ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœืข ื˜ืคึผืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึธืงื˜ืฉื™ื™ืŸ?

ื ื‘ืึทืœื™ื‘ืกื˜ืข ืงืฉื™ื ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื˜-ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืฉ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– "ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœืข ื˜ืคึผืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึธืงื˜ืฉื™ื™ืŸ?" ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ื™ื•ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ ื”ืื˜ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืื’ืขื ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื”ืขืจืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜, ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืœื˜ ืฆื• ืคืจืขื’ืŸ "ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึทืงื›ื™ื™ื•ื•ืึทืŸ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜ ืจืขืงื•ื•ื™ืจืขืžืขื ืฅ," ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืงื•ื•ื™ืจืขืžืขื ืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืžืขืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคื™ืœืข ื‘ืื“ื™ื ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ - ื“ืึธ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ืขืฅ ืฉื•ืœื“ ื˜ืึธืœืขืจืึทื ืฅ, ืคื™ื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ืจืขืงื•ื•ื™ืจืขืžืขื ืฅ, ืกื™ื–ืขืก, ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจืก. ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืงืฉื™ื "ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœืข ื˜ืคึผืก" ืื™ื– ืึทื ืœื™ื™ืงืœื™ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื’ืึทื ืฅ. ื ืคื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืขื ืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธื•ื“ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืจื™ื–ื™ืง ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ึทื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ, ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึธืงื˜ืฉื™ื™ืŸ, ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืฉ ืคื™ื™ืœื™ืขืจื–, ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืฉ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก, ืื ืคืืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช. . ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืึทื’ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืื“ื™ืฆื™ืื ืขืœืŸ ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืก, ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืœืึทืงื›ื™ื™ื•ื•ืึทืŸ ื ืขืฅ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึท ื ืขืฅ ื“ื™ื ืกื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืึทืžื‘ื™ื™ื ื– ื“ื™ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก, ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทื‘ืœ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžืื›ื˜ ืขืก ื’ืึธืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทืกืข ืคึผืจืึธืคื™ืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœืข ืกืึทื‘ืกื™ืกื˜ืึทืžื–. : ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจ, ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ, ื ืขืฅ, ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ

ืขืก ื›ืึทืคึผืึทื ื– ืึทื– ื“ื™ืกืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืึทืงืฉืึทื™ื ืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื•ืžื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื”ื•ื™ื›ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืึทืกืคึผืขืงืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืกืึทืกื˜ื™ื™ื ืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืกืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก, ืึทืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืฉื™ื– ืฆื• ืžืขืกื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืœื ืขืงืก. ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ื™ืฉื•ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืึทื’ืจืขื ืขืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื’ ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืก ืฆื• ื‘ืœืึทืงื›ื™ื™ื•ื•ืึทืŸ ื ื™ืฆืขืจืก ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’.

ืกื˜ืึทื’ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื“ื™ื ืกื˜ ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ื‘ืœืึทืงื›ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜

ืื™ืŸ ืกื“ืจ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ืŸ ืขืจืœืขืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ ื“ื™ื ืกื˜, ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืžืึทืงืกื™ืžื•ื / ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื, ืžืขื“ื™ืึทื ืก, ืคึผืขืจืกืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืœื–. ื˜ื”ืขืึธืจืขื˜ื™ืงืึทืœืœื™, ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 1000 ื˜ืคึผืก ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื‘ืœืึทืงื›ื™ื™ื•ื•ืึทืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ 900 ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืจื™ื–ื™ืง ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ 100 ื–ืขื ืขืŸ "ืกื˜ืึทืง" ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืกืขืงื•ื ื“ืขืก, ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื–ืืžืœื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืึทืœืข ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึท ื’ืึธืจ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื˜ืจื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜. ื•ื•ืืก ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืกืขืงื•ื ื“ืขืก. ืฆื™ื™ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœื™ื’ืข "ื”ืึธืœืขืก" ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืžื™ืกื˜ ืงืึธื ืกืขื ืกื•ืก ืจืึธื•ื ื“ืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ืขืฅ ืกืคึผืœื™ืฅ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ืึท ื“ื™ื ืกื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉืขืก.

ืฆื• ื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืœื ืขืงืก, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืึทื’ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึท ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื‘ืœืึธืงื˜ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืงืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฆืขืจืก. ื–ืืœ ืก ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ืงืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืœื™ื•ื•ืขืจื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’ ืึท ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึทืงื›ื™ื™ื•ื•ืึทืŸ, ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืึทื– ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืงืึทื•ื ืึทื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ.

  1. ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜
  2. ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื—ืชืžืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜
  3. ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืกืึทืœืขืงืฅ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึธื•ื“ื– ืื•ืŸ ืกืขื ื“ื– ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ืขืก
  4. ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืึทื‘ืึธื ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึธื“ืข, ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ
  5. ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธื“ืข ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืฅ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคึผ 2 ืคึผ ื ืขืฅ
  6. ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคึผ (ื‘ืœืึธืง ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืขืจ) ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืึทื– ืึทืงื™ื•ืžื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื–, ืึทืคึผื“ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก
  7. ื‘ืคึผ ืคืืจืžืขืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึท ื‘ืœืึธืง ื ืึธืš ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื–
  8. BP ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืฅ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึท ื‘ืœืึธืง ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคึผ2ืคึผ ื ืขืฅ
  9. ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื™ึท ื‘ืœืึธืง ืื™ื– ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื ืึธื“ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืึทืงืกืขืกื˜
  10. ื ืึธื“ืข ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก
  11. ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธื“ืข ื–ืขื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืกืขื ื“ื– ืื™ื ืึท ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืึธื ื–ืึธื’

ืื™ืฆื˜ ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืงื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืึทื’ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืขืœ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ื™ืฉื•ื– ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ืข. ื ื™ื˜ ืขื ืœืขืš ืกืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ, ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืงืึธื“ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื ืขืฅ ืงืœื™ื™ืึทื ืฅ. ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืึธืคื˜, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืขืกื˜ืŸ ื˜ืคึผืก, ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ืืžืœื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึธื•ื“ื–, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ - ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ืึธืจื’ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธื“ืข ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ; ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื–ืึทืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ื ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืœืขืš ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ื™ื ืงืœื•ื“ืขื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึทืงื›ื™ื™ื•ื•ืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืฆื• ืื™ื. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืžืขื˜ืจื™ืง ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื™ืกืขื ืฉืึทืœื™ ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ. ื“ืขื ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืึทื– ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืงืœื™ื™ืึทื ืฅ, ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ, ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึธืคืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ืึทืœ, ืžืึทืกืข ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืงืกื™ืžืึทื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึธื“ืข, ืืื–"ื• ื•. ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืœืขื’ืึทืžืจืข ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ืžืขืกื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงืœื™ื™ืึทื ืฅ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืขื“.

ืคึผืจื™ืคึผืขืจื™ื ื’ ืึท ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜

ื–ืืœ ืก ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ: ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื—ืชืžืขื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜. ืึทื“ืœื™ ื’ืขื ื•ื’, ื“ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืœื ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืึทืงื›ื™ื™ื•ื•ืึทืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืก ืคื•ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’. ื“ืืก ืื™ื– ืื•ืžื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ืœื™ืš ืคืืจ ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืืœื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ืข ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืข ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืืœืข ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืืคืขืจืืฆื™ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืื˜ื, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฆื• ื ืงื•ืจืฆืข ืคืืจืœืื ื’ ื•ื•ืืก ืงืขืŸ ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืกื•ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืื˜ื ืื“ืขืจ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช, ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืคืืจื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึธืงื˜ืฉืึทื™ื ืก, ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืงืึธื“ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึทืงื›ื™ื™ื•ื•ืึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืœื™ื™ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทืกื™ื•ื• ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื˜ืึทืกืงืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื•ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคืขืจื“ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึธืงื˜ืฉืึทื™ื ืก, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืึทื ืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืึท ืœืึทื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ (ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ืžืขืจืงืœืข ืคึผืจืึธื•ื•ืขืก, ืกืึทืงืกื™ื ืงื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื•ืขืก, ืฉื•ื•ืขืœ ืกื™ื’ื ืึทื˜ืฉืขืจื– ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืงืึธืžืคึผืœืขืงืก ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜). ื ื’ื•ื˜ืข ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขืจืึทืคืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ-ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื’ืœื™ื“ืขืจืฉืึทืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ Merkle-ื‘ื•ื™ื, ื“ืึธ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ.

ืื•ื™ืš, ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืงืึธื“ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืฉื™ืงืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึทืงื›ื™ื™ื•ื•ืึทืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืคึฟืจืื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึทืงื›ื™ื™ื•ื•ืึทืŸ - ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืงืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ื“ื–ืฉืขืกื˜ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืึธืงื˜ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ื ืึธื•ื“ื–. ืึทื–ื•ื™, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืžืขื–ืฉืขืจืžืึทื ืฅ, ืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืฆื• ืขืžื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืงืึธื“ ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš. ืืคื™ืœื• ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึทืงื›ื™ื™ื•ื•ืึทืŸ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืงืœื™ื™ืึทื ืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึท ืจืขื’ื•ืœืขืจ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ื›ืกื™ืžืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืกื˜ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืึทืกืขื˜, ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื™ืึธืจ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืžืขืจ ืžืึทืกื™ื•ื• ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜, ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืึธ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทืžื– ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืฉื˜ืืจืงืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืœื ืขืง ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขื“ื•ื™ืขืจื˜ 3.5 ืก, 2.5 ืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืืจื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคึผืจื™ืคึผืขืจื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืกื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ, ืื•ืŸ 1.0 ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉื™ืงืŸ ืขืก ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ. ืฆื• ืึทืกืกืขืกืก ื“ื™ ืจื™ืกืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืœื ืขืง, ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืึทืžืœืขืŸ ืžืขื˜ืจื™ืงืก ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืžืืฉื™ื ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืึธืงื˜ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ื ืึธื•ื“ื–.

ืฉื™ืงื˜ ืึท ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื•ืก

ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืฉืจื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืฉื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืœืึธืงื˜ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ื ืึธื“ืข ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื•ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืงืกืขืคึผื˜ื™ื ื’ ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ื‘ืขืงืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ืข ืื™ื– ืขื ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืึท ืจืขื’ื•ืœืขืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ืึทืงืกืขืก; ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธื“ืข ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืคึผ 2 ืคึผ ื ืขืฅ. ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’ ืฆื• ืึทืกืกืขืกืก ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ื“ืึธ ืื™ื– ืขื ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืึทืกืกืขืกืก ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืงืึทื‘ืึธืœืขื“ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืึทืคึผื™ ืžื™ืงืจืึธืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึธืงื˜ืฉืึทื™ื ืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœื™ ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื•ืก. ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืึทืคึผื“ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื‘ืœืึธืงื˜ืฉืึทื™ื ืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืคืœ ืžืืœ, ืœืžืฉืœ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืกื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉื™ื ื’ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคืึธืจืงืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืคึผืก ืžืขืœื“ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฆื• ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืœืึธืง. ืœื™ืžืึทืฅ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืขืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ืขืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึธืงื˜ืฉื™ื™ืŸ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ื‘ืขืงืŸ ืื™ื– ืึธื ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืžืึทืงืกื™ืžื•ื ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ื’ืจื™ื™ืก, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืจืึทืŸ, ื ืขืฅ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืœืŸ ืฉืืจืฃ. ื‘ืœืึธืงืงื˜ืฉืึทื™ื ืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื™ืฆืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืึท ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผืคืึทืœ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึทืงื›ื™ื™ื•ื•ืึทืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ื”ื•ื™ืš-ื‘ืึทื ื“ ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง ืคื™ื–, ื“ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืึทืคืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ื‘ืขืงืŸ ืฆื• ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ - ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืขืœ ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืœื ืขืง ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’.

ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึทืงื›ื™ื™ืึทื ื–, ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืกืขื ื“ื– ืึท ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึทืงื›ื™ื™ื•ื•ืึทืŸ ื ืึธื“ืข ืขืจ ืœื™ื™ืงืก, ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ื™ื•ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืฉื™ืงื˜, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืึทืœืข ืขืจ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืฉืจ ืื•ืŸ, ื ืึธืš ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ืกื™ืข, ื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึทืงื›ื™ื™ื•ื•ืึทืŸ ืฆื• ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜, ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ. ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’ ืึทื– ื“ื•ืจืš ืžืขืกื˜ืŸ "ื˜ืคึผืก" ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืžืขื˜ื”ืึธื“ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ืขืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ืึท ื‘ืœืึธืงื˜ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ื ืึธื“ืข. ื“ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ืจืขื’ื•ืœืขืจ ื”ื˜ื˜ืคึผ ืจืคึผืง ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึท ื•ื•ืขื‘ืกืึธืงืงืขื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืžืขื ื˜ ื“ื™ "ืึทื‘ืึธื ื™ืจืŸ" ืžื•ืกื˜ืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข ืคืึทืœ, ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ืึธื ื–ืึธื’ ืคืจื™ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธื“ืข ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ (ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ) ืื•ื™ืฃ ืจืขืกืคึผืึธื ืกืขืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื•ืก. ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืขืกื˜ืŸ "ื˜ืคึผืก" ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืงืœื™ื™ืึทื ืฅ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ืฆื• ื ืึธื•ื“ื–. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืฆื• ืึทืกืกืขืกืก ื“ื™ ืจื™ืกืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืœื ืขืง, ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉืžืึทืจืง ื‘ืœืึทืงื›ื™ื™ื•ื•ืึทืŸ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ืขืžื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ ืงืœื™ื™ืึทื ืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข WebSocket ืื•ืŸ HTTP RPC ืจื™ืงื•ื•ืขืก, ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืคึผืึธืจืฉืึทื ื– ืงืึธืจืึทืกืคึผืึทื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก, ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก.

ืฆื• ืึทืกืกืขืกืก ื“ื™ ืจื™ืกืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืœื ืขืง, ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืึทืžืœืขืŸ ืžืขื˜ืจื™ืงืก ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืžืืฉื™ื ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืึธืงื˜ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ื ืึธื•ื“ื–.

ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืึทืงืก ื“ื•ืจืš ืคึผ2ืคึผ ื ืขืฅ

ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึธืงื˜ืฉืึทื™ื ืก, ื™ื™ึทื ืงื•ืงื -ืฆื•-ื™ื™ึทื ืงื•ืงื  (ืคึผ2ืคึผ) ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงื™ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืฆื• ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืึทืงืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ืกืึทืคึผืึทื ืฅ. ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ, ืกื˜ืึทืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึธื•ื“ื–, ื‘ื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ื™ื™ึทื ืงื•ืงื  ื‘ืœืึธืง ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืกืขืจืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคึผืึทืงืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึทืงืก ืื•ืŸ, ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืคึผ2ืคึผ, ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื ื™ื™ึท ื‘ืœืึทืงืก ืฆื• ืึทืœืข ื ืขืฅ ื ืึธื•ื“ื–. ื“ื™ ื™ืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ืคึผ2ืคึผ ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ืžืึธื“ื™ืคื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ Kademlia ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ. ื“ืึธ ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ ืงื™ืฆืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ - ืึทืŸ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ืžืขื–ืฉืขืจืžืึทื ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ืึธืจืจืขื ื˜ ื ืขืฅ, ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืขืฅ ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืคึผืจื™ื“ื™ืงื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื“ ื ืขืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืกืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ื“ื™ื ืกื˜. ืื•ื™ืš, ื“ืึธ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžืขืกื˜ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ืžืขื˜ืจื™ืงืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขื˜ื”ืขืจืขื•ื ื ืึธื•ื“ื–.

ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจืฅ, ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ึทื ืงื•ืงื  ืื™ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื– ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื“ื™ื ืึทืžื™ืฉ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืคึผื™ืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ืจื™ืงื•ื•ืขืก ื‘ืœืึทืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืคืืจืœืื ื’ ื‘ืืงื•ืžื˜ ื ืคืืจืœืื ื’, ื’ื™ื˜ ืขืจ ืื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื ื•ื™ื˜ื™ื’ืข ืื™ื ืคืืจืžืืฆื™ืข ืื“ืขืจ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคืืจืœืื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ื’ืŸ ืคึผืกืขื•ื•ื“ืึธ-ืจืึทื ื“ืึธื-ืคืืจืœืื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื”, ืื•ืŸ ื ืื›ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืืก ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื ืจืขืืงืฆื™ืข, ื’ื™ื˜ ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืคืืจืœืื ื’ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงืืฉื˜ ืขืก ืคืืจ ื ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืœืึธืง ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืคืจื™ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืžืึธืœ. ืื–ื•ื™, ืคืึธืœืงืก ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืขื ื“ืก ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทื˜ืฉืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผื™ืจื–, ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืึทืœืขืจ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ืกืœืขื›ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื– ืจื™ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกื˜. ืคึผื™ืจื– ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคืขืจื“ ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ ืคืจื•ื•ื•ื˜ ืฆื• ืกื˜ื™ืžื•ืœื™ืจืŸ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ืึทื˜ืขืจื– ื“ื•ืจืš ื™ื ืงืจื™ืกื™ื ื’ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ื– ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื ืกื˜, ืื•ื™ื˜ืึธืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ืกืคึผืœื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ ื™ื ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ืกืึทืคึผืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึทื ืงื•ืงื  ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช.

ืึทื–ื•ื™, ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืึทื– ื‘ืœืึธืง ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืกืขืจืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ืขืŸ ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึธืง. ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธื“ืข ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœื™ "ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืฅ" ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ืกืึทื ื– ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ, ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื‘ืœืึธืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื“ืขืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืกื“ืจ ืฆื• ื’ืขื‘ื  ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜. ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืขืก ื ืขืžื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ ืฆื• ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืึทืงืก ืฆื• ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผ2ืคึผ ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก ื“ืขืคึผืขื ื“ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช: ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจืœืขืš ื ืึธื•ื“ื– ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื ื™ืจื‘ื™ื™ (ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื ืขืฅ ืคื•ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’), ื“ื™ "ื•ื•ืึทืจืขื- ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ" ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื˜ืฉืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึธื•ื“ื–, ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืึทืงืก, ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื–, ื“ื™ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื ืขืฅ ื’ืขืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™, ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธื•ื“ื– ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช. ืงืึธืžืคึผืœืขืงืก ืžืขื–ืฉืขืจืžืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืžืขื˜ืจื™ืงืก ืื™ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ืงืึธืžืคึผืœืขืงืก ืขื ื™ืŸ; ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ืกื™ื™ืžืึทืœื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ืึทืกืœื™ ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืงืœื™ื™ืึทื ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผื™ืจื– (ื‘ืœืึธืงืงื˜ืฉืึทื™ืŸ ื ืึธื•ื“ื–). ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผ2ืคึผ ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืžื–, ืคืึทืœืฉ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ื•ื™ืงืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทื˜ืฉื™ื ื’, ื™ื ื™ืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคึผื™ืจื–, ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืึทืคืŸ ื“ื™ืœื™ื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ื ืขืฅ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฅ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืœื ืขืง ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื™ื–. , ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ.

ื‘ืœืึธืงื˜ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ืึทืคึผื“ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’

ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึธืงื˜ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืงืึธื ืกืขื ืกื•ืก ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื, ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื‘ืœืึทืงืก ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ื™ื ื’ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก. ืึทื“ื™ื ื’ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึท ื‘ืœืึธืง ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื–ืึธืœ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ ื•ื•ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, "ื–ืึธืœ" ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื™ื ืขืŸ "ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜", ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืงืขืŸ, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื™ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืŸ ืึท ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ื• ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืœืึทื ื’ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ื˜ืฉืึทื ื’ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืžืขื˜ืึทื“ืึทื˜ืึท ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืงืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ , ืื•ืŸ ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืจืึธื•ืœื™ื ื’ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก. ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ืข, ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืœื ืขืง, ืื™ื– ืกื™ืžืคึผืœืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืคึผ 2 ืคึผ ื ืขืฅ ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ืกืขื ืกื•ืก ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ื“ื™ื˜ืขืจืžืึทื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืง, ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืฆื• ืžืขืกื˜ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื“ืึธ.
ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื–ืึทืš ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ืฆืขืžื™ืฉืŸ ืจืึทื ื“ืึธื ื“ืขืจื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ื ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื ืขืฅ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก - ื ืึธื•ื“ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืกืœืึธื•ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืœื™ื•ื•ืขืจื™ื ื’ ื‘ืœืึทืงืก ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืงื™ื™ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ืงื•ืงืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืคึผืึทืžืขืœืขืš ื ืขืฅ, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืœื™ื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื˜.

ืฆื• ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžื™ื™ื– ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ื ืข, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ืฆื• ื–ืึทืžืœืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจ ืžืขื˜ืจื™ืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึธื•ื“ื– ื–ื™ืš, ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื™ื™ึทื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ืึทืคึผื“ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜-ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก: ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืึทืงืก ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื ืึธื“ืข, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก, ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื–, ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉื™ื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคืึธืจืงืก, ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืงืจื™ืคึผืœื˜ ื‘ืœืึทืงืก, ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ืขื˜ืง. ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคืึทืจืžื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื ืขืฅ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืขืžื™ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืขืจืจืึธืจืก ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทืžื–.

ื ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืขืœ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’ ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ืžืงื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžื™ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึทืงื›ื™ื™ื•ื•ืึทืŸ. ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ืึทืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–, ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ / ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืงืฆื™ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืžืขื˜ืจื™ืงืก ืฉื™ื™ึทื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ ืงืึธื“ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืฆื• ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ืกืžืึทืจื˜ ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืึทืงืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžื’ื™ืœื”, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืึธืจื™ืข ื–ื™ื™ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื ื•ืฆืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ: ืงืคึผื• / ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ / ื ืขืฅ / ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื•ืžื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก, ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ืขื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืฉื˜ืืจืง ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืึธื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื˜ืฉืึทื ื’ื™ื ื’ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ ืงืึธื•ื“ื–. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืžืขื˜ืจื™ืงืก ืฉื™ื™ึทื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืืจืฃ ืฆื• ื™ืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœื™ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžื™ื™ื– ื‘ืœืึธืงื˜ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’.

ืงืึทื‘ืึธืœืข ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืึธื ื–ืึธื’ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ืงืœื•ื–ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึทืงื›ื™ื™ื•ื•ืึทืŸ

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ ื‘ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึทืงื›ื™ื™ื•ื•ืึทืŸ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืจื™ืกื™ื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื ืกื˜; ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืกื˜ืึทื’ืขืก, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจื›ืขื“ ืงืึธืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืงืึทื ืกื™ื“ืขืจื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืžืึทื ืึทืก ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึธื“ืข (ืœืžืฉืœ, ืึท ืงืœื•ื’ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึทืงื˜). ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ืžืขื ื’ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ). ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืœ, ื“ืขื ืคื•ื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืฉื™ื "ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœืข ื˜ืคึผืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึธืงื˜ืฉื™ื™ืŸ?", ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜, ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื™ืกื™ื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืก ืื™ื– ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืขื“.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึธืจื˜, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืึท ืฉื™ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื•ืœ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ื”ืื˜ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึทืงื›ื™ื™ื•ื•ืึทืŸ; ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืžืึธืœ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ. ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก.

ืกืึธืฃ

ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜, ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื’ืขื˜ืืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ืœืึทืงืฉืึทื™ื ืก ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงืึทื˜ืขื’ืึธืจื™ืขืก:

  1. ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข, ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื– ืงืึทื ืกื˜ืจืึทืงืฉืึทืŸ
  2. ื™ื™ึทื ืงื•ืงื -ืฆื•-ื™ื™ึทื ืงื•ืงื  ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงื™ื ื’, ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืึทืจืŸ ืจืขืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ
  3. ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’, ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืœื•ื’ ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืึทืงืฅ
  4. ืึทืคึผืœื™ื™ื™ื ื’ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึธืงื˜ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก, ืึทืคึผื“ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืึทืงืก
  5. ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ-ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืจื™ืงื•ื•ืขืก ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก, ื‘ืœืึทืงื›ื™ื™ื•ื•ืึทืŸ ื ืึธื“ืข ืึทืคึผื™, ืึทื‘ืึธื ืขืžืขื ื˜ ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืก

ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืฉ ืจืขืงื•ื•ื™ืจืขืžืขื ืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืœืึทืงื›ื™ื™ื•ื•ืึทืŸ ื ืึธื•ื“ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืขืจื ืกื˜ - ืฉื ืขืœ ืงืคึผื•ืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™, ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืกื•ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื‘ืึทืจืึทืŸ ืฆื• ืงืจืึธื ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ ืึทืงืกืขืก ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก, ื ืขืฅ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงืฉืึทืŸ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ื™ืžืึทืœื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ืึทืกืœื™ ืขืคืขื ืขืŸ ืงืึทื ืขืงืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ. ืึทื–ืึท ื”ื•ื™ืš ืจืขืงื•ื•ื™ืจืขืžืขื ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืขืคืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื™ื ืขื•ื•ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ืœื™ ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ื ืึธื•ื“ื– ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืกืงืึทืกื˜ ืกื˜ืึทื’ืขืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืœื ืขืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื™ืœืขืœื“ื™ืง ื ืขืฅ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’.

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืึทืงืฉืึทื™ื ืก, ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืคื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ. ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก, ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืึทืžืœืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื™ื– ืžืขื˜ืจื™ืงืก ืกื™ื™ืžืึทืœื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ืึทืกืœื™ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืึทื ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื ืขืฅ ื ืึธื•ื“ื–, ืงื•ืงืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึธืจืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืขืก ื ืขืžื˜ ืฆื• ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืก ืฆื• ืงืœื™ื™ืึทื ืฅ, ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ: ืงืคึผื• / ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ / ื ืขืฅ / ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ , ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืคึผืขื” ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืขืจ. ืึทืœืข ื“ืขื ืžืื›ื˜ ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืกืคึผื™ื“ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื‘ืœืึทืงื›ื™ื™ืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืขื ืคื•ืŸ "ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœืข ื˜ืคึผืก" ืึท ื’ืึธืจ ื•ืžื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ืจื™ื–ื™ืง ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืกืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ, ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก, ื“ื™ ืคืจืื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืžืขื˜ืจื™ืงืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึทืงื›ื™ื™ืึทื ื–, ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืคึผ2ืคึผ ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก, ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’ ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืึทืงืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืึทืœ ืžืืฉื™ื ืขืŸ, ื™ื ืขืจืœืขืš ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืขืก, ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื’ืจื™ื–. ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ืคื™ืœ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžืื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืข ืืคื™ืœื• ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜-ื™ื ื“ื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื“ืขืจื ืขื ื˜ืขืจื  ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืฉืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึทืงื˜.

ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึทืงื›ื™ื™ื•ื•ืึทืŸ ื”ืึทืจืฅ, ืฆื• ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฆืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคึฟืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืฉื™ื "ื”ืึธื˜ ืขืก ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ื“ ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืžืึธืœ?" ืžื™ืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœืขืงืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึธืจื˜ืฉืขืกื˜ืจื™ื™ืฅ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืœืึธืงื˜ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืึทื–ืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธื•ื“ื– ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื˜ืึธืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉ ืœืึธื ื˜ืฉื™ื– ืึท ื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉืžืึทืจืง ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืœืขืงืฅ ืžืขื˜ืจื™ืงืก. ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ื‘ืึทื’ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืคืœ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ืกืึทืคึผืึทื ืฅ.

ืึทื–ื•ื™, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืฉื™ื "ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœืข ื˜ืคึผืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึธืงื˜ืฉื™ื™ืŸ?", ืคืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืœืึทืงื™ืึทื˜ืขืจ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื˜ื•ืฅ ื’ืจืึทืคืก ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื”ืขืจืŸ ืฆื• ืึทืœืข ื“ืจื™ื™ ื‘ืึธืงืกืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืึทืงื›ื™ื™ื•ื•ืึทืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึฟื™ืจืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืึธืœื•ื•ืข ื–ื™ื™ ...

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