ื˜ืจืึทืค - ื ื•ืžืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืกืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก: ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืึทืคึผืคึผืœื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก

ื”ืงื“ืžื”

"ื“ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทืค ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืขืœืขื’ื ื”ื™ื™ึทื˜."
ืจืื‘ืขืจื˜ ืงืื•ื•, 1970

ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืื™ื– ื“ืขื“ืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึทืœื•ืฉืึทื ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืงืึธืœืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ื“ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทืค - ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืจืึทืกื˜ื™ื“ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข. ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจืฅ, ื•ื•ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ืจืึทืค ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึธืงื˜ืฉืึทื™ื ืก, ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื•ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ "ื’ื•ื˜" ื˜ืจืึทืค ืคื•ืŸ "ืฉืœืขื›ื˜". ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึท ื‘ืืžืช ื˜ืจืึทืค - ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืึธืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืœืึทื ื’ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืึธื’ืจืึทืคืขืจื–. ื ื•, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืกืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก, ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทืค - ื ื•ืžืขืจืŸ ืื™ื– ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง.

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก ื•ื•ื• ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ืกืึทืคึผืึทื ืฅ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืขืจ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ ืึท ื™ื ื“ื™ืกืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ื˜ืจืึทืค - ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื• ื™ืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœื™ ืกืึธืœื•ื•ืข ืคื™ืœืข ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ืขืกืขืจืŸ ื™ื’ื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกืงื™ืžื–. ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ื’ืึทืžื‘ืœื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืœืึทื˜ืขืจื™ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืœ ื“ืึธ, ื•ื•ื™ ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ึท ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื™ื ื™ืงืกืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื ืกื˜ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ.

ื“ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทืค - ื ื•ืžืขืจ

ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืึทืค - ื ื•ืžืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš; ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืก ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก. ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ืจืึทืค - ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืžื•ื™ื– ืžื•ื•ื•ืžืึทื ืฅ, ื“ื™ ืกื•ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜, ื‘ืœืึธื ื“ื–ืฉืขืŸ ืงืขืจืึทื ืฅ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจ ืคึผื™ื ืก, ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืงื•ื•ืืœืŸ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืขื ื˜ืจืึธืคึผื™ ืงื•ื•ืืœืŸ. ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก ื–ื™ืš ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ื˜ืจืึทืค, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจื™ื“ื™ืงื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืžื•ืกื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขื ื“ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ื ื•ืžืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืืžืช ื˜ืจืึทืค - ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื˜, ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืึธื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคืึธืจืžืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื• ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื™ื•ื ืึทืคืึธืจืžืœื™ ืคื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืคึผืกืขื•ื•ื“ืึธ-ืจืึทื ื“ืึธื ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื ื™ื•ื•ืึทื ืœื™ ืคื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื ื˜ืจืึธืคึผื™ืข ืžืงื•ืจ. ื“ื™ ืจื™ื–ืึทืœื˜ื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืคึผืกืขื•ื“ืึธืจืึทื ื“ืึธื ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืืžืช ื˜ืจืึทืค, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ื˜ืขืจืžืึทื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ื“ืขืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื ื˜ืจืึธืคึผื™. ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ, ื˜ืจืื’ื˜ ืกื™ื™ืคืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ื™ื ื“ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ื’ื•ื•ื™ืฉืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจืึทืค - ืกื™ืงื•ื•ืึทื ืก, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืจืึทื ื“ืึทืžื ืึทืก ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ืžืงื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื ื˜ืจืึธืคึผื™, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื’ื•ื˜ ืจื™ืคึผื™ื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ืคึผืจื™ื“ื™ืงื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉืึทื–, ื“ื™ ื“ื™ ืจืขืฉื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืกืคึผืขืจืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืงืกื™ื ื’ ื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื–ืึทืœื˜ื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื.

ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืึท ืงื•ืจืฅ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’ืงืจื™ื™ื– ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื˜ืจืึทืค - ื ื•ืžืขืจืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผื™ืœืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ. ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืŸ, ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืึทืกืข ื‘ืึทืœืึทื ืกื™ื ื’, ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคื™ืœืข ืžืขืจ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–. ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก ื“ืขืคึผืขื ื“ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ ืึท ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืœืขืš, ื•ื™ืกื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืง ืึทื ืคึผืจื™ื“ื™ืงื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ื˜ืจืึทืค, ืงืจืึธื ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื ื˜ื“ืขืงืŸ ืขืก ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืฉืจื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ, ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืจืึทืžื™ื™ื–ื“. ืึท ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืคึผืกืขื•ื“ืึธืจืึทื ื“ืึธื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื ืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื’ืขืคืขืจืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ื˜ืจืขื˜ืึทื ื– ืึทืœืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื ื™ืฆื˜ ืจืึทื ื“ืึทืžื ืึทืก ื“ื•ืจ.

ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ืงื•ืจืก ืื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคืึธืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ืกืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก.

ื˜ืจืึทืค ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึทืงื›ื™ื™ืึทื ื–

ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื‘ืœืึทืงืฉืึทื™ื ืก ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืœื•ื’ ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืึทืงืฅ; ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืคึผืขืจื˜ื•ื ืึทื˜ื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื”ื•ื™ืš-ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜, ื•ืžืœื™ื™ืงื ื“ืœืขืš ืจืึทื ื“ืึทืžื ืึทืก. ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ, ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงื•ืจืฅ, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ ืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข "ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงืœื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื™ืคื™ืึทื‘ืœืข ืจืึทื ื“ืึธื ื‘ื™ืงืึทื ื–"ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคึผื•ืจื‘. ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื‘ืœืึทืงืฉืึทื™ื ืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ืงื˜ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– "ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืงืœื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื™ืคื™ืึทื‘ืœืข", ื“"ื”. ื•ื•ืขืจ ืขืก ื™ื– ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื– ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืจื™ื–ืึทืœื˜ื™ื ื’ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคึผืึธืกื˜ืขื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึธืงื˜ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืขืจื˜ื™ืขืก:

  • ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจืึทื‘ืึทื‘ืœื™ ืžื•ื ื“ื™ืจ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’, ื“"ื” ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคึผืจืึทื‘ืึทื‘ืœื™ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™.
  • ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜. ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืงืึทื ืกืึทืงื•ื•ืึทื ืก, ื“ื™ ืึทื•ื˜ืงืึทื ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืขื“ื™ืงื˜ืขื“ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ึทื’ืŸ.
  • ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืกืึทื‘ืึธื˜ืึทื–ืฉ ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืจ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ื“ื•ืจืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจืœืึธื•ื“ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ
  • ืึทืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืขื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืœื™ืง ืฆื• ืงืึทืœื•ื–ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ืžืขืจืœืขืš ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ืกืึทืคึผืึทื ืฅ (ืœืžืฉืœ, 1/3 ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ืกืึทืคึผืึทื ืฅ).

ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืงืึทืœื•ื“ื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื ืขืจื•ื•ืขืจื˜ื™ืง ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ืกืึทืคึผืึทื ืฅ ืฆื• ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืึท ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืึธื•ืœื“ ืืคื™ืœื• / ืžืึธื“ื ืข ื˜ืจืึทืค ืื™ื– ืึท ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืœืึธืš. ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ืฆื• ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืฉื•ืึทื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทืค ืื™ื– ืึท ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืœืึธืš. ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ืคืจืื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ ...

ืขืก ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ PVRB ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืœืขืจื™ื™ึท, ืœืึทื˜ืขืจื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึทืžื‘ืœื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึทืงื›ื™ื™ื•ื•ืึทืŸ. ื˜ืึทืงืข, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืจืึทื ื“ืึทืžื ืึทืก ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึธืงื˜ืฉืึทื™ื ืก ื”ืื˜ ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–. ื–ืืœ ืก ืงื•ืง ื‘ื™ื™ึท ื–ื™ื™.

ืงืึธื ืกืขื ืกื•ืก ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทืžื–

PVRB ืคื™ืขืกืขืก ืึท ืจื™ื–ื™ืง ืจืึธืœืข ืื™ืŸ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ื ืขืฅ ืงืึธื ืกืขื ืกื•ืก. ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึธืงื˜ืฉืึทื™ื ืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขืงื˜ืขื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึทืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ื™ืฉ ื›ืกื™ืžืข, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืึท "ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ" ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ ื™ื ืงืœื•ื–ืฉืึทืŸ / ื™ืงืกืงืœื•ื–ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืœืึธืง (ืึธื“ืขืจ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื‘ืœืึทืงืก). ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื ืกืขื ืกื•ืก ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืกื“ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื“ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึทืงืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื–. ืื•ื™ืš, ืึท ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคืึทืจืžืึธื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื‘ืœืึธืงื˜ืฉืึทื™ื ืก ืื™ื– ืคื™ื ืึทืœืึทื˜ื™ - ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื ืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ื‘ืœืึธืง ืื™ื– ืœืขืฆื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืงืกืงืœื•ื“ื™ื“ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึท ื’ืึธืคึผืœ. ื™ื•ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™, ืื™ืŸ ืกื“ืจ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืึทื– ืึท ื‘ืœืึธืง ืื™ื– ื’ื™ืœื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ, ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ื™ืžืคึผืึธืจื˜ืึทื ื˜ืœื™, ืœืขืฆื˜, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ื–ืึทืžืœืขืŸ ืกื™ื’ื ืึทื˜ืฉืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืึธืง ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืกืขืจืก (ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืจื™ืคืขืจื“ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ BP - ื‘ืœืึธืง ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืกืขืจืก), ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืจื– ืœืคึผื—ื•ืช ื“ื™ืœื™ื•ื•ืขืจื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึธืง ืงื™ื™ื˜. ืฆื• ืึทืœืข ื‘ืคึผืก, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ื’ื ืึทื˜ืฉืขืจื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืึทืœืข ื‘ืคึผืก. ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืคึผืก ื•ื•ืืงืกื˜, ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื•ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ ื•ื•ืืงืกื˜ ืขืงืกืคึผืึธื•ื ืขื ืฉืึทืœื™, ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืงืึธื ืกืขื ืกื•ืก ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทืžื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ืคื™ื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™, ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ Hyperledger pBFT ืงืึธื ืกืขื ืกื•ืก, ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜, ืกื˜ืึทืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ื•ืฅ ื‘ืคึผืก, ืจื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื ื’. ืึท ืจื™ื–ื™ืง ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ืขืงืฉืึทื ื–.

ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื•ืžืœื™ื™ืงื ื“ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืขืจืœืขืš ืคึผื•ื•ื•ืจื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ, ืึทืคึฟื™ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืกื˜ ืึทืคึผืจืึทืงืกืึทืžื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึธืง ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืกืขืจืก ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืžื™ื ื™ืจืŸ ืื™ื ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ "ืคื™ืจืขืจ" ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ึทืœืขื›ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ N ื‘ืœืึธืง ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืกืขืจืก, ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก M: M > 1/2 N ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขืจืœืขืš, ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆืขื ื–ื•ืจ ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืึธืคึผืœ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ืึท "ื˜ืึธืคึผืœ ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ" ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืึท ื™ื•ื ืึทืคืึธืจืžืœื™ ืคื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืึทื ื˜ืฉืึทืœื™ื ื“ื–ืฉื“ ืคึผื•ื•ื•ืจื‘ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื˜ืฉื•ื–ื™ื ื’ ืึทืŸ ืขืจืœืขืš ืคื™ืจืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืึทืฉืžืึธืขืก M / N (M / N > 1/2). ืื•ื™ื‘ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคื™ืจืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึทืกื™ื™ื ื“ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืœ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืึท ื‘ืœืึธืง ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืœืึทื“ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื™ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืœื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึธืง ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจืœืขืš ื‘ืคึผืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืข ื‘ืคึผืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื ืกืขื ืกื•ืก ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ืจื™ืœื™ื™ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืœืขื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื™ื˜. ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืึทื•ื•ืขืงื•ื•ืึทืจืคืŸ ื“ื™ "ืฉืœืขื›ื˜" ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืกืœื™ื™ืกื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื‘ืคึผ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ืื™ืŸ Graphene (ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืกื’ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ EOS), ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ื‘ืœืึทืงืก ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจืžืื›ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืกื™ืžืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉื˜ืืจืง ืจืึทื“ื•ืกืึทื– ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ ืžืึทืกืข ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ื“ืขื ืงืึธื ืกืขื ืกื•ืก ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืขื“ืึทืœื™. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื“ื™ EOS ื ืขืฅ ื”ืื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ื‘ืœืึทืงืก (ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื™ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกืึทื‘ืึทืœ ื‘ืœืึธืง), ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืกื™ื’ื ืึทื˜ืฉืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ 2/3 ื‘ืคึผ. ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึทืงืก ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืขื ืฉื•ืจ ืคื™ื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ (ื“ื™ ื™ืžืคึผืึธืกื™ื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืึธืคึผืœ ืกื˜ืึทืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื™ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกืึทื‘ืึทืœ ื‘ืœืึธืง).

ืื•ื™ืš, ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืึทื ืฅ, ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืกื›ืขืžืข ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ - ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื‘ืœืึทืงืก ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืกื˜ืึทื’ืขืก ืฆื• ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืขืœื ื“ื™ืง ื‘ืœืึทืงืก ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ, ืงืึธื ืกืขื ืกื•ืก ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทืžื– ื ื™ืฆืŸ PVRB ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ื‘ืื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจืข ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืคึผืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžืื›ื˜ ืขืก ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืคืึทืกื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ืขืงืึทื‘ืึธืœืขื“ื™ืง ืคึผื•ื•ืคื˜, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ืžืึธื“ื™ืคื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก.

ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื•ืกื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทืžื–: ืึธื•ืจืึธื‘ืึธืจืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืจื“ืึทื ืึธ ืžืึทื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ืื’ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึทื˜ืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืงืึทืœ ืคึผืจืึทื•ื•ื™ื–ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืงืขื’ืŸ BP ืงืึทืœื•ื–ืฉืึทืŸ.

ืื™ืŸ Ouroboros, PVRB ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืคื™ื ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืขื ืข "BP ืคึผืœืึทืŸ" - ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื‘ืคึผ ืื™ื– ืึทืกื™ื™ื ื“ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืฉืคึผืขืœื˜ืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืœืึธืง. ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืžื™ื™ึทืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื ื™ืฆืŸ PVRB ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฅ "ื™ืงื•ื•ืึทืœืึทื˜ื™" ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืคึผืก (ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธื’ ืฉื™ืฅ). ื“ื™ ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ PVRB ื™ื ืฉื•ืจื– ืึทื– ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืข ื‘ืคึผืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืงืขื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืกืœืึธืฅ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžืึทื ื™ืคึผื•ืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคึผืจื™ืคึผืขืจื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ืคืึธืจืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ึทื’ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืื•ื™ืกืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืึท ื’ืึธืคึผืœ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ื  ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืœืขื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื™ื˜. ืงื™ื™ื˜, ืึธืŸ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื˜ืจื™ืงื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฆื• ืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ "ื ื•ืฆื˜" ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืคึผ ืื•ืŸ "ื•ื•ืึธื’" ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื‘ืœืึทืงืก.

ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืงืึทืกืขืก ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจืึทืค - ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ืงื˜ืขืจ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื“ื™ืกืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ื ืขืฅ, PVRB ืื™ื– ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ืจื”, ืืœื ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื“ื™ื˜ืขืจืžืึทื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืึท ื‘ืœืึธืง ื”ืึทืฉ. ืึธืŸ PVRB, ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื”ืฉืคึผืขื” ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ืงื˜ืขืจ ืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ืึทื˜ืึทืงืก ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืึทื˜ืึทืงืขืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืคืœ ืคื™ื•ื˜ืฉืขืจื– ืฆื• ืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื“ืึธืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ืงื˜ืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืื™ืŸ ืึทืžืึธืœ ืฆื• ืขื ืฉื•ืจ ืึท ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทืฉืœื•ืก. ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ PVRB ื“ื™ืกืงืจืขื“ื™ืฅ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก ืคื•ืŸ ืื ืคืืœืŸ.

ืกืงื™ื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทืกืข ื‘ืึทืœืึทื ืกื™ื ื’

PVRB ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื ื•ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืึทืกืงืก ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ืžืึทืกืข ืจืขื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืฆืึธืœื•ื ื’ ืกืงื™ื™ืœื™ื ื’. ืฆื• ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜, ืขืก ืžืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืึท "ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ื™ืฉ ืœืึธื˜ืขืจื™ืข ื˜ื™ืงืงืขืฅ ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ืงืจืึธืคึผื™ื™ึทืžืขื ืฅ". ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื ืขืจืึทืœ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง ืื™ื– ืึทื– ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทื›ืŸ 100 1c ืคึผื™ื™ืžืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผื™ื™ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืจ, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืœืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขืจืœืขืš ืœืึธื˜ืขืจื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ 1$ = 100c, ื•ื•ื• ื“ืขืจ ืคึผื™ื™ึทืœืขืจ ื’ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื ืง ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 1 ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ "ืœืึธื˜ืขืจื™ืข ื˜ื™ืงืึทืฅ" ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ. 100ืง ืฆืึธืœื•ื ื’. ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืงื™ืฅ ื•ื•ื™ื ืก ืึท ืกืœื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ $ 1, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ืœืขื˜ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึทืงื›ื™ื™ื•ื•ืึทืŸ. ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื–ืึทืš ืื™ื– ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข 99 ื˜ื™ืงื™ืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคืขืจื“ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผื™ื™ืขืจ ืึธืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ืึธื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ, ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ ืงืึทื ืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืœื˜ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜. ื ื’ื•ื˜ืข ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืกื›ืขืžืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ Emercoin ื ืขืฅ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ.

ื“ืขืจ ืกื›ืขืžืข ื”ืื˜ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืคืจืื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ, ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืคึผื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ื ืึธืš ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ื‘ื™ืœืขื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคื™ืœืข ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–, ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ืคึผืขืจ-ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ื™ืฉ ืกืึทื‘ืกืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทื ื– ืฆื• ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก, ื“ื™ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืึธื–ืŸ. ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืคืึธื“ืขืจื•ื ื’, ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื™ืฉืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืึธื˜ืขืจื™ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ืœืขื’ืึทืžืจืข ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืึท ืคึผื•ืจื‘.

ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจืึทืค ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ืงื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฉืึทืจื“ื™ื ื’ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก, ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื›ืึธืจื™ื–ืึทื ื˜ืึทืœื™ ื•ื•ืึธื’ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึธืง ืงื™ื™ื˜, ืึทืœืึทื•ื™ื ื’ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื‘ืคึผืก ืฆื• ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื–. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืึธืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ื™ืกืŸ ืฉืึทืจื“ื–. ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืกืขืœืขืงืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืึท ื˜ืจืึทืค - ื‘ืคึผ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืกื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจื˜ืœืขืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืฉืึทืจื“, ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธื ืกืขื ืกื•ืก ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทืžื–, ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผื•ืจื‘. ืื™ืŸ ืกืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ, ืฉืึทืจื“ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืกื™ื™ื ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ื‘ืึทืœืึทื ืกืขืจ; ืขืก ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืงืึทืœืงื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฅ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืกืขื ื“ื– ืขืก ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืขืงืกืึทืงื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึธืงื˜ืฉืึทื™ื ืก, ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื”ืฉืคึผืขื” ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืึทืกื™ื™ื ืžืึทื ื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ืึท ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงืึธื ืกืขื ืกื•ืก. ืœืžืฉืœ, ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืึธื•ืœื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืึทื˜ืึทืงืขืจ, ืขืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฉืึทืจื“ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืจ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœืก ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทื ื™ืคึผื•ืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืึทืงืก ืื™ืŸ ืขืก. ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ื“ื™ืกืงื•ืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื˜ืจืึทืค - ื ื•ืžืขืจืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฉืึทืจื“ื™ื ื’ ื˜ืึทืกืงืก ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ื”ืขืจืขื•ื ื“ืึธ
ืฉืึทืจื“ื™ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืึทืžื‘ื™ืฆื™ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืขืจื ืกื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืึทืงื›ื™ื™ื•ื•ืึทืŸ; ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืกืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทื ื˜ืึทืกื˜ื™ืฉ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื“. PVRB ืื™ื– ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื‘ืœืึทืงืก ืฆื• ืกืึธืœื•ื•ืข ืขืก.

ืฉืคึผื™ืœืขืจื™ื™ึท, ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืฉ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก, ืึทืจื‘ื™ื˜ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ

ื“ื™ ืจืึธืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื˜ืจืึทืค - ื ื•ืžืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื™ืžื™ื ื’ ืื™ื ื“ื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืข ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจืขืกื˜ืึทืžื™ื™ื˜. ื™ืงืกืคึผืœื™ืกืึทื˜ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึธื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึทืกื™ื ืึธืก, ืื•ืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืœื™ืกืึทื˜ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืึทืœืงื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื™ืคืขืงืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉืคึผื™ืœืขืจ ืก ืงืึทืžืฃ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืœืข ื’ืึธืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ืกืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก, ื•ื•ื• ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ื  ื–ื™ืš ืึท ื”ื•ื™ืคื˜ ืžืงื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืึทื ื“ืึทืžื ืึทืก. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื˜ืจืึทืค - ืกืขืœืขืงืฆื™ืข ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืกืึธืœื•ื•ืข ืคื™ืœืข ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืฉ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืกื™ืžืคึผืœืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก. ืจืขื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืกืคึผื™ื•ืฅ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฆืึธืœื•ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื‘ื™ืœื™ืง ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืก, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืกืคึผื™ื•ืฅ ืคืึทืœืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืจืึทืจืขืœื™. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืึทื ื“ื™ืกืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื“ PVRB, ืงืึทืกื˜ืึทืžืขืจื– ืื•ืŸ ืกืขืœืขืจื– ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืกืึธืœื•ื•ืข ื“ื™ืกืคึผื™ื•ืฅ ืจืึทื ื“ืึทืžืœื™, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืžืึทืฉืžืึธืขืก. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžืึทืฉืžืึธืขืก ืคื•ืŸ 60% ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื ืก, ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžืึทืฉืžืึธืขืก ืคื•ืŸ 40% ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจืขื’ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื ืก. ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึทื‘ืกื•ืจื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’, ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืื•ื™ื˜ืึธืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ืกืคึผื™ื•ืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืคึผืจื™ื“ื™ืงื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ืก / ืœืึธืกืกืขืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคึผืึทืกืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ืขืก ืึธืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื“ืจื™ื˜ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื•ืžื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜. ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ื“ื™ ืžืึทืฉืžืึธืขืก ืคืึทืจื”ืขืœื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ืึทืžื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื’ืœืื‘ืืœืข ื•ื•ืขืจื™ืึทื‘ืึทืœื–. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืึท ืคื™ืจืžืข ืื™ื– ื˜ืืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜, ื”ืื˜ ืึท ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืกืคึผื™ื•ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืคึผืจืึทืคื™ื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™, ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืžืข ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ื˜ืึธืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉ ื™ื‘ืขืจืจื•ืง ื“ื™ ืžืึทืฉืžืึธืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืจื™ื–ืึทืœื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืคึผืึธืœืขืžื™ืง ืฆื• ืงื•ื ื”-ืกืขื ื˜ืจื™ืกื™ื˜ื™, ืœืžืฉืœ 70/30 ืึธื“ืขืจ 80/20, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืฆืข ื•ื•ืขืจืกืึท, ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ืกืคึผื™ื•ืฅ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืจืึธื“ื–ืฉืึทืœืึทื ื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื™ื ืึทื“ืึทืงื•ื•ืึทื˜, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื‘ืขืจืจื•ืง ื“ื™ ืžืึทืฉืžืึธืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’.

ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ื“ื™ืกืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก, ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ืกื™ืžืขืŸ ืงื•ืจืึทื˜ืขื“ ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื–, ืคึผืจืึธื’ื ืึธื– ืžืืจืงืคืœืขืฆืขืจ, ื‘ืึทื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืงื•ืจื•ื•ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ืื ื“ืขืจืข, ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืฉ ืฉืคึผื™ืœืขืจื™ื™ึท ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ื•ื˜ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ื– ืจื™ื•ื•ืึธืจื“ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ื– ืคึผื™ื ืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“. ื–ื™ื™ ืึธืคื˜ ืึทื ื˜ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคึผืจืึทื˜ืขืงืฉืึทื ื– ืงืึธื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืขืจ. ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขืงื˜ืขื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš "ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœื–" ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ืœื™ืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืงืขื ืก ("ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืคืœืขืงืœ") ืื™ื– ืฉืคึผื™ืจืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ืฆื• ืื ืคืืœืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืงืึทื•ื ืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืœืึทื ืกืขืก ("ืกื™ื‘ื™ืœ ืคืœืขืงืœ") ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืึท ืื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ, ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜- ืœื™ื ืขืึทืจ ืคื™ื– ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืคืœืขืงืœ ืึทื ืคึผืจืึทืคื™ื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื•ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ ื“ื™ืกืงืจืขื“ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ. ื–ื™ื ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขืงืึธื ืึธืžื™ืฉ ืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ื“ื™ ืงืึธืจืึทืกืคึผืึทื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืฅ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึทืœืงื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ึทื’ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื™ึทื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืจืึทื ื“ืึทืžื™ื™ื–ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’. ืึทื–ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ืงืึทืžื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“ ื’ืึธืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืึทืงื›ื™ื™ื•ื•ืึทืŸ ื”ืื˜ ืึท ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืœืขืš ืžืงื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืึทื ื“ืึทืžื ืึทืก ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœืขืงืก ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžืื›ื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœื– ืื•ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื™ืœืก.
ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ ืึทื– ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืึท ืื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืจืึทื ื“ืึทืžื ืึทืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืึธืคึผื ืึทืจืŸ, ืจื™ื“ื•ืกื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืฉืžืึธืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืึทืœื‘, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืึทืŸ ืขืจืœืขืš ืคึผื•ืจื‘ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธื ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก.

ื•ื•ื• ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ ื˜ืจืึทืค?

ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืึธืจื™ืข, ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทืค ืกืขืœืขืงืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืกืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก ืžืื›ื˜ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืคึผืจืึทื‘ืึทื‘ืœื™ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืงืึทืœื•ื–ืฉืึทืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืกื™ื™ื›ืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ - ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ ืึทื’ืจื™ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืื™ื™ืŸ 0 ืึธื“ืขืจ 1 ื‘ื™ืกืœ, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืึทืœื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ืกืึทืคึผืึทื ืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ืžืขืจืœืขืš, ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜, ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ื™ื˜ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–, ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืจืึทื ื˜ื™ื“ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืึท ืงืึธื ืกืขื ืกื•ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคืึทืจืคืขืกื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืžืึทืฉืžืึธืขืก. ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืึทืŸ ืขืจืœืขืš ื˜ืจืึทืค ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ 51 ืคื•ืŸ 100 ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ืกืึทืคึผืึทื ืฅ 51% ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืึธืจื™ืข, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ... ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก, ืฆื• ืขื ืฉื•ืจ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ, ืคื™ืœืข ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืžื—ื ื•ืช, ืงืึธืžืคึผืœืขืงืก ืžื•ืœื˜ื™-ืคืึธืจืŸ ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื ื™ื™ึท ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ื•ื•ืขืงื˜ืึธืจืก.
ืึทื– ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืš ื–ืขืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืขื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืœื™ืง ืคึผื•ื•ื•ืจื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืึทืงื›ื™ื™ืึทื ื–, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืกื˜ืขื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–, ืงื™ื™ืคืœ ืึทื“ืึทืฅ, ืœืึธื•ื“ื–, ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืื ืคืืœืŸ, ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ืจื•ืคืŸ ืึท. ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ ื‘ืืžืช ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคึผืจืึทืžืึทืกื™ื ื’ ืึทืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืฉื™ื–, ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ื“ืขื˜ืึทื™ืœืก, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืกืึธืœื•ื•ืข ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื. ืžื™ื˜ ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ, ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ื˜ืขืึธืจื™ืข ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืงืœืขื•ื•ืขืจืœื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜, ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ PVRB ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืึทื ืฅ: ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื–ื™ื™, ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื’ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืขืจื˜ื™ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคื™ืœืข ื˜ื™ืžื– ื™ื ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ื•ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืจืึทื ื“ืึทืžื™ื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธืคืŸ ืึทื– ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื˜ื™ืžื– ืฆื• ืžืึทืš ืคืึทืกื˜ืขืจ, ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคึผืจืขื“ืึทืกืขืกืขืจื–.

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

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