ืืืืขืจืืขืฆืื ื ืคืื ืืขื ืึทืจืืืงื ืฆืืืขืืจืืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืืจืก ืกืืืืขื ืื . ืืื ืืขืจืขืกืืจื ืืื ืืขืืืขืืึธืคึผืื ื ืืื ืืขื ืจืืืืื ื? ืืืื ืื ืจืขืงืึธืจืืื ื ืคืื ืื ืืจืึธืืงืึทืกื ืคืื ืืืืืื ืคึผืืกืงืื ืึธืื ืก ืืขื ืงืืึทืก
ืืื ืืขื ืึทืจืืืงื, ืืื ืืืขื ืคืืจื ืืืจ ืืืจื ืื ืกืืขืคึผืก ืฆื ืฉืืขืื ืึทืจืืืฃ ืึท ืื ืก ืกืขืจืืืขืจ ืืืืฃ RHEL 7 ืึธืืขืจ CentOS 7. ืืื ืืขืืืืื ื Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.4 ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ืืขืืึทื ืกืืจืืืฉืึทื. ืืื ืืืขืจ ืฆืื ืืื ืฆื ืฉืึทืคึฟื ืืืื ื ืจืขืงืึธืจื ืืื ืืืื PTR ืจืขืงืึธืจื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ืคืึธืจืืืก ืืื ืคืึทืจืงืขืจื ืืืงืึทืคึผ ืืึธื ืขืก, ืจืืกืคึผืขืงืืืืืื.
ืขืจืฉืืขืจ, ืื ืกืืึทืืืจื ืื ื ืืืืืง ืจืคึผื ืคึผืึทืงืึทืืืฉืึทื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ืื ืก ืกืขืจืืืขืจ.
ื ืึธืืืฅ: ืคึฟืึทืจ RHEL ืืืจ ืืืื ืืึธืื , ืึธืืขืจ ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื , ืืื ืืืึธืก ืืขืจ ืคึผืขืงื ืคืึทืจืืืึทืืืขืจ "ืืื" ืงืขื ืขื ืื ืกืืึทืืืจื ืื ื ืืืืืง ืจืคึผื ืคึผืึทืงืึทืืืฉืึทื ืืื ืืืคึผืขื ืืึทื ืกืื.
# yum install bind bind-chroot caching-nameserverืืืื ืกืขืืืื ืืก:
# hostname
golinuxhub-client.example
ะะพะน IP-ะฐะดัะตั 192.168.1.7
# ip address | egrep 'inet.*enp0s3'
inet 192.168.1.7/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global dynamic enp0s3ืืื ื ืืืจ ืืืขืื ื ืืฆื chroot, ืืืจ ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืฆื ืืืกืืืืึทื ืื ืกืขืจืืืืก.
# systemctl stop named
# systemctl disable namedืืขืจื ืึธื ื ืึธืืืึทืื ืื ืคืืจืืื ืื ืืขืงืขืก ืืื ืื ืืฉืจืึธืึธื ืืืขืืืืืึทืืขืจ.
ื ืืืืฅ. ื ืืฆื ืึทืจืืืืขื ื -p ืืื ืึท ืงืึธืืขืงืืืื cp ืฆื ืืคืืืื ืจืขืื ืืื ืึธืื ืขืจื.
[root@golinuxhub-client ~]# cp -rpvf /usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/etc/* /var/named/chroot/etc/
โ/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/etc/named.confโ -> โ/var/named/chroot/etc/named.confโ
โ/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/etc/named.rfc1912.zonesโ -> โ/var/named/chroot/etc/named.rfc1912.zonesโืืขืจื ืึธื ื ืึธืืืึทืื ืื ืืขืงืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจืืื ืื ืืื ืืขืจ ืืึธื ืข ืฆื ืึท ื ืืึทืข ืึธืจื.
[root@golinuxhub-client ~]# cp -rpvf /usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/* /var/named/chroot/var/named/
โ/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/dataโ -> โ/var/named/chroot/var/named/dataโ
โ/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/my.external.zone.dbโ -> โ/var/named/chroot/var/named/my.external.zone.dbโ
โ/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/my.internal.zone.dbโ -> โ/var/named/chroot/var/named/my.internal.zone.dbโ
โ/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/named.caโ -> โ/var/named/chroot/var/named/named.caโ
โ/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/named.emptyโ -> โ/var/named/chroot/var/named/named.emptyโ
โ/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/named.localhostโ -> โ/var/named/chroot/var/named/named.localhostโ
โ/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/named.loopbackโ -> โ/var/named/chroot/var/named/named.loopbackโ
โ/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/slavesโ -> โ/var/named/chroot/var/named/slavesโ
โ/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/slaves/my.ddns.internal.zone.dbโ -> โ/var/named/chroot/var/named/slaves/my.ddns.internal.zone.dbโ
โ/usr/share/doc/bind-9.9.4/sample/var/named/slaves/my.slave.internal.zone.dbโ -> โ/var/named/chroot/var/named/slaves/my.slave.internal.zone.dbโ
```bash
ะขะตะฟะตัั ะดะฐะฒะฐะนัะต ะฟะพัะผะพััะธะผ ะฝะฐ ะพัะฝะพะฒะฝะพะน ัะฐะนะป ะบะพะฝัะธะณััะฐัะธะธ.
```bash
# cd /var/named/chroot/etc/ืืืกืืขืงื ืื ืืื ืืึทืื ืคืื named.conf ืืื ืคึผืึทืคึผ ืื ืคืืืืขื ืืข.
[root@golinuxhub-client etc]# vim named.conf
options {
listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; any; };
# listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
directory "/var/named";
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
allow-query { localhost; any; };
allow-query-cache { localhost; any; };
};
logging {
channel default_debug {
file "data/named.run";
severity dynamic;
};
};
view my_resolver {
match-clients { localhost; any; };
recursion yes;
include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
};ืืึธื ืข ืกืคึผืขืฆืืคืืฉ ืืื ืคึฟืึธืจืืึทืฆืืข ืืืื ืืืื ืืืกืืฃ ืฆื /var/named/chroot/etc/named.rfc1912.zones. ืืืื ืื ืืืื ืกื ืืื ืื. ืื example.zone ืืขืงืข ืืื ืื ืคืึธืจืืืก ืืืงืึทืคึผ ืืึธื ืข ืืขืงืข, ืืื ืืืืฉืคึผืื.ืจืืึธื ืข - ืคืึทืจืงืขืจื ืืึธื ืข ืืขืงืข.
ืืืืืืืง ื ืึธืืืฅ: ืื ืคืึทืจืงืขืจื ืืืงืึทืคึผ ืืึธื ืข ืึผืืื 1.168.192 ืืืืึทื ืืืื IP ืึทืืจืขืก ืืื 192.168.1.7
zone "example" IN {
type master;
file "example.zone";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "example.rzone";
allow-update { none; };
};ืื ืืขืงืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจืืื ืื ืืื ืื ืืึธื ืขืก ืืขื ืขื ืืืื ืืึธ:
# cd /var/named/chroot/var/named/ืืืืึทืืขืจ, ืืืจ ืืืขืื ืืึทืื ืืขืงืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ืคืึธืจืืืก ืืื ืคืึทืจืงืขืจื ืืึธื ืขืก. ืื ืืขืงืข ื ืขืืขื ืืืขื ืืืื ืื ืืขืืืข ืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืืขืจ ืืขืงืข named.rfc1912.zones. ืืืจ ืืึธืื ืฉืืื ืขืืืขืืข ืคืขืืืงืืึทื ืืขืืคึผืืึทืืขืก ืืืึธืก ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ื ืืฆื.
# cp -p named.localhost example.zone
# cp -p named.loopback example.rzoneืืื ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืืขื, ืื ืงืจืึทื ื ืคึผืขืจืืืฉืึทื ื ืคืื ืึทืืข ืืขืงืขืก ืืื ืืืืจืขืงืืขืจืื ืืขืืขืจื ืฆื ืืืึธืจืฆื.
[root@golinuxhub-client named]# ll
total 32
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 May 22 2017 data
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 168 May 22 2017 example.rzone
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 152 May 22 2017 example.zone
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 56 May 22 2017 my.external.zone.db
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 56 May 22 2017 my.internal.zone.db
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2281 May 22 2017 named.ca
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 152 May 22 2017 named.empty
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 152 May 22 2017 named.localhost
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 168 May 22 2017 named.loopback
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 71 Feb 12 21:02 slavesืืืืฉื ืื ืคึผืขืจืืืฉืึทื ื ืคืื ืึทืืข ืืขืงืขืก ืฆื ืึธื ืืืืึทืื ืื ืืึทื ืืฆืขืจ ืืื ืื ืืึทืืืฆืขืจ ืืืึธืจืฆื ืืื ืืจืืคึผืข ืืขืืืืกื.
# chown root:named *ืืืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืึทืื ืื ืืึทืืืฆืขืจ ืืืื ืืืื ืืขืืืืกื: ืืขืืืืกื.
# chown -R named:named data
# ls -l
total 32
drwxr-xr-x. 2 named named 6 May 22 2017 data
-rw-r--r--. 1 root named 168 May 22 2017 example.rzone
-rw-r--r--. 1 root named 152 May 22 2017 example.zone
-rw-r--r--. 1 root named 56 May 22 2017 my.external.zone.db
-rw-r--r--. 1 root named 56 May 22 2017 my.internal.zone.db
-rw-r--r--. 1 root named 2281 May 22 2017 named.ca
-rw-r--r--. 1 root named 152 May 22 2017 named.empty
-rw-r--r--. 1 root named 152 May 22 2017 named.localhost
-rw-r--r--. 1 root named 168 May 22 2017 named.loopback
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root named 71 Feb 12 21:02 slavesืืืื ืื ืคืืืืขื ืืข ืืื ืืึทืื ืฆื ืืืื ืคืึธืจืืืก ืืึธื ืข ืืขืงืข. ืืึธ ืืืจ ืืึทืื ืึท ืจืขืงืึธืจื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืึธืงืึทืืืึธืกื (golinuxhub-ืงืืืขื ื) ืืื ืื ืืขืจื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ืกืขืจืืืขืจ (golinuxhub-server).
# vim example.zone
$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA example. root (
1 ; serial
3H ; refresh
15M ; retry
1W ; expire
1D ) ; minimum
IN NS example.
IN A 192.168.1.7
golinuxhub-server IN A 192.168.1.5
golinuxhub-client IN A 192.169.1.7ืืืืึทืืขืจ, ืืืืื ืื ืืื ืืึทืื ืฆื ืื ืคืึทืจืงืขืจื ืืึธื ืข ืืขืงืข. ืืึธ ืืืจ ืืึทืื ืึท PTR ืจืขืงืึธืจื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืึธืืื ืืงืกืืื-ืงืืืขื ื ืืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืึธืืื ืืงืกืืื-ืกืขืจืืืขืจ.
# vim example.rzone
$TTL 1D
@ IN SOA example. root.example. (
1997022700 ; serial
28800 ; refresh
14400 ; retry
3600000 ; expire
86400 ) ; minimum
IN NS example.
5 IN PTR golinuxhub-server.example.
7 IN PTR golinuxhub-client.example.ืืืืืขืจ ืืืจ ืงืึทืืขืจ ืื ืืื ืกื ืืขืืืืกื-ืืฉืจืึธืึธื, ืืึธืื ืก ืงืึธื ืืจืึธืืืจื ืื ืงืึทื ืคืืืืขืจืืืฉืึทื ืคืื ืื ืืึธื ืข ืืขืงืข.
[root@golinuxhub-client named]# named-checkzone golinuxhub-client.example example.zone
zone golinuxhub-client.example/IN: loaded serial 1
OK
[root@golinuxhub-client named]# named-checkzone golinuxhub-client.example example.rzone
zone golinuxhub-client.example/IN: loaded serial 1997022700
OKืึทืืฅ ืงืืงื ืืื. ืืืฆื ืงืึธื ืืจืึธืืืจื ืื ืงืึทื ืคืืืืขืจืืืฉืึทื ืืขืงืข ื ืืฆื ืื ืคืืืืขื ืืข ืืึทืคึฟืขื.
[root@golinuxhub-client named]# named-checkconf -t /var/named/chroot/ /etc/named.confืึทืืื, ืึทืืฅ ืืื ืืขืืืขื ืืฆืืื ืืขืขื ืืืงื.
[root@golinuxhub-client named]# echo $?
0ืืืืืืืง ื ืึธืืืฅ: ืืื ืืึธืื ืกืขืืื ืืงืก ืืื ืคึผืขืจืืืกืืื ืืึธืืข
# getenforce
Permissiveืึทืืฅ ืงืืงื ืืื, ืึทืืื ืขืก ืืื ืฆืืื ืฆื ืงืึทืืขืจ ืืื ืืืขืจ ืืื ืกื ืืขืืืืกื-ืืฉืจืึธืึธื .
[root@golinuxhub-client named]# systemctl restart named-chroot[root@golinuxhub-client named]# systemctl status named-chroot
โ named-chroot.service - Berkeley Internet Name Domain (DNS)
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/named-chroot.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Mon 2018-02-12 21:53:23 IST; 19s ago
Process: 5236 ExecStop=/bin/sh -c /usr/sbin/rndc stop > /dev/null 2>&1 || /bin/kill -TERM $MAINPID (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 5327 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/named -u named -c ${NAMEDCONF} -t /var/named/chroot $OPTIONS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 5325 ExecStartPre=/bin/bash -c if [ ! "$DISABLE_ZONE_CHECKING" == "yes" ]; then /usr/sbin/named-checkconf -t /var/named/chroot -z "$NAMEDCONF"; else echo "Checking of zone files is disabled"; fi (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 5330 (named)
CGroup: /system.slice/named-chroot.service
โโ5330 /usr/sbin/named -u named -c /etc/named.conf -t /var/named/chroot
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: managed-keys-zone/my_resolver: loaded serial 0
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: zone 0.in-addr.arpa/IN/my_resolver: loaded serial 0
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: zone 1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa/IN/my_resolver: loaded serial 0
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: zone 1.168.192.in-addr.arpa/IN/my_resolver: loaded serial 1997022700
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: zone example/IN/my_resolver: loaded serial 1
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: zone localhost/IN/my_resolver: loaded serial 0
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: zone 1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa/IN/my_resolver: loaded serial 0
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: zone localhost.localdomain/IN/my_resolver: loaded serial 0
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: all zones loaded
Feb 12 21:53:23 golinuxhub-client.example named[5330]: running
```bash
ะฃะฑะตะดะธัะตัั, ััะพ resolv.conf ัะพะดะตัะถะธั ะฒะฐั IP-ะฐะดัะตั, ััะพะฑั ะพะฝ ะผะพะณ ัะฐะฑะพัะฐัั ะฒ ะบะฐัะตััะฒะต DNS-ัะตัะฒะตัะฐ.
```bash
# cat /etc/resolv.conf
search example
nameserver 192.168.1.7
```bash
ะะฐะฒะฐะนัะต ะฟัะพะฒะตัะธะผ ะฝะฐั DNS-ัะตัะฒะตั ะดะปั ะพะฑัะฐัะฝะพะน ะทะพะฝั, ะธัะฟะพะปัะทัั dig.
```bash
[root@golinuxhub-client named]# dig -x 192.168.1.5
; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-50.el7 <<>> -x 192.168.1.5
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 40331
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2
;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;5.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa. IN PTR
;; ANSWER SECTION:
5.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 86400 IN PTR golinuxhub-server.example.
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
1.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 86400 IN NS example.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
example. 86400 IN A 192.168.1.7
;; Query time: 1 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.7#53(192.168.1.7)
;; WHEN: Mon Feb 12 22:13:17 IST 2018
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 122ืืื ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืืขื, ืืืจ ืืืงืืืขื ืึท positive ืขื ืืคืขืจ (ืึทื ืกืืืขืจ) ืฆื ืืื ืืืขืจ ืืงืฉื (QUERY).
[root@golinuxhub-client named]# dig -x 192.168.1.7
; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-50.el7 <<>> -x 192.168.1.7
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 55804
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 2
;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;7.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa. IN PTR
;; ANSWER SECTION:
7.1.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 86400 IN PTR golinuxhub-client.example.
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
1.168.192.in-addr.arpa. 86400 IN NS example.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
example. 86400 IN A 192.168.1.7
;; Query time: 1 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.7#53(192.168.1.7)
;; WHEN: Mon Feb 12 22:12:54 IST 2018
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 122ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืงืึธื ืืจืึธืืืจื ืื ืืืจืขืงื ืืึธื ืข ืืื ืื ืืขืืืข ืืืขื.
[root@golinuxhub-client named]# nslookup golinuxhub-client.example
Server: 192.168.1.7
Address: 192.168.1.7#53
Name: golinuxhub-client.example
Address: 192.169.1.7
[root@golinuxhub-client named]# nslookup golinuxhub-server.example
Server: 192.168.1.7
Address: 192.168.1.7#53
Name: golinuxhub-server.example
Address: 192.168.1.5ืืขืจ ืึทืจืืืงื ืืื ืึท ืืืกื ืึทืืืืืืืื ืืืืึทื ืืื RHEL 7 ืืืจ ื ืื ืืขืจ ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืฆื ื ืึธืืืึทืื ืื ืืื ืื ืงืึทื ืคืืืืขืจืืืฉืึทื ืืขืงืขืก ืืื ืื ืืฉืจืึธืึธื. .
ืืงืืจ: www.habr.com