ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–: ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ IBM 1311 ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื˜ืึธื’. ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1

ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–: ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ IBM 1311 ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื˜ืึธื’. ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1
ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ;
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืืŸ,
ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื™ึท ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ.

ืกืคืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืงืงืœืขืกื™ืึทืกื˜ืขืก 1:9

ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืง ื—ื›ืžื” ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืคึผื™ื’ืจืึทืฃ ืื™ื– ืึธื ื•ื•ืขื ื“ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืข, ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืจืึทืคึผืึทื“ืœื™ ื˜ืฉืึทื ื’ื™ื ื’ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ IT. ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜, ืขืก ื˜ื•ืจื ืก ืื•ื™ืก ืึทื– ืคื™ืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืจืฉื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืกื˜ืึทืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื™ืึธืจืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ื ื’ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืฆืœื—ื” (ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื”ืฆืœื—ื”) ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทื ืกื•ืžืขืจ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ B2B ืงื•ื™ืœ. ื“ืึธืก ืื•ื™ืš ืึทืคึผืœื™ื™ื– ืฆื• ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืคึผืึธื ืขื ื ื™ื™ึท-ืคืึทื ื’ื’ืึทืœื“ ื’ืึทื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ ืจื™ืจืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ื’ืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืžื™ื“ื™ืึท, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื˜ืึทืœ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ ืก ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœ.

ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงื•ืงืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคื™ืœืŸ. ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืจื™ืจืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ืคืึธื ืขืก. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ "ืงืœื•ื’" ืžื™ื˜ืœ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืึธืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืงืœืึทื•ื•ื™ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ iPhone, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืก ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ 2007, ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ื˜ื™ืฃ ื˜ืขื•ืช. ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืืคืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืกืžืึทืจื˜ืคืึธื ืข, ืงืึทืžื‘ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ึทื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื™ืคึผืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคึผื“ืึท ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืœ, ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ืขืคึผืœ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฆื• ื™ื‘ื, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืึทื–ืึท ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ืข ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ 23 ื ืื•ื•ืขืžื‘ืขืจ. , 1992 ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ COMDEX ื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืœืขืงืึธืžืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก ืื™ื ื“ื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืข, ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึทืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืึทืก, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืื™ื– ืืจื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืึทืกืข ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 1994.

ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–: ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ IBM 1311 ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื˜ืึธื’. ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1
IBM Simon Personal Communicator - ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื•ื˜ืฉืกืงืจืขืขืŸ ืกืžืึทืจื˜ืคืึธื ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜

ื“ื™ IBM Simon ืคืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืข ืงืึทืžื™ื•ื ืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืจื™ืจืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ื˜ืขืœืขืคืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ืงืœื™ ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืงืœืึทื•ื•ื™ืึทื˜ื•ืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืจื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืš ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืžืฆืึธืข ืงืึทืžื‘ื™ื™ื ื“ ื“ื™ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื˜ืึธืจ, ืึทืœืึทื•ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืฉื™ืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคืึทืงืก, ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ E- ืคึผืึธืกื˜. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง, IBM Simon ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธื ื ืขืงื˜ืขื“ ืฆื• ืึท ืคืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืข ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืงืกืœ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืžืึธื“ืขื ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 2400 ื‘ืคึผืก. ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’, ืึทืจื™ื™ึทืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉื™ื ื™ืึทืก ื•ื•ืขื’: ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ืฆืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ืึท ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืึท ืžื™ื ื™ืึทื˜ื•ืจืข QWERTY ืงืœืึทื•ื•ื™ืึทื˜ื•ืจ, ื•ื•ืึธืก, ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ 4,7 ืื™ื ื˜ืฉืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ืึทื›ืœืึธื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹160 ืงืก 293 ื‘ื™ืœื“ืฆืขืœืŸ, ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ื‘ืึทืงื•ื•ืขื ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ PredictaKey ื™ื ื˜ืขืœื™ื’ืขื ื˜ ืึทืกื™ืกื˜ืึทื ื˜. ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ 6 ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ื•ื•ืึธืก, ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื“ื™ืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื, ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืข ืžืึทืฉืžืึธืขืก.

ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืขืคึผื™ื˜ื”ืขื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ืงืขืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ื™ื– ื“ื™ IBM Simon ืื™ื– "ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜," ื•ื•ืึธืก ืœืขืกืึธืฃ ื‘ืืฉืœืืกืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืคื™ืึทืกืงืึธ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืžืึทืจืง. ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžื™ื•ื ืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืึทืงืข ื‘ืึทืงื•ื•ืขื: ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืง ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืคื™ืจืŸ ืึท ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืคื•ืŸ 200ืงืก64ืงืก38 ืžื ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื™ื ื’ 623 ื’ืจืึทืžื– (ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืฉืึทืจื“ื–ืฉื™ื ื’ ืกื˜ืึทื ืฆื™ืข - ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ 1 ืงื’), ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืจื™ื™ืข ืœืึทืกื˜ื™ื“ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– 1 ืฉืขื” ืื™ืŸ ืจืขื“ืŸ ืžืึธื“ืข ืื•ืŸ 12 ืฉืขื” ืื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ื‘ื™ื™ ืžืึธื“ืข. ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื”ืึทื ื˜, ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืื™ื–: $ 899 ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืœื™ืึทืœืขืจ ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ BellSouth, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืึทืžื˜ืขืจ ืฉื•ื˜ืขืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื‘ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ USA, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ $ 1000 ืึธืŸ ืขืก. ืื•ื™ืš, ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืœืขื’ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ (ืึธื“ืขืจ ืืœื ืืคื™ืœื• ื“ื™ ื ื•ื™ื˜) ืฆื• ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึท ืžืขืจ ื’ืขืจืึทื ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืจื™ื™ืข - "ื‘ืœื•ื™ื–" ืคึฟืึทืจ $ 78.

ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–: ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ IBM 1311 ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื˜ืึธื’. ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1
ื•ื•ื™ืกื•ืึทืœ ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื‘ื ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ, ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ืกืžืึทืจื˜ืคืึธื ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื™ืึธื“ืœืข ืฉื™ืฉืงืข

ืžื™ื˜ ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก, ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื ื’ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืคึผืฉื•ื˜. ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืžื‘ื•ืจื’ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ, ื“ื™ ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืึทื–ืึท ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ืึทื˜ืึทื“ ืฆื• ื™ื‘ื. ื“ืขื 11ื˜ืŸ ืึธืงื˜ืึธื‘ืขืจ 1962 ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืจืคึผืึธืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืึธื ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ืจืขื•ื•ืึธืœื•ืฆื™ืึธื ืขืจืข ื™ื‘ื 1311 ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื. ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื“ืขื ืจื™ืžื•ื•ื•ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืคืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ 14 ืงื™ืœืึธื’ืจืึทืžืก, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื”, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืงืึทืจื˜ืจืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื•ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–, ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื™ืžืคึผืจืขืกื™ื•ื• ืงืึทืกื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึทื˜ืงืขืก.

ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–: ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ IBM 1311 ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื˜ืึธื’. ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1
IBM 1311 - ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ืจื™ืžื•ื•ื•ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–

ืื‘ืข ืจ ืืคื™ืœ ื• ืคื ืจ ืื– ื ื‘ืื•ื•ืขื’ืœืขื›ืงืฒ ื˜ ื”ืื‘ ืŸ ืžื™ ืจ ื“ืืจ ื˜ ื’ืขืžื•ื– ื˜ ื‘ืืฆืืœ ืŸ ืื™ ืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืคื™ืจื•ื  ื’ ืื• ืŸ ืคืขืื™ืงืฒื˜ . ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืกื“ืจ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืžื™ื™ึทื“ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืฉืขื“ื™ืงืŸ, ื“ื™ ื•ื™ืกื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืกื˜ ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 1 ืื•ืŸ 6 ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืกื˜ืจื™ืคึผื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ื™ืง ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ืึท ืคึผืจืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข. ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– 10 ืคึผืœื™ื™ื ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ื™ื ื’, ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืงืึทืคึผืึทืฆื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ื•ื•ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ื“ื™ืกืง ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 2,6 ืžืขื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ: ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืึทื˜ืจืึธืŸ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืจื™ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกื˜ โ…• ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืฉืคึผื•ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ื™ืง ืคื™ืœื ืึธื“ืขืจ 25 ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ืคึผืึทื ื˜ืฉื˜ ืงืึทืจื“ืก, ื‘ืฉืขืช ืคึผืจืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื’ ื˜ืจืึทืค ืึทืงืกืขืก ืฆื• ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ.

ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื ืก, ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืึธื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจืงืœืขื ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’: ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผื™ื ื“ืœ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื”ืื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื“ื•ืกื˜ ืฆื• 1500 ืจืคึผื, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜, ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืกืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืึทืงืกืขืก ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืฆื• 250 ืžื™ืœื™ืกืขืงืึทื ื“ื–. ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš, ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืกื’ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžื™ื˜ืœ, ื“ื™ IBM 1301, ื”ืื˜ ืึท ืฉืคึผื™ื ื“ืœ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 1800 ืจืคึผื ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืกืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืึทืงืกืขืก ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 180 ืžื™ื–. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึทื ืง ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื™ืžื•ื•ื•ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื™ื‘ื 1311 ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืึธืœืงืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึฟื™ืจืžืข ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข, ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืขื ืคึผืœืึทืŸ ืœืขืกืึธืฃ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืขืก ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื‘ืื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืจืขื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ืึท ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข, ืžืื›ืŸ ืขืก ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืจืขื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ. ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื— ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืฆื• ืึทืงืึทืžืึทื“ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™. ื“ืึทื ืง ืฆื• ื“ืขื, ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืึธื ื’ืขืกื˜-ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ืึทืจื“ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ ื™ื™ึทื–ื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืžืึทืจืง ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืกืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ื“ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ 1975.

ื“ืขืจ ืกืึทืงืกืขืกืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื‘ื 1311, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื“ืขืงืก 3340, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ ื™ื ืงืึธืจืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืขื ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื™ืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืจืคึผืึธืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืžืึธื“ืขืœ. ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื’ืขื—ืชืžืขื˜ ืงืึทืจื˜ืจืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื–, ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜, ืฆื• ื ื•ื˜ืจืึทืœื™ื™ื– ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืคึผืขื” ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืจืึทื ืžืขื ืึทืœ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ื™ืง ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืขืก, ื™ื ืงืจื™ืกื™ื ื’ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืจื™ืœื™ื™ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื‘ืื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ืขืกืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืขืจืึธื“ื™ื ืึทืžื™ืง ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืกืขืฅ. ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืžื™ืงืจืึธืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœืœืขืจ ืคืึทืจืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจื˜ืœืขืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืึธื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ื™ืง ืงืขืค, ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ึทื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืขืก ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื‘ืื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืงื™ืขืจืึทืกื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคึผืึทื–ื™ืฉืึทื ื™ื ื’.

ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–: ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ IBM 1311 ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื˜ืึธื’. ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1
ื™ื‘ื 3340, ื ื™ืงื ื™ื™ืžื“ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืฉืขืกื˜ืขืจ

ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜, ื“ื™ ืงืึทืคึผืึทืฆื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึทื˜ืจืึธืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืฆื• 30 ืžืขื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืงืกืขืก ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืงืจื™ืกื˜ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ 10 ืžืืœ - ืฆื• 25 ืžื™ืœื™ืกืขืงืึทื ื“ื–. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืจื™ื˜ืฉื˜ ืึท ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 885 ืงื™ืœืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ ืคึผืขืจ ืกืขืงื•ื ื“ืข. ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึทื ืง ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื™ื‘ื 3340 ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื–ืฉืึทืจื’ืึธืŸ "ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืฉืขืกื˜ืขืจ" ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ืฆืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืื™ื– ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกื™ื™ืžืึทืœื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ืึทืก ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ื•ื•ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึธืš ืื™ื ื“ืขืงืก "30-30". ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜-ื‘ืึทืจื™ืžื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืฉืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืงืก ื”ืื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ื ื“ืขืงืก, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืื™ื– ืึทื– ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืคืึทืœ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื“ื™ืกืงืก ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืึทืคึผืึทืฆื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 30 ืžื‘, ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข - ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื™ืœ ืงืึทืœื™ื‘ืขืจ (0,3 ืื™ื ื˜ืฉืขืก) ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืคึผืกืœ (30 ื’ืจื™ื™ื ื–, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 1,94 ื’ืจืึทืžื–)

ืคืœืึธืคึผืคึผื™ ื“ื™ืกืง - ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืึทื˜ื™ื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–

ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืจื˜ืจืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื™ื‘ื 1311 ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก-ื’ืจื•ื™ืก-ื–ื™ื™ื“ืข-ื–ื™ื™ื“ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–, ื“ื™ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื™ื ืคืึทื ืึทื˜ืœื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ืกื•ืžืขืจ ืžืึทืจืง. ืื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืกื“ืจ ืฆื• ืคืึธืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ื‘ื•ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืจื™ืจืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืžื™ื“ื™ืึท, ืื™ืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืœืขืงืฆื™ืข ืงืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ืจื™ืึท. ื“ืึธืš, ืคึผืึทื ื˜ืฉื˜ ืงืึทืจื“ืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืก ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ "ืคืึทืจ-ื“ื™ืกืง" ื˜ืงื•ืคืข. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืงื•ื™ื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืงืึทื ืกื™ื“ืขืจื™ื ื’ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ื™ืง ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก: ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืคืึธืจืžืึทืœื™ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผื•ืœ ื”ืื˜ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืคืึทืจืžืึธื’ ื•ื•ื™ ืžืึธื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™, ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืึทื– ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ื™ืง ื˜ืึทืฉืžืข ื’ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืกืึทืงื•ื•ืขื ื˜ืฉืึทืœ ืึทืงืกืขืก ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืขื“. ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ. ืื–ื•ื™, "ื•ื•ื™ื™ืš" ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืœืึธื•ืกืึทืกื˜ ืฆื• ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ืกื•ืžืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืขืจื˜ื™ืขืก. ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืืžืช: ืคืœืึทืคึผื™ ื“ื™ืกืงืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืกืึธืœื™ื“, ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–, ื–ื™ื™ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ ืจื™ืคึผื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืจื™ืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทืค - ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืึธื“ืข. ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™.

ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื™ึท ื˜ืจืขื–ืฉืขืจื“ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ, ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ... ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืœืขื’ืึทืžืจืข ืจืขื›ื˜. ื ืึธืš ืึทืœืข, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื‘ื ืœืึทื‘ืึธืจืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ืขืก ืึทื– Alan Shugart ืก ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ื™ืง ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืจืงื™ื™ื•ื• ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืจ ืฆื• ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธื›ืขื“ื™ืง ื˜ืึทืกืงืก. ื ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ื™ื ื–ืฉืขื ื™ืจ ื“ื•ื“ ื ืึธื‘ืœืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 1967 ืขืจ ื“ื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื“ ืึท ืจื™ืžื•ื•ื•ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ื™ืง ื“ื™ืกืง ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคึผืจืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืงื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ื“ื™ืกืง ืคืึธืจ. ืคื™ืจ ื™ืืจ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ, ื™ื‘ื ื‘ืึทืงืขื ืขื  ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ 'ืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืคืœืึทืคึผื™ ื“ื™ืกืง, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืื˜ ืึท ืงืึทืคึผืึทืฆื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 4 ืงื™ืœืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื“ื™ืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 80 ืื™ื ื˜ืฉืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 8 ืื™ื– ื‘ืืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ื“ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืœืึทืคึผื™ ื“ื™ืกืงืก, ื“ื™ ืงืึทืคึผืึทืฆื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 1972 ืงื™ืœืื‘ื™ื™ื˜.

ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–: ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ IBM 1311 ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื˜ืึธื’. ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1
ื™ื‘ื 8-ืื™ื ื˜ืฉ ืคืœืึทืคึผื™ ื“ื™ืกืง ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืึทืคึผืึทืฆื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 128 ืงื™ืœืื‘ื™ื™ื˜

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืคืœืึทืคึผื™ ื“ื™ืกืงืก, ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 1973, ืึทืœืึทืŸ ืฉื•ื’ืึทืจื˜ ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืจืคึผืึธืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืคื™ืจืžืข, ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ Shugart Associates. ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืคืึทืจื ืขืžื•ื ื’ ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ืขืกืขืจืŸ ืคืœืึทืคึผื™ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–: ืื™ืŸ 1976, ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืžืข ื‘ืึทืงืขื ืขื  5,25-ืื™ื ื˜ืฉ ืกืึธืœื™ื“ ืคืœืึทืคึผื™ ื“ื™ืกืงืก ืื•ืŸ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ืคืœืึทืคึผื™ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœืœืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“. ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ Shugart SA-400 ืžื™ื ื™-ืคืœืึธืคึผืคึผื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจืงื•ื™ืคื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ $ 390 ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ $ 45 ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืกื›ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืฆืขืŸ ืคืœืึทืคึผื™ ื“ื™ืกืงืก. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืžืข, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืึท-400 ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื’ืขืจืึธื˜ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜: ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคึผืึธืจื˜ ืงื•ืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืจื™ื˜ืฉื˜ 4000 ื•ื ื™ืฅ ืคึผืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืกืœืขื›ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื– 5,25-ืื™ื ื˜ืฉ ืคืœืึทืคึผื™ ื“ื™ืกืงืก ื’ืขืฆื•ื•ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœืงื™ ืึทื›ื˜-ืื™ื ื˜ืฉ ืงืึทื•ื ืขืจืคึผืึทืจืฅ. ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทืจืง.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹Alan Shugart ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื”ืขืจืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืจืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืœืึทื ื’: ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 1981, ืกืึธื ื™ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืŸ, ื™ื ื˜ืจืึธื•ื“ื•ืกื™ื ื’ ืึทืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืงืœืขื ืขืจืขืจ ืคืœืึทืคึผื™ ื“ื™ืกืง, ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– 90 ืžื ืึธื“ืขืจ 3,5 ืื™ื ื˜ืฉืขืก. ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืคึผื™ืกื™ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜-ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืกืง ืคืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึท ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ HP-150, ื‘ืืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš Hewlett-Packard ืื™ืŸ 1984.

ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–: ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ IBM 1311 ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื˜ืึธื’. ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1
ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืคืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืข ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท 3,5-ืื™ื ื˜ืฉ ื“ื™ืกืง ืคืึธืจ Hewlett-Packard HP-150

ืกืึธื ื™ ืก ืคืœืึทืคึผื™ ื“ื™ืกืง ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื’ืขืจืึธื˜ืŸ ืึทื– ืขืก ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ ืจื™ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกื˜ ืึทืœืข ืึธืœื˜ืขืจื ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืกืึทืœื•ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืจืง, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืขื ืคืึทืงื˜ืึธืจ ื–ื™ืš ืœืึทืกื˜ื™ื“ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ 30 ื™ืืจ: ืžืึทืกืข ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹3,5-ืื™ื ื˜ืฉ ืคืœืึทืคึผื™ ื“ื™ืกืงืก ื’ืขืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ 2010. ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืคึผื•ืœืึทืจื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช:

  • ืึท ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืคึผืœืึทืกื˜ื™ืง ืคืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืกืœื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื’ ืžืขื˜ืึทืœ ื‘ืœืึทื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืœืขืš ืฉื•ืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืกืง ื–ื™ืš;
  • ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ื™ึทื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžืขื˜ืึทืœ ืึทืจื‘ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืœืึธืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืคึผืึทื–ื™ืฉืึทื ื™ื ื’, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืึท ืœืึธืš ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ื™ืง ื“ื™ืกืง, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื•ื™ืš ื”ืื˜ ืึท ื•ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ื•ื™ืง ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืงื™ื™ึทื˜;
  • ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืกืœื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื’ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ, ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฉื•ืฅ ืื™ื– ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“ (ืคืจื™ืขืจ, ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืึทืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื™ืคึผื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ื™ื ื’, ื“ื™ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืงืึทื˜ืึทื•ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคืœืึทืคึผื™ ื“ื™ืกืง ื”ืื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื—ืชืžืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผ).

ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–: ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ IBM 1311 ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื˜ืึธื’. ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1
ื™ื™ื‘ื™ืง ืงืœืึทืกื™ืฉ - ืกืึธื ื™ 3,5-ืื™ื ื˜ืฉ ืคืœืึทืคึผื™ ื“ื™ืกืง

ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทืงื˜ื ืึทืก, 3,5-ืื™ื ื˜ืฉ ืคืœืึธืคึผืคึผื™ ื“ื™ืกืงืก ืื•ื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืคื™ืœ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืงืึทืคึผืึทืฆื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคึผืจืขื“ืึทืกืขืกืขืจื–. ืื–ื•ื™, ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืึทื•ื•ืึทื ืกื™ืจื˜ืข 5,25-ืื™ื ื˜ืฉ ื”ื•ื™ืš-ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคืœืึทืคึผื™ ื“ื™ืกืงืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ 1984, ื›ึผื•ืœืœ 1200 ืงื™ืœืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ. ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข 3,5-ืื™ื ื˜ืฉ ืกืึทืžืคึผืึทืœื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืงืึทืคึผืึทืฆื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 720 ืงื™ืœืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ื™ื™ื“ืขื ื™ืงืึทืœ ืžื™ื˜ 5-ืื™ื ื˜ืฉ ืคื™ืจ-ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคืœืึทืคึผื™ ื“ื™ืกืงืก, ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 1987, ื”ื•ื™ืš-ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ 1,44 ืžืขื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืœืึทืคึผื™ ื“ื™ืกืงืก ืืจื•ื™ืก, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 1991 - ืขืงืกื˜ืขื ื“ืขื“ ื’ืขื“ื™ื›ื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคืœืึทืคึผื™ ื“ื™ืกืงืก, ืึทืงืึทืžืึทื“ื™ื™ื˜ 2,88 ืžืขื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ.

ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทื ื™ืขืก ื’ืขืคืจื•ื•ื•ื˜ ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืงืœืขื ืขืจืขืจ ืคืœืึธืคึผืคึผื™ ื“ื™ืกืงืก (ืœืžืฉืœ, Amstrad ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ 3-ืื™ื ื˜ืฉ ืคืœืึธืคึผืคึผื™ ื“ื™ืกืงืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ZX Spectrum +3, ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ืึธืŸ ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ 2-ืื™ื ื˜ืฉ ืกืคึผืขืฉืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ืคืœืึธืคึผืคึผื™ ื“ื™ืกืงืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื–ืึทื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขื), ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื›ืืคื˜. ืื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืžืึทืจืง ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื“ืขืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืงืึทืœืœื™ ืคื™ืœ ื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–.

Iomega ืก Bernoulli ืงืขืกื˜ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืžืึทื ืึทืก "ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืงืœื™ืงืก"

ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื•ืžื– ืคื•ืŸ ืคืœืึทืคึผื™ ื“ื™ืกืงืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ืงืจืึธื ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืึทืžืึทื•ื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข: ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ืึทืจื“ืก, ื–ื™ื™ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข-ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ, ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืจื•ืคึฟืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ืึทืœืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืคืึธืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื”ืึทืจื˜-ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ืคืึธืจ? Iomega ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืจืึธืœืข.

ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืœ, ื‘ืึทืงืขื ืขื  ืื™ืŸ 1982, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืขื ืข Bernoulli Box. ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืงืึทืคึผืึทืฆื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ (ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืงืึทืคึผืึทืฆื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 5, 10 ืื•ืŸ 20 ืžืขื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ), ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึธืœืงืก ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื•, ืึธืŸ ื™ื’ื–ืึทื“ื–ืฉืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื“ื–ืฉื™ื™ื’ืึทื ื˜ื™ืง ื“ื™ืžืขื ืฉืึทื ื–: "ืคืœืึทืคึผื™ ื“ื™ืกืงืก" ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืžืขื’ืึท ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ืžืขื ืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ 21 ื“ื•ืจืš. 27,5 ืกืขื ื˜ื™ืžืขื˜ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื™ื™ื“ืขื ื™ืงืึทืœ ืฆื• ืึท ื‘ืœืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ A4 ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจ.

ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–: ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ IBM 1311 ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื˜ืึธื’. ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1
ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ืงืึทืจื˜ืจืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ Bernoulli ืงืขืกื˜ืœ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™

ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืžืข 'ืก ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืืจื“ื™ื ื˜ ืคึผืึธืคึผื•ืœืึทืจื™ื˜ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ Bernoulli Box II. ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืžืขื ืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืจื™ื“ื•ืกื˜: ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึท ืœืขื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 14 ืกืขื ื˜ื™ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 13,6 ืกืขื ื˜ื™ืžืขื˜ืขืจ (ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ึทื›ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ 5,25-ืื™ื ื˜ืฉ ืคืœืึธืคึผืคึผื™ ื“ื™ืกืงืก, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขื‘ ืคื•ืŸ 0,9 ืกืขื ื˜ื™ืžืขื˜ืขืจ), ื‘ืฉืขืช ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคื™ืœ ืžืขืจ ื™ืžืคึผืจืขืกื™ื•ื• ืงืึทืคึผืึทืฆื™ื˜ืขื˜: ืคึฟื•ืŸ 20 ืžื‘ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข-ืœื™ื ื™ืข ืžืึธื“ืขืœืก ืฆื• 230 ืžืขื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืงื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืŸ 1993. ืึทื–ืึท ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ: ื•ื•ื™ ื™ื ืขืจืœืขืš ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึผื™ืกื™ (ื“ืึทื ืง ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืจื™ื“ื•ืกื˜ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก, ื–ื™ื™ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ 5,25-ืื™ื ื˜ืฉ ืคืœืึทืคึผื™ ื“ื™ืกืง ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ) ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท SCSI ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“.

ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–: ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ IBM 1311 ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื˜ืึธื’. ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1
ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ืขืจื ื•ืœื™ ืงืขืกื˜ืœ

ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืข ืกืึทืงืกืขืกืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ Bernoulli ืก ืงืขืกื˜ืœ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ Iomega ZIP, ื‘ืึทืงืขื ืขื  ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืžืข ืื™ืŸ 1994. ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืคึผื•ืœืึทืจื™ื–ืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืึทืกื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื ืขืจืฉื™ืคึผืก ืžื™ื˜ Dell ืื•ืŸ ืขืคึผืœ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึธืœื™ื ื’ ZIP ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจืก. ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืžืึธื“ืขืœ, ZIP-100, ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืึทืคึผืึทืฆื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 100 ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืก (ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 663 ืžืขื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ), ื‘ืึธื•ืกื˜ื™ื“ ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 296 ืžืขื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ / s ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจืึทืค ืึทืงืกืขืก ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ 96 ืžื™ืœื™ืกืขืงืึทื ื“ื–, ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธื ื ืขืงื˜ืขื“ ืฆื• ืึท ืคึผื™ืกื™ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท LPT ืึธื“ืขืจ SCSI. ืขืคึผืขืก ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ, ZIP-1 ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืึทืคึผืึทืฆื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 28 ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืก (250 ืžืขื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ) ืืจื•ื™ืก, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื™ืข - ZIP-250, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืžื™ื˜ ZIP-640 ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ZIP-384 ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื’ืึทื˜ ืžืึธื“ืข ( ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึทื•ื˜ื“ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข). ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’, ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ืคืœืึทื’ืฉื™ืคึผืก ืืคื™ืœื• ื’ืขืจืื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ืกื‘ 239 ืื•ืŸ FireWire.

ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–: ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ IBM 1311 ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื˜ืึธื’. ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1
Iomega ZIP-100 ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ืคืึธืจ

ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึทื“ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ CD-R / RW, Iomega ืก ืงืจื™ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ืกืึทื ื’ืง ืื™ืŸ ืึทื‘ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ืึทืŸ - ืคืืจืงื•ื™ืคื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืึทืจืึธืคึผื’ื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ื™ืงืจื™ืกื˜ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืคื™ืจืคืึธื•ืœื“ ื“ื•ืจืš 2003, ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื•ื•ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 2007 (ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื“ื™ ืœื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื“ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ 2010). ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื ื’ื– ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืื•ื™ื‘ ZIP ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืจื™ืœื™ื™ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ ื™ืฉื•ื–.

ื“ื™ ื–ืึทืš ืื™ื– ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก, ื™ืžืคึผืจืขืกื™ื•ื• ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืขื ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™ื ืฉื•ืจื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ ืจืคึผื: ื“ื™ ืคืœืึทืคึผื™ ื“ื™ืกืง ืจืึธื•ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 3000 ืจืคึผื! ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืกื˜ืึธืžืข ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืกื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ืขืจื ืึธื•ืœื™ ืงืขืกื˜ืœ: ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืจืึธื•ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ื™ืง ื˜ืขืœืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืœื•ืคื˜ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืคืœืึทืš ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“, ื“ื™ ืœื•ืคื˜ ื“ืจื•ืง ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืกืง ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคืืจืŸ ื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืกืขื ืกืขืจ (ื‘ืขืจื ืึธื•ืœื™ ืก ื’ืขื–ืขืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทืžืฃ). ื˜ื”ืขืึธืจืขื˜ื™ืงืึทืœืœื™, ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ืจื™ืš ื–ืึธืœ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืžืขืจ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืœืขืš, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจ, ืงืึธื ืกื•ืžืขืจืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคื™ื™ืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืคึผืจื™ืงืจืข ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ ืงืœื™ืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜. ื™ืขื“ืขืจ, ืืคื™ืœื• ื“ืขืจ ืงืœืขื ืกื˜ืขืจ, ื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ื™ืง ื˜ืขืœืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืžืึธื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืจื™ื–ื™ืง ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืงืขืŸ ื™ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืฉืขื“ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ, ื ืึธืš ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ืคึผืึทืจืง ื“ื™ ืึทืงื˜ื•ืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื—ื–ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืื’ืœื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ืงืœื™ืงืก. ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืžืึทืœืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ "ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื“ื–ืฉืึทืก": ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื“ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื’ื– ืื•ืŸ ื™ื ืกืขืจื˜ืึทื“ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืคืœืึธืคึผืคึผื™ ื“ื™ืกืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทืžื™ื“ื–ืฉื“ ืžื™ื˜ืœ, ื ืึธืš ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืจื•ื•ื•ืŸ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืึทื ื™ื•ื–ืึทื‘ืึทืœ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื“ื™ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฆืขื‘ืจืื›ืŸ ื“ื–ืฉื™ืึทืžืึทื˜ืจื™ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืึทืžื™ื“ื–ืฉื“ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืคืœืึทืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืœืึทืคึผื™ ื“ื™ืกืง. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ืึท ืคืœืึทืคึผื™ ื“ื™ืกืง ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื•ืจืจืก ืงืขืŸ ืžื™ื“ "ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ" ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืืก ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืึธืžืขื’ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืงืขืจืคืึทืœื™ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืกืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืœืึทืคึผื™ ื“ื™ืกืงืก, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ืžืึธื“ืขืœืก ืืคื™ืœื• ืงืึธืจืึทืกืคึผืึทื ื“ื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ืืจืขื ื•ื ื’ ืœืึทื‘ืขืœืก ืืจื•ื™ืก.

ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ืึธ-ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ืกืงืก: HAMR ืจืขื˜ืจืึธ ืกื˜ื™ืœ

ืฆื•ื ืกื•ืฃ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืžื™ื“ื™ืึท, ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ื•ื•ื™ ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ืึธ-ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ืกืงืก (ืžืึธ). ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืœืึทืก ืืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ 80 ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 1988 ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ืกืคึผืจืขื“ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ 256, ื•ื•ืขืŸ NeXT ื™ื ื˜ืจืึธื•ื“ื•ืกื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืคึผื™ืกื™ ื’ืขืจื•ืคึฟืŸ NeXT ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื™ืงื•ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžืึทื’ื ืึธื˜ืึธื•-ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ืคืึธืจ ืžืึทื ื™ืึทืคืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืงืึทื ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืกืงืก ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืึทืคึผืึทืฆื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ XNUMX ืžืขื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ.

ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–: ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ IBM 1311 ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื˜ืึธื’. ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1
NeXT ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ - ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืคึผื™ืกื™ ื™ืงื•ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ืึธื•-ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ืคืึธืจ

ื“ื™ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ืึธ-ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ืกืงืก ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทื ืคืขืจืžื– ื“ื™ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืคึผื™ื’ืจืึทืฃ: ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ื™ืง ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ื™ื ื’ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข (HAMR) ืื™ื– ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœื™ ื“ื™ืกืงืึทืกื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’ ืื™ื– ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ 30 ื™ืืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง! ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ืึธื•-ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ืกืงืก ืื™ื– ืขื ืœืขืš ืฆื• HAMR, ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื•ื™ืกื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื ื•ืึทื ืกื™ื–. ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืกืงืก ื–ื™ืš ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืขืจืจืึธืžืึทื’ื ืึทืฅ - ืึทืœื•ื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืžืึทื’ื ืึทื˜ืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ ื˜ืขืžืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจืขืก ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ Curie ืคื•ื ื˜ (ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 150 ื“ื™ื’ืจื™ื– ืกืขืœืกื™ื•ืก) ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืฆื• ืึท ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ื™ืง ืคืขืœื“. ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ื™ื ื’, ื“ื™ ื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืคืœืึทืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืœืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคึผืจืขื”ืขืึทื˜ืขื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืœืึทื–ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืžืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ Curie ืคื•ื ื˜, ื ืึธืš ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึท ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ื™ืง ืงืึธืคึผ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืกืง ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทื’ื ืึทื˜ืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืจืึทืกืคึผืึทื ื“ื™ื ื’ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜.

ื“ืขืจ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’ ืื•ืŸ HAMR ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง-ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืœืึทื–ืขืจ: ืึท ืคึผืึธื•ืœืขืจื™ื™ื–ื“ ืœืึทื–ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืกืง ื˜ืขืœืขืจ, ืฉืคื™ื’ืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืึทื‘ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš, ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ, ืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืกืง. ืกืขื ืกืขืจ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืขื“ ื“ื™ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืคืœืึทืš ืœืึทื–ืขืจ ืคึผืึธื•ืœืขืจืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ. ื“ืึธ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึธื‘ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ Kerr ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ (ืงื•ื•ืึทื“ืจืึทื˜ื™ืง ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธ-ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’), ื“ื™ ืขืกืึทื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืคืจืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืื™ื ื“ืขืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืึธืจืฆื™ืข ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืงื•ื•ืึทื“ืจืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื•ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ื™ืง ืคืขืœื“ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื™ื™ึทื˜.

ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–: ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ IBM 1311 ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื˜ืึธื’. ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1
ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ืึธ-ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ืกืงืก

ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ืึธ-ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ืกืงืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืจื™ืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื–ื™ื’ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืึทื‘ืจื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ WORM (Write Once, Read Many), ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ืžืึธื“ืขืœืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืงื™ื™ืคืœ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ื˜. ื“ื™ ืจื™ืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ึท ืคึผืึทืกื™ื–: ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื™ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืกืง, ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ื™ื ื’ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜, ื ืึธืš ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜. ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’ ื™ื ืฉื•ืจื“ ื’ืขืจืึทื ื˜ื™ื“ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ื™ื ื’ ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ MO ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืขืจ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืœืขืš ื•ื•ื™ ืงื“ืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ื•ื“ืก. ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืขื ืœืขืš ืคืœืึธืคึผืคึผื™ ื“ื™ืกืงืก, ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ืึธื•-ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ืžืขื“ื™ืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ืึทืงืœื™ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื˜ืขื ื™ืง ืฆื• ื“ืขืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ื™ื–ืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ: ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืกื˜ืึทืžืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทื ื™ืึทืคืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจืขืจื–, ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืจื™ืจื™ื™ื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืžืึธืก ืื™ื– ืœืคึผื—ื•ืช 50 ื™ืึธืจ.

ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 1989, ื˜ืึธืคึผืœ-ืกื™ื™ื“ื™ื“ 5,25-ืื™ื ื˜ืฉ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืึทืคึผืึทืฆื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 650 ืžืขื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืจืง, ืคึผืจืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื’ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืกืคึผื™ื“ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 1 ืžื‘ / s ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทืค - ืึทืงืกืขืก ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 50 ืฆื• 100 ืžื™ื–. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืคึผื•ืœืึทืจื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ MO, ืžืขืŸ ืงืขืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืžืึธื“ืขืœืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืจืง ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 9,1 ื’ื™ื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืกืึธืœื™ื“ 90 ืžื ื“ื™ืกืงืก ืžื™ื˜ ืงืึทืคึผืึทืฆื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 128 ืฆื• 640 ืžืขื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ืœื™ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜.

ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–: ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ IBM 1311 ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื˜ืึธื’. ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1
ืกืึธืœื™ื“ 640 ืžื‘ ืžืึทื’ื ืึทื˜ืึธื•-ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ืคืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืœื™ืžืคึผื•ืก

ืื™ืŸ 1994, ื“ื™ ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืคื•ืŸ 1 ืžื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืจื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืคืึธืจ ืจื™ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉื“ ืคื•ืŸ 27 ืฆื• 50 ืกืขื ืก ื“ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคืึทื‘ืจื™ืงืึทื ื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก, ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ืœื™ื™ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™, ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืึท ื’ืึธืจ ืงืึทืžืคึผืขื˜ื™ื˜ื™ื•ื• ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’. ืึทืŸ ื ืึธืš ืžื™ื™ึทืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ืึธ-ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื–ื™ืคึผืก ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคื™ื™ืกื™ื–, ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ATAPI, LPT, USB, SCSI, IEEE-1394a.

ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ืึทืœืข ืึทื“ื•ื•ืึทื ื™ื“ื–ืฉื™ื–, ืžืึทื’ื ืึทื˜ืึธ-ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืง ื”ืื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ืึท ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืกืึทื“ื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ื™ื“ื–ืฉื™ื–. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื‘ืจืึทื ื“ื– (ืื•ืŸ ืžืึธ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคื™ืœืข ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทื ื™ืขืก, ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ Sony, Fujitsu, Hitachi, Maxell, Mitsubishi, Olympus, Nikon, Sanyo ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข) ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™ื ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืคืึธืจืžืึทื˜ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืจ, ื”ื•ื™ืš ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืงืึทื ืกืึทืžืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืŸ ื ืึธืš ืงืึธืึธืœื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ืขื“ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ืื™ืŸ ืœืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืคึผืก. ืฆื•ื ืกื•ืฃ, ืึท ื“ืจื™ื™-ืคืึทืจืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื™ืงืœ ื”ืื˜ ื‘ืื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ื™ื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืื™ื– ืกืึทืœื•ื•ื“ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ื•ืจืš 1997 ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึทื“ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ LIMDOW (Light Intensity Modulated Direct Overwrite) ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืึทืžื‘ื™ื™ื ื“ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืกื˜ืึทื’ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึทื“ื™ื ื’ ืžืึทื’ื ืึทืฅ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืกืง ืคึผืึทื˜ืจืึธืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื™ืจื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข. ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜, ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ืึธ-ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืงืก ื‘ื™ืกืœืขื›ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื– ืคืึทืจืคืึทืœืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’-ื˜ืขืจืžื™ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ, ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื• ืงืœืึทืกื™ืฉ ืœื˜ืึธ ืกื˜ืจื™ืžืขืจื–.

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืคืขืœ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืขืคึผืขืก ...

ืึทืœืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ ืื™ืœื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ื“ืขื ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜, ืึทื– ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื ื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืึท ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžื•ื– ื–ื™, ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืŸ, ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ืœื™ืš. ื™ื‘ื ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืžื“ ืฆื• ื“ื•ืจื›ืคืึทืœ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืึทื‘ืกืึธืœื•ื˜ ืžืึธื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™. ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ืึธ-ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ืกืงืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ ืึธืœื˜ืขืจื ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืฆื• ื”ื“ื“, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคืืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืคืขืกืกื™ืึธื ืึทืœืก ืื•ืŸ ืขื ื˜ื•ื–ื™ืึทืกืฅ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜, ืงืึทื ื•ื•ื™ื ื™ืึทื ืก ืื•ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื™ืœ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืกืข ืงืึทื ืกื•ืžืขืจ, ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืงื•ื™ื ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜. ืฆื• ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืจื™ืœื™ื™ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™. ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื–ื™ืคึผืก, ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึทื“ื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ื™ื“ื–ืฉื™ื–, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืืžืช ืžื™ื™ื ืกื˜ืจื™ื ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื˜ืึทืงืข ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคืœืึธืคึผืคึผื™ ื“ื™ืกืง ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืึท magnifying ื’ืœืื–, ืงื•ืงืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื•ืจืจืก.

ืึทื– ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื ืึทื˜ื™ืจืœืขืš ืกืขืœืขืงืฆื™ืข ืœืขืกืึธืฃ ื“ื™ืžืึทืจืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืจืง ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœืขืœ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ: ืจื™ืžื•ื•ื•ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืžื™ื“ื™ืึท (ืกื™, ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ื™, ื‘ืœื•-Ray), ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– (ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืžืึทื•ื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ) ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– (ืคึฟืึทืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืึทืžืึทื•ื ืฅ). ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข, ืกืึธืœื™ื“ 2,5-ืื™ื ื˜ืฉ ืžืึธื“ืขืœืก ืื™ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืงืึทืกืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื ืกืคึผืึธื•ืงืึทืŸ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ, ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืง ื‘ืคึฟืจื˜ ืฆื• ืœืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืคึผืก. ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืคึผื•ืœืึทืจื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืึธืก-ื™ืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื ืึทืก: ืื•ื™ื‘ ืงืœืึทืกื™ืฉ 3,5-ืื™ื ื˜ืฉ HDDs ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ืคืึทืœ ืงืขืŸ ืงื•ื™ื ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ "ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•", ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืึทื•ื•ืงืข ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืงืึทื ืขืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึทืŸ ื ืึธืš ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืžืงื•ืจ (ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืื™ืจ ื ืึธืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืคื™ืจืŸ ืึท ืึทื“ืึทืคึผื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ) ), ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก 2,5-ืื™ื ื˜ืฉ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ืงืขืŸ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ื ืึธืš ื•ืกื‘ ืงืึทื ืขืงื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข-ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืžืึธื“ืขืœืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ื“ืขื.

ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’, ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืง ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื ื™ืึทื˜ื•ืจืข HDDs ืฆื• PrairieTek, ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจืžืข ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš Terry Johnson ืื™ืŸ 1986. ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ืจื™ื™ ื™ืึธืจ ื ืึธืš ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืคื“ืขืงื•ื ื’, PrairieTek ื™ื ื˜ืจืึธื•ื“ื•ืกื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ 'ืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ 2,5-ืื™ื ื˜ืฉ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืคืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืึทืคึผืึทืฆื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 20 ืžื‘, ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ PT-220. 30% ืžืขืจ ืกืึธืœื™ื“ ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืกืงื˜ืึทืคึผ ืกืึทืœื•ืฉืึทื ื–, ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจ ื”ืื˜ ืึท ื”ื™ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– 25 ืžื, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžืึทืœ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืคึผืก. ืฆื•ื ื‘ืึทื“ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ, ืืคื™ืœื• ื•ื•ื™ ืคึผื™ื™ืึทื ื™ืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ืึทื˜ื•ืจืข ื”ื“ื“ ืžืึทืจืง, PrairieTek ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ืงืึทื ื’ืงืขืจ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืจืง, ืžืื›ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทื˜ืึทืœ ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ื™ื“ื–ืฉื™ืง ื’ืจื™ื™ึทื–. ื ืึธืš ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ PT-220, ื–ื™ื™ ืคืึธื•ืงื™ืกื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื•ืช ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื™ืึทื˜ื•ืจื™ื–ืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ, ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืจื™ืœื™ืกื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ PT-120 ืžืึธื“ืขืœ, ื•ื•ืึธืก, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืงืึทืคึผืึทืฆื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืงืขืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืก, ื”ืื˜ ืึท ื’ืจืขื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– 17 ืžื.

ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–: ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ IBM 1311 ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื˜ืึธื’. ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1
2,5-ืื™ื ื˜ืฉ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ื“ื•ืจ PrairieTek PT-120 ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืคืึธืจ

ื“ื™ ืžื™ืกืงืึทืœืงื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทื– ื‘ืฉืขืช PrairieTek ืขื ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื™ืจื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœืึทืžื™ื˜ืขืจ, ืงืึธืžืคึผืขื˜ื™ื˜ืึธืจืก ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ JVC ืื•ืŸ Conner ืคึผืขืจื™ืคืขืจืึทืœืก ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืึทื ื™ืงื•ื•ืึทืœ ืงืึทื ืคืจืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ. ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ื˜ ืฆื• ื›ืึทืคึผืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืŸ, PrairieTek ืื™ื– ืืจื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืจ ืจืึทืกืข, ืคึผืจื™ืคึผืขืจื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ PT-240 ืžืึธื“ืขืœ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื›ึผื•ืœืœ 42,8 ืžืขื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืื˜ ืึท ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืงืึทื ืกืึทืžืฉืึทืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ - ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– 1,5 ื•ื•. ืื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™, ืืคื™ืœื• ื“ืึธืก ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืจืึทื˜ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜, ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 1991 ืขืก ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ืขืงืกื™ืกื˜ื™ืจืŸ.

ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹PrairieTek ืื™ื– ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืงืœืึธืจ ื’ืขืžืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืึทืœ ืึทื“ื•ื•ืึทื ืกื™ื–, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืง ื–ื™ื™ ืงืขืŸ ื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื ืงืœื™ื™ืžื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืžืึทืจืง ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ื™ืžืœื™ื ืึทืก. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ 90 ืก, ืงืึธื ืกื•ืžืขืจืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืึทืœื™ืข ื“ื•ืจืš ื•ืœื˜ืจืึทื‘ืึธืึธืงืก ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ-ื“ื™ืŸ ืกืžืึทืจื˜ืคืึธื ืขืก, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื ื’ืœืขืš ื ื•ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทื–ืึท ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืฆื• ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ GridPad ื˜ืึทื‘ืœืขื˜, ื‘ืืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš GRiD Systems Corporation ืื™ืŸ 1989: ื“ื™ "ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•" ืžื™ื˜ืœ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ 2 ืงื’ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจืขื‘ ืจื™ื˜ืฉื˜ 3,6 ืกืขื ื˜ื™ืžืขื˜ืขืจ!

ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–: ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ IBM 1311 ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื˜ืึธื’. ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1
GridPad - ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืึทื‘ืœืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜

ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท "ื‘ืขื™ื‘ื™" ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ื˜ืขื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืกืึธืœื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ื•ืขื: ื“ืขืจ ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ืขืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื‘ืขืกืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ื“ื™ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืกืง ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื™ืœ ืžืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื ื’ืœืขืš. ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืจื™ื“ืคึผืึทื“, ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืคืึธืจ: ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืื™ื– ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืื–ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื‘ืึทืจืึทืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืก, ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืฆืึธืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜-ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ื–. ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืขื ืœืขืš ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก, ื“ื™ Toshiba T100X (DynaPad) ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ืืจื•ื™ืก ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื ืก ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ืขืก ื˜ืจืึธื’ื˜ ืึท ืคื•ืœ-ืคืœืขื“ื–ืฉื“ 40 ืžื‘ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืคืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ืจืขื˜. ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื™ "ืจื™ืจืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง" ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 4 ืกืขื ื˜ื™ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ืง ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจ ืขืก ื™ื–.

ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–: ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ IBM 1311 ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื˜ืึธื’. ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1
ื˜ืึธืฉื™ื‘ืึท ื˜ 100ืงืก ื˜ืึทื‘ืœืขื˜, ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืึทืคึผืึทืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ื ืึทืคึผืึทื“

ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืึทืคึผืขื˜ื™ื˜ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืขืกืŸ. ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื™ืึธืจ, ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืจื™ืงื•ื•ืขืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืคืจื™ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื–ื™ื™. ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืคึผืึทืฆื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืžื™ื“ื™ืึท ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ, ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืึทื– ืจื™ืจืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืกืึธืœื™ื“, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคืึธืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ืึทืงืึทืžืึทื“ื™ื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื˜ืขืงืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืฆื™ืง. ืื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืคืึธื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืจืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคื•ื ื“ืึทืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœื™ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ื•ื•ื™ื ื™ืึทื ืก ืื•ืŸ ืขืจื’ืึทื ืึทืžื™ืงืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืคึฟืจื™ื“ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ืคืจืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ IT ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทื ื™ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคืืจื‘ืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืื ื™ื™ื˜ ืงืจืึทืคื˜.

ื“ืึธ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืจื™ื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ ืก ืขืคึผื™ื’ืจืึทืฃ. ื“ื™ ืชืงื•ืคื” ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืจื˜-ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ 1984 ืก: ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืึทื˜ื™ื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืฅ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื™ื ื–ืฉืขื ื™ืจ Fujio Masuoka ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืึธืฉื™ื‘ืึท ืงืึธืจืคึผืึธืจืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื™ืŸ 1988, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขืก, ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื’ื™ืคึผืจืึธ ืคืœืึทืฉื“ื™ืกืง, ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืจืง. ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 16. ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขื›ื ืืœืื’ื™ืฉืขืจ ื ืก ื”ืื˜ ืื ื˜ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ 5000 ืžืขื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืื˜ื, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื– ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ $XNUMX.

ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–: ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ IBM 1311 ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื˜ืึธื’. ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1
ื“ื™ื’ื™ืคึผืจืึธ ืคืœืึทืฉื“ื™ืกืง - ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜ ืกืกื“ ืคืึธืจ

ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื’ืึทื ื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ืขืงื•ื•ื™ืคึผืžืขื ื˜ ืงืึธืจืคึผืึธืจืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ื ื˜ืจืึธื•ื“ื•ืกื˜ 90-ืื™ื ื˜ืฉ EZ5,25x ืกืขืจื™ืข ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ SCSI-5 ืื•ืŸ SCSI-1 ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคื™ื™ืกื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ 2 ืก. ื“ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืคื™ืจืžืข M-Systems ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ, ืžืขืœื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 1990 ืึท ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึธืœื™ื“-ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืคืึทืกื˜ ืคืœืึทืฉ ื“ื™ืกืง (ืึธื“ืขืจ FFD), ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื“ืขืจืžืื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ืึธื ืขืก: ืกืกื“ืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท 3,5-ืื™ื ื˜ืฉ ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงืขืŸ ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 16 ืฆื• 896 ืžืขื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืžืึธื“ืขืœ, ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ FFD-350, ืื™ื– ื‘ืืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ 1995.

ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–: ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ IBM 1311 ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื˜ืึธื’. ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1
M-Systems FFD-350 208 MB - ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืึทื˜ื™ื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ืกืกื“ืก

ื ื™ื˜ ืขื ืœืขืš ื˜ืจืื“ื™ืฆื™ืื ืขืœืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–, SSDs ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคื™ืœ ืžืขืจ ืกืึธืœื™ื“, ื”ืื˜ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ, ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ื™ืžืคึผืึธืจื˜ืึทื ื˜ืœื™, ืงืขื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืœื™ืง ืฆื• ืงืœืึทืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ื•ื•ื™ื™ื‘ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ. ืคึผืึทื˜ืขื ื˜ืฉืึทืœื™, ื“ืึธืก ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ื™ื“ืขืึทืœ ืงืึทื ื“ืึทื“ื™ื™ืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืจื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืจื™ืจืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก, ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ "ืึธื‘ืขืจ": ื”ื•ื™ืš ืคึผืจื™ื™ืกืึทื– ืคึผืขืจ ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทื–ืึท ืกืึทืœื•ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ืึทืงืœื™ ื•ืžืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ืกื•ืžืขืจ ืžืึทืจืง. ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืึธืœืงืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึฟื™ืจืžืข ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข, ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ "ืฉื•ื•ืึทืจืฅ ื‘ืึธืงืกืขืก," ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืคึผืขืจืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ืกืขื ื˜ืขืจืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืึท ืœืึทื›ืึธื“ื™ืž ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืฉื™ื: ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืจืคึผืึธืจืึทืฆื™ืข ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ืฆื• ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื–.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžืึทืจืง ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืœืึทื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ื“ื™ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ืกื•ืžืขืจ ืึธืคึผืฉื ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื™ืžื•ื•ื•ืึทื‘ืึทืœ SSD ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืึทืกื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ืคืึธื˜ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืข, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื“ื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืข ืึท ืึทืงื•ื˜ืข ื“ื•ื—ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึธืœื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข-ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืžื™ื“ื™ืึท. ืจื™ื›ื˜ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš.

ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ 'ืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜ ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืก (ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืงืงืœืขืกื™ืึทืกื˜ืขืก) ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืฆืขืžื‘ืขืจ 1975: ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™ื ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ืึทื“ ื“ื•ืจืš Stephen Sasson, ืึทืŸ ื™ื ื–ืฉืขื ื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืึทืกื˜ืžืึทืŸ ืงืึธื“ืึทืง ืคึฟื™ืจืžืข. ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืึทื˜ื™ื™ืคึผ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ื•ืฅ ื’ืขื“ืจื•ืงื˜ ืงืจื™ื™ึทื– ื‘ืึธืจื“ื–, ืึท ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜ ื‘ืึทืจืึธื•ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธื“ืึทืง ืกื•ืคึผืขืจ 8, ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืึทืฉืžืข ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืขืจ (ืคืึธื˜ืึธ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืขื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ืึทื•ื“ื™ืึธ ืงืึทืกืขืฅ). 16 ื ื™ืงืึทืœ-ืงืึทื“ืžื™ื•ื ื‘ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืžืงื•ืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ื–ืึทืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 3,6 ืงื’.

ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–: ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ IBM 1311 ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื˜ืึธื’. ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1
ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืึทื˜ื™ื™ืคึผ ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ Eastman Kodak Company

ื“ื™ ื”ืึทื›ืœืึธื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืงืงื“ ืžืึทื˜ืจื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื "ื‘ืขื™ื‘ื™" ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– 0,01 ืžืขื’ืึทืคึผื™ืงืกืขืœืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืขืก ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืจืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 125 ร— 80 ื‘ื™ืœื“ืฆืขืœืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคืึธื˜ืึธ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ 23 ืกืขืงื•ื ื“ืขืก ืฆื• ืคืึธืจืขื. ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท "ื™ืžืคึผืจืขืกื™ื•ื•" ืงืขืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืก, ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืจ ืฆื• ื˜ืจืื“ื™ืฆื™ืื ืขืœืŸ ืคื™ืœื ืกืœืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœืข ืคืจืึทื ืฅ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืึทื– ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืฉื™ื, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืคื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ืื ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง. ืžื™ืœืขืกื˜ืึธื ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึธื˜ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืกื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื™ื– ืึทืคื™ืฉืึทืœื™ ื™ื ื“ืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื ืกื•ืžืขืจ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ื™ืง ื”ืึทืœืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืžืข.

6 ื™ืืจ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ, ืกืึธื ื™ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธื“ืึทืง, ืึทื ืึทื•ื ืกื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ 25 ืื•ื™ื’ื•ืกื˜ 1981 ื“ื™ ืคื™ืœืžืœืขืกืก ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขื ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜ ืžืึทื•ื•ื™ืงืึท (ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืึท ืึทื‘ืจื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขื ืงืึทืžืขืจืึท).

ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–: ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ IBM 1311 ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื˜ืึธื’. ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1
ื ืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืึทื˜ื™ื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท Sony Mavica ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜

ื“ืขืจ ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืึทืคึผืึทื ื™ืฉ ืจื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืคื™ืœ ืžืขืจ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข: ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืึทื˜ื™ื™ืคึผ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืึท 10 ื‘ื™ื™ 12 ืžื ืงืงื“ ืžืึทื˜ืจื™ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึธื•ืกื˜ื™ื“ ืึท ืžืึทืงืกื™ืžื•ื ื”ืึทื›ืœืึธื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹570 X 490 ื‘ื™ืœื“ืฆืขืœืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ื™ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืกืึธืœื™ื“ 2-ืื™ื ื˜ืฉ ืžืึทื•ื•ื™ืคึผืึทืงืง ืคืœืึทืคึผื™ ื“ื™ืกืงืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื’ืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 25 ืฆื• 50 ืจืึธืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืกืขืจื™ื™ึท ืžืึธื“ืข. ื“ื™ ื–ืึทืš ืื™ื– ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืจืึทื ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ืขืœืขื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ืข ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ, ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืขื“ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื–ืึทื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขื, ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ื™ืจืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืžืึธืœ, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืคืึทืœ, ื“ื™ ืจืึทื ื”ืึทื›ืœืึธื˜ืข ื“ืจืึทืคึผื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš 2 ืžืืœ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืคืึธื˜ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ ื”ืึทืœื‘ ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœ.

ืกืึธื ื™ ื˜ื›ื™ืœืขืก ืคึผืœืึทื ื ืขื“ ืฆื• ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžืึทืกืข ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ Mavica ืื™ืŸ 1983, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืึทื›ืึธื“ื™ืž ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžืขืจืึทืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ $ 650. ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื™ื ื“ืึทืกื˜ืจื™ ื“ื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื– ืืจื•ื™ืก ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ 1984, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืขื ืคื•ืŸ Mavica MVC-A7AF ืื•ืŸ Pro Mavica MVC-2000 ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ 1986, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžืขืจืึทืก ืงืึธืกื˜ืŸ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืึท ืกื“ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทื’ื ืึทื˜ื•ื“ ืžืขืจ. ื•ื•ื™ ืขืจื™ื“ื–ืฉื ืึทืœื™ ืคึผืœืึทื ื ืขื“.

ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–: ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ IBM 1311 ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื˜ืึธื’. ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1
ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜ Sony Pro Mavica MVC-2000

ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ื“ื™ ืคืึทื‘ื™ืึทืœืึทืก ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืื•ืŸ ื›ื™ื“ืขืฉ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ Mavica ืึทืŸ ืื™ื“ืขืืœ ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืึทื›ืžืึทืŸ ื ื•ืฆืŸ, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก ืึทื–ืึท ืงืึทืžืขืจืึทืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ื™ื“ืขืึทืœ ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, CNN ืจืขืคึผืึธืจื˜ืขืจืก ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื™ Sony Pro Mavica MVC-5000 ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืึทื•ื•ืขืจื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื™ 4 events ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืึทื ืึทื ืžืขืŸ ืงื•ื•ืื“ืจืื˜. ื“ืขืจ ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ื“ ืžืึธื“ืขืœ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ึท ืงืงื“ ืžืึทื˜ืจื™ืฅ, ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ืึท ืœื•ืžืึทื ืึทื ืก ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขื ืกื™ื’ื ืึทืœ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข - ืึท ืงืึธืœื™ืจ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืกื™ื’ื ืึทืœ. ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืขืก ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท Bayer ืงืึธืœื™ืจ ืคื™ืœื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืึธืจื™ื–ืึธื ื˜ืึทืœ ื”ืึทื›ืœืึธื˜ืข ืฆื• 500 TVL. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืžื™ื™ึทืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขืจ ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ ืงืฉืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ PSC-6 ืžืึธื“ื•ืœืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจืš ืจืึทื“ื™ืึธ ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ื˜ ืึธืคื™ืก. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึทื ืง ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืึทื– CNN ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืฆืขื ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืกืึธื ื™ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืขืžื™ ืึทื•ื•ืึทืจื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ื™ื™ึทืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื ื™ื™ึทืขืก ืคืึธื•ื˜ืึทื’ืจืึทืคืก.

ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–: ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ IBM 1311 ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื˜ืึธื’. ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1
Sony Pro Mavica MVC-5000 - ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ Sony ืึท ืขืžื™ ืึทื•ื•ืึทืจื“ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื ืขืจ

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธื˜ืึธื’ืจืึทืฃ ื”ืื˜ ืึท ืœืึทื ื’ ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜ ื™ืึทื–ื“ืข ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข? ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ, ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื•ื ื“ืขืจืœืขืš ืงืึธื“ืึทืง ื“ืงืก 100 ืงืึทืžืขืจืึทืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ืžืื™ 1991. ื ืžืึทื ืกื˜ืจืึทืก ื›ื™ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ-ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜ Nikon F3 HP SLR ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท DCS ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ืคื™ืœื ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ-ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ืงืขืกื˜ืœ ื™ืงื•ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื ื“ืขืจ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืึธื ื ืขืงื˜ืขื“ ืฆื• ืึท ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜ (ืขืก ื”ืื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืึทืงืกืœ ืจื™ืžืขืŸ) ืึท ืงืึทื‘ืœืข.

ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–: ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ IBM 1311 ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื˜ืึธื’. ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1
Kodak DCS 100 ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืขืžื‘ืึทื“ื™ืžืึทื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ "ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทืงื˜ื ืึทืก"

ืงืึธื“ืึทืง ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืึธื“ืขืœืก, ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื•ื•ืขืจื™ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–: ื“ื™ ืงืึธืœื™ืจ DCS DC3 ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืึทืจืฅ-ืื•ืŸ-ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืก DCS DM3. ืึทืœืข ืงืึทืžืขืจืึทืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืจื” ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ืงื•ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืึทื˜ืจื™ืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื”ืึทื›ืœืึธื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹1,3 ืžืขื’ืึทืคึผื™ืงืกืขืœืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ืคืขืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืคืขืจ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืืฉืœืืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืงืกื™ืžื•ื ืึทืœืึทื•ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืึธืžืขืŸ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจื“ื™ืง ืฉื™ืกืขืจื™ื™ึท. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืžืึธื“ื™ืคื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก ืžื™ื˜ 8 ืžื‘ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ืจืขื˜ ืงืขืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 2,5 ืจืึธืžืขืŸ ืคึผืขืจ ืกืขืงื•ื ื“ืข ืื™ืŸ ืกืขืจื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹6 ืจืึธืžืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืึทื•ื•ืึทื ืกื™ืจื˜ืข, 32 ืžื‘, ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึท ืกืขืจื™ืข ืœืขื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 24 ืจืึธืžืขืŸ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืœ ืื™ื– ื™ืงืกื™ื“ื™ื“, ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืกืขืจ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ืฆื• 1 ืจืึทื ืคึผืขืจ 2 ืกืขืงื•ื ื“ืขืก ื‘ื™ื– ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืคืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ืงืœื™ืจื“.

ื•ื•ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ DSU ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™ืงื•ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท 3,5-ืื™ื ื˜ืฉ 200 ืžืขื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืคืึธืจ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ืคึฟื•ืŸ 156 "ืจื•ื™" ืคืึธื˜ืึธืก ืฆื• 600 ืงืึทืžืคึผืจืขืกื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื™ื™ึทื–ื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ JPEG ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ (ืคึผืขืจื˜ืฉืึทืกืขื“ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉื ืึทืœื™), ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืœืงื“ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ื™ื•ื™ื ื’ ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ . ืกืžืึทืจื˜ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืงื•ืจืฅ ื“ื™ืกืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทื ื– ืฆื• ืคืึธื˜ืึธืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืงืึทื ืขืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ืงืœืึทื•ื•ื™ืึทื˜ื•ืจ. ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ื–, ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื•ื•ืึธื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 3,5 ืงื’, ื‘ืฉืขืช ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื•ื•ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื˜ ืจื™ื˜ืฉื˜ 5 ืงื’.

ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ื“ื™ ืกืึธืคืขืงื“ื™ืง ืงืึทื ื•ื•ื™ื ื™ืึทื ืก ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืคื•ืŸ 20-25 ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ื“ืึธืœืœืึทืจืก (ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืงืกื™ืžื•ื ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ), ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 1000 ืขื ืœืขืš ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืืจืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ึท ื™ืืจ, ื•ื•ืึธืก, ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืฆื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ื ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ืฆื™ืขืก, ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆื™ื™ึท ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ื“ืึทืกื˜ืจื™ ืขื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืจื™ืกืขืก. ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืึธืจื˜, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืคืึธื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทื–ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื“ืจื™ื ื’ืœืขืš ื ื•ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืขืจ ืžื™ื ื™ืึทื˜ื•ืจืข ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืžื™ื“ื™ืึท. ืกืึทื ื“ื™ืกืง ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ื˜ ืึท ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ื™ื ื˜ืจืึธื•ื“ื•ืกื˜ ื“ื™ CompactFlash ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืื™ืŸ 1994.

ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–: ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ IBM 1311 ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื˜ืึธื’. ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1
ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทืงื˜ืคืœืึทืฉ ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ืงืึทืจื“ืก ืžืึทื ื™ืึทืคืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืกืึทื ื“ื™ืกืง ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืงืžืงื™ืึท ืึทื“ืึทืคึผื˜ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึทื ืขืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื• ืึท ืคึผื™ืกื™

ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื’ืขืจืึธื˜ืŸ ืึทื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ CompactFlash ืึทืกืกืึธืกื™ืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ, ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ 1995, ื”ืื˜ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ 200 ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ืกืึทืคึผื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทื ื™ืขืก, ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืงืึทื ืึธืŸ, Eastman Kodak Company, Hewlett-Packard, Hitachi Global Systems Technologies, Lexar. ืžืขื“ื™ืข, Renesas ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข, ืกืึธืงืงืขื˜ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ืื ื“ืขืจืข.

ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทืงื˜ืคืœืึทืฉ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืงืึทืจื“ืก ื‘ืึธื•ืกื˜ื™ื“ ืงื•ื™ืœืขืœื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ืžืขื ืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ 42 ืžื ื“ื•ืจืš 36 ืžื ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืจืขื‘ ืคื•ืŸ 3,3 ืžื. ื“ื™ ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ืงืœื™ ืึท ืกื˜ืจื™ืคึผื˜-ืึทืจืึธืคึผ PCMCIA (50 ืคึผื™ื ืก ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 68), ื“ืึทื ืง ืฆื• ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืงืึธืจื˜ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื›ื˜ ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ PCMCIA ื˜ื™ืคึผ ื•ื• ื™ืงืกืคึผืึทื ืฉืึทืŸ ืงืึธืจื˜ ืฉืคึผืขืœื˜ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคึผืึทืกื™ื•ื• ืึทื“ืึทืคึผื˜ืขืจ. ื ื™ืฆืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ, ืึท ืคึผืึทืกื™ื•ื• ืึทื“ืึทืคึผื˜ืขืจ, CompactFlash ืงืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืงืกืœ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืขืจื™ืคืขืจืึทืœ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ื“ื•ืจืš IDE (ATA), ืื•ืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืึทื“ืึทืคึผื˜ืขืจื– ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืขืก ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืกื™ืจื™ืึทืœ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคื™ื™ืกื™ื– (ื•ืกื‘, ืคื™ืจืขื•ื•ื™ืจืข, ืกืึทื˜ืึท).

ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ื“ื™ ืœืขืคื™ืขืจืขืš ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึทืคึผืึทืฆื™ื˜ืขื˜ (ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทืงื˜ืคืœืึทืฉ ืงืขืŸ ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– 2 ืžืขื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ), ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ืงืึทืจื“ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคึผ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึธื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทื›ืžืึทืŸ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทืงื˜ื ืึทืก ืื•ืŸ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ (ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืึทื–ืึท ืคืึธืจ ืงืึทื ืกื•ืžื“ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 5% ืคื•ืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืข ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืขื ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ 2,5. -ืื™ื ื˜ืฉ ื”ื“ื“, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืขืก ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืจื™ื™ืข ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืžื™ื˜ืœ) ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืกืึทื˜ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึทื˜ืฉื™ื•ื•ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคื™ืœืข ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคื™ื™ืกื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึท ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืžืงื•ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื•ื•ืึธื•ืœื˜ื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ 3,3 ืึธื“ืขืจ 5 ื•ื•ืืœื˜ืก, ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ื™ืžืคึผืึธืจื˜ืึทื ื˜ืœื™ - ื™ืžืคึผืจืขืกื™ื•ื• ืงืขื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืœ ืฆื• ืึธื•ื•ืขืจืœืึธืึทื“ืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจ 2000 ื’, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืึทื ืึทื˜ืึทื™ื ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ื‘ืึทืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืœืึทืกื™ืฉ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–.

ื“ื™ ื–ืึทืš ืื™ื– ืึทื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ื˜ืขืงื ื™ืงืœื™ ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ื‘ืืžืช ืงืœืึทืคึผ-ืงืขื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืœื™ืง ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืึทืœื™ื ื’, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ื™ืคืขืฅ ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจื˜ืขื ื™ืง ืฆื• ืึท ืงื™ื ืขื˜ื™ืง ืคึผืจืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ (ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืขืจืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืฆื• 9,8 ืž / ืก 2) ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ 1 ืžื™ืœื™ืกืขืงืึธื ื“, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืœืึทืกื™ืฉ ื”ื“ื“ ืก ืื™ื– ืคืจืึธื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคึผืจื™ืงืจืข ืงืึทื ืกืึทืงื•ื•ืขื ืกืึทื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ื”ื•ื™ื›ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜:

  • ืกืœื™ืคึผื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืกืคึผืœื™ื™ืกืžืึทื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ื™ืง ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืขืก;
  • ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื’ื–, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฆื• ืคืจื™ ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ;
  • ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึทื˜ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขืค ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืคืœืึทืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ื™ืง ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืขืก.

ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื’ืขืคืขืจืœืขืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจ. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืœ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ืขื“ ืคึผืขืจืคึผืขื ื“ื™ืงื•ืœืึทืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื”ืึธืจื™ื–ืึธื ื˜ืึทืœ ืคืœืึทืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื“ื“, ื“ื™ ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ื™ืง ืงืขืค ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืึธืคึผื ื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื˜ืขืœืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืฉืืจืฃ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืคืœืึทืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทื ืงื™ื™ืง, ืจื™ืจื ื“ื™ืง ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจืขื’, ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ื™ืง ื˜ืขืœืขืจ ื ืขืžื˜ ื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืคืœืึทืš ืฉืขื“ื™ืงืŸ. ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื˜ ื•ื•ื• ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืœ ืื™ื– ืคืืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืกืึทืคืขืจื– (ื•ื•ืึธืก, ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’, ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืžืึธืก ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืขื“ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ), ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื• ืžื™ืงืจืึธืกืงืึธืคึผื™ืง ืคืจืึทื’ืžืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ื™ืง ืงืึธื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. ืฆืขื•ื•ืึธืจืคืŸ: ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืึทื’ื ืึทื˜ื™ื™ื–ื“, ื–ื™ื™ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื™ื‘ืขืจืจื•ืง ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืžืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืขื ื˜ืจื™ืคื•ื’ืึทืœ ืงืจืึทืคื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคึผืขืจื™ืคืขืจื™ืข, ืจื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืคืœืึทืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ื™ืง ื˜ืขืœืขืจ, ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคื™ืจื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ / ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืฉืขื“ื™ืงืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทื ืงื™ื™ืง ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืœ ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ื’ืขื ื•ื’, ื“ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืกืขื ืกืขืจ ืื™ื– ื˜ืึธืจืŸ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจ ื’ืึธืจ ืคื™ื™ืœื™ื ื’.

ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืึธื˜ืึธ ืจืขืคึผืึธืจื˜ืขืจืก ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืžืช ื™ืจืึทืคึผืœื™ื™ืกืึทื‘ืึทืœ: ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคื™ืœ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืฆื• ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื˜ื•ืฅ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืึทื ืคึผืจื™ื˜ืขื ืฉืึทืก ืงืึทืจื“ืก ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ืึท ื–ืึทืš ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืงืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ื˜ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ 100. % ืžืึทืฉืžืึธืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืข ืงืจืึทืคื˜ ืงืœืึทืคึผ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืงืึทืจื“ืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืฆื• ื˜ื™ื™ึทืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืœืึทื›ืึธื“ื™ืž ืงืึทื ืกื•ืžืขืจ. ื“ืขืจืคึฟืึทืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืกืึธื ื™ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื“ืึทืžืึทื ื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ื“ื™ ืคื•ื ื˜-ืื•ืŸ-ื“ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืžืึทืจืง ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ Mavica MVC-FD ืงื•ื‘, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขืจืื˜ืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคืึธื˜ืึธืก ืฆื• ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ 3,5-ืื™ื ื˜ืฉ ืคืœืึทืคึผื™ ื“ื™ืกืงืก ืคืึธืจืžืึทื˜ื˜ืขื“ ืื™ืŸ DOS FAT12, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ื ืฉื•ืจื“ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผื™ืกื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜.

ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–: ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ IBM 1311 ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื˜ืึธื’. ื˜ื™ื™ืœ 1
ืœื™ื‘ื”ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜ Sony Mavica MVC-FD73

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ื•ื™ืขืจื˜ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ื‘ื™ื–ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ื™ืึธืจืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ื ื’, ื‘ื™ื– ื™ื‘ื ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจืฒึทื ื’ืขืžื™ืฉื˜. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ืžื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ? ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ื’ืขืœืขื’ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืจื™ื™ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืžืึทื•ื•ื™ืงืึท, ื”ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืขืกื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ Iomega ZIP ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืึท ื˜ืึธืฉื™ื‘ืึท ื˜ 100 ืงืก? ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’ืขืŸ.

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’