PostgreSQL ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’-ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืกื™ ืกืขื˜ื˜ื™ื ื’ืก

ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืกืคึผืึทืกื™ืคื™ืงืœื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงื•ืจืก "ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืกืข". ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’? ืžื™ืจ ืœืึทื“ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืึธืคึฟืŸ ื˜ืึธื’, ื•ื•ื• ืžื™ืจ ืจืขื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื˜ืึทืœ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื, ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜, ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื˜ื™ื ืกื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืจื™ืขืจืข ืคึผืจืึทืกืคึผืขืงืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ืŸ ื’ืจืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืฅ ื ืึธืš ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’.

PostgreSQL ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’-ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืกื™ ืกืขื˜ื˜ื™ื ื’ืก

PostgreSQL ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’-ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืกื™ ืกืขื˜ื˜ื™ื ื’ืก
ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื–, ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคื™ืœืข ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ื–, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ื™ ื’ืขืœืขื’ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืžืขืจ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื›ื™ืกืึธืจืŸ. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืœื™ื‘ืข ื“ื™ ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ื–, ืžื™ืจ ืžืืœ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ื™ึทืŸ ืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขื ืœืขืš ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืงืกืŸ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืœืึทื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜. ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืืœื˜ ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ PostgreSQL ืื™ื– ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืกื™ ืคึผืขืจ ืงืฉืจ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืงื ื•ื™ืœ. ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืขืก ื˜ื•ืจื ืก ืื•ื™ืก, ืžื™ืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืขืก.

ืคืืจื•ื•ืืก ื“ืืจืฃ ืื™ืš ืขืก?

ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืงื ื•ื™ืœ ื–ืึธืœ ื‘ื™ื›ื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ื“ืขืคึผืขื ื“ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ. ื ืขืžืขืŸ, ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืึท ืจืขื›ืขื ื•ื ื’ ืฆืึธืœื•ื ื’ ืึทืคึผ. ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ XNUMX% ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืกื™ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืงื ื•ื™ืœ, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืกื™ื ื˜ืฉืจืึธื ืึธื•ืก ืงืึทืžื™ืฅ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืึทื– ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืœืข ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ืึท ืฉื ืขืœ-ื’ืจืึธื•ื™ื ื’ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ื ืขืฅ, ืื™ืจ ืžื™ืกื˜ืึธืžืข ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืึท ืฉื ืขืœ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ XNUMX% ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืกื™. ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ืงืจืึทื ืึทืก ืงืึทืžื™ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื ื•ื™ืœ.

ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ืงืึธืžืคึผืจืึธืžื™ืก

ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื™ื“ืึธืคืคืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืกื™ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’. PostgreSQL ื‘ืื•ื•ืขื’ื˜ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืกื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ืคึผืจื™ื“ื™ืงื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ืกืึทืคึผืจื™ื™ื–ื™ื–. ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืœืืžื™ืจ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคืฉืจื•ืช.

ื˜ืจื™ื™ื“ืึธืคืฃ 1: ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’

ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ PostgreSQL ืงื ื•ื™ืœ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืกื™, ืขืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ืงืจืึทื ืึทืกืœื™. ื“ื™ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืงื ื•ื™ืœ ืคื™ืจืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขืคึผืœืึทืงืึทื– ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžื™ืœื™ืกืขืงืึทื ื“ื– ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท PostgreSQL ืงื ื•ื™ืœ ืจื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืจื– ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืกื™, ืขืก ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืกื™ื ื˜ืฉืจืึธื ืึธื•ืกืœื™. ื“ื™ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืงื ื•ื™ืœ ืคื™ืจืขืจ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฉื™ืงืŸ ืึท ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืจืขืคึผืœืึทืงืึทื– ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืึทื– ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืฉื™ืงืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ื ื™ืฉื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื“ื™ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืึทื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขืจืึธื˜ืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืฉื™ื– ืื™ื– ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ืงืจืึทื ืึทืก ืื•ืคึฟืŸ ืจื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืจื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื ืขืฅ ื”ืึธืคึผืก, ื‘ืฉืขืช ื“ื™ ืกื™ื ื˜ืฉืจืึธื ืึธื•ืก ืื•ืคึฟืŸ ืจื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืจื– ืคื™ืจ.

ื˜ืจื™ื™ื“ืึธืคืฃ 2: ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืกื™

ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคื™ืจืขืจ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคืึทืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืึทืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืฉื™ื– ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ืงืจืึทื ืึทืกืœื™ ื’ืขื˜ืืŸ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ื˜ืขื•ืช ืึทืงืขืจื–, ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืจืขืคึผืœืึทืงืึทื–. ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืคืึทืœืŸ? ื“ืขืคึผืขื ื“ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ. ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื– ืจืขืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคืึทืจืžื™ื™ึทื“ืŸ ืึท ืจืขืคึผืœื™ืงืข ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึท ืคื™ืจืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– 1 ืžื‘ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ืจืขืจ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 1 ืžื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืคืึทืœืŸ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ืงืจืึทื ืึทืก ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข.

ื“ืึธืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื ื˜ืฉืจืึธื ืึธื•ืก ืžืึธื“ืข. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ืจืขืจ ืคื™ื™ืœื–, ืึทืœืข ืจืขืคึผืœืึทืงืึทื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื˜, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืขืจ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืจืขืคึผืœืึทืงืึทื–. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืกื™.

ืกื™ื ื˜ืฉืจืึธื ืึธื•ืก ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืžืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื•ื•ื• ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืกื™ ื”ืื˜ ืึท ืงืœืึธืจ ืžื™ื™ึทืœืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ-ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืกื™ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’. ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื–ืึทืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ื™ืœื˜ื™ืง ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ. ืื™ืฆื˜ ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ื ืขืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืึทืžืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ื“ื•ืจืš ืจื™ืกืคึผืึทื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ืจื™ืงื•ื•ืขืก ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ ื•ื•ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ, ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจืข ื ืขืฅ ื”ืึธืคึผืก ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึทืžื™ืฅ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ืœื›ืขืจืงื™ื™ึทื˜. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื™ื™ื“ืึธืฃ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืกื™ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ.

ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ-ืึทื•ื•ืขืง 3: ืงืจืึทืฉื™ื–

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืงื ื•ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ื›ื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ืึท ื“ื•ืจื›ืคืึทืœ. ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืึท ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ื• ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžืขืจ ืจืขืคึผืœืึทืงืึทื– ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืึทืžื™ืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื˜ ื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ืงืจืึทื ืึทืกืœื™, ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ืจืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคืึธืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ืฆื• ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืึธื ื™ืจืŸ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ืึธื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ื˜, ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืขืœื ื“ื™ืง ืจืขืคึผืœืึทืงืึทื–. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืคึผืœืึทืงืึทื– ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืงื ื•ื™ืœ, ื–ื™ื™ ื›ืึทืคึผืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืขืจ. ืžื™ื˜ ืกื™ื ื˜ืฉืจืึธื ืึธื•ืก ืจืขืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืจืขืคึผืœืึทืงืึทื– ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืจื™ืกืคึผืึทื ื“, ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ืจืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคืึธืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืจืขืคึผืœื™ืงืข ืงืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืงื ื•ื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึธื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ.

ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงืฉืจ ืคึผืขืจ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ?

ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืึท ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืžื‘ื™ื ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืกื™ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’. ืกื™ื™ึทื“ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืจืขื›ืขื ื•ื ื’-ืคึผื™ื™ื™ื ื’ ืึทืคึผ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื™ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื˜, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ื™ืคืขืžืขืจืึทืœ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงื™ื ื’ ืึทืคึผ. ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืงืึทืกืขืก, ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ื ื˜ืฉืจืึธื ืึธื•ืก ืื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ืงืจืึทื ืึทืก. ืื™ืจ ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฆื• ื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ืึท ืึธื ื–ืึธื’ ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฉืžื•ืขืกืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ืื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืึท ืฆืึธืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ืŸ.

ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืกื™ื–ืฉืึทื ื–, ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจ. ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ ื“ื™ืกื™ื–ืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืขืœืคึฟืŸ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื ื•ื™ืœ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ SQL ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึทื ืขืงืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื–.

ื™ื ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื’ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจ

ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜, PostgreSQL ื’ื™ื˜ ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืกื™. ื“ืขื ืื™ื– ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืึธื•ืœื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจ synchronous_commit. ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœืข on, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ื”ืื˜ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืขืก: local, remote_write ืึธื“ืขืจ off.

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• off ืึทืœืข ืกื™ื ื˜ืฉืจืึธื ืึธื•ืก ืงืึทืžื™ืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืกื˜ืึทืคึผื˜, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื’ืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื. ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื’ืข ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ ืกื™ื ื˜ืฉืจืึธื ืึธื•ืก ืžืึธื“ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื’ืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฆื• ืจืขืคึผืœืึทืงืึทื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ืงืจืึทื ืึทืกืœื™. Remote_write ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืืคื™ืœื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ: ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฆื• ืจืขืคึผืœืึทืงืึทื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ืงืจืึทื ืึทืกืœื™, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขืงืขืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืคึผืœื™ืงืข ื”ืื˜ ืื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืขืก ืฆื• ื“ื™ืกืง.

ื“ื•ืจืš ืงืึทื ืกื™ื“ืขืจื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืขืก, ืžื™ืจ ืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืึท ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืื•ืŸ, ื‘ืขื›ืขืกืงืขื ืึทื– on - ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืกื™ื ื˜ืฉืจืึธื ืึธื•ืก ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ื™ื ื’ืก, ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ local ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ืงืจืึทื ืึทืก ืงืึทืžื™ืฅ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ, ื‘ืฉืขืช ื’ืขืœืื–ืŸ ื”ื™ื’ืข ืงืึทืžื™ืฅ ืกื™ื ื˜ืฉืจืึธื ืึธื•ืก.

ืื™ืฆื˜, ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื™ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืŸ ืึทื– ืžื™ืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ืš synchronous_commit ะฒ local ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ. ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื˜ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจ synchronous_commit ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคืœื™ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืึทื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก. ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืฉืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื’ื™ื™ื˜:

SET SESSION synchronous_commit TO ON;  
// Your writes go here

ืึทืœืข ืกืึทื‘ืกืึทืงื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืขืกื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืจืขืคึผืœืึทืงืึทื– ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท positive ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜. ืกื™ื™ึทื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก ืื™ืจ ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ synchronous_commit ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ. ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ SESSION ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืคึฟืขืœ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜.

ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข ืื•ืคึฟืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ื•ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื ืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืกื™ื ื˜ืฉืจืึธื ืึธื•ืก ืจืขืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืœืข NoSQL ื“ื•ืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ื–, ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืขืงืกื™ืกื˜ื™ืจื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ PostgreSQL. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ ืื™ืจ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ synchronous_commit ะฒ on ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืขืงืกืึทืงื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืกืข - ืžืึทื˜ืŸ. COMMIT ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ synchronous_commit, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื™ืึทื‘ืึทืœื– ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืก ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืึทื– ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื– ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ืงืจืึทื ืึทืก.

BEGIN;  
SET LOCAL synchronous_commit TO ON;  
// Your writes go here
COMMIT;  

ืึทืœืข ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืงืึทืžื™ืฅ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืจืขืคึผืœืึทืงืึทื– ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ืงืขืจื˜ ืึท positive ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜.

ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ PostgreSQL

ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขื, ืžื™ืจ ื™ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื“ ืึท PostgreSQL ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืžื™ื˜ synchronous_commit, ืื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ local. ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ืขื ืจืขืึทืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜, ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืขืก. ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจ synchronous_standby_names ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืŸ synchronous_commit ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ on. ืขืก ื“ื™ื˜ืขืจืžืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจืขืคึผืœืึทืงืึทื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืจืขื›ื˜ื™ื’ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกื™ื ื˜ืฉืจืึธื ืึธื•ืก ืงืึทืžื™ืฅ, ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืขืก ืฆื• *, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืžื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืึทื– ืึทืœืข ืจืขืคึผืœืึทืงืึทื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ื•ื“. ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื•ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธื ืคื™ื’ื•ืจืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ื˜ืขืงืข ื“ื•ืจืš ืฆื•ื’ืขื‘ืŸ:

synchronous_commit = local  
synchronous_standby_names='*'

ื“ื•ืจืš ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจ synchronous_commit ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ืฉ local, ืžื™ืจ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืึท ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื•ื•ื• ื”ื™ื’ืข ื“ื™ืกืงืก ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืกื™ื ื˜ืฉืจืึธื ืึธื•ืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ืขืฅ ืจืขืคึผืœื™ืงืข ืงืึทืžื™ืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ืงืจืึทื ืึทืก ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜. ืกื™ื™ึทื“ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžื™ืฅ ืกื™ื ื˜ืฉืจืึธื ืึธื•ืก, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ.

ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ืึธื›ืคืึธืœื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ื’ืื•ื•ืขืจื ืืจ ืคืจืื™ืขืงื˜, ืื™ืจ ืงืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคืจื™ืฉ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ (1, 2), ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ื’ืขื ืขืจืืœ ื ื™ืฆืขืจืก ืฆื• ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจืก ืื•ืŸ ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืกื™.

ื ืืš ืืคืืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ...

ื ืึธืจ ืึท ื•ื•ืึธืš ืฆื•ืจื™ืง, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืึทื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืคื™ื™ืŸ-ื˜ื•ื ืข PostgreSQL ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืคื™ื™ื ืœื™. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงื•ืจื˜, ืึท ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธืกืข ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืข ืžืึทื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜, ื™ื ืกื™ืกื˜ืึทื“ ืึทื– ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ื’ืขืœืขื’ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. ืขืจ ืงืึทืœืžื“ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ PostgreSQL ื“ืึทืงื™ื•ืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข:

PostgreSQL ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’-ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืกื™ ืกืขื˜ื˜ื™ื ื’ืก

ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜. ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉืœืืกืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ืกื™ื ื’ืงืจืึทื ืึทืกืœื™ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ืงืจืึทื ืึทืกืœื™. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืฆื• ืฆื•ื•ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ multistatement ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืงืึทืžื™ืฅ ื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ืงืจืึทื ืึทืกืœื™ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืงืขืจื˜, ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ SET LOCAL synchronous_commit TO OFF ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ.

ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธื“ื™ืคื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื˜ืขืงืข, ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ื–ืขืจื– ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืกื™ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’.

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’