ื“ื™ืกื˜ืึทื ืกืข ืžืึทืกื˜ืขืจ 'ืก ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืœืื ื“: ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืกืขืจื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ

ืคึผืจืึธืœืึธื’

ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ, ืœืžืฉืœ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืึทื ืกืข ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืžืึทืกื˜ืขืจ ืก ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื ืื™ืŸ Walden (USA), ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืฆื•ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืžืึทืกื˜ืขืจ 'ืก ื’ืจืึทื“ ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื’ืœืึทื ื“ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืึทื ืกืข ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืึทื ืคึฟืึธืจื“ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜. ืึทืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืจื•ื ื’: ื“ื™ ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขืจื“ ืคืจื™ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื™ืงืกืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื ืกื™ื– ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ื™ืงืกืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื ืกื™ื–. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื ื•ืฆื™ืง, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืึทื ื˜ืึทื–ื™ืข.

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ืžืึทืกื˜ืขืจ 'ืก ื’ืจืึทื“ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ืื™ื ื–ืฉืขื ื™ืจื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื•ื•ืขืจืคึผื•ืœ (UoL), ื•ื•ื™ ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ 30 ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ืคึผืจืึทืคืขืฉืึทื ืึทืœื™ ื’ื•ื˜.
ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ืกื™ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ื•ื ื’ ื’ื™ื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื ืึธืจ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ืกื™ืขื” ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื“ื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกื™ื–ืึทื ื“ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืกื™ื‘ื” ืžื™ืกื˜ ืึท ื’ืจืึทื“ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจืึทื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’ืงืจื™ื™ื– ื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ืฉืึทืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื•ืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜.

ื“ื™ืกื˜ืึทื ืกืข ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ

ื˜ืฉื•ื–ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜

ืฉืึทืฅ

ืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ื–, ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ืึท ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžืึทื ื™ืคึผื•ืœืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืฃ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ (181ืกื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ 27ืกื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืจืืคืข). ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืœื™ืกื˜ืขื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ืึทืข, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื™ื– ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผื™ืงื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ืคึผืœืึธืžืึทืก. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจื™ืœืึธื•ืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื• ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ื•ื™ื ืึธืจื˜ ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, UoL ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข.

ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื–

ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืื™ื– ืึท ืกืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ื–ืึทืš, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ Stanford ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื ืึทืคืึธืจื“ืึทื‘ืึทืœ. UoL ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื’ืจืึทื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ~ 20 ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ืขื•ืจืึธืก, ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืคึผื™ื™ืžืึทื ืฅ: ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืกืขืจื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ. ืื™ืจ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื–.

ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš

ื“ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื™ืš ืึธืจื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืขื ื’ืœื™ืฉ. ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืžืกืชึผืžื ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื•ื•ืึทืจืขื ืžืขืžืขืจื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ืจื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ.

ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜

ื‘ืึทื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื˜ืŸ, ืื™ืš ื ืึธืš ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ. ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืึทื– ื–ื™ื™ ืคืึทืจืœืึธืจืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืึทืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ืฆื• ื ืึทื›ื˜, ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžื•ื“ื™ืข ืึท ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžืึทืกืข. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืฃ, ืื™ืš ื’ืขื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขื‘ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืœ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืึทื ื“ื™ื ื’ ื‘ืœืึทื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 12-20 ืฉืขื” ืคึผืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืš.

ืงืึทื‘ืึธืœืข

ื“ืขืจ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืกืึทืคึผืจื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ืœื™ ืคึผืฉื•ื˜. ืื™ืš ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืึท UoL ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืจ, ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ืกืงืึทืกื˜ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืžืกื›ื™ื ืฆื• ืคืึธืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ื“ื•ืจืš ื‘ืœื™ืฆืคึผืึธืกื˜.
ื“ื™ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ื‘ืึทื”ืึทื•ื•ื ื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜; ื“ื™ ืงืึธืžื™ืกื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืฆื•ืคึฟืจื™ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืขื ื’ืœื™ืฉ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื™ื™ึทืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืขืก ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืฆื• ืฉืคึผืึธืจืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงืึธืจืกืึทื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืš ื”ืื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืึทืจื˜ืขื“ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ 6.5-7 IELTS ืกืงืึธืจื–.
ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš, ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขืงืึธืžืขื ื“ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึทืฉื’ื™ืขืš. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจืื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื - ืื™ืš ื”ืื‘ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆืขืŸ ื™ืืจ.

ื ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืคืืงื˜ืืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื– ืื™ืš ื”ืื‘ ื ื“ื™ื’ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ืคืืจื•ื•ืืœื˜ื•ื ื’, ื•ื•ืืก ื“ื™ ืงืืžื™ืกื™ืข ื”ืื˜ ืื ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ ืืœืก ื BSc, ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ืจื ื“ืข ื‘ืึธื›ืขืจ ืก 'ื“ื™ื’ืจื™ ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืฆื• ืฆื•ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท MSc.

ื˜ืจืึทื™ื ื™ื ื’

ื–ืื›ืŸ

ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืึทืœ: ืึทื›ื˜ ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื–, ืึท ื“ื™ืกืขืจื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื“ื™ืคึผืœืึธื ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืจืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื˜ืœ.
ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื– ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื•ื“ ื“ืึธ. ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืœ ืขืก ืื™ื–:

  • ื“ื™ ื’ืœืื‘ืืœืข ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข;
  • ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ืื™ื ื–ืฉืขื ื™ืจื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ;
  • ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ืึทืฉื•ืจืึทื ืก;
  • ืคืึทื›ืžืึทืŸ ื™ืฉื•ื– ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’;
  • ืึทื•ื•ืึทื ืกื™ืจื˜ืข ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืกืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืก;
  • ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ืžืึธื“ืขืœื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ;
  • ืึธื ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ืคึผืจืึทื“ื–ืฉืขืงืก;
  • ื™ืœืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืžืึธื“ื•ืœืข.

ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ืขืŸ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ืกื•ืคึผืขืจื ืึทื˜ื•ืจืึทืœ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื™ื™ึทื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’. ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืคื™ื ืฃ ื™ืึธืจ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืงืึธื“ (ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืขืก), ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื– ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ืคื™ืœืŸ ืึทื– ืžืึทื ืึทื’ื™ื ื’ ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืจ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ื™ื ื–ืฉืขื ื™ืขืจื™ืข ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึธืœื˜ืขืจื ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืึทื•ื•ืึทื ืกื™ืจื˜ืข ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜.

ื˜ืจืึทื™ื ื™ื ื’

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคื™ื–ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ. ืื™ืš ื”ืื‘ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื ืงื™ื ื“ืœืข ืคืืคื™ืจื•ื•ื™ื˜ืข ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื’ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ื‘ืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ื•ื˜. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง, ืื™ืš ื“ืึทืžืคึผ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื“ืึทื•ื ืœืึธื•ื“ื™ื“ ืคึฟื•ืŸ SD ืึธื“ืขืจ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื‘ื•ืš ื›ืึทื‘. ืฆื•ืž ื’ืœื™ืง, ืชึผืœืžื™ื“ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื•ืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืึธื˜ืขื ื˜ืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืคืจืขืžื“ ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืึทืœืก โ€‹โ€‹ืฉื™ื™ึทื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ.
ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคึผืึทืžืคึผืขืจื™ื ื’, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืื™ืš ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืกืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ื™ืงืกืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื ืกื™ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ื™ืกื™ื– XP, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืึท ืคื•ืœ-ืคืœืขื“ื–ืฉื“ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืกืงืจื™ื™ื‘ื“ ืžืขื˜ืึทื“ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™.

ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธื’ ื“ื™ ืžืึธื“ื•ืœืข ืกื˜ืึทืจืฅ, ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื. ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ UoL ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ืฆื™ืงืœ:

  • ื“ืื ืขืจืฉื˜ืื’: ืžืึธื“ื•ืœืข ืกื˜ืึทืจืฅ
  • ื–ื•ื ื˜ื™ืง: ื˜ืขืจืžื™ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ืกืงื•ืกื™ืข ืคึผืึธืกื˜ืŸ
  • ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืกืงื•ืกื™ืข ืคึผืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื•ื•ืืš, ืื™ืจ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ึท ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœืึทืกืžื™ื™ืฅ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื™ื ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ. ืž'ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืืœืข ื“ืจื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืื’.
  • ืžื™ื˜ื•ื•ืืš: ื˜ืขืจืžื™ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜

ืื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ื™ื ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ, ืึท ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜, ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืขื ื˜ืคึฟืขืจืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืืœื•ืช, ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœืก (ื•ื•ื™ื“ื™ืึธื•ื–, ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ, ื‘ื•ืš ืงืืคื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ), ืจืขืงื•ื•ื™ืจืขืžืขื ืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ.
ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืกืงื•ืกื™ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื’ืึธืจ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืงืึทื“ืขืžื™ืง ืจืขืงื•ื•ื™ืจืขืžืขื ืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื•ื•ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ: ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ื™ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–, ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืจืขืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืคื•ืœ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข. ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืงืึทื“ืขืžื™ืง ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืจืขืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืขื“.

ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ื™ื‘ืขืจืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืขืก ื˜ื•ืจื ืก ืื•ื™ืก ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืึธืก: 750-1000 ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, 500 ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืคึผืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ 350 ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ, ื‘ื™ื™ึท ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืขืจ ืึท ื•ื•ืึธืš ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื•ืžื–, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข ืžืึธื“ื•ืœืข ืื™ืš ื’ืึทื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื. ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื’ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืกืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฆื•ื ื’ ืงืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ืจื™ืึท ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ืึทืกืงืก ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื ื“, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฆื• ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืขืก.

ื–ื•ื ื˜ื™ืง ื ืึธืš ืžื™ื˜ื•ื•ืืš, ื’ืจืึทื“ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื.

ืœืึธื“ืŸ

ืื™ืš ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 10-12 ืฉืขื” ืคึผืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืš ืฆื• ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืงืึทื˜ืึทืกื˜ืจืึธืคื™ืงืึทืœืœื™ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง ืคื™ื’ื•ืจ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืึทื– ืคื™ืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœืึทืกืžื™ื™ืฅ, ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื’ื™ื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’, ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืคื™ืœ ืžืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜. ืื™ืš ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืกืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•. ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืžื™ื“, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ืคื™ืœ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ. ื“ื•ืจืš ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ืš ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืจื•.

ื”ืขืœืคึผืขืจืก

ืื™ืš ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืจืขื’ืข ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืึธืจ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืจื™ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฆื™ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ื“ื™ื ืกื˜ ะธ ืคึผืจืึทืงืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื–. ืกื™ื™ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืจืื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ RefWorks, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ ืขืก ืฆื• ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ืึทืงื•ื•ืขื. ืื™ืš ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคึผืจื•ืจืขืึทื“ื™ื ื’ ื“ื•ืจืš ื™ื ืขืจื˜ื™ืึท, ืขืก ื”ืขืœืคึผืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ. ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื™ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืึทืกื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืจืง, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ ืึท ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– / ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ / โ€‹โ€‹ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคืึทืจื”ืขืœื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ.

Relevance

ืื™ืš ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืึทื– ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืื™ืš ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื ืึธื›ืคืึธืœื’ืŸ ื˜ืจืขื ื“ืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื“ื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืข, UoL ื”ืื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื‘ืจื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืึธื›ืขืก. ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ืš ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฆื•ื•ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ / ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ื˜ื™ื ื’ื– ืฆื• ืคื™ืจืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ื–ื™ืš. ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจ ืจืขืงื•ื•ื™ืจืขืžืขื ืฅ ื•ื™ืกืžื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืึทื•ื˜ื“ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœืก ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื•ื•ืึทืœืึทื“ื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’, ืื•ืŸ ื™ื ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื– ืœื™ื‘ืข ืฆื• ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืคึฟืจืื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืกืงื•ืกื™ืขืก.
ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื•ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืฆื™ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจืึธื ื˜ ืฉื•ืจื•ืช - ื™ืึธ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ.

ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข

ืื™ืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ ืฆื• ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ UoL ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื˜ื™ืคึผื™ืฉ ืงื•ืจืก ืื•ื™ืฃ Coursera, ื•ื•ื• ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื™ืกืขื ืฉืึทืœื™ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš. ื’ืจื•ืคืข ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืฆื• ืึท ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ืฆื™ืœ ื˜ืึทืงืข ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืฆื• ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืกืงื•ืกื™ืขืก. ื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืง ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืœืึทืกืžื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ืึทื“ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื ืงื™ื ื’ ืกืขืงื˜ืึธืจ, ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืขืจื ืกื˜ ืึทืจื’ื•ืžืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื™-ืคึผืึทื˜ืขืจื ืก ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื• ืกื™ื ื’ืœืขื˜ืึธืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœืึทืกืึทืคื™ื™ื“.

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืฉืคึผืึทืก ืฆื• ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ 1000 ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืžืข "ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื ืขืคื™ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืคื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ," ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื ืขืจืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ "ืขื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืจื™ื™ื– ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืกืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืึทืจื˜ืฉื™ื˜ืขืงื˜ื•ืจืข" ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ืžืึธื“ื•ืœืข. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื’ืขืฉืคื™ืœื˜ ืžื™ื˜ Hadoop ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคึฟื™ืœื• ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ืขืคึผืขืก. ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงืœื™ืงื›ืึธื•ืกืข ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ Hadoop ื ืึธืš ื’ืขืฆื•ื•ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื™ืฆืŸ ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื™ื– ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ.
ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ืึทืกืงืก ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ "ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ืึทืงืฉืึทืŸ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก, ืืคืฉืืฆื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš" ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ื˜ืึทืกืงืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ 2PL ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ.

ืื™ื– ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืขืก

ื™ืึธ! ืื™ืš ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื•ื ื˜ืขืจื˜ื•ืงื  ื–ื™ืš ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื“ื™ืคึผืœื™ ืื™ืŸ IEEE ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ืึทืจื“ืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ืึทืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืฉื™ื– ืฆื• ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืจื™ืกืงืก ืื™ืŸ ืขืก. ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขืคึฟืขืจืขื ืฅ ืคื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ื• ืื™ืš ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื ื“ืŸ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืคึผืขืก ื›ืึทืคึผืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืคึผืขืก ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืึธืก ื™ื’ื–ื™ืกืฅ.
ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜, ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื ื•ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื‘ืึทื•ื ื“ืจื™ื– (ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืกืขืกืžืึทื ื˜), ืคืึธืจืกืขืก ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขื ืขืฆืŸ ืฆื• ื™ืงืกืคึผืึทื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืืจืคื˜ ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ื–ืึธื ืข.

ื•ืžื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ ืคึผืœื•ืก

ื“ืขืจ ื ื•ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื’ืœื™ืฉ ืœืขืกืึธืฃ ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ืจ ืฆื•:

  1. ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขื ื’ืœื™ืฉ
  2. ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื’ืœื™ืฉ
  3. ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืึธืŸ ืขืจืจืึธืจืก

ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ืขื ื’ืœื™ืฉ ืงืึธืจืกืึทื– ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ โ‚ฌ 20, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึทื ืœื™ื™ืงืœื™ ืฆื• ืึธืคึผื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืœื™ื ื’ื•ืึทืœืขืึธ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืึทืจืึธืคึผืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ.

ืขืคึผื™ืœืึธื’

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืึทื– ื™ื ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืžืึทื ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืข ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงืขืจ. ืื™ืš ื”ืื‘ ืคื™ืœืข ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ืื™ืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื•ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก, ืึทืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื˜ ืคื•ื ื˜, ืกืœืึธื•ื“ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ืขืจ ืขืก ื™ื–.
ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ 30 ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืึธืœืคึฟืŸ ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืึทืœ ืคึผืจืึทื“ื–ืฉืขืงืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืจื™ื–ื™ืงื™ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืคึผืคึผื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’. ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืึทื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืžื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืฅ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืจืึทื“ืึธืงืก ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื.
ืื™ืš ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ื˜ ืฆื• ื”ืขืกืึธืคืข ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ Coursera ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืืจืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื ืึธืš ืคื™ืœืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžืขืจ. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธืคึฟืŸ ืึทื– ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ. ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ืฉืืœื•ืช - ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ ืขื ื˜ืคึฟืขืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ืขื ื™ื’ืŸ.

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’