IoT ืคึผืจืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ืขืจื– ื”ืขืจื•ืช. ืคึผื™ื˜ืคืึธืœื– ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืœืœื™ื ื’ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืžืขื˜ืขืจ

ื”ืขืœื, ืœื™ื‘ ืคืึทื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื”ื™ื ื’ืก. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื”ืึธื•ืกื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืก ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืœื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืขืจื™ื ื’ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก.

ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืจืขื“ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื ืขืงืกื˜ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื˜ืขืœืขืงืึธื-ืฉืคึผื™ืœืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ืึทืœื“ ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืึทืจื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึทืจืง ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขื˜ืจืขื˜ืŸ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื. ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืš ื”ืขืจืŸ ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขื, ืื™ืš ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ: "ื’ื•ื™ืก, ื’ื•ื˜ ื’ืœื™ืง!"
ื“ื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืืคื™ืœื• ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ืื•ื”ื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜.

ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืขืงื™ืฆืขืจ ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืกืžืึทืจื˜ ืกื™ื˜ื™ ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืข. ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจื˜ืœืขืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ืกืคึผืึทื˜ืฉื™ื ื’.

IoT ืคึผืจืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ืขืจื– ื”ืขืจื•ืช. ืคึผื™ื˜ืคืึธืœื– ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืœืœื™ื ื’ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืžืขื˜ืขืจ

ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ืข ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง ืื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ

ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืžื™ื˜ืขืจื™ื ื’ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื™ืขื ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืกืžืึทื ืฅ, ืงืขืกืœ ืจื•ืžื– ืื•ืŸ ืขื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืจื™ืกืขืก, ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื™ืงื•ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื˜ืขืœืขืžืขื˜ืจื™ืง ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜. ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืึธืคื˜ ืคึผื•ืœืกืขื“, ืžืขืจ ืึธืคื˜ - ืจืก-485/232 ืึธื“ืขืจ ืขื˜ื”ืขืจื ืขื˜. ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื”ืขืจืฉืŸ, ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ืขืจื™ื ื’ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ื”ื™ืฅ. ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื“ื™ืกืคึผืึทื˜ืฉื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืึธืจื˜.
ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืกืงืึทืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื˜ืึทืœ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืก-485 ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ. ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจืฅ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืึท ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“. ื™ืกืขื ืฉืึทืœื™, ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืื“ืขืจืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืงืึทืœ ื™ืžืคึผืึทืœืกื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืฉื•ืจื•ืช. ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืžื“ืจื’ื”, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ืกื™ืข ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฅ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืก-485. ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืœื™ื ืงืก ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทื‘ืจื™ืงืึทื ื˜. ืึธืคื˜ ืžืึธื“ื‘ื•ืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜. ืืคื™ืœื• ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืžืึธื“ื‘ื•ืก, ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืžืึทื“ืึทืคื™ื™ื“.

ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜, ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืœื™ืง ืฉืจื™ืคื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ "ืจืขื“ืŸ" ืฆื• ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืกืคืึธืจืฉืŸ ืขืก. ื“ืขื ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื“ืขืคึผืขืฉ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื™ื– ืึท ืกื›ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืกืงืจื™ืคึผืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื˜ืึธืžื‘ืึทื ืง. ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ื•ื•ื• ืึทืœืข ื“ืขื ืื™ื– ืกื˜ืึธืจื“. ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืึทืจืฃ.

IoT ืคึผืจืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ืขืจื– ื”ืขืจื•ืช. ืคึผื™ื˜ืคืึธืœื– ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืœืœื™ื ื’ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืžืขื˜ืขืจ

ืงื•ืงื˜ ื’ืจื™ื ื’. ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ึทื•ื•ืœ, ื•ื•ื™ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง, ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื˜ื™ื.

ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ.

ืกืงืจื™ืคึผืก

ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™? ื ื•, ื“ืึธืš, ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึท ืžื™ื˜ืขืจื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ืœ, ื˜ื™ื ืงืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื, ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืข.

ืฆื•ื ื‘ืึทื“ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ, ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ืขืงืŸ ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื‘ืื“ืขืจืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ. ื˜ื™ืคึผื™ืงืึทืœืœื™, ืึท ืคืึธืœืงืก ื˜ืึธืžื‘ืึทื ืง ื”ืื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ. ืžืืœ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ, ืžืืœ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก, ืื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื“ื•ืจ. ื“ืขืจ ืึทื‘ืึธื ืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืžืกืชึผืžื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืขืœื˜ืขืจ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ืกืึธืœื“ ืื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืจื–. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื‘ืึธื ืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืขืจื™ื ื’ ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜.

ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื. ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืกืงืจื™ืคึผืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื”ืึทืจื˜ ืงืึธืžื‘ื™ื ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ืื•ืŸ ืขื ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื™ืจื– "ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“". ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื“ื•ืจ, ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืขืจืฉื˜ ืžื•ืกื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืžืึทื“ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืœืึทื‘ืึธืจืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ืข, ื ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื‘ืื ืขื ื˜ืŸ.

ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืคึผืขืงืœ. ื“ืขืจ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜. ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ ื˜ืขืžืคึผืœืึทื˜ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืกื˜ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืกืึทืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ืึทื“, ื“ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืคึผืœืึธื ื˜ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคื™ืจ. ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ื“ืขืจ ืึทื‘ืึธื ืขื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื ื˜ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ "ืึทื•ื•ืขืง". ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืื•ื™ืก, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืกื›ืขืžืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืœื™ืง ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ ืื™ื– ืžืึทื“ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’. ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ื™ ื™ื ืึทื’ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ืึทื‘ืึธื ืขื ื˜ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคืจื™ื™. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื™ื ืคืึธืจืžื“ ืึทื– ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืžืึธื“ืข. ื“ืขืจ ื™ื ืึทื’ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืึทื ืคึผืจื™ื“ื™ืงื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ื–ืึทืš. ืžืืœ ืื™ืจ ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืžื™ื ื™ืžืึทืœ ืงืขืจืขืงืฉืึทื ื–. ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ืงืึธืžืคึผืœืขืงืก ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ, ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื ื’ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืกืึทืงืกืขืกื™ื•ื•ืœื™ ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจืงืึทืžื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืึทื‘ืœื™ืข.

ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืจื™ื ื’, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืกืึธืœื•ื•ืึทื‘ืึทืœ. ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืื™ื– ืึท ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืฉืจื™ืคื˜. ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื˜ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ืกืงืจื™ืคึผืก, ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื–.

ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ืคืจืื‘ืœืขื.

ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืึทืœ ืงืฉืจ ืงืึทืจื“ืก

ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืขืงืกื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ. ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึธืจ ืคืึธืœืงืก ื”ื™ืฅ ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ื•ืงื˜-7.

ื“ืขืจ ื ืืžืขืŸ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืื’ื˜ ืื•ื ื– ื’ืืจื ื™ืฉื˜. VKT-7 ื”ืื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคึผืจืขืกืŸ-ืงืœืึทื“ ืกืึทืœื•ืฉืึทื ื–. ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ ื”ืื˜ ืขืก ื™ืŸ?

IoT ืคึผืจืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ืขืจื– ื”ืขืจื•ืช. ืคึผื™ื˜ืคืึธืœื– ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืœืœื™ื ื’ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืžืขื˜ืขืจ

ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืขืก. ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ื“ื‘-9 ื‘ืœืึธืง (ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืจืก-232). ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื ืึธืจ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืึธืงื–ืึทืœ ื‘ืœืึธืง ืžื™ื˜ ืจืก-485 ืงืึธื ื˜ืึทืงื˜ืŸ. ืืคึฟืฉืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืึท ื ืขืฅ ืงืึธืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ RJ-45 (ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ ืžืึธื“ื‘ื•ืก ืื™ื– ืคึผืึทืงื™ื“ื–ืฉื“ ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ื”ืขืจื ืขื˜).

ืึธื“ืขืจ ืืคึฟืฉืจ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜. ื ืึธืจ ืึท ื ืึทืงืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืขืจื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ืœ. ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืึท ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืขืก; ืขืก ืื™ื– ืกืึธืœื“ ืกืขืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ืœื™ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทื‘ืจื™ืงืึทื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธืก ื’ืขืœื˜. ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืื™ื– ืึทื– ืฆื• ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืขืก ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืขืคืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืชื™ืžื•ืช. ื“ืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜, ื“ื™ ืจื™ืกืึธืจืก ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื ืึธื•ื˜ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืึธืžื‘ืข ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืขื‘ืจืื›ืŸ, ืึท ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื™ื ื–ืฉืขื ื™ืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ื™ึทื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืจ, ืžืื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืžืึธื“ื™ืคื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก, ื ืึธืš ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื—ืชืžืขื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ.

ื“ืขืคึผืขื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“, ืžืขืจ ืžืึธื“ื™ืคื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืจืึธื˜. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืกื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืกื˜ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื™ืŸ 100 ืžืขื˜ืขืจ, ืคื™ื“ืœื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืœืึธืจืึท ืื™ื– ื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืง. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ืึท ืงืึทื‘ืœืข ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื ืขืฅ ืฆื• ืึทืŸ ืืคื’ืขื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื•ื•ืœืึทืŸ.

ืคึฟืึทืจ ืจืก-485/232 ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืึท ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ืขื˜ื”ืขืจื ืขื˜. ืคื™ืœืข ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ื“ ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ ืžืึธื”ืึท, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื˜ื™ื™ึทืขืจ. ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืกืึทืœื•ืฉืึทื ื–, ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืขืจ ื›ื™ื ืขื–ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’.

ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืขื˜ื”ืขืจื ืขื˜, ืึท ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืืจืฃ.

ืคืจืื’ืข. ื–ืืœ ืก ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ื–ื™ืš. ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืขื˜ื”ืขืจื ืขื˜ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื•ื?

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืžืขื’ืœืขืš. ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ืฃ. ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืœืึธืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ ืฆื• ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืจืขื›ื˜. ืœืืžื™ืš ืื™ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžืื ืขืŸ, ืื– ื“ืขืจ ืงืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงืขืœืขืจ. ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขืกืœ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื”ื•ื™ืš ื”ื•ืžื™ื“ื™ื˜ื™ ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืึธืžื‘ืข ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืขื‘ืจืื›ืŸ. ืคื™ื ื™ืฉื™ื ื’ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ืฃ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื˜ืขืงืข ืื™ื– ืึท ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืฆื• ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ื›ื™ืœืขืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืึธืœื˜ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–. ืึธืคื˜ ืจืก-485 ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื•ื™ืก.

ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ. ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืขืจืึทื ื˜ื™ื“ ืžืึทื›ื˜? ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ื™ืฉื˜, ืขืก ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืจื™ื™ืข ืžืึทื›ื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึธื“ืข, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืึทื ื•ืึทืœ ืคึผืึธืœืœื™ื ื’ ืึทืžืึธืœ ืึท ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜. ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืึทืงืกืขืก VKT-7 ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคืœื™ืกืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืจื™ื™ืข. ื“ืขื ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื’ืขืจืึทื ื˜ื™ื“ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืึธื•ืœื˜ื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ.

ื“ื™ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืžืึธื“ื•ืœืข ืื™ื– ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืคืึทื‘ืจื™ืงืึทื ื˜. ื“ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง DIN ืจืขืœืก ืึทืคึผืึทืจืึทื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึท ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜-ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ.

ืขืก ื˜ื•ืจื ืก ืื•ื™ืก ืึทื– ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื›ืึทื•ืก ื–ืึธืœ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืงืจืึธื ืึท ืกื›ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคื™ื™ืกื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืžืขื˜ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ื– ื™ืžืคึผืจืขืกื™ื•ื•.

ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ืึทืœืข ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืœืขืกืึธืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืึทื‘ืึธื ืขื ื˜. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ืŸ ืึท ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืฆื• ืึธื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืขืจ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืึทืŸ ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฆื•ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืฉืจ ื“ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜. ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืึทืœ ืจืขื–ืขืจื•ื• ืคืืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคึผืœื™ื™ืฆืขืก.

ืึทืœืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืš ื“ื™ืกืงืจื™ื™ื‘ื“ ื˜ื•ืจื ืก ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงืœืึธืจ ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืฉ ืงืฉืจ ืžืึทืคึผืข, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืึทื– ื”ื™ื’ืข ืขื ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื™ืจื– ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื” ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืคึผืœืึธื ื˜ืขืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืงืขืœืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ.

ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืฉ ืžืึทืคึผืข ืื™ื– ืฉื›ื™ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ืข ืจืขื’ื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืฉืจ. ื ืึธืš ืึทืœืข, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืฆื• ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื ืขืฅ; ืžื™ืจ ื ืึธืš ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืฆื•ื˜ืฉืขืคึผืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื•ื•ืœืึทืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืคึผืึธืจื˜, ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ืึทื’ื ืึธืกื˜ื™ืงืก ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืข ืึทื ืงืขื˜ืข. ืžื™ืจ ืฉื˜ืจืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืึธื˜ืึทืžื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœ ื•ื•ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืื™ืŸ ืกื“ืจ ืฆื• ื•ื™ืกืžื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ืงืก ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ืฆื™ืขืŸ ื•ืžื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืขื ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื™ืจื–.

ืึธื•ืงื™ื™, ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืฉ ืžืึทืคึผืก, ืจืขื’ื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–, ืึธื˜ืึทืžื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขื˜ ืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืก.

ื•ื•ื• ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืŸ ืคึผื™ื˜ืคืึธืœื–?

ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื’ืืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก.

ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจืŸ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทื‘ืึธื ืขื ื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืึทืœื˜. ืขืจ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืึท ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜. ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืขื ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜ ืึทื– ืขืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืจื•ืงืŸ, ืฆื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ. ื“ืขื ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืึทื– ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืึท ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื™ืง ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ืกืคึผืœื™ื™ื– ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ื˜ืึธืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ ืึท ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜.

ื“ืึธ ื”ืืœื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื–ืึธืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืฉืขืจ ื’ืึธืจื˜ืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืื™ื– ืึทื– ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜ ืคืืจืžืขืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ืึทืจืฅ, ื–ื™ื™ ืคืึทืจื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ื  ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื–ืึทืš (ื”ื™ืฅ ืงืึทื ืกื•ืžื“), ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ.

ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืื‘ืื ืขื ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื‘ืกืึธืœื•ื˜ ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก (ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืฅ ืงืึทื ืกืึทืžืฉืึทืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืœ, ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืกื˜ืึทืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึทื ืžืึธื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื˜ืขืจ), ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืœื˜ืึทืก (ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืงืึทื ืกืึทืžืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืึท ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก). ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜, ื–ื™ื™ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืžื•ื ื“ื™ืจ ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ืึทืจื“ืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขื˜ ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ื™ืกื™ื–. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืึทืกืขืก ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื‘ืื ืขื ื˜ืŸ ื–ืขืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ (ื“ื™ ืกื•ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ื”ื™ืฅ ืงืึทื ืกื•ืžื“, ื“ื™ ืกื•ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ืงืึธืึธืœืึทื ื˜ ืกืึทืคึผืœื™ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืฉืึทืจื“ื–ืฉื“, ื˜ืขืžืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง), ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืฉืคืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืกื™ืงื•ื•ืึทื ืก.
ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืฉืจื™ื˜ - ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื•ืกื˜ืึธืžื™ื–ืึทื‘ืœืข. ืึทื– ืื™ื–, ื“ืขืจ ืึทื‘ืึธื ืขื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื˜ืฉื•ื–ื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืกื™ืงื•ื•ืึทื ืก ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜.

ืก'ืื™ื– ื“ื ื ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืื ื˜ืข ื ืงื•ื“ื”. ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ื’ื•ื˜ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง. ืื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ื›ืึทืคึผืึทื ื– ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื™ื™ึทื ืžืึธื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื™ืจืžืข, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึธืœื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ITP, ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืึท ื’ืจื™ื™ึทื– ืื•ืŸ ื™ื ืงืขืจืขืงื˜ืœื™ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืžืขื˜ืขืจ. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– 2010. ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงื•ืงืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื ื•ืœ ืจื™ื“ื™ื ื’ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืงืึทื ืกืึทืžืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ืกืขืœืขืงื˜ื™ืจืŸ 2010. ื“ืขืœื˜ืึทืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ื“ืึธ. ื“ืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืžื™ืจ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืึทื– ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข XNUMX ืฉืขื”.

ืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทื–ืึท ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ? ืื™ื– ืขืก ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืš?

ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ VKT-7 ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืึธืžื‘ืึทื ืง ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืกืžืขืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจืงื™ื™ื•ื•ื–.
ื“ืขืจ ืื‘ืื ืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขืฆื•ื•ืื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ืŸ ืคืืจ ืžื™ื˜ืœ-ืืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืื– ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ืื™ื ืกื˜ืืœื™ืจื˜ ื“ืขื ITP ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ, ื ืืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืคื™ื ืฃ ื™ืืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง.

ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืกืึธืฃ, ื“ื™ ื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืฉื˜ื™ืงืœ.

Certification

ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜. ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ื– ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ืฅ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜. ืื™ืจ ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื™ืจ?

ืื™ืš ื˜ื•ื”. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ืŸ ืึทื– ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืึทื– ืžื™ืจ ืคืึทืจืงืจื™ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ืฉ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึท ืขื ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืขืจื˜ืึทืคืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ. ื“ื™ ื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืœื™ืง ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืึทื ืคืขืจืžื– ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืึทืจืฉืึทืœืึทื˜ื™. ืึทืœืข ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ, ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ LERS, Ya Energetik ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืขื ืœืขืš ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ. ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืขืก, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื˜ื™ื™ึทืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ืขืžื˜ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜.

ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืฉื ื™ื™ึทื“ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ืง. ืื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึท ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข ืึธืคึผืฆืึธืœ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืึท ืึทื‘ืึธื ืขืžืขื ื˜ ืึธืคึผืฆืึธืœ. ื“ืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜, ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฆื•ื•ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคึผื™ืจืึธื’.

ืคืืจื•ื•ืืก ืื™ื– ืขืก ืึทืœืข?

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื. ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ึทืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœ ืžืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืขืก ื’ื™ื˜ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืžื™ื™ึทืœืข. ืžื™ืจ ืงืœืืจ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืขืก ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜. ืžื™ืจ ืœื™ื™ื›ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธื’ ืขืก, ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืžืึธื“ื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืขืก ืื•ื™ื‘ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ื ื•ื™ื˜ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’ ืขืจื™ื™ื–ืึทื–. ื“ืขืจ ืึทื‘ืึธื ืขื ื˜ ื‘ืืงื•ืžื˜ ืึท ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืœืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื“ื™ื ืกื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ, XNUMX% ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก.

ื“ืขืจืคึฟืึทืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœื˜ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’. ืžื™ืจ ื™ื ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืึทื“ ืึท ื™ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ืื•ืŸ ืคืขืœื“ ืขื ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื™ืจื– ืื™ืŸ ืขืก. ืื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืงืœืืจ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืงื™ื™ื˜.

ืื™ืš ืงื•ืง ืฆื•ืจื™ืง, ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ ืื™ืš ืื– ืืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื•ื•ืื•ื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ื•ื•ืืœื˜ ืื™ืš ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ื’ ืื•ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืื‘ื ืึธืจืžืืœืข ืื•ื™ืคืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื‘ืื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจืŸ ืงืื ื˜ืขืจ.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ืขืคึผืขืก ืžืขืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื™ืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืคึผืขืฉ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื. ืึทืœืึทืจืžืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื™ื“ืขืคื“ื™ืง ืงืึทื ืกืึทืžืฉืึทืŸ, ืฆื•ืคืึทืœ ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜. ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคึผืจื™ืคึผืขืจื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืึท ืจื™ืจืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื‘ืึทืœื“.

ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ืืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื–ืขืจ ืคืœืื˜ืคืืจืžืข (ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ื ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื•ื•ืขื’ ืขืก ืฆื• ืจื•ืคืŸ) ื“ื™ ืคืขืื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคืืจืœืื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ื•ื•ืื•ื™ื ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืคืขืื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืงืื ื˜ืจืืœื™ืจืŸ ืื•ื ื–ืขืจืข "ืงืœื•ื’ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืงืึธืžืก", ืงืื ื˜ืจืืœื™ืจืŸ ื’ืืก ืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’, ืื•ืŸ ื ืืš ืขื˜ืœื™ื›ืข ืคืจืื™ืขืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืืก ืื™ืš ื”ืื‘ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื ืึธืš.

IoT ืคึผืจืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ืขืจื– ื”ืขืจื•ืช. ืคึผื™ื˜ืคืึธืœื– ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืœืœื™ื ื’ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืžืขื˜ืขืจ

ืึทืœืข ื“ืขื ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ, ืžืึทืจืš-ื‘ืจื™ื™ืงื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜-ืงืึทื ืกื•ืžื™ื ื’. ืื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืขืก. ืื‘ืื ืขื ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ืง, ืคื•ืœืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜.

ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคึผืœืึทื ื– ืฆื• ืึทืจื™ื™ึทืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื•ืกื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’. ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืขืก ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ื™ื™ืŸ?
ื“ืึธ ืก ืึท ืงืฉื™ื. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืืคื™ืœื• ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืœื˜. ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืืจืฃ ื“ืึธ ืื™ื– ืึท ืงืึธืžื‘ื™ื ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืคืขืœื“ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’. ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืคึผืœื™ื™ึทืขืจืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขื. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธืกืงื•ื•ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ืขืงืฉืึทื ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื ืึธื•ื•ืึธืกื™ื‘ื™ืจืกืง, ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ืง ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ ืื™ื– ื‘ืื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืขืงืกื˜ืขื ื“ืขื“.

ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึทืจืง, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ - ื ื•, ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืขื ืขื! ืื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืึทืš ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืžืึทืจืง ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขืœื˜. ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืจื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืจื– ืึทื ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืขื ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืึทืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืฉื™ื–, ื’ื•ื˜ ืขื ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื™ืจื–, ื“ืขืœื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืจืขื’ื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื–, ืงืึทืžื™ื•ื ืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืึธืคืึทืกืขืจื– ืื•ืŸ ืื‘ืื ืขื ื˜ืŸ, ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจืงืึทืžื™ื ื’ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก.

ืคึผืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ืœื™ื‘ืจืึทื˜ ืคืึธื•ืงื™ืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ื™ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจืžืื ื˜ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืข ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึทืกืขืจ. ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื‘ืœืข ืงืฉืจ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื“ื•ื™ืคืขืง ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื ื•ืึทื ืกื™ื–, ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ืžืึทื ื“ืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ ื˜ืฉืขืงืก ื ืึธืš ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจื•ื ื’. ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื“ืจืึธื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื˜ืฉื˜, ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ LoRaWAN ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืœ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืึทื ืจื™ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืคืึธืจืžืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืึทื’ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ.

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

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