืขืก ืืื ืึท ืคึผืึทืจืึทืืขืืขืจ ืฆื ืื ืึทืคึผืืึทืงืืืฉืึทื ืืืจ ื ืืฆื.
ืคึฟืึทืจ ื ืืฆื ping ืืืจ ืฆืืฉืืขืื ืขืก ืืืจื ืื ืึธืคึผืฆืืข -I.
[mark@opy ~]$ ping -w 1 -I enp3s2 ff02::1
ping: Warning: source address might be selected on device other than: enp3s2
PING ff02::1(ff02::1) from :: enp3s2: 56 data bytes
64 bytes from fe80::1d36:1fff:fefd:82be%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.438 ms
64 bytes from fe80::f31c:ccff:fe26:a6d9%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.589 ms (DUP!)
64 bytes from fe80::7e31:f5ff:fe1b:9fdb%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=5.15 ms (DUP!)
64 bytes from fe80::f7f8:15ff:fe6f:be6e%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=58.0 ms (DUP!)
64 bytes from fe80::877d:4ff:fe1a:b881%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=62.3 ms (DUP!)
64 bytes from fe80::877d:4ff:fe1a:ad79%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=62.8 ms (DUP!)
--- ff02::1 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, +5 duplicates, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.438/31.544/62.786/29.566 ms
[mark@opy ~]$ืืื ืืขื ืึทืืข-ื ืึธืืขืก ืืืืืืงืึทืกื ืคึผืื ื, ืืืจ ืืืงืืืขื ืจืขืกืคึผืึธื ืกืขืก ืคืื 6 IPv6 ื ืึธืืื. ืจืขืกืคึผืึธื ืกืขืก ืืขืงืืืขื ืคึฟืื ืืื ืง-ืืึธืงืึทื IPv6 ื ืึธืืข ืึทืืจืขืกืขืก, ืกืืึทืจืืื ื ืืื ืื ืคึผืจืขืคืืงืก fe80::/10.
ืึทื ping ืืื ื ืืฉื ืคืึธืจืืขืฆื ืฆื ืฉืืงื ICMPv6 ืขืงืึธื ืจืืงืืืขืก ืื ืืขืคืึทื ืึทืืื ืืื ืืืจ ืืืขืจืจืืึทืกื ืขืก, ืืืจ ืืืืฉืึทืืืึทืื ืกืคึผืขืฆืืคืืฆืืจื ืื ื ืืืขืจ ืคืื ืคึผืึทืงืืฅ ืฆื ืฉืืงื ืืืจื ืื -c ืึธืคึผืฆืืข. ืึธืืขืจ, ืืึธืก ืืืื ืคึผืจืืืืขื ืฅ ืคึผืื ื ืคืื ืึทืงืกืขืคึผืืื ื ืืื ืืืืึทืื ืืืง ืืขืจ ืืื ืืืื ICMPv6 ืขืงืึธื ืขื ืืคืขืจ ืืืขื ืฉืืงื ืึท ืืืืืืงืึทืกื ICMPv6 ืขืงืึธื ืืขืื. ืึทื ืฉืืึธื, ืืืจ ืืขืืืืื ื ืื -w ืึธืคึผืฆืืข ืฆื ืกืคึผืขืฆืืคืืฆืืจื ืึทื ืคึผืื ื ืืึธื ืคืึทืจืขื ืืืงื ื ืึธื 1 ืจืืข, ืงืืื ืขื ืื ืืื ืคืืืข ICMPv6 ืขืงืึธื ืจืืงืืืขืก ืึธืืขืจ ืขืงืึธื ืจืืคึผืืืื ืืขื ืขื ืืขืฉืืงื ืึธืืขืจ ืืืงืืืขื.
ืื ืื ืืขืจ ืืึทื ืฆื ืืึทืฆืึธืื ืืคืืขืจืงืืึทืืงืืึทื ืฆื ืืื (DUP!) ืจืขืืืืืึทื ืืืืฃ ืื ืจืืข ืืื ืกืึทืืกืึทืงืืืึทื ื ืขื ืืคึฟืขืจืก. ืื ืคึผืึทืงืืฅ ืืขื ืขื ืืืืขื ืึทืคืืื ืืื ืืืคึผืืืงืึทื ืจืขืกืคึผืึธื ืกืขืก ืืืืึทื ืืื ืืึธืื ืื ืืขืืืข ICMP ืกืืงืืืึทื ืก ืืืขืจื ืืื ืื ืืืื ICMPv6 ืขืงืึธื ืจืืงืืืขืก ืืืึธืก ืืขื ืขื ืืขืฉืืงื ืืื ืืขืจ ืขืจืฉืืขืจ ืึธืจื. ืืื ืืขืจืฉืืึทื ืขื ืืืืึทื ืึท ICMPv6 ืืืืืืงืึทืกื ืขืงืึธื ืืขืื ืจืขืืืืืึทืื ืืื ืงืืืคื ืืืื ืื ืืงืึทืกื ืจืขืกืคึผืึธื ืกืขืก. ืื ื ืืืขืจ ืคืื ืืืคึผืืืงืึทืื ืืื ืืืื ืื ืืขืืืืื ืืื ืื ืกืืึทืืืกืืืง ืงืืฆืขืจ.
ืืืคืืื ืื ื ืื ืืขืจืคืืืกืื - ืืึธื ืข ืฉืืึทื
ืื ืื ืืขืจ ืืืขื ืฆื ืืืกืฉืืขืื ืึท ืฆืืืื ื ืคึฟืึทืจ ื ืืฆื ืืื ืืื ืึท ืืืื ืคืื ืึทื IPv6 ืึทืืจืขืก ืคึผืึทืจืึทืืขืืขืจ.
ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืืขื ืึท ืืืืฉืคึผืื ืคืื ืืขื ืืื ืื ืคึผืื ื ืจืขืืืืืึทื, ืืื ืื ืึทืืจืขืกืขืก ืคืื ืื ืจืืกืคึผืึทื ืืื ื IPv6 ืืื ืืช ืืืื ืืึธืื ืื ืกืึทืคืืงืก %enp3s2, ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืืึทืฉืคึผืื:
64 bytes from fe80::1d36:1fff:fefd:82be%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.438 msืืขืจ ืืืคึฟื ืคืื ืกืคึผืขืฆืืคืืฆืืจื ืื ืืขืจืคืืืกืื ืืื ืคืึธืจืืึทืื ืืืกืงืจืืืื ืืื [RFC4007], "IPv6 Defined Address Architecture." ืืึธืืฉ ืืื ืืขื ืขื ืืืืฉืึทืืืึทืื ืืขืจืืคื ืื ืึธืคึผืขืจืืืืื ื ืกืืกืืขื ืฆืืืื ื, ืืื ืึทืงืฉืื ืืขืคืื ืืจื ืขืคึผืขืก ืืขืจ ืึทืืืขืืืื - ืึท "ืืึธื ืข" ืึธืืขืจ "ืคืึทืจื ืขื."
ืื ืกืืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืขืจ ืืขื ืขืจืึทื ืืึธื ืขืก ืึธืืขืจ ืคืึทืจื ืขื ืืึธื ืขืก ืืื ืึทื, ืืื ืืขืจืืื ื ืืื [RFC4007], ืึทื IPv6 ื ืึธืืข ืงืขื ืขื ืืึธืื ืขืืืขืืข ืคืึทืจืฉืืืขื ืข IPv6 ืื ืืขืจืคืืืกืื ืคืืจืืื ืื ืฆื ืืขืจ ืืขืืืืงืขืจ ืงืึทื ืึทื. ืื ืื ืืขืจืคืืืกืื ืืขื ืขื ืืืืืืืืขืจ ืคืื ืืขืจ ืืขืืืืงืขืจ ืืึธื ืข.
ืขืก ืืึธื ืืืื ืืขืืืขื ืฆื ืืจืืคึผืข ืงืืืคื ืื ืืขืจืคืืืกืื ืืื ืึท ืืึธื ืข ืืื ืืขืจ ืื ืึธืคึผืขืจืืืืื ื ืกืืกืืขื; ืืขืจืืืืึทื ืืื ืืึธื ื ืื ืืืืกื ืืืื ืืึธืก ืืื ืืขืืืขื ืืื ืืขืจ ืืื ืืงืก ืึธืืขืจ ืืื ืฆื ืืึธื ืืึธืก.
ื ืืฆื ืื ืกืึทืคืืงืก %<zone_id>, ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืึทืจืึธืคึผื ืขืืขื ืื ืืึทืคึฟืขืื ืฉืืจื ืึธืคึผืฆืืข -I ping.
[mark@opy ~]$ ping -w 1 ff02::1%enp3s2
PING ff02::1%enp3s2(ff02::1%enp3s2) 56 data bytes
64 bytes from fe80::2392:6213:a15b:66ff%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.106 ms
64 bytes from fe80::1d36:1fff:fefd:82be%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.453 ms (DUP!)
64 bytes from fe80::f31c:ccff:fe26:a6d9%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.606 ms (DUP!)
64 bytes from fe80::7e31:f5ff:fe1b:9fdb%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=6.23 ms (DUP!)
64 bytes from fe80::f7f8:15ff:fe6f:be6e%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=157 ms (DUP!)
64 bytes from fe80::877d:4ff:fe1a:ad79%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=159 ms (DUP!)
64 bytes from fe80::877d:4ff:fe1a:b881%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=161 ms (DUP!)
64 bytes from fe80::23d:e8ff:feec:958c%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=179 ms (DUP!)
--- ff02::1%enp3s2 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, +7 duplicates, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.106/82.858/179.216/81.281 ms
[mark@opy ~]$ืืื ืง-ืืืงืืืข ืึทืืจืขืก ืจืขืกืคึผืึธื ืกืขืก
ืคึฟืื ืืขื ืึทืืข-ื ืึธืืขืก ืืืืืืงืึทืกื ืคึผืื ื ืืืจ ืืืงืืืขื ืึท ืืึทื ืฅ ืคืื 6 ืืื ืฆืืง ืจืขืกืคึผืึธื ืกืขืก.
ืื ืจืขืกืคึผืึธื ืกืขืก ืืขืงืืืขื ืคึฟืื ืื ืืงืึทืกื ืืื ืง-ืืึธืงืึทื IPv6 ืืึทืืขืืึธืก ืึทืืจืขืกืขืก. ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืืึทืฉืคึผืื, ืืึธ ืืื ืืขืจ ืขืจืฉืืขืจ ืขื ืืคืขืจ:
64 bytes from fe80::2392:6213:a15b:66ff%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.106 msUnicast Link-Local IPv6 ืึทืืจืขืกืขืก ืืขื ืขื ืคืืจืืื ืื ืืืืฃ ืึทืืข IPv6-ืื ืืืืึทืื ืื ืืขืจืคืืืกืื [RFC4291], "IP ืืืขืจืกืืข 6 ืึทืืจืขืกืื ื ืึทืจืืฉืืืขืงืืืจืข". ืื ืกืืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืขื ืืื ืึทื ืึทื IPv6 ื ืึธืืข ืฉืืขื ืืืง ืืืืืึธืืึทืืืฉ ืืื ืึท ืื ืืงืึทืกื IPv6 ืึทืืจืขืก, ืืืึธืก ืขืก ืงืขื ืขื ืืืึท ืืื ืืกืืขืจ ื ืืฆื ืฆื ืืืขืจืืขืื ืืื ืื ืืขืจืข ื ืึธืืื ืืืืฃ ืืืื ืืืืึทื ืคืืจืืื ืื ืคึฟืึทืจืืื ืืื ืืขื. ืืึธืก ืืืื ืงืึทืืืื ืึทืงืืืืื ื ืืื ืึทืคึผืืึทืงืืืฉืึทื ื ืืืืฃ ืื ืืขืจืข ืืื ืืช ืืืจื ืืื ืง-ืืึธืงืึทื ืืึทืืขืืึธืก ืึทืืจืขืกืขืก.
ืืึธืก ืกืืืคึผืืึทืคืืื ืื ืคึผืืึทื ืืื ืืืคึผืืึทืืขื ืืืืฉืึทื ืคืื ืคึผืจืึธืืึธืงืึธืืก ืึทืืึท ืืื IPv6 Neighbor Discovery ืืื OSPFv3. ืขืก ืืืื ืึทืืึทืื ืกืืฃ-ืืึทื ืืฆืขืจ ืึทืคึผืืึทืงืืืฉืึทื ื ืืืืฃ ืืื ืืช ืฆื ืืืขืจืืขืื ืืืืขืจ ืืขื ืงืึทื ืึทื ืึธื ืจืืงืืืืืจืื ื ืงืืื ืื ืืขืจืข ืฉืืืฆื IPv6 ืื ืคืจืึทืกืืจืึทืงืืฉืขืจ ืืืืฃ ืืขื ืงืึทื ืึทื. ืืืจืขืงื ืงืึธืืื ืืงืึทืฆืืข ืฆืืืืฉื ืงืึธื ื ืขืงืืขื IPv6 ืืื ืืช ืืื ื ืืฉื ืืึทืจืคื ืึทื IPv6 ืจืึทืืืขืจ ืึธืืขืจ DHCPv6 ืกืขืจืืืขืจ ืืืืฃ ืื ืงืฉืจ.
ืืื ืง-ืืึธืงืึทื ืึทืืจืขืกืขืก ืึธื ืืืืื ืืื ืึท 10-ืืืกื ืคึผืจืขืคืืงืก fe80, ื ืืืืขืืื ืืขื ืืืจื 54 ื ืื ืืืื ืืื ืืขืืึธืื ืึท 64-ืืืกื ืฆืืืื ื ืืืขื ืืืคืืขืจ (IID). ืืื ืื ืืืืื ืขืจืฉืืขืจ ืขื ืืคืขืจ 2392:6213:a15b:66ff ืืื ืึท 64-ืืืกื IID.
ืืืคึผืขื ืืืืืืงืึทืกื
ืืืจื ืคืขืืืงืืึทื, ืืืืืืงืึทืกื ืคึผืึทืงืืฅ ืืขื ืขื ืืืืืขืงืขืจื ืื ืขืืืืื ืืง ืฆื ืื ื ืึธืืข ืืืึธืก ืืขืฉืืงื ืืื. ืืึธืก ืืึทืคึผืึทื ื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืืืืข IPv6 ืืื IPv4 ืึทืืจืขืกืื ื.
ืื ืกืืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืขื ืคืขืืืงืืึทื ืึธืคึผืคืืจืื ื ืืื ืึทื ืืืขื ืืืืืืงืึทืกื ืคึผืึทืงืืฅ ืืขื ืขื ืืขืฉืืงื, ืขืก ืงืขื ืืืื ืืืื ืึท ืฆืืืขืืขืจื ืืืืข ืืืืืืงืึทืกื ืึทืคึผืืึทืงืืืฉืึทื ืคืืืกื ืืืง ืืืืฃ ืื ืฉืืงื ืืึทืืขืืึธืก ืืื, ืืื ืืขืืื ื ืืื ืขืจืืขืฅ ืืืืฃ ืื ื ืขืฅ. ืื ืืืืข ืึทืคึผืืึทืงืืืฉืึทื ืืืื ืืืื ืืึทืงืืืขื ืืืืืืงืึทืกื ืคึผืึทืงืืฅ.
ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืืขื ืืขื ืืืืืืงืึทืกื ืืืืข ืฉืืืืฃ ืืื ืืื ืืืขืจ ืคึผืื ื ืจืขืืืืืึทื:
[mark@opy ~]$ ping -w 1 ff02::1%enp3s2
PING ff02::1%enp3s2(ff02::1%enp3s2) 56 data bytes
64 bytes from fe80::2392:6213:a15b:66ff%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.106 ms
64 bytes from fe80::1d36:1fff:fefd:82be%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.453 ms (DUP!)
...ืืขืจ ืขืจืฉืืขืจ ืืื ืคืึทืกืืึทืกื ืขื ืืคืขืจ (0,106 ืืื ืงืึทืืคึผืขืจื ืฆื 0,453 ืืื) ืงืืื ืคึฟืื ืื ืืื ืง-ืืึธืงืึทื ืึทืืจืขืก ืงืึทื ืคืืืืขืจื ืืืืฃ ืื ืฆืืืื ื ืืื enp3s2.
[mark@opy ~]$ ip addr show dev enp3s2 | grep fe80
inet6 fe80::2392:6213:a15b:66ff/64 scope link noprefixroute
[mark@opy ~]$ื ืืฆื ping ืืื ืึท ืืืขื ืฆื ืคืึทืจืฉืืืงื ืืืืข ืืืืืืงืึทืกื ืืึทืืขืจืงืื ืืขื ื ืืฆื ืืขื ืคึผืึทืจืึทืืขืืขืจ -L. ืืืื ืืืจ ืฉืืงื ืึทื ืึทืืข-ื ืึธืืขืก ืืืืืืงืึทืกื ืคึผืื ื ืืื ืืขื ืคืึธื, ืื ืจืขืกืคึผืึธื ืกืขืก ืืขื ืขื ืืืืืืขื ืฆื ืืืืึทื ื ืึธืืื. ืืืจ ืืึธื ื ืื ืืึทืงืืืขื ืึท ืขื ืืคืขืจ ืคืื ืื ืืื ืง-ืืึธืงืึทื ืึทืืจืขืก ืคืื ืื ืฉืืงื ืฆืืืื ื.
[mark@opy ~]$ ping -L -w 1 ff02::1%enp3s2
PING ff02::1%enp3s2(ff02::1%enp3s2) 56 data bytes
64 bytes from fe80::1d36:1fff:fefd:82be%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.383 ms
64 bytes from fe80::f31c:ccff:fe26:a6d9%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.467 ms (DUP!)
...ืคึผืื ื ืืื ืง-ืืืงืืืข ืึทืืจืขืกืขืก
ืืื ืืืจ ืงืขื ืืจืขืคื, ืื ืืงืึทืกื ืืื ืง-ืืึธืงืึทื ืืืขื ืื ืืื ืืืื ื ืืฉื ืฆืืฉืืขืื ืืขื ืื ืืื ืคึฟืึธืจืืึทืฆืืข ืฆื ืึธื ืืืืึทืื ืืืึธืก ืฆืืืื ื ืฆื ื ืืฆื ืฆื ืืขืจืืจืืืื ืืื. ืืื ืืื ืึทืืข-ื ืึธืืขืก ืืืืืืงืึทืกื ืคึผืื ื, ืืืจ ืืืื ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืฆื ืกืคึผืขืฆืืคืืฆืืจื ืื ืฆืืืื ื ืืื ืึท ืืึทืคึฟืขื ืฉืืจื ืคึผืึทืจืึทืืขืืขืจ ping ืึธืืขืจ ืืึธื ืข ืฉืืึทื ืืื ืึทืืจืขืก ืืืขื ืคึผืื ืืื ื ืืื ืง-ืืึธืงืึทื ืึทืืจืขืกืขืก.
ืืึธืก ืืึธื ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ื ืืฆื -cืฆื ืืึทืืจืขื ืขืฆื ืื ื ืืืขืจ ืคืื ืคึผืึทืงืืฅ ืืื ืจืขืกืคึผืึธื ืกืขืก ืืขืฉืืงื ืืื ืืืงืืืขื ping, ืืื ื ืืืจ ืืืจืืคืืจื ืื ืืงืึทืกื ืคึผืื ื.
[mark@opy ~]$ ping -c 1 fe80::f31c:ccff:fe26:a6d9%enp3s2
PING fe80::f31c:ccff:fe26:a6d9%enp3s2(fe80::fad1:11ff:feb7:3704%enp3s2) 56 data bytes
64 bytes from fe80::f31c:ccff:fe26:a6d9%enp3s2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.395 ms
--- fe80::f31c:ccff:fe26:a6d9%enp3s2 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.395/0.395/0.395/0.000 ms
[mark@opy ~]$ืคึผืื ื (ืึทืืข) ืื ืืขืจืข IPv6 ืึทืืจืขืกืขืก?
ืืื ืืขื ืึทืจืืืงื, ืืืจ ืืขืืขื ืืื ืฆื ืคึผืื ื ืึทืืข IPv6 ื ืึธืืื ืืืืฃ ืึท ืงืึทื ืึทื ืืื ืึทื ืึทืืข-ื ืึธืืขืก ืืืืืืงืึทืกื IPv6 ืึทืืจืขืก ff02::1. ืืืจ ืืืื ืืขืืขื ืืื ืฆื ืกืคึผืขืฆืืคืืฆืืจื ืืืึธืก ืฆืืืื ื ืฆื ื ืืฆื ืืื ืึทื ืึทืืข-ื ืึธืืขืก ืืืืืืงืึทืกื IPv6 ืึทืืจืขืก, ืืืืึทื ืื ืึทืืจืขืก ืืื ืงืขื ื ืืฉื ืฆืืฉืืขืื ืื ืืื ืคึฟืึธืจืืึทืฆืืข. ืืืจ ืืขืืืืื ื ืึธืืขืจ ืื ืืึทืคึฟืขืื ืฉืืจื ืึธืคึผืฆืืข ping, ืึธืืขืจ ืกืคึผืขืฆืืคืืฆืืจื ืื ืฆืืืื ื ืืื ืื ืกืึทืคืืงืก %<zone_id>.
ืืขืจื ืึธื ืืืจ ืืขืืขืจื ื ืืืขืื ืื ืืงืึทืกื ืืื ืง-ืืึธืงืึทื ืึทืืจืขืกืขืก, ืืืึธืก ืืขื ืขื ืึทืืจืขืกืขืก ืืขื ืืฆื ืฆื ืจืืกืคึผืึทื ื ืฆื ืึทืืข-ื ืึธืืขืก ืืืืืืงืึทืกื ICMPv6 ืขืงืึธื ืจืืงืืืขืก.
ืืืจ ืืืื ืืขืืขื ืืื ืืืืืืงืึทืกื ืคึผืึทืงืืฅ ืืขื ืขื ืืืืืขืงืขืจื ืฆื ืื ืฉืืงื ื ืึธืืข ืืืจื ืคืขืืืงืืึทื ืืื ืืื ืฆื ืืืกืืืืึทื ืืขื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ื ืืฆื ping.
ืฆืื ืกืืฃ, ืืืจ ืคึผืื ืืขื ืึท ืืืื ืืื ืง-ืืึธืงืึทื ืึทืืจืขืก ืืื ืื ืกืึทืคืืงืก %<zone_id>, ืืื ื ืืื ืง-ืืึธืงืึทื ืึทืืจืขืกืขืก ืืื ืืืื ื ืืฉื ืฆืืฉืืขืื ืืื ืคึฟืึธืจืืึทืฆืืข ืืืขืื ืื ืึทืืืืึธืืื ื ืฆืืืื ื.
ืึทืืื ืืืึธืก ืืืขืื ืคึผืื ื ืึทืืข ืื ืื ืืขืจืข ื ืึธืืื ืืื ืืึทืงืืืขื ืืืืขืจ ืืืืืืืข ืื ืืงืึทืกื ืึทืืจืขืกืขืก (ืืืึทืก) (ืืึธืก ืืื, ืืืืขืจ ืขืคื ืืืขื ืึทืืจืขืก ืืืืฃ ืืขืจ ืืื ืืขืจื ืขืฅ) ืึธืืขืจ ืืืืขืจ ืืื ืฆืืง ืืืืข ืื ืืงืึทืกื ืึทืืจืขืก (ULAS)? ืืืจ ืืืขืื ืงืืงื ืืืืฃ ืืขื ืืื ืืขืจ ืืืืึทืืขืจ ืืืึธื ืคึผืึธืกืื.
ืืึธืก ืืื ืึทืืข.
ืืืจ ืงืขื ื ืืขืคึฟืื ืขื ืืขืจ ืืืขืื ืืื ืืืขืจ ืงืืจืก ืืื.
ืืงืืจ: www.habr.com