ืืื ืขืืืขืืข ืืขื ืฆืืจืืง, ืืื ืืึทืฉืืึธืกื ืฆื ืคืึทืจืงืขืจื ืื ืืฉืขื ืืจ ืื ืคืืจืืืืึทืจืข ืคืื โโืืืื ืจืึทืืืขืจ ื ืืฆื ืืื ืืืึทืืง.
ืืื ืืขืงืืืคื ืืื . ื ืื ืืขืจ ืืขืกืืขืจ ืจืึทืืืขืจ, ืึธืืขืจ ืืึทื ืฅ ืืขื ืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืืื ืืึทืจืฃ.
ืืขืืขืจ ืืึธื ืืื ืงืืืคื ืึท ื ืืึท ืจืึทืืืขืจ, ืืื ืื ืกืืึทืืืจื . ืฆื ืืืืก? ืืื ืึท ืืขืจืฉื, ืืึทื ืืึทืคืึทืงืืฉืขืจืขืจื ืืึธื ื ืื ืืึธืจืื ืคืื ืืืขืื ืฉืืืฆื ืืืืขืจ ืจืึธืืืขืจืก ืืื ืืื ืฆืืื ืื ืืืืืืืืืจื ืืืขืจื ืึทืืืืืืืื, ืืืึทืื ืขืจืึทืืืืืืื ืืขืจืฉืืึทื ืขื, ืืื ืึทืืื ืืืืฃ, ืืื ืึทืืืขืืืื, ืืืจ ืืึทืงืืืขื ืืขื ืืขืืึทื ืง. ืืขืจืืืขืจ, ืืื ืืขืกืขืจ ืืืขืื ืื OpenWRT ืคืืจืืืืึทืจืข, ืืืึธืก ืืื ืืขืืื ื ืืขืฉืืืฆื ืืืจื ืื ืึธืคึฟื-ืืงืืจ ืงืื.
ืืื ืืึธื ืืืื ืืึทืื ืืึธืืืื OpenWRT ืืื ืืขืจ ืืืื ื ืืึทืข Archer C7 ืคึฟืื ืืขืจ ืืึทืึทืืืขืจ ืืืขืืืืืื ืืื ืืึทืฉืืึธืกื ืฆื ืึทื ืึทืืืื ืขืก. ืจืืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฉืคึผืึทืก ืืื ืจืขืื ืืืขืื ืืื ืืืึทืืง.
ืืืึธืก ืืื ืืื ืืืึทืืง?
ืืื ืึทื ืึธืคึฟื ืืงืืจ ืืขืฆืืึทื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทื ืึทืืืกืืก, ืคืึทืจืงืขืจื ืื ืืฉืขื ืืขืจืืข ืืื ืคืืจืืืืึทืจืข ืืืื ืืงืกืืจืึทืงืฉืึทื.
ืืืฉืืคื ืืื 2010 ืืืจื Craig Heffner, binwalk ืงืขื ืขื ืืืขืจืงืืงื ืคืืจืืืืึทืจืข ืืืืืขืจ ืืื ืืขืคึฟืื ืขื ืืขืงืขืก, ืืืขื ืืืคืืฆืืจื ืืื ืขืงืกืืจืึทืงื ืืขืงืข ืกืืกืืขื ืืืืืขืจ, ืขืงืกืขืงืืืึทืืืข ืงืึธื, ืงืึทืืคึผืจืขืกื ืึทืจืงืืืืื, ืืึธืึธืืืึธืึทืืขืจืก ืืื ืงืขืจื ืึทืื, ืืขืงืข ืคึฟืึธืจืืึทืืืจืื ืืขื ืึทืืึท ืืื JPEG ืืื PDF, ืืื ืคืื ืืขืจ.
ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ื ืืฆื binwalk ืฆื ืคืึทืจืงืขืจื ืื ืืฉืขื ืืจ ืื ืคืืจืืืืึทืจืข ืฆื ืคึฟืึทืจืฉืืืื ืืื ืขืก ืึทืจืืขื. ืืืื ืืืื ืขืจื ืืขืงืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืืึทืื ืขืจืึทืืืืืืื, ืขืงืกืืจืึทืงื ืืขืงืขืก ืืื ืงืืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืึทืงืืึธืจื ืึธืืขืจ ืืืืืืึทื ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ. ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืืืื ืืขืคึฟืื ืขื opcodes ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืคึผืืึทืฅ ืคืื ืคืึทืจืฉืืืขื ืข ืงืคึผืืก.
ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืขืงืกืืจืึทืงื ืคืืืขืกืืกืืขื ืืืืืขืจ ืฆื ืืืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืคึผืขืฆืืคืืฉ ืคึผืึทืจืึธื ืืขืงืขืก (ืคึผืึทืกืกืืื, ืฉืึธืื, ืืื"ื ื) ืืื ืคึผืจืืืืจื ืฆื ืืจืขืื ืื ืคึผืึทืจืึธื ืืึทืฉืขืก. ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืืืจืืคืืจื ืืืื ืขืจื ืคึผืึทืจืกืื ื ืฆืืืืฉื ืฆืืืื ืึธืืขืจ ืืขืจ ืืขืงืขืก. ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืืืจืืคืืจื ืขื ืืจืึธืคึผื ืึทื ืึทืืืกืืก ืืืืฃ ืืึทืื ืฆื ืืืื ืงืึทืืคึผืจืขืกื ืืึทืื ืึธืืขืจ ืขื ืงืจืืคึผืืื ืฉืืืกืืขื. ืึทืืข ืืขื ืึธื ืื ื ืืื ืฆื ืึทืงืกืขืก ืื ืืงืืจ ืงืึธื.
ืืื ืึทืืืขืืืื, ืึทืืฅ ืืืจ ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืืื ืืึธืจื :)
ืืื ืึทืืื ืึทืจืืขื Binwalk?
ืื ืืืืคึผื ืฉืืจืื ืคืื ืืื ืืืึทืืง ืืื ืืืึทื ืืกืืืข ืกืงืึทื ืื ื. Binwalk ืงืขื ืขื ืืืขืจืงืืงื ืื ืคืืจืืืืึทืจืข ืืืื ืฆื ืืืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืึทืจืฉืืื ืืขืืืื-ืืื ืืขืงืข ืืืืคึผืก ืืื ืืขืงืข ืกืืกืืขืืขื.
ืฆื ืืืจ ืืืืกื ืื ืืึทืคึฟืขืื ืฉืืจื ื ืืฆื file?
file /bin/bash
/bin/bash: ELF 64-bit LSB shared object, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /lib64/l, for GNU/Linux 3.2.0, BuildID[sha1]=12f73d7a8e226c663034529c8dd20efec22dde54, strippedืงืึธืืขืงืืืื fileืงืืงื ืืื ืืขืจ ืืขืงืข ืืขืืขืจ ืืื ืงืืงื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืืกืืืข (ืืึทืืืฉ ื ืืืขืจ) ืฆื ืืึทืฉืืืกื ืื ืืขืงืข ืืืคึผ. ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืืึทืฉืคึผืื, ืืืื ืื ืืขืงืข ืืืืื ืืื ืื ืกืืงืืืึทื ืก ืคืื ืืืืขืก 0x89 0x50 0x4E 0x47 0x0D 0x0A 0x1A 0x0A, ืขืก ืืืืืกื ืึทื ืขืก ืืื ืึท PNG ืืขืงืข. ืืืืฃ ืขืก ืืื ืึท ืจืฉืืื ืคืื ืคึผืจืึธืกื ืืขืงืข ืกืืื ืึทืืฉืขืจื.
Binwalk ืึทืจืืขื ืื ืืขืืืข ืืืขื. ืึธืืขืจ ืึทื ืฉืืึธื ืฆื ืืืื ืกืืื ืึทืืฉืขืจื ืืืืื ืืื ืื ืึธื ืืืื ืคืื ืืขืจ ืืขืงืข, ืืื ืืืึทืืง ืืืขื ืืืขืจืงืืงื ืื ืืื ืฆืข ืืขืงืข. ืึทืืืืืืึธื ืึทืืื, binwalk ืงืขื ืขื ืขืงืกืืจืึทืงื ืืขืงืขืก ืืขืคึฟืื ืขื ืืื ืื ืืืื.
ืืืฉืืจืื file ะธ binwalk ื ืืฆื ืื ืืืืืืึธืืขืง libmagic ืฆื ืืืขื ืืืคืืฆืืจื ืืขืงืข ืกืืื ืึทืืฉืขืจื. ืืืขืจ binwalk ืึทืืืฉื ืึทืื ืฉืืืฆื ืึท ืจืฉืืื ืคืื ืื ืื ืืึทืืืฉ ืกืืื ืึทืืฉืขืจื ืฆื ืืืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึทืืคึผืจืขืกื / ืืืคึผื ืืขืงืขืก, ืคืืจืืืืึทืจืข ืืขืืขืจื, ืืื ืืงืก ืงืขืจื ืึทืื, ืืึธืึธืืืึธืึทืืขืจืก, ืคืืืขืกืืกืืขืืก ืืื ืึทืืื ืืืืฃ.
ืืื ืก ืืึธืื ืขืืืขืืข ืฉืคึผืึทืก?
Binwalk ืื ืกืืึทืืืจืื ื
Binwalk ืืื ืืขืฉืืืฆื ืืืืฃ ืงืืืคื ืคึผืืึทืืคืึธืจืืก ืึทืจืืึทื ืืขืจืขืื ื ืืื ืืงืก, OSX, FreeBSD ืืื Windows.
ืฆื ืื ืกืืึทืืืจื ืื ืืขืฆืืข ืืืขืจืกืืข ืคืื โโโโbinwalk ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืืื ืืื ืึธืืขืจ , ืื ืืืฆื ืืืืฃ ืื ืคึผืจืืืขืงื ืืืขืืืืืื.
Binwalk ืืื ืคืืืข ืคืึทืจืฉืืืขื ืข ืคึผืึทืจืึทืืขืืขืจืก:
$ binwalk
Binwalk v2.2.0
Craig Heffner, ReFirmLabs
https://github.com/ReFirmLabs/binwalk
Usage: binwalk [OPTIONS] [FILE1] [FILE2] [FILE3] ...
Signature Scan Options:
-B, --signature Scan target file(s) for common file signatures
-R, --raw=<str> Scan target file(s) for the specified sequence of bytes
-A, --opcodes Scan target file(s) for common executable opcode signatures
-m, --magic=<file> Specify a custom magic file to use
-b, --dumb Disable smart signature keywords
-I, --invalid Show results marked as invalid
-x, --exclude=<str> Exclude results that match <str>
-y, --include=<str> Only show results that match <str>
Extraction Options:
-e, --extract Automatically extract known file types
-D, --dd=<type:ext:cmd> Extract <type> signatures, give the files an extension of <ext>, and execute <cmd>
-M, --matryoshka Recursively scan extracted files
-d, --depth=<int> Limit matryoshka recursion depth (default: 8 levels deep)
-C, --directory=<str> Extract files/folders to a custom directory (default: current working directory)
-j, --size=<int> Limit the size of each extracted file
-n, --count=<int> Limit the number of extracted files
-r, --rm Delete carved files after extraction
-z, --carve Carve data from files, but don't execute extraction utilities
-V, --subdirs Extract into sub-directories named by the offset
Entropy Options:
-E, --entropy Calculate file entropy
-F, --fast Use faster, but less detailed, entropy analysis
-J, --save Save plot as a PNG
-Q, --nlegend Omit the legend from the entropy plot graph
-N, --nplot Do not generate an entropy plot graph
-H, --high=<float> Set the rising edge entropy trigger threshold (default: 0.95)
-L, --low=<float> Set the falling edge entropy trigger threshold (default: 0.85)
Binary Diffing Options:
-W, --hexdump Perform a hexdump / diff of a file or files
-G, --green Only show lines containing bytes that are the same among all files
-i, --red Only show lines containing bytes that are different among all files
-U, --blue Only show lines containing bytes that are different among some files
-u, --similar Only display lines that are the same between all files
-w, --terse Diff all files, but only display a hex dump of the first file
Raw Compression Options:
-X, --deflate Scan for raw deflate compression streams
-Z, --lzma Scan for raw LZMA compression streams
-P, --partial Perform a superficial, but faster, scan
-S, --stop Stop after the first result
General Options:
-l, --length=<int> Number of bytes to scan
-o, --offset=<int> Start scan at this file offset
-O, --base=<int> Add a base address to all printed offsets
-K, --block=<int> Set file block size
-g, --swap=<int> Reverse every n bytes before scanning
-f, --log=<file> Log results to file
-c, --csv Log results to file in CSV format
-t, --term Format output to fit the terminal window
-q, --quiet Suppress output to stdout
-v, --verbose Enable verbose output
-h, --help Show help output
-a, --finclude=<str> Only scan files whose names match this regex
-p, --fexclude=<str> Do not scan files whose names match this regex
-s, --status=<int> Enable the status server on the specified portืืืื ืกืงืึทื ืื ื
ืืึธืืืจ ืึธื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืขืงืข ืกืืื ืึทืืฉืขืจื ืืื ืื ืืืื (ืืืื ืคืื ืืขื ืคึผืืึทืฅ ).
ืคืืืกื ืืืง ืืื ืืืึทืืง ืืื ืื --ืกืืื ืึทืืืจืข ืคึผืึทืจืึทืืขืืขืจ:
$ binwalk --signature --term archer-c7.bin
DECIMAL HEXADECIMAL DESCRIPTION
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21876 0x5574 U-Boot version string, "U-Boot 1.1.4-g4480d5f9-dirty (May
20 2019 - 18:45:16)"
21940 0x55B4 CRC32 polynomial table, big endian
23232 0x5AC0 uImage header, header size: 64 bytes, header CRC:
0x386C2BD5, created: 2019-05-20 10:45:17, image size:
41162 bytes, Data Address: 0x80010000, Entry Point:
0x80010000, data CRC: 0xC9CD1E38, OS: Linux, CPU: MIPS,
image type: Firmware Image, compression type: lzma, image
name: "u-boot image"
23296 0x5B00 LZMA compressed data, properties: 0x5D, dictionary size:
8388608 bytes, uncompressed size: 97476 bytes
64968 0xFDC8 XML document, version: "1.0"
78448 0x13270 uImage header, header size: 64 bytes, header CRC:
0x78A267FF, created: 2019-07-26 07:46:14, image size:
1088500 bytes, Data Address: 0x80060000, Entry Point:
0x80060000, data CRC: 0xBB9D4F94, OS: Linux, CPU: MIPS,
image type: Multi-File Image, compression type: lzma,
image name: "MIPS OpenWrt Linux-3.3.8"
78520 0x132B8 LZMA compressed data, properties: 0x6D, dictionary size:
8388608 bytes, uncompressed size: 3164228 bytes
1167013 0x11CEA5 Squashfs filesystem, little endian, version 4.0,
compression:xz, size: 14388306 bytes, 2541 inodes,
blocksize: 65536 bytes, created: 2019-07-26 07:51:38
15555328 0xED5B00 gzip compressed data, from Unix, last modified: 2019-07-26
07:51:41ืืืฆื ืืืจ ืืึธืื ืึท ืคึผืืึทืฅ ืคืื ืืื ืคึฟืึธืจืืึทืฆืืข ืืืขืื ืืขื ืืืื.
ืืืื ื ืืฆื ืืื ืึท ืืึธืึธืืืึธืึทืืขืจ (ืืืื ืืขืืขืจ ืืื 0x5AC0 ืืื ืึท ืงืึทืืคึผืจืขืกื ืืึธืึธืืืึธืึทืืขืจ ืืืื ืืื 0x5B00). ืืึทืืืจื ืืืืฃ ืื uImage ืืขืืขืจ ืืื 0x13270, ืืืจ ืืืืกื ืึทื ืื ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจ ืึทืจืงืึทืืขืงืืฉืขืจ ืืื MIPS ืืื ืื ืืื ืืงืก ืงืขืจื ืืื ืืืขืจืกืืข 3.3.8. ืืื ืืืืืจื ืืืืฃ ืื ืืืื ืืขืคืื ืขื ืืื ืื ืึทืืจืขืก 0x11CEA5, ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืืขื ืึทื rootfs ืืื ืึท ืืขืงืข ืกืืกืืขื squashfs.
ืืึธืืืจ ืืืฆื ืขืงืกืืจืึทืงื ืื ืืึธืึธืืืึธืึทืืขืจ (U-Boot) ื ืืฆื ืื ืืึทืคึฟืขื dd:
$ dd if=archer-c7.bin of=u-boot.bin.lzma bs=1 skip=23296 count=41162
41162+0 records in
41162+0 records out
41162 bytes (41 kB, 40 KiB) copied, 0,0939608 s, 438 kB/sืืื ื ืื ืืืื ืืื ืงืึทืืคึผืจืขืกื ืืื LZMA, ืืืจ ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืฆื ืืขืงืึธืืคึผืจืขืกืก ืขืก:
$ unlzma u-boot.bin.lzmaืืืฆื ืืืจ ืืึธืื ืึท U-Boot ืืืื:
$ ls -l u-boot.bin
-rw-rw-r-- 1 sprado sprado 97476 Fev 5 08:48 u-boot.binืืื ืืืขืื ืืขืจืืืืื ื ืื ืคืขืืืงืืึทื ืืืขืจื ืคึฟืึทืจ bootargs?
$ strings u-boot.bin | grep bootargs
bootargs
bootargs=console=ttyS0,115200 board=AP152 rootfstype=squashfs init=/etc/preinit mtdparts=spi0.0:128k(factory-uboot),192k(u-boot),64k(ART),1536k(uImage),14464k@0x1e0000(rootfs) mem=128Mื-ืืึธืึธื ืกืืืืืืข ืืืึทืจืืึทืืืข bootargs ืืขืืืืื ื ืฆื ืคืึธืจื ืคึผืึทืจืึทืืขืืขืจืก ืฆื ืื ืืื ืืงืก ืงืขืจื. ืืื ืคืื ืื ืืืืื, ืืืจ ืืึธืื ืึท ืืขืกืขืจ ืคืืจืฉืืื ื ืคืื ืื ืืืืฅ ืืึผืจืื ืคืื ืื ืืืื.
ืืื ืืืขืื ืืงืกืืจืึทืงืืื ื ืื ืืื ืืงืก ืงืขืจื ืืืื?
$ dd if=archer-c7.bin of=uImage bs=1 skip=78448 count=1088572
1088572+0 records in
1088572+0 records out
1088572 bytes (1,1 MB, 1,0 MiB) copied, 1,68628 s, 646 kB/sืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืงืึธื ืืจืึธืืืจื ืึทื ืื ืืืื ืืื ืืงืกืืจืึทืงืืื ืืฆืืื ืืื ืืขื ืืึทืคึฟืขื file:
$ file uImage
uImage: u-boot legacy uImage, MIPS OpenWrt Linux-3.3.8, Linux/MIPS, Multi-File Image (lzma), 1088500 bytes, Fri Jul 26 07:46:14 2019, Load Address: 0x80060000, Entry Point: 0x80060000, Header CRC: 0x78A267FF, Data CRC: 0xBB9D4F94ืื uImage ืืขืงืข ืคึฟืึธืจืืึทื ืืื ืืืืกืืงืื ืึท ืืื ืืงืก ืงืขืจื ืืืื ืืื ืึทื ื ืึธื ืืขืืขืจ. ืืื ืก ืึทืจืึธืคึผื ืขืืขื ืืขื ืืขืืขืจ ืฆื ืืึทืงืืืขื ืื ืืขืฆื ืืื ืืงืก ืงืขืจื ืืืื:
$ dd if=uImage of=Image.lzma bs=1 skip=72
1088500+0 records in
1088500+0 records out
1088500 bytes (1,1 MB, 1,0 MiB) copied, 1,65603 s, 657 kB/sืืขืจ ืืืื ืืื ืงืึทืืคึผืจืขืกื, ืึทืืื ืืึธืื ืืื ืื ืึทื ืคึผืึทืง ืขืก:
$ unlzma Image.lzmaืืืฆื ืืืจ ืืึธืื ืึท ืืื ืืงืก ืงืขืจื ืืืื:
$ ls -la Image
-rw-rw-r-- 1 sprado sprado 3164228 Fev 5 10:51 Imageืืืึธืก ืงืขื ืขื ืืืจ ืืึธื ืืื ืื ืงืขืจื ืืืื? ืืืจ ืงืขื, ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืืึทืฉืคึผืื, ืืึธื ืึท ืฉืืจืืงื ืืืื ืืื ืื ืืืื ืืื ืืขืคึฟืื ืขื ืื ืืืขืจืกืืข ืคืื โโโโืื ืืื ืืงืก ืงืขืจื ืืื ืืขืจื ืขื ืืืขืื ืื ืกืืืืืืข ืืขื ืืฆื ืฆื ืืืืขื ืืขื ืงืขืจื:
$ strings Image | grep "Linux version"
Linux version 3.3.8 (leo@leo-MS-7529) (gcc version 4.6.3 20120201 (prerelease) (Linaro GCC 4.6-2012.02) ) #1 Mon May 20 18:53:02 CST 2019ืืึธืืฉ ืื ืคืืจืืืืึทืจืข ืืื ืืืคืจืืื ืืขืฆืืข ืืึธืจ (2019), ืืืขื ืืื ืฉืจืืึทืื ืืขื ืึทืจืืืงื ืขืก ืืื ื ืืฆื ืึทื ืึทืื ืืืขืจืกืืข ืคืื โโโโืื ืืื ืืงืก ืงืขืจื (3.3.8) ืืืคืจืืื ืืื 2012, ืงืึทืืคึผืืืื ืืื ืึท ืืืืขืจ ืึทืื ืืืขืจืกืืข ืคืื โโโโGCC (4.6) ืืืื ืืื ื 2012 !
(ืืขืขืจืขื ืืืืขืจืืขืฆืื ื ืืึธื ืืืจ ื ืึธื ืฆืืืจืื ืืืื ืจืึธืืืขืจืก ืืื ืื ืึธืคืืก ืืื ืืื ืฉืืื?)
ืืื ืึธืคึผืฆืืข --opcodes ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืืืื ื ืืฆื Binwalk ืฆื ืืืื ืืึทืฉืื ืื ืกืืจืึทืงืฉืึทื ื ืืื ืืึทืฉืืืืขื ืื ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจ ืึทืจืงืึทืืขืงืืฉืขืจ ืคืื ืื ืืืื:
$ binwalk --opcodes Image
DECIMAL HEXADECIMAL DESCRIPTION
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2400 0x960 MIPS instructions, function epilogue
2572 0xA0C MIPS instructions, function epilogue
2828 0xB0C MIPS instructions, function epilogueืืืึธืก ืืืขืื ืื ืืืึธืจืฆื ืืขืงืข ืกืืกืืขื? ืึทื ืฉืืึธื ืคืื ืืงืกืืจืึทืงืืื ื ืื ืืืื ืืึทื ืืืึทืื, ืืึธืื ืืื ืื ื ืืฆื ืื ืึธืคึผืฆืืข binwalk --extract:
$ binwalk --extract --quiet archer-c7.binืื ืืึทื ืฅ ืืืึธืจืฆื ืคืืืขืกืืกืืขื ืืืขื ืืืื ืืงืกืืจืึทืงืืื ืฆื ืึท ืกืืืืืจืขืงืืึธืจื:
$ cd _archer-c7.bin.extracted/squashfs-root/
$ ls
bin dev etc lib mnt overlay proc rom root sbin sys tmp usr var www
$ cat etc/banner
MM NM MMMMMMM M M
$MMMMM MMMMM MMMMMMMMMMM MMM MMM
MMMMMMMM MM MMMMM. MMMMM:MMMMMM: MMMM MMMMM
MMMM= MMMMMM MMM MMMM MMMMM MMMM MMMMMM MMMM MMMMM'
MMMM= MMMMM MMMM MM MMMMM MMMM MMMM MMMMNMMMMM
MMMM= MMMM MMMMM MMMMM MMMM MMMM MMMMMMMM
MMMM= MMMM MMMMMM MMMMM MMMM MMMM MMMMMMMMM
MMMM= MMMM MMMMM, NMMMMMMMM MMMM MMMM MMMMMMMMMMM
MMMM= MMMM MMMMMM MMMMMMMM MMMM MMMM MMMM MMMMMM
MMMM= MMMM MM MMMM MMMM MMMM MMMM MMMM MMMM
MMMM$ ,MMMMM MMMMM MMMM MMM MMMM MMMMM MMMM MMMM
MMMMMMM: MMMMMMM M MMMMMMMMMMMM MMMMMMM MMMMMMM
MMMMMM MMMMN M MMMMMMMMM MMMM MMMM
MMMM M MMMMMMM M M
M
---------------------------------------------------------------
For those about to rock... (%C, %R)
---------------------------------------------------------------ืืืฆื ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืืึธื ืึท ืคึผืืึทืฅ ืคืื ืคืึทืจืฉืืืขื ืข ืืืื.
ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืืืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึทื ืคืืืืขืจืืืฉืึทื ืืขืงืขืก, ืคึผืึทืจืึธื ืืึทืฉืขืก, ืงืจืืคึผืืึธืืจืึทืคืืง ืฉืืืกืืขื ืืื ืืืืืืึทื ืกืขืจืืืคืืงืึทืฅ. ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืคืื ืึทื ืืขืจืงืืืึทืื ืืืื ืขืจื ืืขืงืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืื ืืืึทืื ืขืจืึทืืืืืืื.
ื ืืฆื ะธ ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืืคืืื ืืืืคื (ืขืืืืืจื) ืึท ืขืงืกืขืงืืืึทืืืข ืคึฟืื ืื ืืืื:
$ ls
bin dev etc lib mnt overlay proc rom root sbin sys tmp usr var www
$ cp /usr/bin/qemu-mips-static .
$ sudo chroot . ./qemu-mips-static bin/busybox
BusyBox v1.19.4 (2019-05-20 18:13:49 CST) multi-call binary.
Copyright (C) 1998-2011 Erik Andersen, Rob Landley, Denys Vlasenko
and others. Licensed under GPLv2.
See source distribution for full notice.
Usage: busybox [function] [arguments]...
or: busybox --list[-full]
or: function [arguments]...
BusyBox is a multi-call binary that combines many common Unix
utilities into a single executable. Most people will create a
link to busybox for each function they wish to use and BusyBox
will act like whatever it was invoked as.
Currently defined functions:
[, [[, addgroup, adduser, arping, ash, awk, basename, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, clear, cmp, cp, crond, crontab, cut, date, dd, delgroup, deluser, dirname, dmesg, echo, egrep, env, expr, false,
fgrep, find, free, fsync, grep, gunzip, gzip, halt, head, hexdump, hostid, id, ifconfig, init, insmod, kill, killall, klogd, ln, lock, logger, ls, lsmod, mac_addr, md5sum, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod, mktemp,
mount, mv, nice, passwd, pgrep, pidof, ping, ping6, pivot_root, poweroff, printf, ps, pwd, readlink, reboot, reset, rm, rmdir, rmmod, route, sed, seq, sh, sleep, sort, start-stop-daemon, strings,
switch_root, sync, sysctl, tail, tar, tee, telnet, test, tftp, time, top, touch, tr, traceroute, true, udhcpc, umount, uname, uniq, uptime, vconfig, vi, watchdog, wc, wget, which, xargs, yes, zcatืืจืืืก! ืึธืืขืจ ืืืืข ืืึธื ืึทื BusyBox ืืืขืจืกืืข ืืื 1.19.4. ืืึธืก ืืื ืึท ืืืืขืจ ืึทืื ืืืขืจืกืืข ืคืื โโBusyBox, ืืืคืจืืื ืืื ืืคืจืื 2012.
ืึทืืื TP-Link ืจืืืืกืื ืึท ืคืืจืืืืึทืจืข ืืืื ืืื 2019 ื ืืฆื ืืืืืืืืืจื (GCC ืืืฉืืจืื, ืงืขืจื, BusyBox, ืขืืง.) ืคึฟืื 2012!
ืืืฆื ืืึธื ืืืจ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉืืืื ืืืึธืก ืืื ืฉืืขื ืืืง ืื ืกืืึทืืืจื OpenWRT ืืืืฃ ืืืื ืจืึธืืืขืจืก?
ืึทื ืก 'ื ืืฉื ืึทืืข
ืืื ืืืึทืืง ืงืขื ืขื ืืืื ืืืจืืคืืจื ืขื ืืจืึธืคึผื ืึทื ืึทืืืกืืก, ืืจืืงื ืจืื ืขื ืืจืึธืคึผื ืืึทืื ืืื ืืืฉืขื ืขืจืืื ืขื ืืจืึธืคึผื ืืจืึทืคืก. ืืืคึผืืงืึทืืื, ืืจืขืกืขืจ ืขื ืืจืึธืคึผื ืืื ืืืืขืจืงื ืืืขื ืื ืืืืขืก ืืื ืื ืืืื ืืขื ืขื ืืจืึทืค. ืืึธืก ืงืขื ืืืื ืขื ืึทื ืื ืืืื ืึผืืื ืึท ืื ืงืจืืคึผืืื, ืงืึทืืคึผืจืขืกื ืึธืืขืจ ืึทืืคืืกืงืืืืื ืืขืงืข. ืืึทืจืืงืึธืจ ืขื ืงืจืืคึผืฉืึทื ืฉืืืกื? ืคืืจืืืืก ื ืืฉื.
ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืืืื ื ืืฆื ืืขื ืคึผืึทืจืึทืืขืืขืจ --raw ืฆื ืืขืคึฟืื ืขื ืึท ืื ืื ืจืื ืืืื ืกืืงืืืึทื ืก ืืื ืึท ืืืื ืึธืืขืจ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืืขืืขืจ --hexdump ืฆื ืืืจืืคืืจื ืึท ืืขืงืก ืืึทืืคึผ ืงืึทืืคึผืขืจืื ื ืฆืืืื ืึธืืขืจ ืืขืจ ืึทืจืืึทื ืฉืจืืึทื ืืขืงืขืก.
ืงืขื ืขื ืืืื ืืืกืืฃ ืฆื ืืื ืืืึทืืง ืึธืืขืจ ืืืจื ืึท ืื ืื ืืกืืืข ืืขืงืข ืกืคึผืขืกืืคืืขื ืืืืฃ ืื ืืึทืคึฟืขื ืฉืืจื ื ืืฆื ืืขื ืคึผืึทืจืึทืืขืืขืจ --magic, ืึธืืขืจ ืืืจื ืึทืืื ื ืืื ืฆื ืื ืืืขืืืืืึทืืขืจ $ HOME / .config / binwalk / magic.
ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืืขืคึฟืื ืขื ืืขืจ ืืื ืคึฟืึธืจืืึทืฆืืข ืืืขืื ืืื ืืืึทืืง ืืื .
ืืื ืืืึทืืง ืืขืฉืคึผืจืืื
ืืึธืจื binwalk, ืืืคึผืืึทืืขื ืึทื ืืื ืึท ืคึผืืืืึธื ืืึธืืืืข ืืืึธืก ืงืขื ืขื ืืืขืจื ืืขื ืืฆื ืืืจื ืงืืื ืคึผืืืืึธื ืฉืจืืคื ืฆื ืคึผืจืึธืืจืึทืืืึทืืืงืึทืืื ืืืจืืคืืจื ืึท binwalk ืืืขืจืงืืงื, ืืื ืื binwalk ืืึทืคึฟืขืื ืฉืืจื ื ืืฆื ืงืขื ืขื ืืืื ืึผืืขื ืืึธืจ ืืืคึผืืืงืืืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืฆืืืื ืฉืืจืืช ืคืื ืคึผืืืืึธื ืงืึธื!
import binwalk
binwalk.scan()ื ืืฆื ืื Python API ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืืืื ืฉืึทืคึฟื ืฆื ืงืึทื ืคืืืืขืจ ืืื ืืงืกืคึผืึทื ื ืืื ืืืึทืืง.
ืขืก ืืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืึธืืงื ืืืขืจืกืืข .
ืึทืืื ืคืืจืืืืก ืืึธื ื ืื ืืจืืคืงืืคืืข ืื ืคืืจืืืืึทืจืข ืืืื ืคืื ืื ืืื ืืขืจื ืขื ืืื ืคึผืจืืืืจื Binwalk? ืืื ืฆืืืึธื ืืืจ ืืืขื ืืึธืื ืึท ืคึผืืึทืฅ ืคืื ืฉืคึผืึทืก :)
ืืงืืจ: www.habr.com