ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ R ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš (ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืฉืžื™ืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ืก R ืคึผืึทืงืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื–)

ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš, ืึทืŸ ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืขืงื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืึทืœืขื ื˜ ืฆื• "ื”ืขืœื ื•ื•ืขืœื˜!" ื“ื™ R ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืกื ืขื.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ, ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ืกื™ื ื˜ืึทืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ R ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืงื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ืคึผืึทืงืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ืงืกืคึผืึทื ื“ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื™ืคึผืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก:

  • lubridate - ืึท ืคึผืขืงืœ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ืึทืจื™ื˜ืžืขื˜ื™ืง ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก;
  • timeperiodsR - ืึท ืคึผืขืงืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืœื– ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ.

ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ R ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš (ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืฉืžื™ืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ืก R ืคึผืึทืงืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื–)

ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ

ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก, ืื•ืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ื“ื™ R ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš, ืื™ืจ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ telegram ะธ ื™ืึธื•ื˜ื•ื‘ืข ื˜ืฉืึทื ืึทืœื–. ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืขื“ืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ืฆื• ื“ื™ R ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš.

  1. ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง R ืกื™ื ื˜ืึทืงืก
    ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืก. ื’ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืึทื˜ืข
    ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืก. ืขืงืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง R
  2. ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื•ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื™ื˜ ืคึผืขืงืœ
    ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืก. ื’ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืึทื˜ืข ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืฉืžื™ืจืŸ
    ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืก. ืขืงืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื•ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื™ื˜ ืคึผืขืงืœ
    ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืก. ืึทืจื™ื˜ืžืขื˜ื™ืง ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก
  3. ืกื™ืžืคึผืœื™ืคื™ืขื“ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื“ื–, ื˜ื™ืžืขืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื“ื–ืจ ืคึผืขืงืœ
    ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืก. ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืœื– ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“
    ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืก. ืคื™ืœื˜ืขืจื™ื ื’ ืึท ื•ื•ืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก ื ื™ืฆืŸ TimeperiodsR
  4. ืกืึธืฃ

ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง R ืกื™ื ื˜ืึทืงืก

ื’ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืึทื˜ืข

ื‘ืึทืกื™ืง ืจ ื”ืื˜ ืึท ืกื›ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก. ื“ื™ ื›ื™ืกืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ืกื™ื ื˜ืึทืงืก ืื™ื– ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึฟื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื’ื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฆืขื•ื•ืึธืจืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืื˜ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืึทืœ ืงืฉืจ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™.

ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืึธืคื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืœืึธื•ื“ื™ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ R, ืคึฟื•ืŸ CSV ื˜ืขืงืขืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืงื•ื•ืืœืŸ, ืื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืข ื•ื•ื™ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜. ืฆื• ื’ืขืจ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคึผ, ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึฟื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข as.Date().

# ัะพะทะดะฐั‘ะผ ั‚ะตะบัั‚ะพะฒั‹ะน ะฒะตะบั‚ะพั€ ั ะดะฐั‚ะฐะผะธ
my_dates <- c("2019-09-01", "2019-09-10", "2019-09-23")

# ะฟั€ะพะฒะตั€ัะตะผ ั‚ะธะฟ ะดะฐะฝะฝั‹ั…
class(my_dates)

#> [1] "character"

# ะฟั€ะตะพะฑั€ะฐะทัƒะตะผ ั‚ะตะบัั‚ ะฒ ะดะฐั‚ัƒ
my_dates <- as.Date(my_dates)

# ะฟั€ะพะฒะตั€ัะตะผ ั‚ะธะฟ ะดะฐะฝะฝั‹ั…
class(my_dates)

#> [1] "Date"

ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ as.Date() ืึทืงืกืขืคึผืฅ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ: YYYY-MM-DD ืึธื“ืขืจ YYYY/MM/DD.
ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื›ึผื•ืœืœ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื’ื•ืžืขื ื˜ format.

as.Date("September 26, 2019", format = "%B %d, %Y")

ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜ ืึทืงืกืขืคึผืฅ ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื– ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจื™ืงืœ ืคืึธืจืขื ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืžืขื”ืึทืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜; ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืงืึทืžืึทื ืœื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืื•ื ื˜ืŸ:

ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’
ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ื•ื ื’

%d
ื˜ืึธื’ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ

%a
ืึทื‘ืจื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืš

%A
ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืš

%w
ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืš (0-6, ื•ื•ื• 0 ืื™ื– ื–ื•ื ื˜ื™ืง)

%m
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™-ืฆื™ืคึฟืขืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ืึทืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ื•ื ื’ (01-12)

%b
ืึทื‘ืจื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ (ืืคืจื™ืœ, ืžืึทืจืฅ, ...)

%B
ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ

%y
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™-ืฆื™ืคึฟืขืจ ื™ืึธืจ ื‘ืึทืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ื•ื ื’

%Y
ืคื™ืจ-ืฆื™ืคึฟืขืจ ื™ืึธืจ ื‘ืึทืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ื•ื ื’

%j
ื˜ืึธื’ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ (001 - 366)

%U
ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจ (00 - 53), ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืš ื–ื•ื ื˜ื™ืง

%W
ื•ื•ืึธืš ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจ (00 - 53), ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืš ืžืื ื˜ื™ืง

ืึทืงืงืึธืจื“ื™ื ื’ืœื™, "26 ืกืขืคื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 2019" ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคื•ืœ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ. ื“ืขื ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืกืงืจื™ื™ื‘ื“ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื– ื•ื•ื™ ื’ื™ื™ื˜:"%B %d, %Y".

ื•ื•ื•:

  • %B โ€” ืคื•ืœืขืจ ื ืืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ
  • %d โ€” ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ
  • %Y โ€” ืคึฟื™ืจ-ืฆื™ืคึฟืขืจ ื™ืึธืจ ื‘ืึทืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ื•ื ื’

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืกืงืจื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึทืœืข ื ืึธืš ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจื™ืงืœ, ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืึทืฉืขืก, ืงืึธืžืžืึทืก, ืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื“ื–, ืกืคึผื™ื™ืกืึทื–, ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ. ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, "26 ืกืขืคื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 2019", ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืงืึธืžืข ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึท ืงืึธืžืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ื•ื ื’:"%B %d, %Y".

ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ (YYYY-MM-DD ืึธื“ืขืจ YYYY/MM/DD), ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื. ืฆื•ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืึทื•ื ืœืึธื•ื“ื™ื“ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื• ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืึธืก: "15 ื“ืขืฆืขืžื‘ืขืจ 2019." ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ืจื™ืงืœ ืฆื• ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืข, ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืึธืงืึทืœ.

# ะœะตะฝัะตะผ ะปะพะบะฐะปัŒ
Sys.setlocale("LC_TIME", "Russian")
# ะšะพะฝะฒะตั€ั‚ะธั€ัƒะตะผ ัั‚ั€ะพะบัƒ ะฒ ะดะฐั‚ัƒ
as.Date("ะ”ะตะบะฐะฑั€ัŒ 15, 2019 ะณ.", format = "%B %d, %Y")

ืขืงืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง R

ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคื™ืœืข ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง R ื•ื•ืึธืก ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืขืงืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืึท ืงืœืึทืก ื›ื™ื™ืคืขืฅ ื“ืึทื˜ืข.

current_date <- Sys.Date() # ั‚ะตะบัƒั‰ะฐั ะดะฐั‚ะฐ
weekdays(current_date)     # ะฟะพะปัƒั‡ะธั‚ัŒ ะฝะพะผะตั€ ะดะฝั ะฝะตะดะตะปะธ
months(current_date)       # ะฟะพะปัƒั‡ะธั‚ัŒ ะฝะพะผะตั€ ะผะตััั†ะฐ ะฒ ะณะพะดัƒ
quarters(current_date)     # ะฟะพะปัƒั‡ะธั‚ัŒ ะฝะพะผะตั€ ะบะฒะฐั€ั‚ะฐะปะฐ ะฒ ะณะพะดัƒ

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื• ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื›ื™ื™ืคืขืฅ ืงืœืึทืก ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื™ืŸ ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง R ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ 2 ืžืขืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืจืึธื ืึท ื˜ื™ืžืขืกื˜ืึทืžืคึผ: POSIXlt, POSIXct. ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœืืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื™ื– ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ื–ื™ื™ ืงืจืึธื ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜.

# ะฟะพะปัƒั‡ะธั‚ัŒ ั‚ะตะบัƒั‰ัƒัŽ ะดะฐั‚ัƒ ะธ ะฒั€ะตะผั
current_time <- Sys.time()

# ัƒะทะฝะฐั‚ัŒ ะบะปะฐัั ะพะฑัŠะตะบั‚ะฐ current_time 
class(current_time)

# "POSIXct" "POSIXt"

ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืึธื ื™ืจืŸ Sys.time() ืงืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜ POSIXct. ื“ืขื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜ ืื™ื– ืขื ืœืขืš ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ืฉ ืฆื• UNIXTIME, ืื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืจื– ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืขืงื•ื ื“ืขืก ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื™ืงืก ื˜ืงื•ืคืข (ื”ืึทืœื‘ ื ืึทื›ื˜ (UTC) ืคื•ืŸ 31 ื“ืขืฆืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1969 ื‘ื™ื– 1 ื™ืื ื•ืืจ 1970).

ืกืึธืจื˜ POSIXlt ืขืก ืื•ื™ืš ืกื˜ืึธืจื– ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื›ื™ื™ืคืขืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืจื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธื ืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜ POSIXlt ื“ืขื ืจืขืฉื™ืžืข.

# ะŸะพะปัƒั‡ะฐะตะผ ั‚ะตะบัƒั‰ัƒัŽ ะดะฐั‚ัƒ ะธ ะฒั€ะตะผั
current_time_ct <- Sys.time()

# ะŸั€ะตะพะฑั€ะฐะทัƒะตะผ ะฒ ั„ะพั€ะผะฐั‚ POSIXlt
current_time_lt <- as.POSIXlt(current_time_ct)

# ะธะทะฒะปะตะบะฐะตะผ ะบะพะผะฟะพะฝะตะฝั‚ั‹ ะดะฐั‚ั‹ ะธ ะฒั€ะตะผะตะฝะธ
current_time_lt$sec   # ัะตะบัƒะฝะดั‹
current_time_lt$min   # ะผะธะฝัƒั‚ั‹
current_time_lt$hour  # ั‡ะฐัั‹
current_time_lt$mday  # ะดะตะฝัŒ ะผะตััั†ะฐ
current_time_lt$mon   # ะผะตััั†
current_time_lt$year  # ะณะพะด
current_time_lt$wday  # ะดะตะฝัŒ ะฝะตะดะตะปะธ
current_time_lt$yday  # ะดะตะฝัŒ ะณะพะดะฐ
current_time_lt$zone  # ั‡ะฐัะพะฒะพะน ะฟะพัั

ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ื ื•ืžืขืจื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ POSIX* ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื– as.POSIXct() ะธ as.POSIXlt(). ื“ื™ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื’ื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ.

  • x - ื ื•ืžืขืจ, ืฉื˜ืจื™ืงืœ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืงืœืึทืก ื›ื™ื™ืคืขืฅ ื“ืึทื˜ืข, ืฐืขืœื›ืข ืจ ื“ืืจ ืฃ ืฐืขืจ ืŸ ืคืืจืžื™ืจื˜ ;
  • tz โ€” ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื–ืึธื ืข, ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ "GMT";
  • ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜ - ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ X ืึทืจื’ื•ืžืขื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืจืขืคึผืจื™ื–ืขื ื˜ื™ื“;
  • ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ - ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึท ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืฆื• POSIX; ืื™ืจ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืคืึธืจืŸ ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืข ื›ื™ื™ืคืขืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืกืขืงื•ื ื“ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืึทืจื’ื•ืžืขื ื˜. ื˜ื™ืคึผื™ืงืึทืœืœื™ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ืคึฟื•ืŸ UNIXTIME.

ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ UNIXTIME, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงืœืึธืจ, ืœื™ื™ื ืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึทื˜ืข, ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ:

# ะšะพะฝะฒะตั€ั‚ะธั€ัƒะตะผ UNIXTIME ะฒ ั‡ะธั‚ะฐะตะผัƒัŽ ะดะฐั‚ัƒ 
as.POSIXlt(1570084639,  origin = "1970-01-01")

ืื™ืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืกื˜ืึทืžืคึผ. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื›ึผื•ืœืœ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืขืงื•ื ื“ืขืก ื–ื™ื ื˜ ืกืขืคื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 15, 2019 12:15 PM, ื“ืึทืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืขืจ ืขืก ืฆื• ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืข ื ื•ืฆืŸ:

# ะšะพะฝะฒะตั€ั‚ะธั€ัƒะตะผ UNIXTIME ะฒ ะดะฐั‚ัƒ ัƒั‡ะธั‚ั‹ะฒะฐั ั‡ั‚ะพ ะฝะฐั‡ะฐะปะพ ะพั‚ัั‡ั‘ั‚ะฐ 15 ัะตะฝั‚ัะฑั€ั 2019 12:15
as.POSIXlt(1546123,  origin = "2019-09-15 12:15:00")

ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื•ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื™ื˜ ืคึผืขืงืœ

lubridate ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืคืึธืœืงืก ืคึผืขืงืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš R. ืขืก ื’ื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื ืึธืš ื“ืจื™ื™ ืงืœืืกืŸ.

  • durations โ€” ื’ืขื“ื•ื™ืขืจ, ื“.ื”. ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืขืงื•ื ื“ืขืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ื™ืžืขืกื˜ืึทืžืคึผืก;
  • ืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื“ื– - ืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื“ื– ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ-ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืœื–: ื˜ืขื’, ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ื•ื•ืึธื›ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ;
  • ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืœื– - ืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืึทืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืกืึธืฃ ืคื•ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜.

ื™ื™ึทื ืžืึธื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืคึผืึทืงืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ R ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข install.packages().

ื™ื ืกื˜ืึธืœื™ื ื’ ื“ืขื ืคึผืขืงืœ lubridate:

install.packages("lubridate")

ื’ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืึทื˜ืข ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืฉืžื™ืจืŸ

ืคึผืขืงืœ ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ lubridate ื‘ืื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคืึทืจืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื˜ืžืขื˜ื™ืง ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜.

ื“ื™ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืขืœืคึฟืŸ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ today() ะธ now().

today() # ั‚ะตะบัƒั‰ะฐั ะดะฐั‚ะฐ
now()   # ั‚ะตะบัƒั‰ะฐั ะดะฐั‚ะฐ ะธ ะฒั€ะตะผั

ืฆื• ืงืึธื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึท ืฉื˜ืจื™ืงืœ ืฆื• ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื™ืŸ lubridate ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืขืœื  ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ึท ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืงื•ื•ืึทื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ:

  • ื™ - ื™ืึธืจ
  • ืขื - ื—ื•ื“ืฉ
  • ื“ - ื˜ืึธื’

ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืึทื˜ืข ื“ื•ืจืš ืœื•ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื™ื˜

  • ymd()
  • ydm()
  • mdy()
  • myd()
  • dmy()
  • dym()
  • yq()

ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคื™ืœืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื˜ืจื™ื ื’ืก ืฆื• ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก:

ymd("2017 jan 21")
mdy("March 20th, 2019")
dmy("1st april of 2018")

ืื–ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื• ืงืขื ืกื˜ ื–ืขื”ืŸ lubridate ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคื™ืœ ืžืขืจ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ื“ื™ืกืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ื™ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ื’ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืึธืŸ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื– ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜.

ืขืงืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื•ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื™ื˜ ืคึผืขืงืœ

ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ืฆืŸ lubridate ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธื ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืข:

dt <- ymd("2017 jan 21")

year(dt)  # ะณะพะด
month(dt) # ะผะตััั†
mday(dt)  # ะดะตะฝัŒ ะฒ ะผะตััั†ะต
yday(dt)  # ะดะตะฝัŒ ะฒ ะณะพะดัƒ
wday(dt)  # ะดะตะฝัŒ ะฝะตะดะตะปะธ

ืึทืจื™ื˜ืžืขื˜ื™ืง ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก

ืื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ lubridate ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื˜ืžืขื˜ื™ืง ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก.

ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืจืึทื•ื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื˜ืืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืจื™ื™ึท ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื–:

  • floor_date โ€” ืจื•ื ื“ื ื“ื™ ืง ืฆื• ื ื ืืขื ื˜ืื˜ ืŸ ืคืืจื’ืื ื’ืขื  ืฅ ืฆืฒื˜
  • ceiling_date โ€” ืจื•ื ื“ื ื“ื™ ืง ืฆื• ื ื ืืขื ื˜ ืŸ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคื˜
  • round_date - ืจืึทื•ื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื ื™ืจืึทืกื˜ ืฆื™ื™ื˜

ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื– ื”ืื˜ ืึทืŸ ืึทืจื’ื•ืžืขื ื˜ ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึทื•ื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜: ืจื’ืข, ืžื™ื ื•ื˜, ืฉืขื”, ื˜ืึธื’, ื•ื•ืึธืš, ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ื‘ื™ืžืึธื ื˜ื”, ืคืขืจื˜ืœ, ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜, ื”ืึทืœื‘ ื™ืึธืจ, ื™ืึธืจ

dt <- ymd("2017 jan 21")

round_date(dt, unit = "month")    # ะพะบั€ัƒะณะปะธั‚ัŒ ะดะพ ะผะตััั†ะฐ
round_date(dt, unit = "3 month")  # ะพะบั€ัƒะณะปะธั‚ัŒ ะดะพ 3 ะผะตััั†ะตะฒ
round_date(dt, unit = "quarter")  # ะพะบั€ัƒะณะปะธั‚ัŒ ะดะพ ะบะฒะฐั€ั‚ะฐะปะฐ
round_date(dt, unit = "season")   # ะพะบั€ัƒะณะปะธั‚ัŒ ะดะพ ัะตะทะพะฝะฐ
round_date(dt, unit = "halfyear") # ะพะบั€ัƒะณะปะธั‚ัŒ ะดะพ ะฟะพะปัƒะณะพะดะธั

ืœืืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืกืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ื“ืื˜ื•ื ื•ื•ืืก ืื™ื– 8 ื˜ืขื’ ื ืืš ื“ืขื ื™ืขืฆื˜ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ืื˜ื•ื ืื•ืŸ ืžืื›ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืืจื™ื˜ืžืขื˜ื™ืง ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื“ืื˜ืขืก.

today() + days(8)   # ะบะฐะบะฐั ะดะฐั‚ะฐ ะฑัƒะดะตั‚ ั‡ะตั€ะตะท 8 ะดะฝะตะน
today() - months(2) # ะบะฐะบะฐั ะดะฐั‚ะฐ ะฑั‹ะปะฐ 2 ะผะตััั†ะฐ ะฝะฐะทะฐะด
today() + weeks(12) # ะบะฐะบะฐั ะดะฐั‚ะฐ ะฑัƒะดะตั‚ ั‡ะตั€ะตะท 12 ะฝะตะดะตะปัŒ
today() - years(2)  # ะบะฐะบะฐั ะดะฐั‚ะฐ ะฑั‹ะปะฐ 2 ะณะพะดะฐ ะฝะฐะทะฐะด

ืกื™ืžืคึผืœื™ืคื™ืขื“ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื“ื–, ื˜ื™ืžืขืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื“ื–ืจ ืคึผืขืงืœ.

timeperiodsR - ืึท ืคืจื™ืฉ ืคึผืขืงืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ CRAN ืื™ืŸ ืกืขืคื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 2019.

ื™ื ืกื˜ืึธืœื™ื ื’ ื“ืขื ืคึผืขืงืœ timeperiodsR:

install.packages("timeperiodsR")

ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืฆื™ืœ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืžืขื”ืึทืœืขืš ืงืึธืจืขื•ื• ืฆื• ืึท ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืข. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืœื™ื™ื›ื˜:

  • ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื•ื•ืึธืš, ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ืคืขืจื˜ืœ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื™ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ R.
  • ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ืกืคึผืขืกื™ืคื™ืขื“ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืœื– ืงืึธืจืขื•ื• ืฆื• ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืข, ืœืžืฉืœ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข 4 ื•ื•ืึธื›ืŸ.
  • ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืจื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ืขืงืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื–ืึทืœื˜ื™ื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืžืขื”ืึทืœืขืš: ื“ื™ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ื˜ืึธื’, ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื’ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื”ืึทืœืขืš, ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืกื™ืงื•ื•ืึทื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืขืก.

ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืคึผืขืงืœ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื– timeperiodsR ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื ื˜ื•ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ืขืœื  ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ: ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’_ืžืขื”ืึทืœืขืšื•ื•ืื•:

  • ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืžืึทืš ืงืึธืจืขื•ื• ืฆื• ืึท ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืข: last_n, previous, this, next, next_n.
  • ื˜ืขืžืคึผืขืจืึทืœ ืžืขื”ืึทืœืขืš ืฆื• ืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜: ื˜ืึธื’, ื•ื•ืึธืš, ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ืคืขืจื˜ืœ, ื™ืึธืจ.

ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื’ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื–:

  • last_n_days()
  • last_n_weeks()
  • last_n_months()
  • last_n_quarters()
  • last_n_years()
  • previous_week()
  • previous_month()
  • previous_quarter()
  • previous_year()
  • this_week()
  • this_month()
  • this_quarter()
  • this_year()
  • next_week()
  • next_month()
  • next_quarter()
  • next_year()
  • next_n_days()
  • next_n_weeks()
  • next_n_months()
  • next_n_quarters()
  • next_n_years()
  • custom_period()

ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืœื– ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“

ื“ื™ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทืกืขืก ื•ื•ื• ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืจื™ืคึผืึธืจืฅ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื•ื•ืึธืš ืึธื“ืขืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื ืึธืžืขืŸ previous_month():

prmonth <- previous_month()

ื ืึธืš ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื›ื™ื™ืคืขืฅ ืคึผืจืžืึธื ื˜ื” ืงืœืึทืก tprืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื›ื˜ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ:

  • ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื—ื•ื“ืฉ
  • ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ ืกื•ืฃ ื˜ืึธื’
  • ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื’ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜
  • ืกื™ืงื•ื•ืึทื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜

ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ:

# ะฟะตั€ะฒั‹ะน ะดะตะฝัŒ ะฟะตั€ะธะพะดะฐ
prmonth$start
start(prmonth)

# ะฟะพัะปะตะดะฝะธะน ะดะตะฝัŒ ะฟะตั€ะธะพะดะฐ
prmonth$end
end(prmonth)

# ะฟะพัะปะตะดะพะฒะฐั‚ะตะปัŒะฝะพัั‚ัŒ ะดะฐั‚
prmonth$sequence
seq(prmonth)

# ะบะพะปะธั‡ะตัั‚ะฒะพ ะดะฝะตะน ะฒั…ะพะดัั‰ะธั… ะฒ ะฟะตั€ะธะพะด
prmonth$length
length(prmonth)

ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื’ื•ืžืขื ื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืขืงืœ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื–. ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก: ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘, ืกื•ืฃ, ืกื™ืงื•ื•ืึทื ืก, ืœืขื ื’.

previous_month(part = "start")    # ะฝะฐั‡ะฐะปะพ ะฟะตั€ะธะพะดะฐ
previous_month(part = "end")      # ะบะพะฝะตั† ะฟะตั€ะธะพะดะฐ
previous_month(part = "sequence") # ะฟะพัะปะตะดะพะฒะฐั‚ะตะปัŒะฝะพัั‚ัŒ ะดะฐั‚
previous_month(part = "length")   # ะบะพะปะธั‡ะตัั‚ะฒะพ ะดะฝะตะน ะฒ ะฟะตั€ะธะพะดะต

ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืก ืงื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืึทืจื’ื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืขืงืœ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื– timeperiodsR:

  • x - ื“ืขืจ ืจืขืคึฟืขืจืขื ืฅ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึทืœืงื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“, ื“ื™ ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜;
  • n - ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืœื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ืœืžืฉืœ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข 3 ื•ื•ืึธื›ืŸ;
  • part - ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธื ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ื™ื™ืคืขืฅ tpr ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ all;
  • week_start โ€” ื“ืขืจ ืืจื’ื•ืžืขื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืคืืจืืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธื›ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืš ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘. 1 - ืžืื ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• 7 - ื–ื•ื ื˜ื™ืง.

ืื–ื•ื™, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ ืงืึธืจืขื•ื• ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืข; ื“ืึธ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคื™ืœืŸ:

# ะฟะพะปัƒั‡ะธั‚ัŒ 3 ะฟั€ะพัˆะปั‹ะต ะฝะตะดะตะปะธ
# ะพั‚ 6 ะพะบั‚ัะฑั€ั 2019 ะณะพะดะฐ
# ะฝะฐั‡ะฐะปะพ ะฝะตะดะตะปะธ - ะฟะพะฝะตะดะตะปัŒะฝะธะบ
last_n_weeks(x = "2019-10-06", 
             n = 3, 
             week_start = 1)

 Time period: from  9 September of 2019, Monday to 29 September of 2019, Sunday

6 ืืงื˜ืื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื–ื•ื ื˜ื™ืง:
ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ R ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš (ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืฉืžื™ืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ืก R ืคึผืึทืงืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื–)

ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืึท ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ ื•ื•ืึธืก, ืงืึธืจืขื•ื• ืฆื• 6 ืืงื˜ืื‘ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข 3 ื•ื•ืึธื›ืŸ. ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืš ื•ื•ืึธืก ื›ื•ืœืœ 6 ืืงื˜ืื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš. ืึทืงืงืึธืจื“ื™ื ื’ืœื™, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 9 ืกืขืคื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื– 29 ืกืขืคื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ.

ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ R ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš (ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืฉืžื™ืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ืก R ืคึผืึทืงืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื–)

# ะฟะพะปัƒั‡ะธั‚ัŒ ะผะตััั† ะพั‚ัั‚ะฐัŽั‰ะธะน ะฝะฐ 4 ะผะตััั†ะฐ
# ะพั‚ 16 ัะตะฝั‚ัะฑั€ั 2019 ะณะพะดะฐ
previous_month(x = "2019-09-16", n = 4)

 Time period: from  1 May of 2019, Wednesday to 31 May of 2019, Friday

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 4 ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฆื•ืจื™ืง, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ 16 ืกืขืคื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ 2019, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืื™ 2019.

ืคื™ืœื˜ืขืจื™ื ื’ ืึท ื•ื•ืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก ื ื™ืฆืŸ TimeperiodsR

ืฆื• ืคื™ืœื˜ืขืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก ืื™ืŸ timeperiodsR ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื–:

  • %left_out% - ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ืคึผืจ ืงืœืึทืก ืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ, ืื•ืŸ ืงืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ืงืก ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืขืœื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ.
  • %left_in% - ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ tpr ืงืœืึทืก, ืื•ืŸ ืงืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ืงืก ื›ื™ื™ืคืขืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ.
  • %right_out% - ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ืคึผืจ ืงืœืึทืก ืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ, ืื•ืŸ ืงืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืขืœื ื“ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ืงืก ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ.
  • %right_in% - ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ tpr ืงืœืึทืก, ืื•ืŸ ืงืขืจื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ ื›ื™ื™ืคืขืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ืงืก ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ.

period1 <- this_month("2019-11-07")
period2 <- previous_week("2019-11-07")

period1 %left_in% period2   # ะฟะพะปัƒั‡ะธั‚ัŒ ะดะฐั‚ั‹ ะธะท period1 ะบะพั‚ะพั€ั‹ะต ะฒั…ะพะดัั‚ ะฒ period2
period1 %left_out% period2  # ะฟะพะปัƒั‡ะธั‚ัŒ ะดะฐั‚ั‹ ะธะท period1 ะบะพั‚ะพั€ั‹ะต ะฝะต ะฒั…ะพะดัั‚ ะฒ period2
period1 %right_in% period2  # ะฟะพะปัƒั‡ะธั‚ัŒ ะดะฐั‚ั‹ ะธะท period2 ะบะพั‚ะพั€ั‹ะต ะฒั…ะพะดัั‚ ะฒ period1
period1 %right_out% period2 # ะฟะพะปัƒั‡ะธั‚ัŒ ะดะฐั‚ั‹ ะธะท period2 ะบะพั‚ะพั€ั‹ะต ะฝะต ะฒั…ะพะดัั‚ ะฒ period1

ื‘ื™ื™ึท ื“ื™ ืคึผืขืงืœ timeperiodsR ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื‘ืึทืึทืžื˜ืขืจ, ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ-ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ื™ืึธื•ื˜ื•ื‘ืข ืคึผืœื™ื™ึทืœื™ืกื˜.

ืกืึธืฃ

ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื˜ืึทืœ ื“ื™ ืงืœืืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ R ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก. ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ืึทืจื™ื˜ืžืขื˜ื™ืง ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืึทื˜ืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื“ื– ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืขืงืœ timeperiodsR.

ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ R ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš, ืื™ืš ืœืึทื“ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืึทื‘ืึธื ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืœืขื’ืจืึทื ืงืึทื ืึทืœ ืจ4 ืžืึทืจืงืขื˜ื™ื ื’, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืš ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื˜ืขื’ืœืขืš ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ R ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ืื™ืŸ ืกืึทืœื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื’ืœืขืš ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก.

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’