ืืืืฃ ืฉืืช, 30 ืืื 2020, ืึท ื ืื ืืืืื ืงืืึธืจ ืคึผืจืึธืืืขื ืืื ืืืืคืืขืฉืืื ืขื ืืื ืคืึธืืงืก SSL / TLS ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ ืคืื ืื ืคืึทืจืงืืืคืขืจ Sectigo (ืขืจืฉืืข ืงืึธืืึธืืึธ). ืื ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืืื ืืืืื ืืขื ืขื ืืืืืืขืจ ืืขืืืขื ืืื ืืื ืฅ ืืจืืขื ืื ื, ืืืขืจ ืืืื ืข ืคืื โโืื ืฆืืืืฉื ืื CA ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืืื ืืื ืื ืงืืืื ืืื ืืืขืืืข ืื ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืืื ืืขื ืขื ืฆืืืขืฉืืขืื ืืื ืืื ืคืืจืคืืืื ืืขืืืืจื. ืื ืกืืืืึทืฆืืข ืืื ื ืืฉื ืฆื ืืึธืื ืึทื ืคืึทืืึทื, ืึธืืขืจ ืคึผืจืืงืจืข: ืื ืงืจืึทื ื ืืืขืจืกืืขืก ืคืื ืืจืึทืืืขืจื ืืึธืื ืืึธืจื ืืฉื ืืืืขืจืงื, ืึธืืขืจ, ืจืืึฟ ืึธืืึทืืืืฉืึทื ื ืืื ืึทืื ืืจืึทืืืขืจื / ืึทืก ืืขื ืขื ื ืืฉื ืืจืืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืืึท ืึท ืงืขืจ.
ืืืืจ ืืื ื ืืฉื ืืขืืืขื ืงืืื ืืืืกื ืื, ืืขืจืคืืจ ืืื ืืขืฉืจืืืขื ืืขืืืืจื ืื ืืืืืงืข ืืื ืื ืคืจืืืจืื / ืคึผืึธืกืืืึธืจืืขื.
ืื; ืืจ ืืืืืื ื ืืื ืื ืกืืฃ.
ืืึธืืืจ ืืึธืคึผืงืขื ืื ืืงืขืจืืืง ืืขืึธืจืืข ืืืขืื PKI, SSL / TLS, https ืืื ืืขืจ. ืื ืืึทืงืึทื ืืงืก ืคืื ืึธืืขื ืืึทืงืืืฉืึทื ืืื ืึท ืคืขืื ืืืืขืจืืืื ืืึทืืืืึทืื ืืื ืฆื ืืืืขื ืึท ืงืืื ืคืื ืึท ื ืืืขืจ ืคืื ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ ืฆื ืืืื ืขืจ ืคืื ืื ืืจืึทืกืืื ืืืจื ืืขื ืืืขืืขืจืขืจ ืึธืืขืจ ืึธืคึผืขืจืืืืื ื ืกืืกืืขื, ืืืึธืก ืืขื ืขื ืกืืึธืจื ืืื ืื ืึทืืื ืืขืจืืคืขื ืข ืืจืึทืกื ืกืืึธืจ. ืื ืจืฉืืื ืืื ืคืื ืื ืืขืจืืขืืืืื ืืื ืื ืึธืคึผืขืจืืืืื ื ืกืืกืืขื, ืงืึธื ืจืื ืืืืข ืืงืึธืืกืืกืืึทื ืึธืืขืจ ืืืขืืขืจืขืจ. ืงืืื ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ ืืึธืื ืึท ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจืืืฉืึทื ืืึธื ื ืึธื ืืืึธืก ืืื ืืขื ืขื ืืขืืืืื ืึทื ืืจืึทืกืืื, ืึทืจืืึทื ืืขืจืขืื ื ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ ืืื ืื ืฆืืืจืื ืงืจืึธื. ืืืึธืก ืืึธื ืืืืกืืขืืขื ืื ืงืืื ืคืื ืฆืืืจืื ืคืึทืจื ืืืจืืืืงื ืืึธื? ื ืืืขื ื ืืฆื ืืืขื ืืขืืคึฟื ืืื ืื ืฆื ืืขืคึฟืื ืขื ืขืก ืคืื Qualys.
ืึทืืื, ืืืื ืขืจ ืคืื ืื ืืขืจืกื ืคืึธืืงืก "ืืขืฉืขืคื" ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ ืืื Sectigo Positive SSL (ืึทืืึธื Comodo Positive SSL, ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ ืืื ืืขื ื ืึธืืขื ืืขื ืขื ื ืึธื ืืื ื ืืฆื), ืืึธืก ืืื ืื ืึทืืื ืืขืจืืคืขื ืข ืืื ืืึทืืืืึทืื. DV ืืื ืื ืืขืจืกื ืคึผืจืืืืืืื ืืืจืื ืคืื ืกืขืจืืึทืคืึทืงืืืฉืึทื, ืืืึทืืฉ ืืืขืจืึทืคืึทืงืืืฉืึทื ืคืื ืึทืงืกืขืก ืฆื ืคืขืื ืคืึทืจืืืึทืืืื ื ืืืจื ืื ืืฉืืขืจ ืคืื ืึทืืึท ืึท ืืึทืืืืึทืื. ืึทืงืืืึทืืื, DV ืฉืืืื ืคึฟืึทืจ "ืืึธืืืื ืืืึทืืึทืืืืฉืึทื". ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืขืจืืึธื ืขื: ืขืก ืืื ืืืื OV (ืึธืจืืึทื ืืืึทืฆืืข ืืืึทืืึทืืืืฉืึทื) ืืื EV (ืขืงืกืืขื ืืขื ืืืึทืืึทืืืืฉืึทื), ืืื ืึท ืคืจืื ืืึทืืืืึทืื ืคืื Let's Encrypt ืืื ืืืื DV. ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ืืืึธืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขืืืขืืข ืกืืื ืืขื ืขื ื ืืฉื ืฆืืคึฟืจืืื ืืื ืื ACME ืืขืงืึทื ืืืึทื, ืื Positive SSL ืคึผืจืึธืืืงื ืืื ืื ืืขืจืกื ืคึผืึทืกืืง ืืื ืืขืจืืื ืขื ืคืื ืคึผืจืืึทื / ืคึฟืขืึดืงืืืื (ืึท ืืืื ืคืขืื ืืึทืืืืึทืื ืงืึธืก ืืืขืื 5-7 ืืึธืืืึทืจืก ืคึผืขืจ ืืึธืจ ืืื ืึท ืืึทื ืฅ ืืืืืืงืืึทื ืฆืืึทื ืคืื ืืึทืืืืึทืื. ืฆื 2 ืืึธืจ ืืื 3 ืืืฉืื).
ืื Sectigo DV ืืืฉืึทื ืขืจืืง ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทื (RSA) ืืื ืืขืฆืื ืก ืืขืงืืืขื ืืื ืื ืงืืื ืคืื ืื ืืขืจืืืืืื ืงืึทืก:
Certificate #1:
Data:
Version: 3 (0x2)
Serial Number:
7d:5b:51:26:b4:76:ba:11:db:74:16:0b:bc:53:0d:a7
Signature Algorithm: sha384WithRSAEncryption
Issuer: C=US, ST=New Jersey, L=Jersey City, O=The USERTRUST Network, CN=USERTrust RSA Certification Authority
Validity
Not Before: Nov 2 00:00:00 2018 GMT
Not After : Dec 31 23:59:59 2030 GMT
Subject: C=GB, ST=Greater Manchester, L=Salford, O=Sectigo Limited, CN=Sectigo RSA Domain Validation Secure Server CA
Certificate #2:
Data:
Version: 3 (0x2)
Serial Number:
13:ea:28:70:5b:f4:ec:ed:0c:36:63:09:80:61:43:36
Signature Algorithm: sha384WithRSAEncryption
Issuer: C=SE, O=AddTrust AB, OU=AddTrust External TTP Network, CN=AddTrust External CA Root
Validity
Not Before: May 30 10:48:38 2000 GMT
Not After : May 30 10:48:38 2020 GMT
Subject: C=US, ST=New Jersey, L=Jersey City, O=The USERTRUST Network, CN=USERTrust RSA Certification Authorityืขืก ืืื ืงืืื "ืืจืื ืืึทืืืืึทืื", ืืื-ืืขืืชืืขื ืคึฟืื AddTrust AB, ืืื ื ืืื ืขืืืขืืข ืคืื ื ืืื ืฆืืื ืขืก ืืื ืืขืืืืจื ืืืืจืืื ืฉืืขืื ืืึทื ืืจื ืฆื ืึทืจืืึทื ื ืขืืขื ืืื-ืืขืืชืืขื ืืืึธืจืฆื ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ ืืื ืงืืืื. ืืึทืืขืจืงืื ื ืึทื ืื ืื ืืขืจืืืืืื CA ืืจืืืก ืืืจื AddTrust ืก UserTrust ืืื ืึท ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจืืืฉืึทื ืืึธื ืคืื ืืื 30, 2020. ืืึธืก ืืื ื ืืฉื ืืจืื ื, ืืืืึทื ืึท ืืืงืึทืืืฉืึทื ืื ื ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืืืจ ืืื ืคึผืืึทื ื ืขื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืขื CA. ืขืก ืืื ืืขืืืขื ืืขืืืืืื ืึทื ืืื ืืื 30, 2020, ืึท ืงืจืืึทื-ืืขืืชืืขื ืืึทืืืืึทืื ืคืื UserTrust ืืืึธืื ืืขืจืฉืืึทื ืขื ืืื ืึทืืข ืืจืึทืกื ืกืืึธืจื ืืื ืืขื ืฆืืื (ืืื ืืขืจ ืื ืงืึทืคึผืืขืจ, ืืึธืก ืืื ืืขืจ ืืขืืืืงืขืจ ืืึทืืืืึทืื, ืึธืืขืจ ืืึทื ืฅ ืึท ืฆืืืืจ ืฉืืืกื) ืืื ืื ืงืืื, ืืคืืื ืืื ืื ืงืึทืคึผืืขืจ. ืฉืืื ืึทื ืืจืึทืกืืื ืืึทืืืืึทืื ืึทืจืืึทื ืืขืจืขืื ื, ืืืขื ืืึธืื ืึธืืืขืจื ืึทืืืื ืคึผืึทืืก ืื ืื ืืื ืงืืื ืืืื ืขืจ ืืืขื ืืึทืืขืจืงื. ืึธืืขืจ, ืื ืคึผืืึทื ื ืงืจืึทืฉื ืืื ืคืึทืงื, ื ืืืืื ืื ืืึทื ื ืืขืจืืื "ืืขืืึทื ืกืืกืืขืืขื". ืืึทืงืข, ืื ืึธืื ืขืจื ืคืื ืงืจืึทื ื ืืืขืจืกืืขืก ืคืื ืืจืึทืืืขืจื ืืึธืื ืืึธืจื ืืฉื ืืืืขืจืงื, ืึธืืขืจ ืืขืจ ืืึทืจื ืคืื ืึธืืึทืืืืฉืึทื ืืขืืืื ืืืืฃ ืงืขืจื ืืื ssl / tls ืืืืืจืขืจืื ืคืื ืึท ื ืืืขืจ ืคืื ืคึผืจืึธืืจืึทืืืื ื ืฉืคึผืจืึทืื ืืื ืงืึธื ืืืจืืคืืจืื ื ืื ืืืืืจืึทื ืืึทื ืฅ ืฆืขืืจืืื. ืขืก ืืึธื ืืืื ืคืืจืฉืืื ืขื ืึทื ืคืืืข ืคึผืจืึธืืืงืื ืืขื ืขื ื ืืฉื ืืืืืื ืืืจื ืื ืงืืื ืื ืื ืืืฉืืจืื ืืขืืืื ืืื ืื ืึทืก, ืึธืืขืจ "ืืจืึธืื" ืืืืขืจ ืฆืืืจืื ืงืจืึธื ืืื ืืื. ืืื ืืื ืืึธื ื ืื ืฉืืขื ืืืง ืึทื ืืืึทืืื ืืืึธืก ืืื ืืืึธืื ืืื ืฆื ืืขื. . ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืงืก, ืคึผืึทืงืึทืืืฉืึทื ืืื ืงืึท-ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ ืืขื ืขื ื ืืฉื ืฉืืขื ืืืง ืืขืจืืืึทื ืืืงื. ืืื ืื ืกืืฃ, ืึทืืฅ ืืืื ื ืฆื ืืืื ืืื ืกืืจ, ืึธืืขืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ืืื ื ืืฉื ืึทืจืืขืื ืืึธ ืืื ืืึธืจื.
ืคึฟืื ืคืืืืจ 1, ืขืก ืืื ืงืืึธืจ ืึทื ืืึธืืฉ ืึทืืฅ ืืขืงืืงื ื ืึธืจืืึทื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ืืืึทืกื ืืขืจืืืึทื, ืขืคึผืขืก ืฆืขืืจืืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขืืขืฆืขืจ ืืื ืืขืจ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืืืคึผื ืืืืขืจืงื (ืืื ืงืก ืจืืื ืฉืืจื), ืืขืืึธืื ืขืก ืืขืืืืงืกื ืืืขื ืืืื ืขืจ ืคืื ืื ืฉืืืกื ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ ืืื ืจืืคึผืืืืกื (ืจืขืื ืฉืืจื). ืื ื ืืื ื ืืฒื ืข ื ืืขืฐืข ื ืคืืืฆื , ืฐืข ื ืืข ื ืื ื ืืขืืื ื ืื ืืขืจ ืข ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืืื , ืืื ืฃ ืฐืขืื ืข ืขืคืข ืก ืื ื ืืื ื ืืคืืขืืื ืืขื . ืืื ื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ืืขืจืืืึทื ืึทืืฅ ืืืืืฉืืืึทืื ืคืืจืืืืื ืฆื ืึทืจืืขืื ืืขืจ ืึธืืขืจ ืืืืื ืืงืขืจ ืงืขืกืืืืขืจ (ืืื ืืืกื ืขื ืคืื ืืึธืื ืข ืืืืืฉืื ืึทืืึท ืืื ืื ืืืคึผืึธืกืืืืืืื ืคืื ืืึธืืืื ื ืืืืืขืจ ืืืืฃ Habrastorage), ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืืึทืื ืึท ืืืืืจืขืงื ืืกืงื ื ืืืขืื ืื ื ืืืขืจ ืคืื ืืขืืึทื ืงืืืืึทื ืฅ ืืื ืืึธืฅ ืืืืฃ Habrรฉ.
ืคืืืืจืข 1. ืืจืึทืคืืง ืคืื "ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ" ืืืืฃ Habrรฉ.
ืคืืืืจ 2 ืืืืืื ืืื ืึทื "ืึธืืืขืจื ืึทืืืื" ืงืืื ืืื ืืขืืืื ืืื ืงืจืึทื ื ืืืขืจืกืืขืก ืคืื ืืจืึทืืืขืจื ืฆื ืึท ืืจืึทืกืืื CA ืืึทืืืืึทืื ืืื ืืขืจ ืืึทื ืืฆืขืจ ืก ืืืขืืขืจืขืจ, โโืืคืืื ืืืื ืขืก ืืื ืึท "ืคืึทืจืคืืืื" ืืึทืืืืึทืื ืืื ืืขืจ ืงืืื. ืืึธืก, ืืื ืกืขืงืืืืึธ ืืื ืืขืืืืืื, ืืื ืื ืกืืื ื ืืฉื ืฆื ืืึธื ืขืคึผืขืก.
ืคืืืืจืข 2. ืงืืื ืฆื ืึท ืืจืึทืกืืื ืืึทืืืืึทืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืืึธืืขืจื ืืืขืืขืจืขืจ ืืืขืจืกืืข.
ืึธืืขืจ ืืื ืคืืืืจืข 3, ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืืขื ืืื ืึทืืฅ ืืึทืงืข ืงืืงื ืืืขื ืขืคึผืขืก ืืื ืคืึทืืฉ ืืื ืืืจ ืืึธืื ืึท ืืขืืึทื ืกืืกืืขื. ืืื ืืขื ืคืึทื, ืื HTTPS ืคึฟืึทืจืืื ืืื ื ืืื ื ืืฉื ืืขืืจืื ืืขื ืืื ืืืจ ืืขื ืึท ืืขืืช ืืื "ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทื ืืืึทืืึทืืืืฉืึทื ื ืื ืึทื ืืขืจืฉ" ืึธืืขืจ ืขื ืืขื.
ืคืืืืจืข 3. ืื ืงืืื ืืื ืืขืืืขื ืื ืืืึทืืึทืืืืืึทื ืืืืึทื ืื ืืืึธืจืฆื ืืึทืืืืึทืื ืืื ืื ืื ืืขืจืืืืืื ืืขืืชืืขื ืืืจื ืขืก ืืขื ืขื "ืคืึทืจืคืืืื".
ืืื ืคืืืืจืข 4, ืืืจ ืฉืืื ืืขื ืึท "ืืืืืื ื" ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืขืืึทื ืกืืกืืขืืขื: ืขืก ืืื ืื ืื ืืขืจ ืื ืืขืจืืืืืื ืืึทืืืืึทืื, ืึธืืขืจ ืืึทื ืฅ ืึท "ืงืจืืึทื-ืกืืื ืึทืืืจืข" ืคืื ืื ืื ืืขืจ CA, ืืืึธืก ืืื ืืืืฉืึทืืืึทืื ืคึผืจืขืื ืกืืึทืืืขื ืืื ืืขืืึทื ืกืืกืืขืืขื. ืืึธืก ืืื ืืืึธืก ืืืจ ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืฆื ืืึธื: ืืขืคึฟืื ืขื ืืขื ืืึทืืืืึทืื (ืืืึธืก ืืื ืื ืืขืฆืืืื ื ืืื ืขืงืกืืจืข ืืจืืคืงืืคืืข) ืืื ืคืึทืจืืืึทืื ืื "ืคืึทืจืคืืืื" ืืื ืขืก.
ืคืืืืจืข 4. ืื ืืขืจ ืืจืืจื ืงืืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืขืืึทื ืกืืกืืขืืขื.
ืืืจื ืืขื ืืืขื: ืื ืคึผืจืึธืืืขื ืืื ื ืืฉื ืืึธืื ืืจืืื ืคึผืืจืกืขื ืืื ืขืืืขืืข ืืื ืคืื ืฆืืืืจ ืืืกืงืืกืืข, ืึทืจืืึทื ืืขืจืขืื ื ืจืขืื ืฆื ืืขืจ ืืืขืจืืง ืืึทืืืขืก ืคืื ืกืขืงืืืืึธ. ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืืึทืฉืคึผืื, ืืึธ ืืื ืื ืืืื ืื ื ืคืื ืืืื ืขืจ ืคืื ืื ืืึทืืืืึทืื ืคึผืจืึทืืืืืืขืจื ืืื ืฆื ืืขื ืืฆื:
ืคืจืืขืจ ืืื [ืกืขืงืืืืึธ] ืคืืจืืืืขืจื ืึทืืขืืขื ืึทื ืงืืื ืืฉืื ืืืขื ืืืื. ืึธืืขืจ, ืืขืจ ืคืึทืงื ืืื ืึทื ืขืืืขืืข ืืขืืึทื ืกืขืจืืืขืจืก / ืืขืืืืกืขืก ืืขื ืขื ืึทืคืขืงืืึทื.
ืืึธืก ืืื ืึท ืืขืืขืจืืขื ืกืืืืึทืฆืืข. ืืืจ ืืึธืื ืึธื ืืขืืืืื ืืืืขืจ ืืคืืขืจืงืืึทืืงืืื ืฆื ืื ืืงืกืคึผืืืขืจืื ื AddTrust RSA / ECC ืขืืืขืืข ืืึธื ืืื ืึท ืืึธืจ ืืื ืืขืืขืจ ืืึธื Sectigo ืึทืฉืืจื ืืื ืื ืึทื ืงืืื ืืฉืื ืืืขื ืืืื.
ืืื ืืื ืคืขืจืืขื ืืื ืืขืคืจืขืื ืืืืฃ Stack Overflow ืืืขืื ืืขื ืึท ืืืืฉ ืฆืืจืืง, ืึธืืขืจ ืืฉืืขืืช, ืื ืืืืขื ืคืื ืื ืคึผืจืืืขืงื ืืื ื ืืฉื ืืืืขืจ ืคึผืึทืกืืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืืึท ืคึฟืจืืื, ืึทืืื ืืื ืืขืืื ืฆื ืขื ืืคึฟืขืจื ืขืก ืืื ื ืึธื ืื ืึทื ืึทืืืกืืก.
ืกืขืงืืืืึธ ืขืก ืืื ืึท FAQ ืืืืฃ ืืขื ืืขืืข, ืึธืืขืจ ืขืก ืืื ืึทืืื ืึทื ืจืืืึทืืึทื ืืื ืืึทื ื ืึทื ืขืก ืืื ืืืืืขืืืขื ืฆื ื ืืฆื ืขืก. ืืึธ ืืื ืึท ืฆืืืืจื ืืืึธืก ืืื ืื ืงืืืื ืืืกืขื ืก ืคืื ืื ืืื ืฆืข ืืืกืืึทืืข:
ืืืึธืก ืืืจ ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืฆื ืืึธื
ืคึฟืึทืจ ืจืืึฟ ื ืืฆื ืงืึทืกืขืก, ืึทืจืืึทื ืืขืจืขืื ื ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ ืืืึธืก ืืื ืขื ืืึธืืขืจื ืงืืืขื ื ืึธืืขืจ ืกืขืจืืืขืจ ืกืืกืืขืืขื, ืงืืื ืงืึทืืฃ ืืื ืคืืจืืื ืื, ืฆื ืืืจ ืืึธื ืืจืืืก ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ ืงืจืืึทื-ืืฉืืื ื ืฆื ืื AddTrust ืืืึธืจืฆื ืึธืืขืจ ื ืืฉื.ืืื 30 ืื ืืคืจืื 2020: ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืขืฉืขืคื ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืึทื ืืืึธืก ืึธืคืขื ืืขื ืืืืฃ ืืืืขืจ ืึทืื ืกืืกืืขืืขื, Sectigo ืืื ืื ืืืฆื (ืืืจื ืคืขืืืงืืึทื ืืื ืื ืืึทืืืืึทืื ืืึทื ืืึทืื) ืึท ื ืืึทืข ืืขืืึทื ืืืึธืจืฆื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืจืืึทื-ืกืืื ืื ื, ืื "AAA ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทื ืืึทืืื ืื ืืก" ืืืึธืจืฆื. ืึธืืขืจ, ืืืืข ื ืืฆื ืขืงืกืืจืขื ืืืึธืจืขื ืขื ืืืขืื ืงืืื ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืืืึธืก ืืขืคึผืขื ืืก ืืืืฃ ืืืืขืจ ืึทืื ืืขืืึทื ืกืืกืืขืืขื. ืกืืกืืขืืขื ืืืึธืก ืืึธืื ื ืืฉื ืืืงืืืขื ืื ื ืืืืืง ืืขืจืืืึทื ืืืงืื ืืขื ืฆื ืฉืืืฆื ื ืืึทืขืจ ืจืืฅ ืึทืืึท ืืื Sectigo ืก COMODO ืืืึธืจืฆื ืืืขื ืื ืขืืืึทืืึทืืื ืคืขืื ืื ืืขืจืข ืืงืขืจืืืง ืืืืขืจืืืื ืืขืจืืืึทื ืืืงืื ืืขื ืืื ืืึธื ืืืื ืืขืืืืื ืื ืกืึทืงืืขืจ. ืืืื ืืืจ ื ืึธื ืืืืื ืฆื ืงืจืืึทื-ืฆืืืื ืฆื ืื AAA ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทื ืืึทืืื ืื ืืก ืืืึธืจืฆื, ืืืืข ืงืึธื ืืึทืงื Sectigo ืืืืึทื.
ืืื ืืึทืงืข ืืื ืื "ืืืืขืจ ืึทืื" ืืขืืืก, ืคืื ืงืืจืก. ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืืึทืฉืคึผืื, ืงืขืจ ืืื ืื ืงืึทื ืกืึธืื ืคืื Ubuntu Linux 18.04 LTS (ืืื ืืืขืจ ืืึทืืข ืึทืก ืืื ืืขืจ ืืึธืืขื ื) ืืื ืื ืืขืฆืืข ืืขืจืืืึทื ืืืงืื ืืขื ื ืืฉื ืขืืืขืจ ืืื ืึท ืืืืฉ, ืขืก ืืื ืฉืืืขืจ ืฆื ืจืืคื ืืืืขืจ ืึทืื, ืึธืืขืจ ืขืก ืืื ื ืืฉื ืึทืจืืขืื.
ืจืืึฟ ืืึทืืืืึทืื ืืืกืืจืืืืึทืืขืจื ืืืคืจืืื ืืืืขืจ ืืึทืฉืืืก ืืขืจืืช ืืื ืื ืฉืคึผืขื ื ืึธืืืืืึธื ืคืื ืืื 30. ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืืึทืฉืคึผืื, ืืืืขืจ ืคึผืึทืกืืง ืืื ืืขืื ืืฉ ืืขืจืืื ืขื ืคืื (ืืื ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆืืคืืฉ ืืึทืฉืจืืึทืืื ื ืคืื ืืืึธืก ืฆื ืืึธื ืืื ืืื ืคืึทืจืืืง CA-ืืึทื ืืึทืื ืืื ืคืึทืจืฉืืขืกืืขื ืึทืจืงืืืืื, ืึธืืขืจ ืืืืื RSA):
ืคืืืืจืข 5. ืืืื ืืจืื ืฆื ืคืึทืจืจืืืื ืืื ืื ืืขืฉืืืื ื.
ืขืก ืื ืคืึทืจืึทื ืคึฟืื Redhat, ืึธืืขืจ ืขืก ืืื ืืขืจ ืืื ืืขืจ ืืขืืึทื ืืื ืืืจ ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืฆื ืื ืกืืึทืืืจื ืึทื ืืคืืื ืืขืจ ืืืึธืจืฆื ืืขืืึทื ืืึทืืืืึทืื ืคึฟืื Comodo ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืืฅ ืฆื ืึทืจืืขืื.
ืืึทืฉืืื
ืขืก ืืื ืืืขืจื ืืืคึผืืืงืืืืื ื ืื ืืืืืื ื ืืึธ ืืืื. ืื ืืขืจ ืืขื ืขื ืฆืืืื ืฉืืขืื ืคืื ืงืืืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ DV ืกืขืงืืืืึธ (ื ืื ืงืึธืืึธืืึธ!), ืืืื ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ืืึทืงืึทื ืืข RSA ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ, ืื ืื ืืขืจืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ืืืืื ืืงืขืจ ืืึทืงืึทื ืืข ECC (ECDSA) ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ (ืืืจ ืืึธืื ืฉืืื ื ืืฆื ืฆืืืื ืงืืืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืืึทื ื ืฆืืึทื). ืืื ECC, ืขืก ืืื ืืขืืืขื ืืขืจ ืฉืืืขืจ, ืืืืึทื ืจืืึฟ ืกืึทืืืฉืึทื ื ืืึธื ื ืื ื ืขืืขื ืืื ืืฉืืื ืื ืืืึทืืืึทื ืคืื ืึทืืึท ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ ืจืขืื ืฆื ืืืืขืจ ื ืืืขืจืืง ืคึผืจืขืืืึทืืึทื ืก. ืืื ืึท ืจืขืืืืืึทื, ืื ืคืืจืืื ืื ืื ืืขืจืืืืืื ืืึทืืืืึทืื ืืื ืืขืคืื ืขื ืืืืฃ .
ืงืืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ ืืืืืจื ืืืืฃ ืฉืืืกื ืึทืืืขืจืืืึทื ืจืกืึท. ืคืึทืจืืืืึทืื ืืื ืืืื ืงืืื ืืื ืืึธื ืึทื ืืืืื ืื ื ืืืขืจืืงืขืจ ืืึทืืืืึทืื ืืื ืจืืคึผืืืืกื, ืืฉืขืช ืืขืจ ืืืืืขืจืฉืืขืจ ืืื ืคืืจืืืืื ืื ืืขืืืข. ืืื ืืืกืืืืื ืืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืืจื ืื ืืขืฆืืข ืืจืื ืืืชืืืช ืคืื ืืึทืกืข64 ืืืึทืงืก, ื ืื ืงืึทืื ืืื ื ืื "ืืืืึทื" ืืึทืจืึทืงืืขืจ (ืืื ืืขื ืคืึทื En8= ะธ 1+V):
# Subject: /C=GB/ST=Greater Manchester/L=Salford/O=Sectigo Limited/CN=Sectigo RSA Domain Validation Secure Server CA
# Algo: RSA, key size: 2048
# Issuer: /C=US/ST=New Jersey/L=Jersey City/O=The USERTRUST Network/CN=USERTrust RSA Certification Authority
# Not valid before: 2018-11-02T00:00:00Z
# Not valid after: 2030-12-31T23:59:59Z
# SHA-1 Fingerprint: 33:E4:E8:08:07:20:4C:2B:61:82:A3:A1:4B:59:1A:CD:25:B5:F0:DB
# SHA-256 Fingerprint: 7F:A4:FF:68:EC:04:A9:9D:75:28:D5:08:5F:94:90:7F:4D:1D:D1:C5:38:1B:AC:DC:83:2E:D5:C9:60:21:46:76
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIGEzCCA/ugAwIBAgIQfVtRJrR2uhHbdBYLvFMNpzANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQwFADCB
iDELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxEzARBgNVBAgTCk5ldyBKZXJzZXkxFDASBgNVBAcTC0pl
cnNleSBDaXR5MR4wHAYDVQQKExVUaGUgVVNFUlRSVVNUIE5ldHdvcmsxLjAsBgNV
BAMTJVVTRVJUcnVzdCBSU0EgQ2VydGlmaWNhdGlvbiBBdXRob3JpdHkwHhcNMTgx
MTAyMDAwMDAwWhcNMzAxMjMxMjM1OTU5WjCBjzELMAkGA1UEBhMCR0IxGzAZBgNV
BAgTEkdyZWF0ZXIgTWFuY2hlc3RlcjEQMA4GA1UEBxMHU2FsZm9yZDEYMBYGA1UE
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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
# Subject: /C=US/ST=New Jersey/L=Jersey City/O=The USERTRUST Network/CN=USERTrust RSA Certification Authority
# Algo: RSA, key size: 4096
# Issuer: /C=GB/ST=Greater Manchester/L=Salford/O=Comodo CA Limited/CN=AAA Certificate Services
# Not valid before: 2019-03-12T00:00:00Z
# Not valid after: 2028-12-31T23:59:59Z
# SHA-1 Fingerprint: D8:9E:3B:D4:3D:5D:90:9B:47:A1:89:77:AA:9D:5C:E3:6C:EE:18:4C
# SHA-256 Fingerprint: 68:B9:C7:61:21:9A:5B:1F:01:31:78:44:74:66:5D:B6:1B:BD:B1:09:E0:0F:05:CA:9F:74:24:4E:E5:F5:F5:2B
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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/czSAaF9ffgZGclCKxO/WIu6pKJmBHaIkU4MiRTOok3JMrO66BQavHHxW/BBC5gA
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vGp4z7h/jnZymQyd/teRCBaho1+V
-----END CERTIFICATE-----ืงืืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ ืืืืืจื ืืืืฃ ืฉืืืกื ืึทืืืขืจืืืึทื ืขืงืง. ืกืืืืืึทืจืื ืืื ืื ืงืืื ืคึฟืึทืจ RSA, ืืืืื ืื ื ืืืขืจืืงืขืจ ืืึทืืืืึทืื ืืื ืจืืคึผืืืืกื, ืืฉืขืช ืืขืจ ืืืืืขืจืฉืืขืจ ืืื ืืขืืืืื ืื ืืขืืืข (ืืื ืืขื ืคืึทื fmA== ะธ v/c=):
# Subject: /C=GB/ST=Greater Manchester/L=Salford/O=Sectigo Limited/CN=Sectigo ECC Domain Validation Secure Server CA
# Algo: EC secp256r1, key size: 256
# Issuer: /C=US/ST=New Jersey/L=Jersey City/O=The USERTRUST Network/CN=USERTrust ECC Certification Authority
# Not valid before: 2018-11-02T00:00:00Z
# Not valid after: 2030-12-31T23:59:59Z
# SHA-1 Fingerprint: E8:49:90:CB:9B:F8:E3:AB:0B:CA:E8:A6:49:CB:30:FE:4D:C4:D7:67
# SHA-256 Fingerprint: 61:E9:73:75:E9:F6:DA:98:2F:F5:C1:9E:2F:94:E6:6C:4E:35:B6:83:7C:E3:B9:14:D2:24:5C:7F:5F:65:82:5F
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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4ToKFbZl+/OnFFzqnvOhcjHvClECEQcKmc8fmA==
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
# Subject: /C=US/ST=New Jersey/L=Jersey City/O=The USERTRUST Network/CN=USERTrust ECC Certification Authority
# Algo: EC secp384r1, key size: 384
# Issuer: /C=GB/ST=Greater Manchester/L=Salford/O=Comodo CA Limited/CN=AAA Certificate Services
# Not valid before: 2019-03-12T00:00:00Z
# Not valid after: 2028-12-31T23:59:59Z
# SHA-1 Fingerprint: CA:77:88:C3:2D:A1:E4:B7:86:3A:4F:B5:7D:00:B5:5D:DA:CB:C7:F9
# SHA-256 Fingerprint: A6:CF:64:DB:B4:C8:D5:FD:19:CE:48:89:60:68:DB:03:B5:33:A8:D1:33:6C:62:56:A8:7D:00:CB:B3:DE:F3:EA
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIID0zCCArugAwIBAgIQVmcdBOpPmUxvEIFHWdJ1lDANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQwFADB7
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BQADggEBABns652JLCALBIAdGN5CmXKZFjK9Dpx1WywV4ilAbe7/ctvbq5AfjJXy
ij0IckKJUAfiORVsAYfZFhr1wHUrxeZWEQff2Ji8fJ8ZOd+LygBkc7xGEJuTI42+
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8qn0dNW44bOwgeThpWOjzOoEeJBuv/c=
-----END CERTIFICATE-----ืึทื ืก ืฉืืื ืคืื ืขืก. ืืื ืง ืืืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืืื ืืคืืขืจืงืืึทืืงืืึทื.
ืืงืืจ: www.habr.com