ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜ ื˜ืขืกืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืึท DBMS - ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ืกืคึผืึธืจื˜ืžืึทืกื˜ืขืจ, ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™

ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ - ื“ืึธ.

ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜ ื˜ืขืกืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืึท DBMS - ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ืกืคึผืึธืจื˜ืžืึทืกื˜ืขืจ, ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™

ื™ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข. ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืคื™ื™ืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผื™ื ื’ ื ื™ื™ึท ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™. ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ื•ื•ืขืœืึทืคึผืžืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืขื“ืึทืกืขืกืขืจื–. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ื™ื‘ืขืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืจืึทืœื™ืฉ ืึทื‘ืœืึทื’ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ?

ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืึธืคื˜, ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืึทืœื˜ ื“ื™ื•ื•ืขืœืึทืคึผืžืึทื ืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ืกื˜ืึทืจืฅ ืึทืœืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ. ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืœื™ื™ืงืก ืฆื• ื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืก ืงืึธื“, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ืคืืจื•ื•ืืก ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื? ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื˜ื™ืคึผื™ืฉ ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’, ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืœืึทืจื’ืขืœื™ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื™ืขืงื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืคืึทืœืฉ. ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜ ืึธื˜ืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื•ื•ืขืœืึทืคึผืžืึทื ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜ ื˜ืขืกืฅ ืื•ื™ืฃ utPLSQL ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคึผืจืขื“ืึทืกืขืกืขืจื–, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœืขืœ ืื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืงืฆื™ืขืก.

  1. ืจื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ืึทืœื˜ ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜ ื˜ืขืกืฅ. ืจืขืงืึธื•ื•ืขืจื™ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืึทื“ืึทืคึผื˜ื™ื ื’ ื˜ืขืกืฅ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื™ื’ื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื•ื™ืึทืœื˜ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื•ืŸ ืึทื“ืึทืคึผื˜ื™ื ื’ ื˜ืขืกืฅ ืฆื• utPLSQL ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ืึทืจื“ืก.
  2. ืกืึทืœื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžืขื˜ื”ืึธื“ืก ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืึทื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืื“ืขืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื•ื˜ืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ืก. ืื™ืจ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ืขืŸ ืงืึทื ืงืœื•ื–ืฉืึทื ื– ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืึทื•ื˜ืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ ืงืึธื“. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืึท ืงืึทื˜ืึทืœืึธื’. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืึท ื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืง ืžื ืขืžืึธื ื™ืง ืงืึธื“ ืฆื• ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืึทื•ื˜ืึธื˜ืขืกื˜, ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืขื“ ืกืขื˜ื˜ื™ื ื’ืก (ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ื ืึธื™ื ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืึธื ื˜ืฉื˜, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืจืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืข ืงืึทื˜ืขืจ ืคื™ื™ืœื–). ื™ืกืขื ืฉืึทืœื™, ืžื™ืจ ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ื“ื™ ืžืขื˜ืึทื“ืึทื˜ืึท ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื•ื˜ืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ืก ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื˜ืึทื“ืึทื˜ืึท ืื™ืŸ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ื•ื˜ืคึผืœืกืงืœ ืกื˜ืฉืขืžืึท ื˜ื™ืฉืŸ.
  3. ื“ืขืคื™ื ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืงืกืคึผืึทื ืฉืึทืŸ ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืขื’ื™ืข, ื™.ืข. ืกืขืœืขืงืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื˜ืขื ื™ืง ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืึทืคืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึธื˜ืึทืžื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื˜ืขืกืฅ. ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœืŸ ื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืึทืžืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืจื™ื™ ื˜ื™ื ื’ื–: ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ืžืึทื ืฅ, ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข ื™ื ืกืึทื“ืึทื ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืึทื–. ืื–ื•ื™, ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœืขืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’, ื™ื ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื’ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜, ืกื™ื™ืžืึทืœื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ืึทืกืœื™ ื™ืงืกืคึผืึทื ื“ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืจืึทื’ืจืขืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืจื™ืœื™ื™ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืขืจื˜ืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืึทื–ืึท ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืœื ืขืง ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ืกืงืึทื•ื ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึธื ื•ืกืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื˜ืฉืขืง.
  4. ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš, ืžื™ืจ ืกื˜ืึทืจื˜ืขื“ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผื™ื ื’ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืึทื•ื˜ืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ืŸ. ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ื˜ืึทืกืงืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืขื“ืขืคื™ื ืขื“ ืกืึทืžืคึผืึทืœื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื•ื™ืึทืœื˜ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื. ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ื”ืื˜ ืึท ื‘ืœืึธืง ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ืคืึทืจืคืขืกื˜ื™ืงื˜ SQL ืงื•ื•ื™ืจื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืกืขืœืขืงื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืึทื ืฅ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื˜ื ืึธื™ื. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืงืึทืกื˜ืึทืžืขืจื– ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึท ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืกื˜ืึทืžืขืจื– ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ืกื•ืžืข ืื™ื– ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืึท ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜. ื ืึธืš ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืึทื•ื˜ืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ืŸ, ืžื™ืจ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืคึผืจืขื“ืขืคื™ื ืขื“ ืกืึทืžืคึผืึทืœื–, ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืขื“ ื‘ืขื ื˜ืฉืžืึทืจืง ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจืก, ืื•ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉื ืึทืœื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžืึทืกืข ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’.
  5. ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื•ื˜ืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ืก ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ื•ืขื. ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืœื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ืึทื•ื˜ืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ืก ืื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืึทื’ื–ื™ืœื™ืขืจื™ ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื– ืืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื: ืึท ืงืึทื˜ืขืจ ืžืึธื“ื•ืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืžืึธื“ื•ืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื“ื•ืจ.

    ื“ืขืจ ืœืึธื ื˜ืฉืขืจ ืื™ื– ืจืขืคึผืจื™ื–ืขื ื˜ื™ื“ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกืึทืœ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขื“ื•ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจ. ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึธืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื•ื˜ืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ ืžื ืขืžืึธื ื™ืง ืงืึธื“, ืคึผืขืงืœ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ, ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ, ืึทื•ื˜ืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึท ืจืขื–ืขืจื•ื•ื™ืจื˜ ืงื™ื•ื•ืขืจื“. ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขื“ื•ืจ ืกืึทืœืขืงืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืึทืœืข ืึทื•ื˜ืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืึทืคืจื™ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืื“ื™ื ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ.

    ื“ื™ ืžืึธื“ื•ืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืขืงืœ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ (ืึท ื˜ื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก) ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขื“ื•ืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ื ืกืขืจืฅ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขื“ื•ืจ, ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืคื™ืœื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœ ื•ื•ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ื ืฉื•ืจื– ื“ื™ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ ืžืžืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืœื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ. ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื ื•ืฆืŸ, ื˜ืขืžืคึผืœืึทื˜ืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืึท ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืข ื˜ืขืœืขืคืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ.

  6. ืึทื•ื˜ืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ืก ื–ืึธืœ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืึท ื˜ืขื’ืœืขืš ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืงืึทื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜, ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึท ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืžืึทื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคึฟื™ืจืžืข ืคึผืึธืกื˜. ื ืึธืš ืจื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ืึทืœื˜ ืึทื•ื˜ืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ืก ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ื ื™ื™ึทืข, ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 30 ืžื™ื ื•ื˜. ื“ื™ ื“ืึธื–ื™ืงืข ืื•ื™ืคึฟืคึฟื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ, ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคืืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืฉืขื”.

    ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜. ื“ื™ ืœื•ื™ืึทืœื˜ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ึท ื ืึทื›ื˜. ืืœืก ื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืคืจื™ื™ืื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืžื•ื–ื˜ ืžืื›ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื ื’ืขื ื“ืข ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื ืื›ื˜. ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื”ืึทืœื‘ ืฉืขื” ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื•ื˜ืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ืŸ 5:XNUMX ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืคืึทืจืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจื˜ืœืขืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ (ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ื’ืจื•ืก ืฆื• ืึทืœืขืงืกื™ื™ ื•ื•ืึทืกื™ื•ืงืึธื•ื•!), ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ื’ื•ื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื. ืื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜, ืึท XNUMX-ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขื˜.

    ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’, ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืขื˜ื”ืึธื“ืก: ืึทื•ื˜ืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ืก ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœืขืœ ืคึฟืขื“ืขื, ืฆื•ืž ื’ืœื™ืง ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืงื•ื•ืขื ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืœื•ื™ืึทืœื˜ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื. ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคืืจืœืื–ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’ ื•ื•ื• ื“ื™ ืึทื•ื˜ืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื˜ืขืกื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคืจื•ื•ื•ื˜ ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื. ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ืจื™ื“ื•ืกื˜ ืฆื• 3-4 ืžื™ื ื•ื˜.

  7. ื ืคืจืื™ืขืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธื˜ืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ื˜ืขืกืฅ ื–ืึธืœ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืคึผืœื•ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ื–. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื ืกื™ืขื”, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืจื•ื•ื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืคึผืขืงืœ ื˜ืขืงืขืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืงืœืึธืจ ืึทื– ืึท ื–ื™ืš-ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืึธื˜ืึทืžื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื™ื™ึทื ืžืึธื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื’ืจื•ื™ืœ, ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื ื“ืŸ ืฆื• ื™ื ื“ืึทืกื˜ืจื™ืึทืœ ืกืึทืœื•ืฉืึทื ื–. ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ื›ึผื•ืœืœ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ ืงืึธื“ (ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข, ืžื™ืจ ืงืจืึธื ื“ื™ ืึทื•ื˜ืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ ืงืึธื“) ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ (ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืขื˜ืึทื“ืึทื˜ืึท ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึทื•ื˜ืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ืก), ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ Liquibase ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคึผืฉื•ื˜.

    ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึทืŸ ืึธืคึฟืŸ-ืžืงื•ืจ, ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก-ืคืจื™ื™ึท ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื˜ืขืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื˜ืจืึทืงื™ื ื’, ืึธื ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืขื ืคืึธืจืกื™ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ืกื˜ืฉืขืžืึท ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ื’ืขืจืื˜ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืคึฟืขืœืŸ ืฉื•ืจื” ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคืจืึทืžืขื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ Apache Maven. ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹Liquibase ืื™ื– ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืคึผืฉื•ื˜. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืกืงืจื™ืคึผืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืึธื•ืœื“ ืื•ื™ืก ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฆื™ืœ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ื˜ืขืงืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืกื™ืงื•ื•ืึทื ืก ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจืก ื“ื™ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ.

    ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ DBMS ืžื“ืจื’ื”, ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก Liquibase ืกื˜ืึธืจื– ื“ื™ ืจืึธื•ืœืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจ ืงืœืึธืฅ. ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ื”ืื˜ ืึท ืงืึทืœืงื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื”ืึทืฉ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืžืึธืœ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก. ื“ืึทื ืง ืฆื• Liquibase, ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืœื™ื™ื›ื˜ ืจืึธื•ืœื“ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฆื• ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ื™ึทื–. ืึทื•ื˜ืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืœืึธื ื˜ืฉื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืข ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืกืขืจืงืึทืฅ, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื– (ื“ื™ ืคืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืข ืกืขืจืงืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก).

ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜ ื˜ืขืกืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืึท DBMS - ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ืกืคึผืึธืจื˜ืžืึทืกื˜ืขืจ, ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™

ืึทื–ื•ื™, ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜ ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื.

  1. ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข, ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืึทื ื•ื•ื™ื ืกื˜ ืึทื– ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’. ืึทื•ื˜ืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืœืึธื ื˜ืฉื˜ ื˜ืขื’ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื–ืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจืจืึธืจืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’. ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืขืจืจืึธืจืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืžื™ื ืึทืฆืึทื“ ืฉื™ื™ึทื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื˜ืึทืงืข ื’ืขื•ื•ืืœื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขืจื ืกื˜ ืกืคืงื•ืช ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืขืจืจืึธืจืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืžืึทื ื•ืึทืœ ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’.
  2. ื“ื™ ืžืึทื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื”ืื˜ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืึทื– ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ืื™ื– ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ... ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข, ื“ืึธืก ืงืึทื ืกืขืจื ื– ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืึทื–. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื–ืขืงืก ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจืื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืกืงืึทื•ื ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึธื ื•ืกืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืจื™ืกื™ืฅ, ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ื“ื™ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื“ื– ืขืจืจืึธืจืก ืคืืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืึธืคื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜
  3. ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืจืื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ื™ื˜ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–. ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ืึทื•ื˜ืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™, ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ-ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื˜ืขืกื˜ืขืจืก ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ืงืึธื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜.
  4. ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื•ื•ืขืœืึทืคึผืžืึทื ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ืึทืžื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืจื– ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืึธื“ื•ืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ืึธื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงื˜ ื“ื•ืจ.
  5. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ ืึท "ืึทืงืกืขืคึผื˜ืึทื ืก" ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื˜ืึทืžื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืฉื›ืœ ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื ื•ืฆื™ืง. ืื‘ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืš ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ. ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ื˜ืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ืŸ, ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืืจืคืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ, ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืื˜ืŸ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื–ื™ืจื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคื˜ืžืึธืœ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜-ืงืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืขืก. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคื™ืœ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก ื“ืึธืจื˜. ื“ืึธ, ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ืฉื•ืจื” ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื• ื“ืขืงืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื•ื˜ืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ืก.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ

ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜ ื˜ืขืกืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืึท DBMS - ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ืกืคึผืึธืจื˜ืžืึทืกื˜ืขืจ, ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™

ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคึผืœืึทื ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืึธื˜ืึทืžื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜.

ื“ืึธืš, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืœืึทื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืœื•ื™ืึทืœื˜ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืกืคึผืึธืจื˜ืžืึทืกื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื”ืืœื˜ ืฆื• ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืึทื•ื˜ืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ืก ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืกืึธืฃ. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื™ืงืกืคึผืึทื ื“ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื•ื•ืขืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜.

ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื•ื˜ืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ืŸ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืกื™ื–, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืกื˜ืขื“ืึทืœื™ ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’. ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืžืกืชึผืžื, ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœืขืœ ืคึฟืขื“ืขื.

ืื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืœืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜-ื ื™ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืึทืœ, ืžื™ืจ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข:

  1. ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ, ืึทื•ื˜ืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ DBMS ืžื“ืจื’ื”, ื™.ืข. ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ PL / SQL ืื™ื– ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง, ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ (ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืงืึทื˜ืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืงืจื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืžืขื˜ืึทื“ืึทื˜ืึท), ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืึท ืžื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื“ืžื™ืŸ ื˜ืึทืคืœื™ืข ื ื™ืฆืŸ Jenkins ืึธื“ืขืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ืขื ืœืขืš.
  2. ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ืœื™ื‘ ืงื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ื™ื˜ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ื™ื ื“ืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื–. ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึธื˜ืึทืžื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’, ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกืึทืœ ื’ืจืื“ืŸ ืื™ื– ืงืึธื“ ืงืึทื•ื•ืขืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื“ ืงืึทื•ื•ืขืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืžืขื˜ืจื™ืง. ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ื’ืจืื“ืŸ, ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืข ืื™ื– ื‘ืื“ืขืงื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึทื•ื˜ืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ืก. ืกื˜ืึทืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข 12.2, Oracle ื’ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืขื˜ืจื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคืคืขืจืก ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ DBMS_PLSQL_CODE_COVERAGE ืคึผืขืงืœ.

    ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืึทื•ื˜ืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื™ื– ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืึท ื™ืึธืจ ืึทืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฆืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงืึทื•ื•ืขืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ. ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ (ื ื™ื˜ ืึท ืกืคึผืึธืจื˜ืžืึทืกื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜) ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขื˜ืจืืคืŸ. ื ื™ืึธืจ ื ืึธืš ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทื•ื˜ืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ืŸ, ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืฆื• ืึทืกืกืขืกืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื“ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืงืŸ. ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืึทื•ื•ืขืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ 1%, ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ. ืžื™ืจ, ื“ื™ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก, ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 10%. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืงืึธื“ ืงืึทื•ื•ืขืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ, ื’ืขืžืืกื˜ืŸ ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ 20%. ืฆื• ืคื™ื™ึทืขืจืŸ, ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ื–, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื• ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืึธืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข.

  3. ืึทื•ื˜ืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ื™ืงืกืคึผืึธื•ื–ื“ ื•ื•ืขื‘ ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืก. ืึธืจืึทืงืœืข ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื’ื•ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ืึท ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจืื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ.
  4. ืื•ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืึธื˜ืึทืžื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ืฆื• ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜. ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืจื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืจื– ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ Oracle. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืึทื– ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืกืคึผืึธืจื˜ืžืึทืกื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึทื“ื–ืฉืขืงืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™.

ืคื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื ื’ื–

ื–ืืœ ืก ืงื™ืฆืขืจ. ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืœื•ื™ืึทืœื˜ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืกืคึผืึธืจื˜ืžืึทืกื˜ืขืจ, ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืจืื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืžืขื ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืึธื˜ืึทืžื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ utPLSQL ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ Stephen Feuerstein. ืึทืจื•ื utPLSQL ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึทื•ื˜ืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ ืงืึธื“ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื’ื–ื™ืœื™ืขืจื™ ื–ื™ืš-ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื–: ืงืึทื˜ืขืจ ืžืึธื“ื•ืœืข, ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื“ื•ืจ ืžืึธื“ื•ืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข. ืึทื•ื˜ืึธื˜ืขืกื˜ืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืœืึธื ื˜ืฉื˜ ื˜ืขื’ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ, ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ื™ืžืคึผืึธืจื˜ืึทื ื˜ืœื™, ื–ื™ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื•ืฆื™ืง. ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืึทื– ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ื“ื™ ืจื™ื–ืึทืœื˜ื™ื ื’ ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ืœื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ืฆื• ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ื•ื•ื• ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ืึธื˜ืึทืžื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ Oracle DBMS.

ืคึผ.ืก. ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ: ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ืึทืงืœื™ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคื™ืœืŸ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืžืข ืื™ื– ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข, ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืคืึธืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ื•ื•ื• ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื–ืขืงืก ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืงืึธื“ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคื™ืœืŸ.

ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื’ืขืฉื˜ืจืื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคึฟืจืื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืคึผืœืขืงื•ื ื’.

ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ื ื™ืฆืขืจืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึธื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืœื™ืง. ืกื™ื™ืŸ ืืจื™ื™ืŸื‘ื™ื˜ืข.

ื–ืืœืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื?

  • ื™ืึธ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื•ื™ืฃ

  • ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื“ืื ืง

12 ื‘ืื ื•ืฆืขืจ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜. 4 ื‘ืื ื•ืฆืขืจ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืืคื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ.

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’