ืืืื ืขืจ ืคืื ืื ืืืคึผืืฉ ืกืื ืขืจืืึธืื ืืื ืึทืืข ืื ืึทืคึผืืึทืงืืืฉืึทื ื ืืืึธืก ืืืจ ืืขื ืขื ืืึทืงืึทื ื ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืึทืื ืืืื ืืืืขืจ ืงืจืืืืืจืืึท ืืื ืืืืึทืื ืขืก ืืื ืึท ืืจืื ื-ืฆื-ืืืืขื ืขื ืคืึธืจืขื. ืขืก ืงืขื ืืืื ืืืื ื ืึธื ืึธืคึผืฆืืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืึธืจืืื ื, ืืจืืคึผืื ื ืืื ืคึผืืืืืฉืื ื. ืื ืึทืจืืขื ืืื, ืืื ืืขืึธืจืืข, ื ืืฉืืืง, ืึธืืขืจ ืืืขื ืกืึทืืืืื ื ืขืก, ืคืืืข ืืขืืืขืืึธืคึผืขืจืก ืืึทืื ืึท ื ืืืขืจ ืคืื ืืืกืืืืงืก, ืืืึธืก ืฉืคึผืขืืขืจ ืืจืื ื ืคึผืจืึธืืืึทืงืืืืืืื ืฆื ืืืึทืื. ืืื ืก ืคึผืจืืืืจื ืฆื ืืึทืืจืึทืืื ืคืึทืจืฉืืื ืึธืคึผืฆืืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืึทืืืืื ื ืืขื ืคึผืจืึธืืืขื ืืื ืคืึธืจืืืืืจื ืจืขืงืึทืืึทื ืืืืฉืึทื ื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืฉืืืื ื ืื ืืขืจืกื ืขืคืขืงืืืื ืืืคึผืืึทืืขื ืืืืฉืึทื.
ืคึผืืืืืฉืื ื ืึธืคึผืฆืืข #1
ืื ืกืืืคึผืืึทืกื ืึธืคึผืฆืืข ืืืึธืก ืงืืื ืฆื ืืืื ืื ื ืืื ืึท ืืืึทื-ืืื-ืืืึทื ืืืืึทื ืคืื ืืืื ืจืขืืืืืึทืื ืืื ืืืื ืืขืจืกื ืงืืึทืกืืฉ ืคืึธืจืขื.
ืืื ืก ืืึธืื ืืืื ืึทืคึผืืึทืงืืืฉืึทื ื ืืฆื ืึท ืจืืืืืฉืึทื ืึทื ืืึทืืึทืืืืก. ืืื ืืขื ืคืึทื, ืฆื ืืืืึทืื ืืื ืคึฟืึธืจืืึทืฆืืข ืืื ืืขื ืคืึธืจืขื, ืืืจ ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืฆื ืืืืคื ืฆืืืื SQL ืงืืืืจืื:
- ืืึทืงืืืขื ืจืึธืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืขื ืงืจืึทื ื ืืืึทื.
- ืจืขืืขื ืขื ืื ืืึทื ืฅ ื ืืืขืจ ืคืื ืฉืืจืืช ืงืึธืจืึทืกืคึผืึทื ืืื ื ืฆื ืื ืืืื ืงืจืืืืืจืืึท - ืืึธืก ืืื ื ืืืืืง ืฆื ืืืืึทืื ืืืขืืขืจ.
ืืื ืก ืงืืง ืืื ืืขืจ ืขืจืฉืืขืจ ืึธื ืคึฟืจืขื ื ืืฆื ืึท ืคึผืจืึธืืข MS SQL ืืึทืืึทืืืืก ืืื ืึท ืืืึทืฉืคึผืื ืคึฟืึทืจ 2016 ืกืขืจืืืขืจ. ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืขื ืฆืืืขืง ืืืจ ืืืขืื ื ืืฆื ืื Sales.SalesOrderHeader ืืืฉ:
SELECT * FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader
ORDER BY OrderDate DESC
OFFSET 0 ROWS
FETCH NEXT 50 ROWS ONLY
ืื ืืืืื ืึธื ืคึฟืจืขื ืืืขื ืฆืืจืืงืงืืืขื ืื ืขืจืฉืืขืจ 50 ืึธืจืืขืจืก ืคืื ืืขืจ ืจืฉืืื, ืืืืกืืขืฉืืขืื ืืืจื ืืจืืคื ืืืขืจื ืืึทืืข ืคืื โโืืขืจืฆื, ืืื ืื ืืขืจืข ืืืขืจืืขืจ, ืื 50 ืืขืจืกื ืคืจืืฉ ืึธืจืืขืจืก.
ืขืก ืืืืคื ืืขืฉืืืื ื ืืืืฃ ืื ืคึผืจืึธืืข ืืึทืืข, ืึธืืขืจ ืืึธืื ืก ืงืืง ืืื ืื ืืืจืืคืืจืื ื ืคึผืืึทื ืืื ื / ืึธ ืกืืึทืืืกืืืง:
Table 'SalesOrderHeader'. Scan count 1, logical reads 698, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืืึทืงืืืขื ื / ืึธ ืกืืึทืืืกืืืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืขืืขืจ ืึธื ืคึฟืจืขื ืืืจื ืืืืคื ืื SET STATISTICS IO ON ืืึทืคึฟืขื ืืื ืื ืึธื ืคึฟืจืขื ืจืื ืืืืข.
ืืื ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืืขื ืคึฟืื ืืขืจ ืืืจืืคืืจืื ื ืคึผืืึทื, ืื ืืขืจืกื ืืืื-ืืื ืืขื ืกืืืืข ืึธืคึผืฆืืข ืืื ืฆื ืกืึธืจื ืึทืืข ืจืึธืื ืคืื ืื ืืงืืจ ืืืฉ ืืืื ืื ืฆืืืขืืขืื ืืึทืืข. ืืื ืื ืคึผืจืึธืืืขื ืืื ืึทื ืื ืืขืจ ืจืึธืื ืืขืจืฉืืึทื ืขื ืืื ืื ืืืฉ, ืื "ืืึทืจืืขืจ" ืื ืกืึธืจืืื ื ืืืขื ืืืื. ืืื ืคืืจ, ืึทืืึท ืกืืืืึทืืืึธื ืก ืืึธื ืืืื ืึทืืืืืืึทื, ืึทืืื ืืึธืื ืืื ืื ืืืืื ืึทื ืืื ืืขืงืก ืฆื ืื ืืึธื ืคืื ืึทืืืฉืึทื ืืื ืืขื ืืืื ืื ืจืืกืึธืจืก ืงืึทื ืกืึทืืฉืึทื ืืื ืืขืืืื:
Table 'SalesOrderHeader'. Scan count 1, logical reads 165, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 5, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.
ืืึธื ืขืก ืืื ืืขืืืืจื ืคืื ืืขืกืขืจ. ืืืขืจ ืืขื ืขื ืึทืืข ืคึผืจืึธืืืขืืก ืกืึทืืืื? ืืื ืก ืืืืฉื ืื ืึธื ืคึฟืจืขื ืฆื ืืืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึธืจืืขืจืก ืืื ืื ืืึทื ืฅ ืงืึธืก ืคืื ืกืืืืจืข ืืงืกืืื $100:
SELECT * FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader
WHERE SubTotal > 100
ORDER BY OrderDate DESC
OFFSET 0 ROWS
FETCH NEXT 50 ROWS ONLY
Table 'SalesOrderHeader'. Scan count 1, logical reads 1081, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.ืืืจ ืืึธืื ืึท ืืึธืื ืข ืกืืืืึทืฆืืข: ืื ืึธื ืคึฟืจืขื ืคึผืืึทื ืืื ื ืืฉื ืคืื ืขืจืืขืจ ืืื ืื ืคืจืืขืจืืืงืข, ืึธืืขืจ ืื ืคืึทืงืืืฉ ื ืืืขืจ ืคืื ืืึทืืืฉืืงืึทื ืืืืขื ืขื ืืื ืึผืืขื ืฆืืืื ืืึธื ืืื ืืจืืืก ืืื ืืื ืึท ืคืื ืืืฉ ืืืขืจืงืืงื. ืขืก ืืื ืึท ืืืขื ืืืืก - ืืืื ืืืจ ืืึทืื ืึท ืงืึธืืคึผืึธืกืืืข ืืื ืืขืงืก ืคืื ืึทื ืฉืืื ืืืืืกืืื ื ืืื ืืขืงืก ืืื ืืืืื ืื ืืึทื ืฅ ืคึผืจืืึทื ืคืื ืกืืืืจืข ืืื ืื ืจืืข ืคืขืื, ืืืจ ืืืขืื ืืืืืขืจ ืืึทืงืืืขื 165 ืืึทืืืฉืืงืึทื ืืืืขื ืขื:
CREATE INDEX IX_SalesOrderHeader_OrderDate_SubTotal on Sales.SalesOrderHeader(OrderDate, SubTotal);
ืื ืกืขืจืืข ืคืื โโืืืืฉืคืืื ืงืขื ืขื ืืืื ืคืืจืืืืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืืึทื ื ืฆืืึทื, ืึธืืขืจ ืื ืฆืืืื ืืืืคึผื ืืขืืื ืงืขื ืืืึธืก ืืื ืืืืื ืฆื ืืืืกืืจืืงื ืืึธ ืืขื ืขื:
- ืึทืืื ื ืงืืื ื ืืึทืข ืงืจืืืขืจืืึธื ืึธืืขืจ ืกืึธืจื ืกืืจ ืฆื ืึท ืืืื ืึธื ืคึฟืจืขื ืงืขื ืขื ืืึธืื ืึท ืืึทืืืืืืง ืคึผืจืึทื ืืืืฃ ืื ืืืืงืืึทื ืคืื ืื ืืืื ืึธื ืคึฟืจืขื.
- ืึธืืขืจ ืืืื ืืืจ ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืฆื ืึทืจืึธืคึผืจืขืืขื ืขื ืืืืื ืืืื ืคืื ืื ืืึทืื, ืืื ื ืื ืึทืืข ืื ืจืขืืืืืึทืื ืืืึธืก ืืืืึทืื ืื ืืืื ืืขืจืืื ืขื, ืขืก ืืขื ืขื ืคืืืข ืืืขืื ืฆื ืึทืคึผืืึทืืืื ืึทืืึท ืึท ืึธื ืคึฟืจืขื.
ืืึธืืืจ ืืืฆื ืืืืขืจืืืื ืฆื ืืขืจ ืฆืืืืืืขืจ ืึธื ืคึฟืจืขื, ืืืึธืก ืืื ืืขืจืืึธื ื ืืขืืืึธืจื ืืฒึทื ืึธื ืืืื - ืืขืจ ืืืึธืก ืฆืืืื ืื ืฆืึธื ืจืขืงืึธืจืืก ืืืึธืก ืืึทืคืจืืืืงื ืืขื ืืืื ืงืจืืืขืจืืข. ืืึธืืืจ ื ืขืืขื ืื ืืขืืืข ืืืืฉืคึผืื - ืืืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึธืจืืขืจืก ืืืึธืก ืืขื ืขื ืืขืจ ืืื $ 100:
SELECT COUNT(1) FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader
WHERE SubTotal > 100
ืืขืืขืื ืื ืงืึธืืคึผืึธืกืืืข ืืื ืืขืงืก ืื ืืขืืืืื ืืืืื, ืืืจ ืืึทืงืืืขื:
Table 'SalesOrderHeader'. Scan count 1, logical reads 698, physical reads 0, read-ahead reads 0, lob logical reads 0, lob physical reads 0, lob read-ahead reads 0.ืืขืจ ืคืึทืงื ืึทื ืื ืึธื ืคึฟืจืขื ืืืื ืืืจื ืื ืืื ืฆืข ืืื ืืขืงืก ืืื ื ืืฉื ืืืืืฉ, ืืืืึทื ืื ืกืืืืึธืืึทื ืคืขืื ืืื ื ืืฉื ืืื ืืขืจ ืขืจืฉืืขืจ ืฉืืขืืข, ืึทืืื ืื ืึธื ืคึฟืจืขื ืงืขื ื ืืฉื ื ืืฆื ืขืก. ืืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืืืขื ืืื ืกืึทืืืื ืืืจื ืึทืืื ื ืื ืื ืืขืจ ืืื ืืขืงืก ืืืืฃ ืื ืกืืืืึธืืึทื ืคืขืื, ืืื ืืื ืึท ืจืขืืืืืึทื ืขืก ืืื ืืืืื 48 ืืึทืืืฉืืงืึทื ืืืืขื ืขื.
ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืืขืื ืึท ืืืกื ืืขืจ ืืืืฉืคืืื ืคืื ืจืืงืืืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึทืื ืืื ื ืงืืืึทื ืืึทืืื, ืึธืืขืจ ืื ืขืกืึทื ืก ืืืืืื ืื ืืขืืืข: ืืืงืืืขื ืึท ืฉืืืง ืคืื ืืึทืื ืืื ืงืึทืื ืืื ื ืื ืืึทื ืฅ ืกืืืข ืืขื ืขื ืฆืืืื ืคืึทื ืืึทืืขื ืืึทืื ืคืึทืจืฉืืืขื ืข ืจืืงืืืขืก, ืืื ืืขืืขืจ ืืึทืจืฃ ืืืื ืืืืืขื ืข ืืืืืขื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืคึผืืึทืืึทืืืืฉืึทื. ืืื ืึทืืืขืืืื, ืืืจ ืืืขื ื ืืฉื ืงืขื ืขื ืฆื ืืขืคึฟืื ืขื ืึท ืงืึธืืืื ืึทืฆืืข ืคืื โโืื ืืขืงืกืื ืืืึธืก ืึทืจืืขื ืืืืึทื ืืขืืื ื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืืืืข ืคึฟืจืืื.
ืืขืจืืืขืจ, ืืืื ืขืจ ืคืื ืื ืืืืืืืง ืืืืขืจืคืขื ืืฉื ืืืึธืก ืืึธื ืืืื ืงืืขืจืึทืคืืื ืืืขื ืืขืืืขืืึธืคึผืื ื ืึทืืึท ืึท ืืืื ืืืืืื ื ืืื ืฆื ืขืก ืืื ืืึทืงืข ืืืืืืืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืืขืฉืขืคื ืฆื ืืขื ืื ืืึทื ืฅ ื ืืืขืจ ืคืื ืึทืืืืฉืขืงืฅ ืืขืคึฟืื ืขื. ืขืก ืึธืคื ืืึทืคึผืึทื ื ืึทื ื ืื. ืืื ื ืึทืืืืืึทืฆืืข ืืืจื ืกืคึผืขืฆืืคืืฉ ืืืึทื ื ืืืขืจื, ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืื ื, ืืื ืึท ืืืืืื ื ืืื ืึท ืืืืขืจ ืฉืืึธื ืคืึทืจื ืขื, ืืืืึทื ืจืืึฟ ืคึผืืืืืฉืื ื ืกืื ืขืจืืึธืื ืงืืง ืืื "ืืืื ืฆื ืืขืจ ืืืืึทืืขืจ ืืืึทื."
ืคึผืืืืืฉืื ื ืึธืคึผืฆืืข #2
ืืื ืก ืืืขืจื ืขืืขื ืึทื ืืกืขืจืก ืืึธื ื ืื ืืึธืจืื ืืืขืื ืืืืกื ืื ืืึทื ืฅ ื ืืืขืจ ืคืื ืึทืืืืฉืขืงืฅ ืืขืคึฟืื ืขื. ืืึธืืืจ ืคึผืจืืืืจื ืฆื ืคืึทืจืคึผืึธืฉืขืืขืจื ืืขื ืืื ืืืึทื:
ืืื ืคืึทืงื, ืื ืืืืื ืืึทื ืืืึธืก ืืื ืืขืืืื ืืื ืึทื ืขืก ืืื ืงืืื ืืืขื ืฆื ื ืึทืืืืืืจื ืฆื ืกืคึผืขืฆืืคืืฉ ืืืึทื ื ืืืขืจื, ืืื ืืืฆื ืืขืจ ืืืฉ ืืื ื ืืฉื ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืฆื ืืืืกื ืืื ืคืืืข ืขืก ืงืขื ืขื ืืืื ืฆื ืืืืึทืื ืขืก. ืึธืืขืจ, ืื ืงืฉืื ืขืจืืืืึทื - ืืื ืงืขื ืืขืจ ืืืฉ ืืืืกื ืืืื ืขืก ืืขื ืขื ืืึทืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ืืืืึทืืขืจ ืืืึทื (ืืื ืกืืจ ืฆื ืืืืึทืื ืื ืืื ืง "ืืืืึทืืขืจ" ืจืืืืืง)?
ืืขืจ ืขื ืืคืขืจ ืืื ืืืืขืจ ืคึผืฉืื: ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืืืืขื ืขื ืคึฟืื ืื ืืึทืืึทืืืืก ืืืื ืขืจ ืืขืจ ืจืขืงืึธืจื ืืื ืืืจ ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืืืึทื, ืืื ืื ืืืึทืืืึทื ืคืื ืืขื "ื ืึธื" ืจืขืงืึธืจื ืืืขื ืืืืึทืื ืฆื ืขืก ืืื ืึท ืืืืึทืืขืจ ืืืง. ืืขื ืืืขื, ืืืจ ื ืึธืจ ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืฆื ืืืืคื ืืืื ืืขืื ืฆื ืืึทืงืืืขื ืืืื ืืืึทื ืคืื ืืึทืื, ืืืึธืก ืืืืืืืืง ืืืคึผืจืืืื ืคืึธืจืฉืืขืืื ื ืืื ืืืื ืขืก ืืจืื ืืขืจ ืฆื ืฉืืืฆื ืึทืืึท ืคืึทื ืืงืฉืึทื ืึทืืืื. ืืื ืืืื ืคืืจ, ืขืก ืืื ืืขืืืขื ืึท ืคืึทื ืืืขื ืจืืคืืืืื ื ืฆื ืฆืืืื ืื ืืึทื ืฅ ื ืืืขืจ ืคืื ืจืขืงืึธืจืืก ืกืคึผืืื ืื ืขืงืกืคึผืจืขืก ืคืื ืจืขืืืืืึทืื ืืื 4-5 ืืื.
ืขืก ืืขื ืขื ืขืืืขืืข ืืึทื ืืฆืขืจ ืฆืืืื ื ืึธืคึผืฆืืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืขื ืฆืืืึทื ื: "ืฆืืจืืง" ืืื "ืคืึธืจืืืก" ืงืึทืืึทื ืื, ืืื ืืื ืืขื ืืืึทืฉืคึผืื ืืืืื, ืึท "ืืึธืื ืืขืจ" ืงื ืขืคึผื, ืืืึธืก ืคืฉืื ืืืกืืฃ ืึท ื ืืึทืข ืืืง ืฆื ืื ืืขืืืืื ืจืขืืืืืึทืื, "ืื ืคืื ืื ืืขืืืืข", ืืืึธืก ืึทืจืืขื ืืืืฃ ืืขื ืคึผืจืื ืฆืืคึผ ืคืื "ืืึทืกืข ืืขืจ" ", ืึธืืขืจ ืืขืจ ืกืืื ืึทื ืฆื ืืึทืงืืืขื ืื ืืืืึทืืขืจ ืืืง ืืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืขืจ ืืึทื ืืฆืขืจ ืฆื ืืขืืืืข ืึทืืข ืื ืืขืืืืื ืจืขืืืืืึทืื ืฆื ืื ืกืืฃ. ืืืขืืืขืจ ืื ืืืืืฉืึทืืืึทื ืืืืืื ื, ืืขืจ ืคึผืจืื ืฆืืคึผ ืคืื ืืึทืื ืืืกืืขืจืื ื ืืืืืื ืืขืจ ืืขืืืืงืขืจ.
ื ืืึทื ืกืื ืคืื ืคึผืึทืืื ื ืืืคึผืืึทืืขื ืืืืฉืึทื
ืึทืืข ืื ืึธื ืคึฟืจืขื ืืืืฉืคืืื ืืืืื ื ืืฆื ืื "ืึธืคืกืขื + ืฆืืืื" ืฆืืืึทื ื, ืืืขื ืื ืึธื ืคึฟืจืขื ืืื ืกืคึผืขืฆืืคืืฆืืจื ืืื ืืืึธืก ืกืืจ ืื ืจืขืืืืืึทื ืจืึธืื ืืื ืืื ืคืืืข ืจืึธืื ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืฆื ืืืื ืืืืืขืงืขืจื. ืขืจืฉืืขืจ, ืืึธืื ืก ืงืืง ืืื ืืื ืืขืกืืขืจ ืฆื ืึธืจืืึทื ืืืืจื ืคึผืึทืจืึทืืขืืขืจ ืืืื ืคืืจืืื ืืื ืืขื ืคืึทื. ืืื ืคืืจ, ืืื ืืึธืื ืืขืคึฟืื ืขื ืขืืืขืืข ืืขืืืึธืืก:
- ืื ืกืืจืืึทื ื ืืืขืจ ืคืื ืื ืืขืืขืื ืืืึทื (ืคึผืึทืืขืื ืืขืงืก), ืืืึทื ืืจืืืก (ืคึผืึทืืขืกืืื).
- ืื ืกืืจืืึทื ื ืืืขืจ ืคืื ืืขืจ ืขืจืฉืืขืจ ืจืขืงืึธืจื ืฆื ืืืื ืืืืืขืงืขืจื (ืกืืึทืจืืื ืืขืงืก), ืื ืืึทืงืกืืืื ื ืืืขืจ ืคืื ืจืขืงืึธืจืืก ืืื ืืขืจ ืจืขืืืืืึทื (ืฆืืืื).
- ืื ืกืืงืืืึทื ืก ื ืืืขืจ ืคืื ืืขืจ ืขืจืฉืืขืจ ืจืขืงืึธืจื ืฆื ืืืื ืืืืืขืงืขืจื (ืกืืึทืจืืื ืืขืงืก), ืื ืกืืงืืืึทื ืก ื ืืืขืจ ืคืื ืื ืืขืฆืืข ืจืขืงืึธืจื ืฆื ืืืื ืืืืืขืงืขืจื (ืขื ืืื ืืขืงืก).
ืืื ืขืจืฉืืขืจ ืืืืง ืขืก ืงืขื ืืืกืงืืืขื ืึทื ืืึธืก ืืื ืึทืืื ืขืืขืืขื ืืึทืจ ืึทื ืขืก ืืื ืงืืื ืืืืืง. ืึธืืขืจ ืืึธืก ืืื ื ืืฉื ืึทืืื - ืื ืืขืจืกื ืืึทืงืืืขื ืืื ืื ืืืืขืจืกืึทื ืึธืคึผืฆืืข ืืื ืื ืจืืข (ืกืืึทืจืืื ืืขืงืก, ืฆืืืื). ืขืก ืืขื ืขื ืขืืืขืืข ืกืืืืช ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืขื:
- ืืขืจ ืขืจืฉืืขืจ ืึธืคึผืฆืืข ืืื ืคึผืึทืืขืื ืืขืงืก ืืื ืคึผืึทืืขืกืืื ืืื ืืึธืจ ืืืืึทืงืืืขื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื +1 ืคึผืึธืืืฆืืข ืคึผืจืึธืืจืืืื ื ืฆืืืึทื ื ืืืืื. ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืืึทืฉืคึผืื, ืืืจ ืืืืื ืฆื ืืืืึทืื 50 ืืืืขืืช ืคึผืขืจ ืืืึทื. ืืืื ืื ืึทืืืขืจืืืึทื ืืืืื, ืืืจ ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืฆื ืืืืขื ืขื ืึท ืจืขืงืึธืจื ืืขืจ ืืื ื ืืืืืง. ืืืื ืืึธืก "+1" ืืื ื ืืฉื ืืืคึผืืึทืืขื ืึทื ืืืืฃ ืื ืกืขืจืืืขืจ, ืขืก ืืืจื ืก ืืืืก ืึทื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืขืจ ืขืจืฉืืขืจ ืืืึทื ืืืจ ืืืื ืืขืื ืจืขืงืึธืจืืก ืคืื 1 ืฆื 51, ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ืจืืข - ืคืื 51 ืฆื 101, ืืื"ื ื. ืืืื ืืืจ ืกืคึผืขืฆืืคืืฆืืจื ืึท ืืืึทื ืืจืืืก ืคืื 51 ืืื ืคืึทืจืืจืขืกืขืจื ืื ืืืึทื ืื ืืขืงืก, ืื ืจืืข ืืืึทื ืืืขื ืฆืืจืืงืงืืืขื ืคืื 52 ืฆื 102, ืขืืง. ืึทืงืงืึธืจืืื ืืื, ืืื ืืขืจ ืขืจืฉืืขืจ ืึธืคึผืฆืืข, ืืขืจ ืืืืื ืืืขื ืฆื ืจืขืื ืื ืกืืจืืืขื ื ืึท ืงื ืขืคึผื ืฆื ืืืื ืฆื ืืขืจ ืืืืึทืืขืจ ืืืึทื ืืื ืฆื ืงืึธื ืืจืึธืืืจื ืื ืกืขืจืืืขืจ "ืขืงืกืืจืข" ืฉืืจื, ืืืึธืก ืืืขื ืืืื ืึท ืืืืขืจ ืืืคึผืืืกืึทื ื ืืึทื ืก.
- ืื ืืจืื ืึธืคึผืฆืืข ืืื ื ืืฉื ืืึทืื ืืื ืขื ืืื ืึทืืข, ืืืืึทื ืฆื ืืืืคื ืงืืืืจืื ืืื ืจืืึฟ ืืึทืืึทืืืืกืื ืืืจ ืืืขื ื ืึธื ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืฆื ืคืึธืจื ืื ืฆืืืื ืืื ืืื ืื ืืื ืืขืงืก ืคืื ืื ืืขืฆืืข ืจืขืงืึธืจื. ืึทืจืึธืคึผืจืขืืขื ืขื ืกืืึทืจืืื ืืขืงืก ืคึฟืื ืขื ืืื ืขืงืก ืงืขื ืืืื ืึท ืคึผืฉืื ืึทืจืืืืขืืืง ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆืืข, ืึธืืขืจ ืขืก ืืื ืืืขืจืืง ืืึธ.
ืืืฆื ืืืจ ืืึธื ืืึทืฉืจืืึทืื ืื ืืืกืึทืืืืึทื ืืืืืฉืื ืคืื ืืืคึผืืึทืืขื ืื ื ืคึผืืืืืฉืื ื ืืืจื "ืึธืคืกืขื + ืงืืืึทื ืืืื":
- ืจืืืจืืืืื ื ืืขืืขืจ ืกืึทืืกืึทืงืืืึทื ื ืืืึทื ืืืขื ืืืื ืืขืจ ืืืึทืขืจ ืืื ืกืืึธืืขืจ ืืื ืื ืคืจืืขืจืืืงืข, ืืืืึทื ืื ืืึทืืึทืืืืก ืืืขื ื ืึธื ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืฆื ืืืื ืืืจื ืึทืืข ืื ืจืขืงืึธืจืืก "ืคึฟืื ืื ืึธื ืืืื" ืืืื ืื ืืืื ืืื ืกืึธืจืืื ื ืงืจืืืืืจืืึท, ืืื ืืึทื ืืึทืืื ืื ืืขืืขืื ืคืจืึทืืืขื ื.
- ื ืื ืึทืืข DBMS ืงืขื ืขื ืฉืืืฆื ืืขื ืฆืืืึทื ื.
ืขืก ืืขื ืขื ืึทืืืขืจื ืึทืืืืืขืก, ืึธืืขืจ ืืื ืืขื ืขื ืืืื ืืืคึผืขืจืคืืงื. ืืขืจ ืขืจืฉืืขืจ ืคืื ืื ืึทืคึผืจืึธืืืฉืื ืืื ืืขืจืืคื "ืงืืืกืขื ืคึผืืืืืฉืื ื" ืึธืืขืจ "ืืืื ืืืคึฟื" ืืื ืืื ืืื ืืืื: ื ืึธื ืืืงืืืขื ืึท ืืืง, ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืืขืืขื ืงืขื ืื ืคืขืื ืืืึทืืืขืก ืืื ืื ืืขืฆืืข ืจืขืงืึธืจื ืืืืฃ ืืขื ืืืึทื, ืืื ืืขืจื ืึธื ื ืืฆื ืืื ืฆื ืืึทืงืืืขื ืืขืจ ืืืืึทืืขืจ ืืืง. ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืืึทืฉืคึผืื, ืืืจ ืืืืคื ืื ืคืืืืขื ืืข ืึธื ืคึฟืจืขื:
SELECT * FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader
ORDER BY OrderDate DESC
OFFSET 0 ROWS
FETCH NEXT 50 ROWS ONLY
ืืื ืืื ืื ืืขืฆืืข ืจืขืงืึธืจื ืืืจ ืืึทืงืืืขื ืื ืืืขืจื ืคืื ืื ืกืืจ ืืึธื '2014-06-29'. ืืขืจื ืึธื ืฆื ืืึทืงืืืขื ืื ืืืืึทืืขืจ ืืืึทื ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืคึผืจืืืืจื ืฆื ืืึธื ืืึธืก:
SELECT * FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader
WHERE OrderDate < '2014-06-29'
ORDER BY OrderDate DESC
OFFSET 0 ROWS
FETCH NEXT 50 ROWS ONLY
ืืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืืืขื ืืื ืึทื ืึธืจืืขืจืืึทืืข ืืื ืึท ื ืื-ืืื ืฆืืง ืคืขืื ืืื ืื ืฆืืฉืืึทื ื ืกืคึผืขืกืืคืืขื ืืืืื ืืื ืืกืชึผืื ืฆื ืคืึทืจืคืืจื ืึท ืคึผืืึทืฅ ืคืื ืคืืจืืื ืื ืจืึธืื. ืฆื ืืืืื ืึทืืืืืืืึทืื ืฆื ืืขื ืึธื ืคึฟืจืขื, ืืืจ ืืึทืจืคึฟื ืฆื ืืืืื ืึท ืืื ืฆืืง ืคืขืื ืฆื ืื ืฆืืฉืืึทื ื (ื ืขืืขื ืึทื 75074 ืืื ืื ืืขืฆืืข ืืืขืจื ืคืื ืื ืขืจืฉืืืง ืฉืืืกื ืคึฟืื ืืขืจ ืขืจืฉืืขืจ ืืืง):
SELECT * FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader
WHERE (OrderDate = '2014-06-29' AND SalesOrderID < 75074)
OR (OrderDate < '2014-06-29')
ORDER BY OrderDate DESC, SalesOrderID DESC
OFFSET 0 ROWS
FETCH NEXT 50 ROWS ONLY
ืืขืจ ืึธืคึผืฆืืข ืืืขื ืึทืจืืขืื ืจืืืืืง, ืึธืืขืจ ืืื ืึทืืืขืืืื ืขืก ืืืขื ืืืื ืฉืืืขืจ ืฆื ืึทืคึผืืึทืืืื ืืื ื ืื ืฆืืฉืืึทื ื ืึผืืื ืึทื OR ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืืึธืจ. ืืืื ืื ืืืขืจื ืคืื ืื ืขืจืฉืืืง ืฉืืืกื ืื ืงืจืืกืื ืืื ืึธืจืืขืจืืึทืืข ืื ืงืจืืกืื, ืื ืฆืืฉืืึทื ื ืงืขื ืขื ืืืื ืกืืืคึผืืึทืคืืื ืืืจื ืืึธืื ืืืืื ืึท ืคืืืืขืจ ืืืจื SalesOrderID. ืึธืืขืจ ืืืื ืขืก ืืื ืงืืื ืฉืืจืขื ื ืงืึธืจืึทืืืืฉืึทื ืฆืืืืฉื ืื ืืืึทืืืขืก ืคืื ืื ืขืจืฉืืืง ืฉืืืกื ืืื ืื ืคืขืื ืืืจื ืืืึธืก ืืขืจ ืจืขืืืืืึทื ืืื ืืืืกืืขืฉืืขืื, ืืขื ืึธืืขืจ ืงืขื ืขื ื ืื ืืืื ืึทืืืืืืึทื ืืื ืจืืึฟ ืืืืก. ืึท ืืืกื ืขื ืืื ืืื ืึทืืืขืจ ืคืื ืืื PostgreSQL, ืืืึธืก ืืึธืจ ืฉืืืฆื ืืืคึผืืข ืคืึทืจืืืืึทื, ืืื ืื ืืืืื ืฆืืฉืืึทื ื ืงืขื ืขื ืืืื ืืขืฉืจืืื ืืื "WHERE (OrderDate, SalesOrderID) <('2014-06-29', 75074)". ืืขืืขืื ืึท ืงืึธืืคึผืึธืกืืืข ืฉืืืกื ืืื ืื ืฆืืืื ืคืขืืืขืจ, ืึท ืึธื ืคึฟืจืขื ืืื ืืึธืก ืืึธื ืืืื ืืึทื ืฅ ืืจืื ื.
ื ืฆืืืืืืข ืื ืืขืจ ืืจืืจื ืฆืืืึทื ื ืงืขื ืขื ืืืื ืืขืคึฟืื ืขื, ืืืฉื, ืืื ืึธืืขืจ - ืืืขื ืึท ืืงืฉื, ืืื ืึทืืืฉืึทื ืฆื ืืึทืื, ืงืขืจื ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆืืขื ืืืืขื ืืืืขื ืืื ืืืึธืก ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืืึทืงืืืขื ืื ืืืืึทืืขืจ ืืืง ืคืื ืืึทืื. ืืืื ืืขืจ ืืืืขื ืืืคืืฆืืจื ืืื ืึท ืึทื ืืืืึทืืึทื ืืขืื (ืืื ืืื Comsos DB), ืืึธืก ืืื ืึท ืืจืืืก ืืืขื ืฆื ืื ืกืืจืืืขื ื ืคึผืืืืืฉืื ื ืืื ืกืึทืงืืืขื ืืฉืึทื ืืืขืจืืึทื ื ืฆืืืืฉื ืืืขืืขืจ (ืึธืคึผืฆืืข #2 ืืขืจืืื ื ืืืืื). ืื ืืขืืืขื ืืืกืึทืืืืึทื ืืืืืฉืื: ืขืก ืืื ื ืืฉื ืืขืฉืืืฆื ืืื ืึทืืข ืืืืก; ืื ืจืืืึทืืืื ื ืืืืึทืืขืจ-ืืฉืื ืง ืืืืขื ืึทืคืืื ืงืขื ืืึธืื ืึท ืืืืืืขื ืืขืื, ืืืึธืก ืืื ืืืื ื ืืฉื ืคึผืึทืกืืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืืคึผืืึทืืขื ืื ื ืืึทื ืืฆืขืจ ืื ืืขืจืึทืงืฉืึทื (ืึทืืึท ืืื ืื ElasticSearch ืืขืืืืข ืึทืคึผื).
ืงืึธืืคึผืืขืงืก ืคึฟืืืืจืืจืื ื
ืืื ืก ืงืึธืืคึผืืืฆืืจื ืื ืึทืจืืขื ืืืืึทืืขืจ. ืจืขืื ืขืก ืืื ืึท ืคืึธืืขืจืื ื ืฆื ืื ืกืืจืืืขื ื ืื ืึทืืื ืืขืจืืคืขื ืข ืคืึทืกืขืืขื ืืืื, ืืืึธืก ืืื ืืืืขืจ ืืึทืงืึทื ื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืืขืืขื ืคึฟืื ืึธื ืืืื ืกืืึธืจื. ืื ืืืืื ืืืืฉืคืืื ืืืืืจื ืืืืฃ ืื ืึธืจืืขืจืก ืืืฉ ืืขื ืขื ื ืืฉื ืืืืขืจ ืืืึทืกืืจืึทืืืื ืืื ืืขื ืคืึทื, ืึทืืื ืืึธืื ืืื ืื ืืึทืฉืืืืขื ืฆื ืื ืคึผืจืึธืืืงื ืืืฉ ืคึฟืื ืื AdventureWorks ืืึทืืึทืืืืก:
ืืืึธืก ืืื ืืขืจ ืืขืืึทื ืง ืืื ืืขืจ ืคืึทืกืขืืขื ืืืื? ืืขืจ ืคืึทืงื ืืื ืึทื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืขืืขืจ ืคืืืืขืจ ืขืืขืืขื ื ืืื ืืขืืืืื ืื ื ืืืขืจ ืคืื ืจืขืงืึธืจืืก ืืืึธืก ืืจืขืคื ืืขื ืงืจืืืขืจืืึธื ืืขื ืืืขื ืืื ืืฉืืื ืคืืืืขืจืก ืืืืกืืขืงืืืื ืืื ืึทืืข ืื ืืขืจืข ืงืึทืืขืืึธืจืืขืก.
ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืืึทืฉืคึผืื, ืืืื ืืืจ ืืืืกืงืืืึทืื ืื ืืืงืขืก ืงืึทืืขืืึธืจืืข ืืื ืื ืงืึธืืืจ ืฉืืืึทืจืฅ ืืื ืืขื ืืืึทืฉืคึผืื, ืื ืืืฉ ืืืขื ืืืืื ืืืืึทืื ืฉืืืึทืจืฅ ืืืืงืก, ืึธืืขืจ:
- ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืขืืขืจ ืงืจืืืขืจืืึธื ืืื ืื ืงืึทืืขืืึธืจืืขืก ืืจืืคึผืข, ืื ื ืืืขืจ ืคืื ืคึผืจืึธืืืงืื ืคืื ืืขืจ ืงืึทืืขืืึธืจืืข ืืืขื ืืืื ืืขืืืืื ืืื ืฉืืืึทืจืฅ.
- ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืขืืขืจ ืงืจืืืขืจืืึธื ืคืื ืื "ืงืึธืืึธืืจืก" ืืจืืคึผืข, ืื ื ืืืขืจ ืคืื ืืืืกืืงืึทืื ืคืื ืืขื ืงืึธืืืจ ืืืขื ืืืื ืืขืืืืื.
ืืึธ ืืื ืึท ืืืืฉืคึผืื ืคืื ืืขืจ ืจืขืืืืืึทื ืจืขืืืืืึทื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืืึท ืื ืึธืื:
ืืืื ืืืจ ืืืื ืงืึธื ืืจืึธืืืจื ืื ืงืึทืืขืืึธืจืืข "ืงืืืืืขืจ", ืื ืืืฉ ืืืขื ืืืื ืืืืึทืื ืฉืืืึทืจืฅ ืงืืืืืขืจ ืืืึธืก ืืขื ืขื ืืื ืืึทืืขืจ. ืื ื ืืืขืจ ืคืื ืฉืืืึทืจืฅ ืคึผืจืึธืืืงืื ืืื ืื "ืงืึธืืืจ" ืึธืคึผืืืืืื ื ืืืขื ืืืื ืืืื ืจืืงืึทืืงืืึทืืืืืื ืืืื ืื ื ืืึทืข ืืืืื ืืื ืืขื, ื ืึธืจ ืืื ืื "ืงืึทืืขืืึธืจืืขืก" ืึธืคึผืืืืืื ื ืืืขื ืืึธืจื ืืฉื ืืืืฉื ... ืืื ืืึธืคึฟื ืื ืืืืฉืคืืื ืืขื ืขื ืืขื ืื ืฆื ืคึฟืึทืจืฉืืืื ืื ืืขืืืืื ืืืขื ืคืึทืกืขืืขื ืืืื ืึทืืืขืจืืืึทื.
ืืขืฆื ืืืืืจ ืืื ืคืืจืฉืืขืื ืืื ืืืื ืืขื ืงืขื ืืืก ืืืื ืคืืจื ืืืืฃ ื ืจืืืืืฉืื ืขืื ืืืืข. ืืขืืขืจ ืืจืืคึผืข ืคืื โโืงืจืืืืืจืืึท, ืึทืืึท ืืื ืงืึทืืขืืึธืจืืข ืืื ืงืึธืืืจ, ืืืขื ืืึทืจืคื ืึท ืืึทืืื ืืขืจ ืึธื ืคึฟืจืขื:
SELECT pc.ProductCategoryID, pc.Name, COUNT(1) FROM Production.Product p
INNER JOIN Production.ProductSubcategory ps ON p.ProductSubcategoryID = ps.ProductSubcategoryID
INNER JOIN Production.ProductCategory pc ON ps.ProductCategoryID = pc.ProductCategoryID
WHERE p.Color = 'Black'
GROUP BY pc.ProductCategoryID, pc.Name
ORDER BY COUNT(1) DESC
SELECT Color, COUNT(1) FROM Production.Product p
INNER JOIN Production.ProductSubcategory ps ON p.ProductSubcategoryID = ps.ProductSubcategoryID
WHERE ps.ProductCategoryID = 1 --Bikes
GROUP BY Color
ORDER BY COUNT(1) DESC
ืืืึธืก ืืื ืคืึทืืฉ ืืื ืืขื ืืืืืื ื? ืขืก ืืื ืืืืขืจ ืคึผืฉืื - ืขืก ืืื ื ืืฉื ืืืึธื ืืขืืื ื. ืืขืืขืจ ืคืืืืขืจ ืึธืคึผืืืืืื ื ืจืืงืืืืืขืจื ืึท ืืึทืืื ืืขืจ ืึธื ืคึฟืจืขื ืฆื ืจืขืืขื ืขื ืงืืืึทื ืืึทืืื, ืืื ืื ืงืืืืจืื ืืขื ืขื ื ืืฉื ืื ืืืืึทืกื. ืืื ืึธื ืืืื ืกืืึธืจื, ืขืืืขืืข ืงืึทืืขืืึธืจืืขืก ืงืขื ืืึธืื ืขืืืขืืข ืืืฅ ืคืืืืขืจ ืกืขืงืฉืึทื ื, ืืืึธืก ืงืขื ืขื ืืืื ืึท ืขืจื ืกื ืคืึธืจืฉืืขืืื ื ืคึผืจืึธืืืขื.
ืืืืฉืึทืืืึทืื ื ืึธื ืื ืกืืืืืืึทื ืฅ ืืื ืคืึธืจืฉืืึธืื ืขืืืขืืข ืกืึทืืืฉืึทื ื, ื ืืืืื:
- ืงืึทืืืืื ืึทืืข ืงืืืึทื ืืืื ืงืึทืื ืฅ ืืื ืืืื ืึธื ืคึฟืจืขื. ืืขืงื ืืงืื, ืืึธืก ืืื ืืขืืืขื ืืื ืื UNION ืงืืืืขืจื, ืึธืืขืจ ืืึธืก ืืืขื ื ืืฉื ืืขืืคึฟื ืื ืคืึธืจืฉืืขืืื ื ืคืื - ืื ืืึทืืึทืืืืก ืืืขื ื ืึธื ืืึธืื ืฆื ืืืกืคืืจื ืืขืืขืจ ืคืื ืื ืคืจืึทืืืึทื ืฅ ืคึฟืื ืงืจืึทืฆื.
- ืงืึทืฉ ืงืืืึทื ืืึทืืื. ืืึธืก ืืื ืกืึทืืืืฉืขืกืืื ืฆื ืืืจ ืึผืืขื ืืขืืขืจ ืืึธื ืืื ืืึทืฉืจืืึทืื ืึท ืคึผืจืึธืืืขื. ืื ืงืืืืืืึทื ืืื ืึทื ืืึธืก ืืื ืืืื ืืืืืขืืืขื. ืืื ืก ืืึธืื ืืืจ ืืึธืื 10 "ืคืึทืกืขืืฅ", ืืขืืขืจ ืคืื ืืืึธืก ืืื 5 ืืืึทืืืขืก. ืืึธืก ืืื ืึท ืืืืขืจ "ืืึทืฉืืืื" ืกืืืืึทืฆืืข ืงืึทืืคึผืขืจื ืืื ืืืึธืก ืงืขื ืขื ืืืื ืืขืืขื ืืื ืื ืืขืืืข ืึธื ืืืื ืกืืึธืจื. ืื ืืจืืจื ืคืื ืืืื ืคืึทืกืขื ืขืืขืืขื ื ืึทืคืขืงืฅ ืื ืงืืืึทื ืืึทืืื ืืื 9 ืื ืืขืจืข, ืืื ืื ืืขืจืข ืืืขืจืืขืจ, ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืขืืขืจ ืงืึธืืืื ืึทืฆืืข ืคืื โโืงืจืืืืืจืืึท ืื ืงืืืึทื ืืึทืืื ืงืขื ืขื ืืืื ืึทื ืืขืจืฉ. ืืื ืืื ืืืขืจ ืืืึทืฉืคึผืื, ืขืก ืืขื ืขื ืึท ืืึทื ืฅ ืคืื 50 ืงืจืืืืืจืืึท ืืืึธืก ืืขืจ ืืึทื ืืฆืขืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืืืืกืงืืืึทืื, ืืขืจืืืขืจ ืขืก ืืืขื ืืืื 250 ืืขืืืขื ืงืึทืืืึทื ืืืฉืึทื ื. ืขืก ืืื ื ืืฉื ืืขื ืื ืืึผืจืื ืึธืืขืจ ืฆืืื ืฆื ืคึผืืึธืืืืจื ืึทืืึท ืึท ืืขื ืืข ืคืื โโโโืืึทืื. ืืึธ ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืึทืืืืฉืขืงื ืืื ืืึธืื ืึทื ื ืื ืึทืืข ืงืึทืืืึทื ืืืฉืึทื ื ืืขื ืขื ืคืึทืงืืืฉ ืืื ืืขืจ ืืึทื ืืฆืขืจ ืจืึทืจืขืื ืกืึทืืขืงืฅ ืืขืจ ืืื 5-10 ืงืจืืืืืจืืึท. ืืึธ, ืขืก ืืื ืืขืืืขื ืฆื ืืึธื ืคืืื ืืึธืืืื ื ืืื ืงืึทืฉ ืึท ืงืืืึทื ืืืื ืคืื ืืืืื ืืืึธืก ืืื ืืขืืืขื ืืืืกืืขืงืืืื, ืึธืืขืจ ืื ืืขืจ ืกืึทืืขืงืฉืึทื ื ืขืก ืืขื ืขื, ืื ืืืืื ืืงืขืจ ืขืคืขืงืืืื ืึทืืึท ืงืึทืฉ ืืืขื ืืืื ืืื ืื ืืขืจ ืืืืขืจืงื ืื ืขื ืืคืขืจ ืฆืืื ืคึผืจืึธืืืขืืก ืืืขื ืืืื (ืกืคึผืขืฆืืขื ืืืื ืืึทืื ืฉืืขืื ืขื ืืขืจืื ืืขื ืงืขืกืืืืขืจ).
ืฆืื ืืืืง, ืึทืืึท ืึท ืคึผืจืึธืืืขื ืืื ืืึทื ื ืฉืืื ืืึทื ืฅ ืขืคืขืงืืืื ืกืึทืืืฉืึทื ื ืืืึธืก ืึทืจืืขื ืคึผืจืืืืงืืึทืืื ืืืืฃ ืืจืืืก ืืืึทืืืืื ืคืื ืืึทืื. ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืืื ืคืื ืื ืึธืคึผืฆืืขืก, ืขืก ืืื ืืื ืขื ืฆื ืืืืื ืื ืจืืงืึทืืงืืึทืืืืฉืึทื ืคืื ืคืึทืกืขืฅ ืืื ืืึทืงืืืขื ืื ืจืขืืืืืึทืื ืืืึทื ืืื ืฆืืืื ืคึผืึทืจืึทืืขื ืงืึทืืืก ืฆื ืื ืกืขืจืืืขืจ ืืื ืึธืจืืึทื ืืืืจื ืื ืืึทื ืืฆืขืจ ืฆืืืื ื ืึทืืื ืึทื ืืึธืืืื ื ืืึทืื ืืืจื ืคืึทืกืขืฅ "ื ืื ืึทืจืืึทื ืืืฉื ืืื" ืืื ืื ืึทืจืืืกืืืืึทืื ืคืื ืืืื ืจืขืืืืืึทืื.
- ืจืืคื ืึท ืืึทื ืฅ ืจืืงืึทืืงืืึทืืืืฉืึทื ืคืื "ืคืึทืกืขืืฅ" ืืื ืจืึทืจืขืื ืืื ืืขืืืขื. ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืืึทืฉืคึผืื, ืืึธื ื ืื ืจืืงืึทืืงืืึทืืืื ืึทืืฅ ืืขืืขืจ ืืึธื ืืืขื ืื ืืืื ืงืจืืืืืจืืึท ืขื ืืขืจืื ืืขื, ืึธืืขืจ ืึทื ืฉืืึธื ืืขืคึฟืื ืขื ืื ืืึทื ืฅ ื ืืืขืจ ืคืื ืจืขืืืืืึทืื ืืืึธืก ืืืืึทืื ืื ืงืจืึทื ื ืื ืึธืื ืืื ืืขืื ืื ืืึทื ืืฆืขืจ ืฆื ืืืืึทืื ืืื - "1425 ืจืขืงืึธืจืืก ืืขืคึฟืื ืขื, ืืืืึทืื?" ืืขืจ ืืึทื ืืฆืขืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืึธืืขืจ ืคืึธืจืืขืฆื ืฆื ืืืืฉื ืื ืืืื ืืขืจืืื ืขื ืึธืืขืจ ืืื ืื "ืืืืึทืื" ืงื ืขืคึผื. ืืืืื ืืื ืื ืจืืข ืคืึทื ืืืขื ืืืื ืขืงืกืึทืงืืืืึทื ืึทืืข ืจืืงืืืขืก ืฆื ืืึทืงืืืขื ืจืขืืืืืึทืื ืืื ืจืขืงืึทืืงืืึทืืืืืื ื ืงืืืึทื ืืึทืืื ืืืืฃ ืึทืืข "ืคืึทืกืขืืฅ". ืืื ืืขื ืคืึทื, ืืื ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืืืืื ืืขื, ืืืจ ืืืขื ืืึธืื ืฆื ืืึทื ืืืขื ืืื ืึท ืืงืฉื ืฆื ืืึทืงืืืขื ืื ืืึทื ืฅ ื ืืืขืจ ืคืื ืจืขืืืืืึทืื ืืื ืึทืคึผืืึทืืึทืืืืฉืึทื. ืืขื ืืืคึฟื ืงืขื ืขื ืืืื ืืขืคึฟืื ืขื ืืื ืคืืืข ืงืืืื ืึธื ืืืื ืกืืึธืจื. ืืึธื, ืืึธืก ืืื ื ืืฉื ืึท ืคึผืึทื ืึทืกืืึท ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืขื ืคึผืจืึธืืืขื, ืึธืืขืจ ืืื ืคึผืฉืื ืงืึทืกืขืก ืขืก ืงืขื ืืืื ืึท ืืื ืงืึธืืคึผืจืึธืืืก.
- ื ืืฆื ืืืื ืขื ืืืฉืึทื ื ืฆื ืืขืคึฟืื ืขื ืจืขืืืืืึทืื ืืื ืฆืืืื ืคืึทืกืึทืฅ, ืึทืืึท ืืื Solr, ElasticSearch, Sphinx ืืื ืื ืืขืจืข. ืึทืืข ืคืื โโืืื ืืขื ืขื ืืืืืื ื ืฆื ืืืืขื "ืคืึทืกืขืืฅ" ืืื ืืึธื ืืึธืก ืืึทื ืฅ ืืคืืฉืึทื ืืื ืจืขืื ืฆื ืืขืจ ืื ืืืขืจืืื ืืื ืืขืงืก. ืืื ืืืื ืขื ืืืฉืึทื ื ืึทืจืืขื, ืืืึธืก ืืื ืึทืืึท ืงืึทืกืขืก ืืื ืืขื ืขื ืืขืจ ืขืคืขืงืืืื ืืื ืึทืืืขืืืื-ืฆืื ืืึทืืึทืืืืกืื, ืืืึธืก ืคึผืจืึทืงืืืกืื ืืื ืคึผืืืคืึธืื ืขืก ืืขื ืขื - ืืึธืก ืืื ืึท ืืขืืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืืึทืืื ืืขืจ ืึทืจืืืงื. ืืึธ ืืื ืืืึธืื ืืื ืฆื ืฆืืขื ืืืื ืืคืืขืจืงืืึทืืงืืื ืฆื ืื ืคืึทืงื ืึทื ืืขืจ ืืืื ืืึธืืึธืจ ืงืขื ื ืืฉื ืืืื ืึท ืคืึทืจืืืึทื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ืืืืคึผื ืืึทืื ืกืืึธืจืืืืฉ; ืขืก ืืื ืืขื ืืฆื ืืื ืึท ืืขืจืฆื: ืงืืื ืขื ืืขืจืื ืืขื ืืื ืื ืืืืคึผื ืืึทืืึทืืืืก ืืืึธืก ืืขื ืขื ืืึทืืืึทืืืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืืื ืืขื ืขื ืกืื ืืงืจืึทื ืืืื ืืื ืื ืืืื ืืื ืืขืงืก; ืืขืจ ืืืื ืืึธืืึธืจ ืืืืฉืึทืืืึทืื ืื ืืขืจืึทืงืฅ ืืืืื ืืื ืื ืืืื ืืึธืืึธืจ ืืื ืืื ื ืืฉื ืึทืงืกืขืก ืื ืืืืคึผื ืืึทืืึทืืืืก. ืืืื ืขืจ ืคืื ืื ืืขืจืกื ืืืืืืืง ืคืื ืงืื ืืึธ ืืื ืืื ืฆื ืึธืจืืึทื ืืืืจื ืืขื ืกืื ืืงืจืึทื ืึทืืืืฉืึทื ืจืืืืืึทืืื. ืขืก ืึทืืข ืืขืคึผืขื ืืก ืืืืฃ ืื ืจืขืงืืืืจืขืืขื ืฅ ืคืื "ืจืขืึทืงืฆืืข ืฆืืื". ืืืื ืื ืฆืืื ืฆืืืืฉื ืึท ืขื ืืขืจืื ื ืืื ืื ืืืืคึผื ืืึทืืึทืืืืก ืืื ืืืื "ืืึทื ืืคืขืกืืืืฉืึทื" ืืื ืืขืจ ืืืื ืืื ื ืืฉื ืงืจืืืืฉ, ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืืึทืื ืึท ืืื ืกื ืืืึธืก ืืืื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืขืฆืื ืก ืืขืืืื ืจืขืงืึธืจืืก ืืขืืขืจ ืืืกื ืืื ืื ืืื ืื ืืขืงืกืื ืืื. ืืืื ืืืจ ืืืืื ืื ืฉืึธืจืืืกื ืืขืืืขื ืขื ืืคืขืจ ืฆืืื, ืืืจ ืงืขื ืขื ืื ืกืืจืืืขื ื ืขืคึผืขืก ืืื ืฆื ืฉืืงื ืืขืจืืืึทื ืืืงืื ืืขื ืฆื ืื ืืืื ืืื ืกื.
ืคืืื ืืื ืื
- ืืืคึผืืึทืืขื ืื ื ืกืขืจืืืขืจ ืืืึทื ืคึผืืืืืฉืื ื ืืื ืึท ืืึทืืืืืืง ืงืึทืืคึผืืึทืงืืืฉืึทื ืืื ืืื ืืืืื ืืื ืขื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฉื ืขื-ืืจืึธืืื ื ืึธืืขืจ ืคืฉืื ืืจืืืก ืืึทืื ืฉืืขืื. ืขืก ืืื ืงืืื ืืขืืึทืืจืข ืคึผืื ืืืขื ืจืขืฆืขืคึผื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืื ืฆื ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฆื "ืืจืืืก" ืึธืืขืจ "ืฉื ืขื-ืืจืึธืืื ื", ืึธืืขืจ ืืื ืืืึธืื ื ืึธืืคืึธืืื ืืขื ืฆืืืึทื ื:
- ืืืื ืืืจ ืืึทืงืืืขื ืึท ืืึทื ืฅ ืืึทืืืื ื ืคืื ืืึทืื, ืืขื ืืืขื ืืื ืืฉืืื ืกืขืจืืืขืจ ืฆืืื ืืื ื ืขืฅ ืืจืึทื ืกืืืกืืข, ื ืึธืจืืึทืื ืคืืฅ ืื ืคืึธืจืฉืืขืืื ื ืจืขืงืืืืจืขืืขื ืฅ, ืขืก ืืื ืงืืื ืคืื ื ืืื ืืืคึผืืึทืืขื ืื ื ืคึผืืืืืฉืื ื ืืืืฃ ืื ืกืขืจืืืขืจ ืืืึทื.
- ืขืก ืงืขื ืืืื ืึท ืกืืืืึทืฆืืข ืืื ืงืืื ืคืึธืจืฉืืขืืื ื ืคึผืจืึธืืืขืืก ืืขื ืขื ืืขืจืืืึทืจื ืืื ืืขื ืืขืื ืฆืืงืื ืคึฟื, ืืืืึทื ืขืก ืืื ืงืืืื ืืึทืื, ืึธืืขืจ ืื ืืึทืื ืืึทืืืื ื ืืื ืงืขืกืืืืขืจ ืืจืึธืืื ื. ืืืื ืขืืืขืืข ืกืืื ืคืื ืืึทืื ืืื ืืขืจ ืฆืืงืื ืคึฟื ืงืขื ื ืื ืืขืจ ืืึทืคืจืืืืงื ืื ืคืจืืขืจืืืงืข ืคืื ื, ืขืก ืืื ืืขืกืขืจ ืฆื ืึธื ืืืืื ืคึผืืืืืฉืื ื ืืืืื.
- ืืืื ืขืก ืืื ืงืืื ืฉืืจืขื ื ืคืึธืืขืจืื ื ืคืื ืื ืืืื ืคืื ืื ืืขืฉืขืคื ืฆื ืืืืึทืื ืื ืืึทื ืฅ ื ืืืขืจ ืคืื ืจืขืืืืืึทืื ืึธืืขืจ ืฆื ืืืืึทืื ืืืึทื ื ืืืขืจื, ืืื ืืืื ืกืืกืืขื ืืื ื ืืฉื ืึท ืืืื ืืึธืืึธืจ, ืขืก ืืื ืืขืกืขืจ ื ืืฉื ืฆื ืื ืกืืจืืืขื ื ืื ืคืื ืงืื ืืื ืืึทืืจืึทืืื ืึธืคึผืฆืืข #2.
- ืืืื ืขืก ืืื ืึท ืงืืึธืจ ืคืึธืืขืจืื ื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืึทืกืขืืขื ืืืื, ืืืจ ืืึธืื ืฆืืืื ืึธืคึผืฆืืขืก ืึธื ืกืึทืงืจืึทืคืืืกืื ื ืคืึธืจืฉืืขืืื ื:
- ืฆื ื ืื ืจืขืงืึทืืงืืืืจื ืึทืืข ืงืืืึทื ืืึทืืื ืืขืืขืจ ืืึธื ืืืขื ืื ืืืื ืงืจืืืืืจืืึท ืขื ืืขืจืื ืืขื.
- ื ืืฆื ืืืื ืขื ืืืฉืึทื ื ืึทืืึท ืืื Solr, ElasticSearch, Sphinx ืืื ืื ืืขืจืข. ืืืขืจ ืขืก ืืึธื ืืืื ืคืืจืฉืืื ืขื ืึทื ืขืก ืงืขื ื ืืฉื ืืืื ืึท ืคืึทืจืืืึทื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ืืืืคึผื ืืึทืืึทืืืืก, ืืื ืืึธื ืืืื ืืขืืืืื ื ืืื ืึท ืืขืจืฆื ืฆื ืื ืืืืคึผื ืกืืึธืจืืืืฉ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืึทืืืืื ื ืืืื ืคึผืจืึธืืืขืืก.
- ืืืื, ืืื ืืขื ืคืึทื ืคืื ืคืึทืกืขืืขื ืืืื, ืขืก ืืื ืืื ืขื ืฆื ืฉืคึผืึทืืื ืื ืจืืืจืืืืึทื ืคืื ืื ืืืื ืจืขืืืืืึทืื ืืืึทื ืืื ืื ืงืึทืื ืืื ื ืืื ืฆืืืื ืคึผืึทืจืึทืืขื ืจืืงืืืขืก. ืงืึทืื ืืื ื ืงืืืึทื ืืึทืืื ืงืขื ื ืขืืขื ืืขืจ ืืื ืฆื ืืึทืงืืืขื ืจืขืืืืืึทืื, ืืฉืขืช ืื ืจืขืืืืืึทืื ืืขื ืขื ืืขืจ ืืืืืืืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืขืจ ืืึทื ืืฆืขืจ.
- ืืืื ืืืจ ื ืืฆื ืึท SQL ืืึทืืึทืืืืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืืื, ืงืืื ืงืึธื ืขื ืืขืจืื ืืขื ืฉืืึทืืืช ืฆื ืืขื ืืืื ืืึธื ืืืื ืืขืืื ื ืืขืกืืขื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืึธืจืฉืืขืืื ื ืืืืฃ ืื ืฆืื ืขืืขื ืกืืืข ืคืื โโืืึทืื (ืืงืกืื ืื ืืึทื ื ืืื ืื ืืขืื ืืึทืืึทืืืืก). ืขืก ืืื ืืืื ืงืขืืืึทืืง ืฆื ื ืืฆื ืืึธื ืืืึธืจืื ื ืคืื ืึธื ืคึฟืจืขื ืืืจืืคืืจืื ื ืฆืืื ืืื ืึทืืข ืื ืกืืึทื ืกืื ืคืื ืื ืืึทืืึทืืืืก, ืืื ืกืคึผืขืฆืืขื ืืืืฃ ืื "ืืขืื". ืืคืืื ืืืื ืึทืืฅ ืืื ืืขืืืขื ืืื ืืื ืึธื ืคึฟืจืขื ืคึผืืึทื ื ืืื ืืขืจ ืึทื ืืืืืงืืื ื ืืื ืข, ืืื ืื ืืึทื ื ืคืื ืืึทืื ืืืืงืกื, ืื ืกืืืืึทืฆืืข ืงืขื ืืืืฉื ื ืึธืืืืกืึทืืื.
ืืงืืจ: www.habr.com