SGX ืžืึทืœื•ื•ืึทืจืข: ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœืึทื ื– ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื ื™ื™ึท ื™ื ื˜ืขืœ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืฆื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื“ืขื”

ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ื“ื™ ืงืึธื“ ืขืงืกืึทืงื™ื•ื˜ืึทื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื ืงืœืึทื•ื•ืข ืื™ื– ืขืžืขืก ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ืขื“ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™. ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืงืึทืœืœืก. ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ื™ / ืึธ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–. ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื–ืข ืึทื“ืจืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื“ ืึธืคึผืฉื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ. ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื–ืฉืžืคึผ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืจื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืงืึธื“. ืขืก ื”ืื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื“ืจืขืก ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจืขื’ื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฅ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ (ืœืžืฉืœ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืึทืคึผื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ). ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฆื• ืžืึทืคึผืข ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืก ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ื (ืœืžืฉืœ ื“ื•ืจืš /proc/pid/maps). ื ืึทื™ื•ื• ืคืจื•ื•ื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทืจื‘ื™ื˜ืจืึทืจื™ืฉ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ืคืจื•ื•ื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ, ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ (ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืžืกืชึผืžื ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข) ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฆื•ื•ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื ืงืœืึทื•ื•ืข ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื. ื“ืึธืก ื›ืึทืคึผืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืึทื“ืจืขืก ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืขื ืงืœืึทื•ื•ืข ืื™ื– ื™ื ืึทืงืกืขืกืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ.

ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ื”ืึทืจื‘ ืจื™ืึทืœืึทื˜ื™ื–, ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ SGX ืขื ืงืœืึทื•ื•ืขืก ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืข ื’ืึธื•ืœื–?

- ื›ืึทืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื‘ื™ื ื’ ืึทื“ืจืขืกืขืก ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื–ื™ื™ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ
- ื›ืึทืง ืฆื• ื–ืึธื ื“ ืึทื“ืจืขืกืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืจื™ื™ื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™
- ื›ืึทืง ืฆื• ืจื™ื“ืขืจืขืงื˜ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ
- ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื™ึท ื›ืึทืงืก ืœื™ืกื˜ืขื“ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึธืฉืข?
- ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืจืึธืฉืข ื ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื™ ื›ืึทืงืก ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืจืึทื ื–ืึธื•ื•ืึทืจื™

SGX ืžืึทืœื•ื•ืึทืจืข: ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœืึทื ื– ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื ื™ื™ึท ื™ื ื˜ืขืœ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืฆื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื“ืขื”

ื‘ืึทื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทื– ืึท ืขื ืงืœืึทื•ื•ืข ืื™ื– ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื˜ื•ื™ื’ืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ืฆื• ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืขื ืงืœืึทื•ื•ืข ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืื˜ื™ื•ื•, ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืข. ื“ืขื ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืึทื– ื™ื ืงืœืึทื•ื•ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืก. ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืกื˜ื™ ื”ืึทืฉืึธืจืข ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื•ืึธืก SGX ืฉื•ืฅ ืื™ื– ืึทืกื™ืžืžืขื˜ืจื™ืง: ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืงืึธื“ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืงืกืขืก ืขื ืงืœืึทื•ื•ืข ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ, ื‘ืฉืขืช ืขื ืงืœืึทื•ื•ืข ืงืึธื“ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืึทื“ืจืขืก.

ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืข ืขื ืงืœืึทื•ื•ืข ืงืึธื“ ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ื™ื˜ืจืึทืจื™ืฉ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืงืึทืœืœืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ื™ื›ืึทืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ื•ื™ืกืคื™ืจืŸ ืึทืจื‘ื™ื˜ืจืึทืจื™ืฉ ืงืึธื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ืึทืฃ, ื™ื‘ืขืจืงื•ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืก ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืึทื‘ื™ื•ื–ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ROP ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขืก, ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ืึธื ื›ืึทืคึผืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืขืœื˜ ืžืึธื“ืข. ืขืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื’ืึทื ื•ื•ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืขืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืึทืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ืึทืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ. ืœืžืฉืœ, ืฉื™ืงืŸ ืคื™ืฉื™ื ื’ ื™ืžื™ื™ืœื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ืึทืฃ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึธื ืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื ืคืืœืŸ. ืึธืŸ ืžื•ืจื ืคื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ืคึผืจืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืžื–, ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ืึธื ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืงืึทื ืึทืจื™ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืึทื“ืจืขืก ืกืึทื ื™ื˜ื™ื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ.

ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื›ืึทืงืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทื˜ืึทืงืขืจื– ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื“ื™ืกืงืจื™ื™ื‘ื“ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ SGX ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืข ืฆื•ื•ืขืงืŸ: ROP ืื ืคืืœืŸ. ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฆื• ื•ื™ืกืคื™ืจืŸ ืึทืจื‘ื™ื˜ืจืึทืจื™ืฉ ืงืึธื“ ื“ื™ืกื’ื™ื™ื–ื“ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก (ืขื ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ื›ืึธืœืึธื•ื™ื ื’, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึธืคื˜ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืžืึทืœื•ื•ืึทืจืข), ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืึท ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ืง ืžืึทืœื•ื•ืึทืจืข (ืฆื• ืจืึทื˜ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึทืœื•ื•ืึทืจืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืคึฟืึทืจืคึฟืึธืœื’ื•ื ื’ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึทื ื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืžื–).

ื›ืึทืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื‘ื™ื ื’ ืึทื“ืจืขืกืขืก ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื–ื™ื™ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ

ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืขื ืงืœืึทื•ื•ืข ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจื™ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืึทื“ืจืขืก ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืขื ืงืœืึทื•ื•ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฆื•ื•ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ื™ื ืึทืงืกืขืกืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืึทื“ืจืขืก, ื“ืขืจ ืึทื˜ืึทืงืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคื™ื™ืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื• ืฉื•ืœื“. ื˜ืึธืœืขืจืึทื ื˜ืœื™ ื™ื‘ืขืจืงื•ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื“ืจืขืก ืคึผืœืึทืฅ. ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื• ืžืึทืคึผืข ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜. ื“ืขืจ ืจืึธืฉืข ืกืึทืœื•ื•ื– ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ื“ื•ืจืš ืžื™ืกื™ื•ื–ื™ื ื’ Intel's TSX ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข. ื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื™ืคืขืงืฅ ืคื•ืŸ TSX: ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ืึทืงืกืขืก ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท TSX ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ, ื“ื™ ื•ื™ืกื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืงืกืขืก ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืงืจื™ืคึผืœื˜ ืึทื“ืจืขืกืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืกืึทืคึผืจืขืกื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš TSX ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืึท ืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืึทืงืกืขืก ืึท ืคืึทืจืงืจื™ืคึผืœื˜ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืึทื“ืจืขืก, ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ืึทื‘ืึธืจื˜ื™ื“, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืขื ืงืœืึทื•ื•ืข ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื. ืึทื–. TSX ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืึทืŸ ืขื ืงืœืึทื•ื•ืข ืฆื• ืกื™ืงื™ื•ืจืœื™ ืึทืงืกืขืก ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื“ืจืขืก ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ - ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื–ื™ืงื™ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึทื ื‘ืจืึธืš.

ืฆื™ ื“ื™ ืกืคึผืขืกืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ืึทื“ืจืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ื“ื™ TSX ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืึธืคื˜ ื’ืขืจืึธื˜ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ ืงืึทืกืขืก, ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื™ื ืคืœื•ืึทื ืกื™ื– ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืคึผืฅ (ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ืกืงืขื“ื–ืฉื•ืœืขืจ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืคึผืฅ), ืงืึทืฉ ื™ื•ื•ื™ืงืฉืึทื ื– ืึธื“ืขืจ ืกื™ื™ืžืึทืœื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ืึทืก ืžืึธื“ื™ืคื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืึธืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืงื™ื™ืคืœ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืึทื–. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ ืงืึทืกืขืก, ื“ื™ TSX ืงืขืจื˜ ืึท ื˜ืขื•ืช ืงืึธื“ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ื ื“ื™ืงื™ื™ืฅ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคืึทืœ ืื™ื– ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœื™ืง. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืกืขืก, ืื™ืจ ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืจื™ืกื˜ืึทืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ.

ืฆื™ ื“ื™ ืกืคึผืขืกืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ืึทื“ืจืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, TSX ืกืึทืคึผืจืขืกื™ื– ื“ื™ ื•ื™ืกื ืขื ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ (ื“ื™ ืึทืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธื•ื˜ืึทืคื™ื™ื“) ืื•ืŸ ืึทื‘ืึธืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืกืข. ืึท ื˜ืขื•ืช ืงืึธื“ ืื™ื– ืื•ืžื’ืขืงืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืขื ืงืœืึทื•ื•ืข ืงืึธื“ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืึทื– ืขืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืจืขืึทื’ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ืงืึทื ืกืึทืœื“. ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื•ืช ืงืึธื•ื“ื– ืึธื ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืึทื“ืจืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืงืฉื™ื ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ.

SGX ืžืึทืœื•ื•ืึทืจืข: ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœืึทื ื– ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื ื™ื™ึท ื™ื ื˜ืขืœ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืฆื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื“ืขื”

SGX ืžืึทืœื•ื•ืึทืจืข: ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœืึทื ื– ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื ื™ื™ึท ื™ื ื˜ืขืœ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืฆื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื“ืขื”

ื“ื™ ืžืึทื ื™ืคึผื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ TSX ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื ืงืœืึทื•ื•ืข ื”ืื˜ ืึท ืคื™ื™ึทืŸ ืฉื˜ืจื™ืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืจืึธืฉืข: ื–ื™ื ื˜ ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ื™ื™ึทื–ื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืงืึธื•ื ื˜ืขืจืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื ืงืœืึทื•ื•ืข ืงืึธื“ ืื™ื– ืขืงืกืึทืงื™ื•ื˜ืึทื“, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืฉืคึผื•ืจ TSX ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ืขืงืกืึทืงื™ื•ื˜ืึทื“ ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื ืงืœืึทื•ื•ืข. ืื–ื•ื™, ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืข ืžืึทื ื™ืคึผื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ TSX ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ื•ืžื–ืขื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื.

ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื›ืึทืง ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ื  ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืจื•ืคื˜, ืขืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื˜ืขืงื˜ืึทื“ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ืœืึทืงื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืจื•ืคื˜; ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ื•ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ ื’ื™ื˜ ืึท positive ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึทืžืฃ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื™ื™ ื’ื™ื™ืขื’.

ื“ืขืจ ืจืึธืฉืข ื ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื™ ื›ืึทืง ื“ื™ืกืงืจื™ื™ื‘ื“ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืงืึธื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื’ืึทื“ื’ืขืฅ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืึธืจืžื™ื ื’ ืึท ROP ืงื™ื™ื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ืขืจ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื™ืกืคืึธืจืฉืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืึทื“ืจืขืก. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื ื“ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื“ืจืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืึทื“ืจืขืก ืคึผืœืึทืฅ. ืคึผืจืึธื‘ื™ื ื’ ืึทืœืข 16 ื’ื™ื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ื ืขืžื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 45 ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ (ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืŸ Intel i7-6700K). ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜, ื“ืขืจ ืจืึธืฉืข ื‘ืืงื•ืžื˜ ืึท ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ืขืงืกืขืงื•ื˜ืึทื‘ืœืข ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึทื ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึท ROP ืงื™ื™ื˜.

ื›ืึทืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื‘ื™ื ื’ ืึทื“ืจืขืกืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืจื™ื™ื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™

ืฆื• ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขื ืงืœืึทื•ื•ืข ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ืึท ROP ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ, ืึท ืึทื˜ืึทืงืขืจ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึทื ื™ื•ื–ื“ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืึทื˜ืึทืงืขืจ ื ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ืœืึธื•ืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืฆื• ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ืฉืคึผืจื™ืฆืŸ ืึท ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ืœ ืกื˜ืึทืง ืจืึทื ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ืฉืคึผืจื™ืฆืŸ ืึท ืคึผื™ื™ืœืึธื•ื“ (ืฉืขืœืงืึธื“ืข). ื“ื™ ื“ื ืึธ ืฉื•ืจื” ืื™ื– ืึทื– ืึท ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืข ืขื ืงืœืึทื•ื•ืข ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ืึทืœืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืกื™ื•ื– ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึทืœืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ. ืื•ื™ื‘, ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ืขืจ ื’ืขืจืื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืงืึทืœืึทืคึผืกื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืขื ืงืœืึทื•ื•ืข.

ื“ืขืจ ืจืึธืฉืข ื˜ื•ื˜ ื“ืขื ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ TSX. ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืคืึทืœ, ืขืก ืคึผืจืึธื‘ื– ื“ื™ ืึทื“ืจืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึทืŸ ื˜ืฉืขืงืก ืฆื™ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึทื˜ ืงืึธืจืึทืกืคึผืึทื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืึทื“ืจืขืก ืื™ื– ืจื™ื™ื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ. ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก, ื ื•ืฆื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืจืึธืฉืข ื“ืขื ืคึฟืึธืœื’ื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื”ืึทืง: ืขืจ ืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืึท ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ ืคึฟื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ืึท TSX ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคืืจืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜, ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฆื•ื•ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืึทื‘ืึธืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ (ืขืงืกืคึผืœื™ืกื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืึทื‘ืึธืจื˜).

ื“ื•ืจืš ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงืขืจ ืงืึธื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท TSX ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ืึทื˜ืึทืงืขืจ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื™ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืจื™ื™ื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท "ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืึทื‘ืึธืจืฉืึทืŸ", ื“ืขืจ ืจืึธืฉืข ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืจืึธื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœืึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ, ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืขื ื“ืก ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื˜ืขื•ืช ื•ื•ื™ "ืขืงืกืคึผืœื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืึทื‘ืึธืจื˜".

SGX ืžืึทืœื•ื•ืึทืจืข: ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœืึทื ื– ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื ื™ื™ึท ื™ื ื˜ืขืœ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืฆื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื“ืขื”

ื“ื™ ืžืึทื ื™ืคึผื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ TSX ื”ืื˜ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืจื™ืš ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขื ืขื ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืจืึธืฉืข (ืึทื—ื•ืฅ ื“ื™ ื™ืžืคึผืึธืกื™ื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทืงื™ื ื’ ื“ื•ืจืš ื™ื™ึทื–ื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืงืึธื•ื ื˜ืขืจืก): ื–ื™ื ื˜ ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืงืึทืžืึทื ื“ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืจืึธื˜ืŸ, ืคืึธืจืกื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื™ื ืฉื•ืจื– ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื“ ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ืฆืขืœ ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึทื ื˜ืฉื™ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉื“.

ื›ืึทืง ืฆื• ืจื™ื“ืขืจืขืงื˜ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคึผืขืจืคืึธืจืžื™ื ื’ ืึท ROP ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืขื ืงืœืึทื•ื•ืข - ื ื™ื˜ ืขื ืœืขืš ื˜ืจืื“ื™ืฆื™ืื ืขืœืŸ ROP ืื ืคืืœืŸ - ื“ืขืจ ืึทื˜ืึทืงืขืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ RIP ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจืŸ ืึธืŸ ืขืงืกืคึผืœื•ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื’ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื (ื‘ืึทืคืขืจ ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจืคืœืึธื• ืึธื“ืขืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืึธืก). ืึท ืึทื˜ืึทืงืขืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจืจื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ RIP ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืจื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืึธื ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ, ืขืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื™ึทื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ROP ืงื™ื™ื˜.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ROP ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ืœืึทื ื’, ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืฉื˜ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืจื•ืคึผืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ืึธืคึผืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื. ื“ืข ืจ ืจืฉืข , ืฐืขืœื›ืข ืจ ื–ื•ื› ื˜ ืื•ื™ืืฆื•ืคื™ืจ ืŸ ื–ืฒ ืŸ ืื˜ื ืง ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ื , ืื™ ื– ื ื™ืฉ ื˜ ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ ืŸ ืžื™ ื˜ ื“ืข ืจ ื“ืื–ื™ืงืข ืจ ืžืฆื‘ . ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืขืก ืงืจื™ื™ื™ืฅ ืึท ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ืœ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœื™ืง ืึธื ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืจืึทื ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืจื– ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ROP ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืขืก. ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ืœ ืกื˜ืึทืง ืจืึทื ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจืึทืค - ืจื™ื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ืึธืจื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืึธื ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื‘ืขืฉืึธืœืขื.

SGX ืžืึทืœื•ื•ืึทืจืข: ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœืึทื ื– ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื ื™ื™ึท ื™ื ื˜ืขืœ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืฆื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื“ืขื”

ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื™ ื›ืึทืงืก ืœื™ืกื˜ืขื“ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึธืฉืข?

(1) ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืข ืขื ืงืœืึทื•ื•ืข ื“ื•ืจืš ื›ืึทืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื‘ื™ื ื’ ืึทื“ืจืขืกืขืก ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื–ื™ื™ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ, - ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทื‘ื™ื•ื–ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ROP ื’ืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืฅ.

SGX ืžืึทืœื•ื•ืึทืจืข: ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœืึทื ื– ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื ื™ื™ึท ื™ื ื˜ืขืœ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืฆื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื“ืขื”

(2) ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื“ื•ืจืš ื›ืึทืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื‘ื™ื ื’ ืึทื“ืจืขืกืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืจื™ื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™, - ืึท ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืข ืขื ืงืœืึทื•ื•ืข ื™ื™ื“ืขื ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉืขืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืคึผื™ื™ืœืึธื•ื“.

SGX ืžืึทืœื•ื•ืึทืจืข: ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœืึทื ื– ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื ื™ื™ึท ื™ื ื˜ืขืœ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืฆื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื“ืขื”

(3) ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืขื ืงืœืึทื•ื•ืข ืงืจื™ื™ื™ืฅ ืึท ROP ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืฅ ื“ื™ืกืงืึทื•ื•ืขืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื˜ (1) ืื•ืŸ ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืึธื ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ.

SGX ืžืึทืœื•ื•ืึทืจืข: ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœืึทื ื– ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื ื™ื™ึท ื™ื ื˜ืขืœ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืฆื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื“ืขื”

(4) ืฆื•ื ืกื•ืฃ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื™ื ืงืึทื•ื ื˜ืขืจื– ื“ื™ ROP ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืฉืจื™ื˜, ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืข ืคึผื™ื™ืœืึธื•ื“ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ - ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ื™ืœืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืจื•ืคื˜.

ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืึธืฉืข ื ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื™ ื›ืึทืงืก ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืจืึทื ื–ืึธื•ื•ืึทืจื™

ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคืขืจืก ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืขื ืงืœืึทื•ื•ืข ื“ื•ืจืš ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ECALLs (ืึธืŸ ืกืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜ื™ื“ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืขื ืงืœืึทื•ื•ืข ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืข), ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืข ืขื ืงืœืึทื•ื•ืข ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืจื™ื™ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉืขืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืงืึธื“ (ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ ืกืคึผื™ื™ืกืึทื– ื“ื™ ืกื™ืงื•ื•ืึทื ืกื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืกืขืœื–) ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืขืจืึธืก). ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื“ื•ืจืš ื›ืึทืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื‘ื™ื ื’ ืึทื“ืจืขืกืขืก ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื–ื™ื™ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ, - ื“ื™ ืขื ืงืœืึทื•ื•ืข ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขืงืกืขืงื•ื˜ืึทื‘ืœืข ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ืฅ ืึท ROP ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืจื™ื™ื™ืฅ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื˜ืขืงืข ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ "RANSOM" ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืขืจ (ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ, ื“ื™ ืขื ืงืœืึทื•ื• ื™ื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ ื™ื’ื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืขืก) ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืกืคึผืœื™ื™ื– ืึท ื•ื™ืกืœื™ื™ื–ื’ืขืœื˜ ืึธื ื–ืึธื’. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื ืึทื™ื•ื•ืœื™ ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืขื ืงืœืึทื•ื•ืข ืื™ื– ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืึทื“ื™ื ื’ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจืŸ. ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืงื•ืง ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธื“?

ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’, ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื‘ืึทืงืขื ืขืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžื ืขืžืึธื ื™ืงืก ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืš:

SGX ืžืึทืœื•ื•ืึทืจืข: ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœืึทื ื– ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื ื™ื™ึท ื™ื ื˜ืขืœ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืฆื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื“ืขื”

ืžื™ืจ ืจืึทื˜ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ RSP ืื•ืŸ RBP ืจืขื“ื–ืฉื™ืกื˜ืขืจื– ืื™ืŸ ืกื“ืจ ืฆื• ื•ืžืงืขืจืŸ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื ืึธืš ืขืงืกืึทืงื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืคึผื™ื™ืœืึธื•ื“:

SGX ืžืึทืœื•ื•ืึทืจืข: ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœืึทื ื– ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื ื™ื™ึท ื™ื ื˜ืขืœ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืฆื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื“ืขื”

ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืึธื ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืจืึทื (ื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ "ื›ืึทืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืจื™ื“ืขืจืขืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ").

ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ROP ื’ืึทื“ื’ืขืฅ:

SGX ืžืึทืœื•ื•ืึทืจืข: ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœืึทื ื– ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื ื™ื™ึท ื™ื ื˜ืขืœ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืฆื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื“ืขื”

ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืฆื• ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ืฉืคึผืจื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผื™ื™ืœืึธื•ื“:

SGX ืžืึทืœื•ื•ืึทืจืข: ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœืึทื ื– ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื ื™ื™ึท ื™ื ื˜ืขืœ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืฆื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื“ืขื”

ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืึท ROP ืงื™ื™ื˜:

SGX ืžืึทืœื•ื•ืึทืจืข: ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœืึทื ื– ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื ื™ื™ึท ื™ื ื˜ืขืœ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืฆื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื“ืขื”

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ Intel's SGX ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข, ื“ื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื“ ืฆื• ืึทื ื˜ืงืขื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืœื  ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืข ืžื’ื™ืœื”, ืื™ื– ืขืงืกืคึผืœื•ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื•ื•ื™ืœืึทื ื– ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจื˜ ืฆื™ืœืŸ.

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’