FAQ: ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึท ืจื™ื™ื–ืข ื’ื™ืง ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืงืกืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืึท ื™ืึทื–ื“ืข

FAQ: ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึท ืจื™ื™ื–ืข ื’ื™ืง ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืงืกืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืึท ื™ืึทื–ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืึทืงืฆื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืึท ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืึท ื›ืกื™ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืึท ืกืึทืงืึธื ืข ืฆื• ื•ื•ืึธืก, ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ื™ืงืึทืœื–, ืึทืŸ ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“.

ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื’ื•ืฃ ืก ืงืึทืžืฃ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืึท ื™ื ืคืขืงื˜ื™ืึธื•ืก ืงืจืขื ืง ืื™ื– ืึทืŸ ืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ืกื™ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืกืึทืงืึธื ืข ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืงืึทื•ื ื˜ืขืจืžืขื–ืฉืขืจื–. ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ื‘ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคื•ืœ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืื™ื– ืึทื˜ืฉื™ื•ื•ื“, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ื‘ื™ื– ืึธืคึผื–ื•ืš. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื ืคืขืงื˜ื™ืึธื ืก ืึทื–:

  • ื–ื™ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืคืึทืกื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“.
  • ื–ื™ื™ ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึทืกื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืงืขื ืขืŸ "ื“ืขืจืงืขื ืขืŸ" ืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื–.
  • ื–ื™ื™ ืงืึทืžืึทืคืœืึทื–ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื• ืขืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืŸ.

ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงืึทืกืขืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืฆื• ืฆื•ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืขืงืกืขืจืกื™ื™ื–ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ึทื’ืŸ. ื“ืืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืงืกื™ื ื–. ืึท ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืงืกืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืขื•ื• ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืึทืงืกืึทื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื’ืขืคืขืจืœืขืš ื™ื ืคืขืงืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืฉืึทืคื˜. ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ืึทื•ื˜ื‘ืจื™ื™ืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืคืขืงืฉืึทื ื– ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืคืขืจืœืขืš ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข, ืขืก ืžืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื”ื™ื˜ื ื“ื™ืง ื•ื•ืึทืงืกืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–. ื˜ืจืึทื•ื•ืขืœื™ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก.

ื–ืืœ ืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ื ื’ืงืจื™ื™ื– ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื, ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืžืึทืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• ืึทืจื•ืžืคืึธืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื–.

ืคืืจื•ื•ืืก ืื™ื– ืึทืจื•ืžืคืึธืจืŸ ื’ืขืคืขืจืœืขืš?

ื–ืืœ ืก ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืคืœื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืฆื• ืืคืจื™ืงืข. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืจื™ื–ื™ืงื™ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืœ ื”ื™ืฅ ื“ืึธืจื˜. ื ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ื•ื•ืึทืงืฆื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืขืขืจืขืš 1 ืจื•ื‘ืœ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึทืคึผื•ื™ื ื˜ืžืึทื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืขืจืึทืคึผื™ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืก, ืึท ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึทืงืฆื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืื™ืจ 500 ืจื•ื‘ืœ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื”ื™ื™ืœืŸ ื’ืขืœ ื”ื™ืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ืกืคึผืขืฉืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ืžืขื“ืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– (ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืฃ ืก ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ืขืก ืงืึธืคึผืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ืš), ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืจื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืงืจืึทื ืง, ื“ื™ ืžืึธืจื˜ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ืงื•ืจืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 3%, ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื•ื•ืขืงื˜ืึธืจ ืื™ื– ืžืึทืกืงื™ื˜ืึธื•ื–. ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึทืงืฆื™ืŸ ื”ืื˜ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื™ืคืขืงืก. ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืึทืงืกืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืขืก? ืืคึฟืฉืจ ื™ืึธ. ืื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• ืื™ืจ.

ืึทื–ื•ื™, ื˜ืจืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข ืฆื• ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜. ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ืคืœื™ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืคึผืจื•ืฃ ืฆื• ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื™ึท ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืึทืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฆื• ื”ืขืจืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืคืขื ืกื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ืฃ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืงืึธืœืึธื ื™ืึทืœื™ ืงืขื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืœื™ืง ืฆื• ืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื–. ืคึผืœื•ืก, ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข ืงืขืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื•ื•ื• ืื™ืจ ื™ื•ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ ืœืขื‘ืŸ.

ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจื˜ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืืžืช: ืื™ืจ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจืขื’ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื’ืข ืจืขื–ื™ื“ืึทื ืฅ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืœื™ืง.

ื•ื•ื™ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืงืกืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜?

ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ 4 ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก:

  1. ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ืงืึทื ื“ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื“ื–ืฉืขื ื™ืง ืฉืคึผืึทื ื•ื ื’, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขื ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืึท ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืงืึทืžื‘ืึทื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึท ืกืึทืงืึธื ืข ืฆื• ืึท ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื’ื•ืฃ. ื“ืืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืงืกืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืงืขื’ืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืขื ืคึผืึธืงืก, ื™ื ืคืœื•ืขื ืฆื™ืข, ื’ืขืœ ื”ื™ืฅ, ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืกื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ: "ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ืคื™ื™ื ื˜" ืึทืงื˜ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื.
  2. ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืกืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื˜ื™ืจื™ืึท (ืœืžืฉืœ, ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืึธืจืžืึทืœื“ืึทื›ื™ื™ื“ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข) ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืึธืจืคึผืกืึทื– ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื’ื•ืฃ. ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคื™ืœืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื”ืขืคึผืึทื˜ื™ื˜ื™ืก ื, ื˜ื™ืง-ื“ืขืจื˜ืจืื’ืŸ ืขื ืกืขืคืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ืก. ื“ื™ ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื’ืขืคื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืจืคึผืกืึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ื™ื ื˜ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– "ื–ืฉื•ืžืขืŸ" ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืกื™ื‘ื”. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ืฉืคึผืึทื ื•ื ื’ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ืฃ, ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœืึธืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคืจื™ืขืจ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ.
  3. ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืงืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ืึธืงืกืึธื™ื“ืก (ื•ื•ื™ืงืึทื ื“ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžืึทื“ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืงืจืึธื•ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืžื– ื˜ืึทืงืกืึทื ื–) - ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ื•ืฃ ืก ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืงืขืžืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ืกืึทืงื•ื•ืขื ืกืึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืงื˜ื™ืจื™ืึท, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืคื™ืœ ืžืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœื™ืจืŸ ืงืึทื•ื ื˜ืขืจืžืขื–ืฉืขืจื– ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื™ื ืคืขืงืฆื™ืข. ืขืก ื˜ื•ืจื ืก ืื•ื™ืก ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืกื™ืžืคึผื˜ืึธืžืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืจืขื ืง ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืŸ ืื™ืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ื•ืฃ ืงืึทืžืœื™ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ื“ื™ืœื– ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื–, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืืคื™ืœื• ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืึทื– ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื˜ืขื˜ืึทื ื•ืก.
  4. ืึทืœืฅ ื ื™ื™ึท ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืงืึทื˜ืขื’ืึธืจื™ืข "ื”ื•ื™ืš-ื˜ืขืง" ืื™ื– ืžืึธื“ื™ืคื™ืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื–ืฉื™ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืขืงืกืึทื– (ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืึทื– ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขื™ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข, ืื•ื™ืš ืฉื ื™ื™ึทื“ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื ืึท ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืŸ, ืœืžืฉืœ), ืžืึธืœืขืงื•ืœืึทืจ ื•ื•ืึทืงืกื™ื ื– (ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ื•ืฃ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ , ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื“ื ืึท / ืจื ืึท ื›ืกื™ืžืข ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืจื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึธืจืขื) ืื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืง. ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธืœืขืงื•ืœืึทืจ ื•ื•ืึทืงืกื™ื ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื”ืขืคึผืึทื˜ื™ื˜ื™ืก ื‘ (ืึท ืขื ื•ื•ืขืœืึทืคึผื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืึธืŸ ืึท ื”ืึทืจืฅ), ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืœืœืึธืžืึทื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื™ื ื’ืึธืงืึธืงืงื•ืก.

ื‘ื™ื˜ืข ื˜ืึธืŸ ืึทื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืงืฆื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื™ืคืขืงืก. ืื™ืจ ื–ืืœ ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืึทื– ืึท ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื’ืขืคืขืจืœืขืš ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืžืึธืœืขืงื•ืœืึทืจ ื•ื•ืึทืงืฆื™ืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืืžืช. ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ืขืœ ื”ื™ืฅ ื•ื•ืึทืงืฆื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื™ืคืึทืกื˜: ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื™ืคืขืงืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ื•ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ื˜ืขื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื–ืฉืขืจืžืึทื ื˜ ืžืขื˜ื”ืึธื“ืก.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’?

ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ืคืึทืœ ืื™ื– ืึท ืึทืœืขืจื“ื–ืฉื™ืง ืึธืคึผืจื•ืฃ. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ื“ื™ ื”ืขืคึผืึทื˜ื™ื˜ื™ืก ื‘ ื•ื•ืึทืงืฆื™ืŸ ืงืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ ืึท ืึทืœืขืจื’ื™ืข ืฆื• ื”ื™ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ื’. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืžืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ ืจื™ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื–, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืœืข ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกืึทื‘ืึทืœ. ืึธืคึผื’ืขื”ื™ื˜ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกืึทื‘ืึทืœ (ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’) ืงืึทื ืกืึทืงื•ื•ืขื ืกืึทื–, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึทืงืฆื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืจื™ื–ื™ืงื™ืจืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืงืจืขื ืง ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ืœื™ืงืขืœื™ื”ืึธืึธื“ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื™ื ืคืขืงื˜ืึทื“, ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคืขืจื“, ื’ืขื”ื™ื™ืœื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื–ื™ืงื™ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– . ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื‘ืึทืจื“ืึทืกื“ื™ืง ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืึทืงืฆื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืจืขืงืึทืžืขื ื“ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜.

ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื™ืคืขืงืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ืจื™ืœื™ืกื™ื ื’ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ืงืึทื ื“ ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืก, ื˜ืึทืงืกื™ืŸ, ืžืึธืœืขืงื•ืœืึทืจ ื“ืขื‘ืจื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืขืงืกืึธื’ืขื ืึธื•ืก ื˜ื™ื ื’ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ืฃ. ืฆื• ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฆื• ืงืขืžืคืŸ, ืื™ืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืขืก ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ. ื–ื™ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื‘ืœ ืงืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืœื™ื™ื“ืŸ. ืื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืคืขื ืกื™ื•ื• ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’.

ืฆื™ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึทืงืฆื™ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผืึทื ื•ื ื’?

ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืขื›ื˜. ื“ืึธ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืžื™ื˜ ื›ืกื™ืžืข ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืื™ื– ืขืคึผืขืก ืคืึทืœืฉ. ื“ื™ ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืคึผืขืจืกืขืคึผื˜ื•ืึทืœ ื”ืึทืฉ. ื“ืึธืก ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืึทื– ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ืึทืงืกืึทื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืœื• ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื–, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื™ื ืคืขืงื˜ืึทื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ, ื“ื™ ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ืคืึทืกื˜ืขืจ. ืึทื– ืื™ื–, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืจื™ื–ื™ืงื™ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–, ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ืกื™ืžืคึผื˜ืึธืžืก.

ื“ื™ ื™ื ืคืœื•ืขื ืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืงื•ืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืคึผื™ืœืงืข ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืคืœืึทืš ื’ืœื™ื™ืงืึธืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ื™ื ื– ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขื™ื ืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ึทื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืก. ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืึธื ืขืก (ื”ืžืึทื’ื’ืœื•ื˜ื™ื ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ืขื•ืจืึทืžื™ื ื™ื“ืึทืกืข) ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉืคึผืึทื ื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ H1N1. ื“ื™ ืคืœื• ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขื™ื ืก ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื ื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ H2N1. ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืคืึทืœ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืจืขืึทื’ื™ืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœื™. ืื•ืŸ ืึท "ื™ื‘ืขืจืจื•ืง" ืงืขืŸ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขื™ื ืก ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื™ืŸ H2N3. ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืึทืงืึธื ืข ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘.

ื‘ื™ื˜ืข ื˜ืึธืŸ ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ืจืขืคืขืจืก ืฆื• ืขื ืœืขืš ืกื˜ืึทืžืคึผืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืงืจืขื ืง. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื™ื ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืก, ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื–, ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื•ื•ืึทืงืกื™ื ื– ื‘ืึทืฉื™ืฆืŸ ืื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืกืขืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื™ื ื’ืึธืงืึธืงืงื•ืก. ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื™ื ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืก ื–ื™ืš ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช.

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึทืงืฆื™ืŸ ื›ึผื•ืœืœ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžืขืจ ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืŸ. ืขืก ื”ืขืœืคึผืก ืฆื• ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืงืขื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืœ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ืึธืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืขืก.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื™ืึทื–ื“ืข?

ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืฉืจื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืจืขืงืึทืžืึทื ื“ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืจื™ื™ึทื–ืข ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ืœืขื˜. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขืžืึธ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืจื™ื™ื–ืข ืึทื’ืขื ื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ืจืขืงืึทืžืึทื ื“ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืืจื’ืื ื™ื–ืืฆื™ืข. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ WHO: ืขืก ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืึทื•ื˜ื‘ืจื™ื™ืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืคืขืงืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืึทื ืกืึทืงื•ื•ืขื ืกืึทื–. ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืงื•ื•ื™ืจืขืžืขื ืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ืึธืกืึทืคืขื˜ื™ ืฉืœืึทื‘ืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ืœ ืœืึทื ื“. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืงืึทื ืขืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคืœื™ ืื™ืŸ ืืคืจื™ืงืข, ืื™ืจ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืงืกืึทื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืึทืขืจืึธืคึผืึธืจื˜.

ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงืึทืกืขืก, ืื™ืจ ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ ืึธืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืึทืงืกืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ - ื“ืึธืก ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ึทื’ืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื™ื•ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื–ืข ืคืึธื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ืขืคึผื™ื“ืขืžื™ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืงืึทืœ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข.

ืึทืŸ ืึทืœื˜ืขืจื ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ืึท ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืจืึทื˜ื  ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื’ืข ื˜ืขืจืึทืคึผื™ืกื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื™ื ืคืขืงื˜ื™ืึธื•ืก ืงืจืขื ืง ืžื•ืžื›ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผื™ื˜ืึธืœ ื•ื•ื• ืคึผืึทื˜ื™ืขื ืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจืคึผืœื™ื™ื ื–. ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขืงืึทืžืึทื ื“ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ืขืขืจืขืš ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืžืงื•ืจื™ื, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืžืขืจ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื• ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“, ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื–ืืžืœื˜ ืึทื ืึทืžื ืึทืก. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฉืึทืœืึทืกืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืงืกืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื•ืžืคืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธืกืงื•ื•ืข, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืจืฆื™ื ืึธื•ื•ืกืงื™ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ื˜.

ืึทื–ื•ื™, ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทื ื“ืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืึทื‘ืึทืœ ื•ื•ืึทืงืกืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ืฆื™ ืื™ืจ ื ืึธื›ืคืึธืœื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืงืึทืžืึทื ื“ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืื™ืจ ืงืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ืึทื– ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื ื™ืžืึทืœืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’, ืื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืึทื‘ื™ื– ื•ื•ืึทืงืฆื™ืŸ. ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ: ื•ื•ืขืจ ื’ื™ื˜ ืจืขืงืึทืžืึทื ื“ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื˜ืจืึทื•ื•ืึทืœืขืจื– ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืง. ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ื–ืื’ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ, ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืขืก.

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื’ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื™ืึทื–ื“ืข, "ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ", ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜?

ื ื•ืž

ืคื™ืจืกื˜ืœื™, ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทื ื˜ื™ื‘ืึธื“ื™ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืจื™ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื’ ืฆื• 3-4 ื•ื•ืึธื›ืŸ (ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ, ืืคึฟืฉืจ ืžืขืจ).

ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื ืก, ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื•ื•ืึทืงืกื™ื ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืจืกืึทื– ืคื•ืŸ 2-3 ืžืืœ.

ื“ืจื™ื˜ื ืก, ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ื•ื•ืึทืงืกื™ื ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืึทืžื‘ื™ื™ื ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ืฉืคึผืจื™ืฆืŸ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืžืึธืœ.

ื“ืขื ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืงืกืึทื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื“ืจื™ื™ ื•ื•ืึธื›ืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืึทื–ื“ืข ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื™ึท ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืฃ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขืงืก ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ึทื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืึท ื˜ืจืึทืคึผื™ืงืึทืœ ืœืึทื ื“.

ื“ืึธ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ WHO ืขืฆื” ื‘ืœืึทื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื˜ืจืึทื•ื•ืึทืœืขืจื– ืฆื• ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื  ืขืจื’ืขืฆ ื ื™ื˜ (ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืคืขืจืœืขืš ืกืคึผืึทืฅ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’):
FAQ: ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึท ืจื™ื™ื–ืข ื’ื™ืง ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืงืกืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืึท ื™ืึทื–ื“ืข

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ื•ื˜ ืฆื• ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืงืกืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื ืกื•ืœืึทืจ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจื™ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจืขืžื“ ืึทืคืคืึทื™ืจืก. ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธ. ืขืก ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื–ืขืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื”.

ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ื“ืึธ ืคึฟืึทืจ ะกะพะผะฐะปะธ ืื™ืš ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืึท ื›ืึธืœืขืจืข ื•ื•ืึทืงืฆื™ืŸ.

ื“ืึธ ืก ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืžืึทืคึผืข.

ืึทื–ื•ื™, ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื™ืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ืขื ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“?

ื™ื. ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœืŸ ื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืึทืžืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืงื˜ืึธืจืก. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืึทืงืกืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื™ืึทืคึผืึทื ื™ืฉ ืขื ืกืขืคืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธืกืงื•ื•ืข, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึธื•ืงื™ื™. ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื™ื˜ืœืขืš ื ืึทื˜ื™ืจืœืขืš ื”ืึธืฆืคึผืึธืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืœืึทื“ื™ื•ื•ืึธืกื˜ืึธืง, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื™ืึธืจ. ืื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื˜ืจืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืœืึทื“ื™ื•ื•ืึธืกื˜ืึธืง, ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจ, ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข ืคืขื“ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ WHO ื•ื•ืขื‘ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืœ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคึผื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื•ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืœืึทื ื“ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื‘ื™ืึธืžืขืก. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื›ืึธื•ืžืœืึทื ื“, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ืึทื™ืงืึทืœ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืจืึทืกื ืึธื“ืึทืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื›ืึทื ื’ืขืœืกืง.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืœื™ื™ึทื‘ื  ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“ ื“ืขืคึผืขื ื“ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืจื™ื–ื. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธืกืงื•ื•ืข, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืงืกืึทื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืœื• ืื•ืŸ "ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ืฉืŸ" ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืฉืึทืคื˜ ื•ื•ืึทืงืกืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื˜ืจืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื˜ืึทื™ื’ืึท ืึธื“ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืึทืงื™ื ื’, ืื™ืจ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืงืกืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื˜ื™ืงืขืŸ ืขื ืกืขืคืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ืก. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื ื™ืžืึทืœืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ืงืึทื•ื•ืขืก - ืคื•ืŸ ืจืึทื‘ื™ื– (ื‘ืึทืฅ ืคื™ืจืŸ ืขืก). ื ื•, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื˜ืจืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื“ืจื•ื ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฆื• ืึท ื“ืึธืจืฃ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืงืึทื ืึทืœ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื”ืขืคึผืึทื˜ื™ื˜ื™ืก ื. ื ื•, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื”ืขืคึผืึทื˜ื™ื˜ื™ืก ื‘ ืื™ื– ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื“ืึธืจืคื™ืฉ ืึทื•ื˜ืคึผื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื˜ ืงืœื™ื ื™ืง, ืึท ืฉื ื™ื™ึทื“ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื ืึธื’ืœ ืกืึทืœืึธืŸ, ื“ืขื ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึท ืคึผืœื•ืฆืขืžื“ื™ืง ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคื•ืกื™ืึธืŸ. ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ, ื˜ืจื™ืคึผื˜, ื•ื•ืึธื•ืง ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ - ื”ืขืคึผืึทื˜ื™ื˜ื™ืก ื‘.

ืฆื™ ื•ื•ืึทืงืกื™ื ื– ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืง?

ื ื™ื™ืŸ. ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืึท ืœืขื‘ืŸ-ืœืึทื ื’ ื™ืžื™ื•ื ืึทื˜ื™, ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืึท ืœืึทื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ (ืœืžืฉืœ, ื“ื™ืคื˜ื”ืขืจื™ืึท - 10 ื™ืืจ), ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงื•ืจืฅ-ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ (ื™ืึทืคึผืึทื ื™ืฉ ืขื ืกืขืคืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ืก - ืคึฟืึทืจ 1 ื™ืึธืจ). ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ื™ืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื ืึทืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื™ื‘ืึธื“ื™ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข ืกืœืึธื•ืœื™ ืึทืจืึธืคึผื’ื™ื™ืŸ.

ื“ืืก ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื’ื•ื˜ืข ืื™ื“ืข ืื ืฆื•ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืืคื“ืขื™ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ื“ืืก ื•ื•ืืก ื“ื• ื”ืืกื˜ ื’ืขืคืขืœื˜ ืฆื• ืืคื“ืขื™ื˜ื™ืจืŸ, ื“ืขืจื ืืš ืฆื•ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช "ืœืื ื’-ื‘ืื”ืืœื˜ืŸ" ื–ืื›ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืืš ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ืืงืกื™ื ื™ืจืŸ ืคืืจ ื’ืขืคืขืจืœื™ื›ืข ืจื™ื™ื–ืข.

ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ืžื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ?

ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืจืขื›ื˜ ื“ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึทืคึผื“ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื™-ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ื–. ืกืคึผืขืกื™ืคื™ืงืึทืœืœื™, ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื’ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืฉืึทืคื˜ ื•ื•ืึทืงืกืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–. ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืึทืงืกืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืจ ืคืขืœื ื“ื™ืง.

ื˜ื™ืคึผื™ืงืึทืœืœื™, ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื˜ืขื˜ืึทื ื•ืก (ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืกื›ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืงืฆื™ืŸ) - ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึทืžืึธืœ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ 10 ื™ืึธืจ. ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืžืกืชึผืžื, ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืงื™ื ื“ืฉืึทืคื˜ ื•ื•ืึทืงืกืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืก.

ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’, ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึทืงืฆื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืคึผืฉื•ื˜: ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืงืึทืกืขืก, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืึทื ื˜ื™ื‘ืึธื“ื™ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขืŸ ืฆื™ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืฅ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•. ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึท ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืคืึธืจืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืข, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ "ืงืจืึทื ื˜" ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื™ื‘ืึธื“ื™ืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ "ืœืึทื ื’-ื˜ืขืจืžื™ืŸ" ืึธื ืขืก. ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข.

ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ื™ื“ื–ืฉื™ืง ื•ื•ืึทืงืกื™ื ื–. ื™ื•ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื”ืขืคึผืึทื˜ื™ื˜ื™ืก ื ืื•ืŸ ื‘, ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืœืœืึธืžืึทื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืก.

ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ืึธืคื˜ ืึทืจื•ืžืคืึธืจืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ืŸ (ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืง ื™ืึธืจืŸ), ืงื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’-ื˜ืขืจืžื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืงืกืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขืœ ื”ื™ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืคื•ืก ื”ื™ืฅ.

ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืึทืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืจืขืงืึทืžืึทื ื“ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ WHO, ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืขืจื™ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจืขืžื“ ืึทืคืคืึทื™ืจืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึท ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ืึทืจื•ืžืคืึธืจืŸ.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื”ืขื›ืกื˜ ืจืขืงืึทืžืขื ื“ื™ื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืงืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืึทื ื’?

  • ื•ื•ื”ืึธืึธืคึผื™ื ื’ ื”ื•ืกื˜, ื“ื™ืคื˜ื”ืขืจื™ืึท ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื˜ืึทื ื•ืก - ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืึทืžืึธืœ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ 10 ื™ืึธืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืงืกืŸ. ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื•ื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืคึผืœืึทื ืขื˜.
  • ื”ืขืคึผืึทื˜ื™ื˜ื™ืก ื - ืœื™ื™ืคืœืึธื ื’ ื™ืžื™ื•ื ืึทื˜ื™ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ืงื•ืจืก.
  • ื”ืขืคึผืึทื˜ื™ื˜ื™ืก ื‘ ืื™ื– ืœื™ื™ืคืœืึธื ื’ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ืงื•ืจืก (ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื˜ืขืจืก ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื ืึธืš 10 ื™ืืจ).
  • ืžื™ื–ืขืœืก, ืจื•ื‘ืขืœืึท, ืžืึทืžืคึผืก - ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืึทืžืึธืœ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ 10 ื™ืึธืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืงืกืŸ.
  • ื”ื™ื ื“ืœ ืคึผืึธืงืก ืื™ื– ืœื™ื™ืคืœืึธื ื’ ื™ืžื™ื•ื ืึทื˜ื™ ื ืึธืš ืึท ืงื•ืจืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ืงืจืึทื ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื’ืขืœื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืฉืึทืคื˜.
  • ืคึผืึธืœื™ืึธืžื™ืขืœื™ื˜ื™ืก - ืœื™ื™ืคืœืึธื ื’ ื™ืžื™ื•ื ืึทื˜ื™ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ืงื•ืจืก.
  • ืžืขื ื™ื ื’ืึธืงืึธืงืงืึทืœ ื™ื ืคืขืงืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ืœื™ื™ืคืœืึธื ื’ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ืึทืงืกืึทื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 5 ื™ืืจ.
  • ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืœืœืึธืžืึทื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืก - ืึทืžืึธืœ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ 15 ื™ืึธืจ (ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืœื™ื™ืคืœืึธื ื’ ื™ืžื™ื•ื ืึทื˜ื™, ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื ืึธืš ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื˜ืขืจ).
  • ื˜ื™ืง-ื“ืขืจื˜ืจืื’ืŸ ืขื ืกืขืคืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ืก - ื™ืขื“ืขืจ 3 ื™ืืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ึทืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“.

ืื™ื– ืขืก ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืžืึธืœ?

ื ื™ื™ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืงืœ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ 1-3 ื•ื•ืึทืงืกื™ื ื–, ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ืŸ ืึท ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืึธื ืขืก.

ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื•ื•ืึทืงืกื™ื ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืึทืžื‘ื™ื™ื ื“, ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜. ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืงืกื™ื ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื™ื•ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’. ื’ืขื ืขื˜ื™ืง ืžืึทื“ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ืึธื ืขืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืžืึทืกื™ื•ื•, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืจื™ื™ึท ื•ื•ืึทืงืกื™ื ื– ืคึผืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืกืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ืฃ.

BCG, ื’ืขืœ ื”ื™ืฅ ื•ื•ืึทืงืกื™ื ื– ืื•ืŸ ืจืึทื‘ื™ื– ื•ื•ืึทืงืฆื™ืŸ (ืงืขื’ืŸ ืžืขืฉื•ื’ืึทืก) - ื“ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื•ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื•ื•ืึทืงืกืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข.

ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื•ื•ืึทืงืกืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ืฉื•ื•ืึทื ื’ืขืจืฉืึทืคื˜. ื“ืึธืก ืึทืคึผืœื™ื™ื– ืฆื• ื•ื•ืึทืงืกื™ื ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื–ืขืœืก, ืจื•ื‘ืขืœืึท, ืžืึทืžืคึผืก ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืขื ืคึผืึธืงืก ืžื™ื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืึทื˜ื˜ืขื ื•ืึทื˜ืขื“ ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืกืขืก.

ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืงื™ื ื“ืฉืึทืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืงืกืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืงืกื™ื ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืึธื•ืกืึทื“ื–ืฉ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉืขืงื˜ื™ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืงืกืŸ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืงืึทืกืขืก. ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ.

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื“ืœืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืงืกื™ื ื– ืื•ื™ืš. ื’ื™ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื‘ืึทืจื“ืึทืกื“ื™ืง ืจืขืงืึทืžืึทื ื“ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–, ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ืฉืคึผืจื™ืฆืŸ ืึทืœืฅ. ื“ื™ ืงื™ื™ืคึผืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื™ื ืคืึทื ืึทื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืคื™ืœ ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ืงืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ืข ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœ, ื‘ืึทืจืึทื˜ื  ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ.

ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขืก ื—ื•ืœืืชืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขืงื˜ืขื“ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืึทืงืฆื™ืŸ?

ื™ื. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืงืฆื™ืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืžืึทืœืึทืจื™ืึท, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืขืก - ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืคื™ืœืึทืงืกื™ืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืงืจืึทื ืง. ื ื•, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ืคึผืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืงืึธืžืึทืจ ืึธืคึผื˜ืจื™ื™ึทื‘ื™ืง ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฉืขื” ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึทื–ืœื“ื™ืง.

ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทืœืึทืจื™ืึท, ืงื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื™ื–ืข ื’ืขื’ื ื˜: ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืื”ืื ื“ืœื˜ ืึธืŸ ืคืจืื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ, ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜. ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜: ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืฆื• ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืคื™ืœืึทืงืกื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ึทื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื™ืคืขืงืก (ืึธืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ื•ื˜). ื•ื•ื• ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื–, ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืฆื• ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืœืขื’ื ื”ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืคึผืจื™ืฅ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฉืคึผืจื™ืฅ. ื“ื• ื‘ืืฉืœื•ืก. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืกื‘ืจื•ืš, ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืจืขืงืึทืžืึทื ื“ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–.

ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืคืึทืจื”ื™ื˜ื ื“ื™ืง ืžืึธืก, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืคึผื™ืœื– ืฆื• ื•ื™ืกืžื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ื”ื™ื•ื• ื™ื ืคืขืงืฆื™ืข, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธืคืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ืึทืงืข ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ื˜ืจื™ืคึผืก.

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื”ืขื›ืกื˜ ืจืขืงืึทืžืขื ื“ื™ื“ ืฆื• ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืงื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืึทื– ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื›ืึทืคึผืŸ ืึท ื™ื ื˜ืขืกื˜ืึทื ืึทืœ ื™ื ืคืขืงืฆื™ืข ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืจืžืก, ืกืงืึทื‘ื™ืขืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธื–ืึธืึท, ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืฆื• ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืฆื• ืฆื•ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืžื•ืžื›ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคืึธืจืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืงืกืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ืจ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื™ืึทื–ื“ืข. ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืึทืคึผื™ืกื˜.

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืขืก ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ืึทืงืกืึทื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“?

ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึทื™ื ื“ื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก. ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืงืึทืœื˜ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื ื’, ืื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื•ื•ืึทืงืกืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืงืึทืœื˜. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ืขืžืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ 39 ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื•ื•ืื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืจืขื ืง ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ืžื™ืฉื  ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึทืงืฆื™ืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืืžืช ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึธืคื˜ ืงืจืึทื ืง. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื‘ืึทืจืึทื˜ื  ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื“ื™ื ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ืึทื’ื ืึธืกื™ืก.

ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึทื™ื ื“ื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก ื“ืึธ.

ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืง ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึทื™ื ื“ื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ืึทืงืกืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืคึฟืึทืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืงืกื™ื ื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื”ื™ื•ื• ื™ื ืคืขืงืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืžื™ื•ื ืึธื•ื“ื™ืคื™ืฉืึทื ืกื™ื–.

ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืœืืชืŸ, ื“ื™ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืงืกื™ื ื– ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืจื™ืกืงืก. ืคึผืœื•ืก, ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึทื™ื ื“ื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ื•ื•ืึทืงืกื™ื ื–. ืึทืœืข ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ื˜ืขืจืึทืคึผื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจื”ื™ื˜ื ื“ื™ืง ืึทืคึผื•ื™ื ื˜ืžืึทื ื˜ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึทืงืกืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผื™ื˜ืึธืœ.

ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืงืกืึทื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืœืื ื“ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื™ืึทื–ื“ืข?

ื™ื. ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜ ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึทืงืกืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืึทืคึผื˜ื™ื™ืง ื“ืึธ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืœืื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืขืก ืฆื• ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ื˜ืึธืœ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืึทื– ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ื•ื•ืึทืงืฆื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึธืกืคึผื™ื˜ืึทืœืก โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื’ื™ืขื ื™ืฉ ืจืขืงื•ื•ื™ืจืขืžืขื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผื™ื˜ืึธืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคึผืึธืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึทืงืฆื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข.

ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื•ื•ืึทืงืกื™ื ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื—ื•ืœืืชืŸ ืื™ืš ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ. ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืฆื• ืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ?

ื“ื™ ืกื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืกื˜ ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ึทืขืจ. ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื”ืขืจืฉืŸ, ื“ื™ ืžืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ึทืขืจ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึท ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืŸ ื™ื ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึท ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื˜ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื–, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืขืคึผืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืกื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื™ืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื ืึทืก ืื•ืŸ ืจืึทื“ื•ืกืึทื– ื“ื™ ืœื™ืงืขืœื™ื”ืึธืึธื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื™ืคืขืงืก.

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื•ื•ืึทืงืกื™ื ื– ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืจืึทื˜ื  ื–ื™ืš ืึท ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืจื™ื–ืึธืจื˜, ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ "ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜" ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข.

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืคื™ืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ื•ื˜ ...

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ืึท ืึธืจื˜ ื•ื•ื• ื–ื™ื™ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืึทืจืึทื ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืึทื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึท ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ ื™ื ืคืขืงืฆื™ืข, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื’ืข ื˜ืขืจืึทืคึผื™ืกื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืขืžื™ืฉื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื’, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื“ืจืึทืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื’ื ืึธืกื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืจืขื ืง. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ (ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทืžื‘ื•ืœืึทื ืก) ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผื™ื˜ืึธืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ื ืคืขืงื˜ื™ืึธื•ืก ื—ื•ืœืืชืŸ. ื–ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืืงื˜ื•ื™ืจื™ื ื•ื•ื• ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืืŸ (ืœืžืฉืœ, ื’ืขืคืจื•ืื•ื•ื˜ ืจื•ื™ ืคืœื™ื™ืฉ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื’ืข ืจืขืกืึทืคึผื™ื–, ืคึผืขื˜ื˜ื™ื“ ืงื™ื•ื˜ ืคืœืขื“ืขืจืžื•ื™ื–, ื’ืขืงื•ืฉื˜ ืึท ื“ื–ืฉืขืจืึทืฃ). ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืžืกืชึผืžื, ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคึผื•ื™ื–ืึทื ื“ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืงืึทืœื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืœื™ื™ึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ืžืคึผื˜ืึธืžืก - ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ ืฆื• ืžืึทืœืึทืจื™ืึท. ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ืขืกืฅ. ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืกืงืขืจื™ ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’ ืœืึธื•ืขืจื™ื ื’ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžืึทืกืงืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคื ื™ืžืขืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฉืึทื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ืคื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืœืึทื ื’. ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื–ืขืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข ืคืขื“ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ืื•ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ื•ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขืš ื ื™ืฆืœ.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืกืึทื ื“ื–ืฉืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืœืึทืš ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืฆื™ืขื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืœื™ืขื ื“ื™ืง?

ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืงืจืึทื ืง, ืื™ืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก. ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ืึธืคืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื™ื ืคืขืงืฆื™ืข. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืึทืœืึทืจื™ืึท, ืึธืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ื™ึทื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทืกืงื™ื˜ืึธื•ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ืจืขื˜ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืขืก (ืกื™ื™ึทื“ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทืœืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ืจืขื˜ ื’ื™ืกืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืขืจ, โ€‹โ€‹ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืจืึทื˜ื  ื–ื™ืš ืึท ืกื™ื™ืงื™ืึทื˜ืขืจ). ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื ื’, ื–ื™ืงืึท, ื˜ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื’ื•ื ื™ืึท ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืœ ื”ื™ืฅ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืžื™ื–ืขืœืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื™ื ื’ืึธืงืึธืงืงืึทืœ ื™ื ืคืขืงืฆื™ืข, ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ, ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื’ื™ืขื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืขืคึผื™ื“ืขืžื™ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืงืึทืœ ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ืื•ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื˜ืขื˜ (ืจืึธืกืคึผืึธื˜ืจืขื‘ื ืึทื“ื–ืึธืจ), ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืžื™ื˜ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื™ืฆืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืึธื˜ื”ืจืขืึทื˜.

ืื™ืš ื”ืื‘ ืืœืขืก ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื ื˜, ื“ืืก ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื•ื•ืืงืกื™ื ื™ืจืŸ ืคืืจ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื™ื–ืข ืื™ืŸ ื ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืขืก?

ืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ื˜ืึธืœ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึทืงืฆื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ. ืขืกืŸ? ื–ืื’ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ ื–ื™. ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืึท ืึทืคึผื•ื™ื ื˜ืžืึทื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื˜ืขืจืึทืคึผื™ืกื˜, ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื•ื ื˜ืขืจื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืื™ืจ, ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึทื™ื ื“ื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก, ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฉื™ืงืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ. ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืึทืงืฆื™ืŸ (ืึท ืฉืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืงืกืœ, ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ), ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืึท ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ืžืคึผื˜ืึธืžืก ืฆื• ื”ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืง ื˜ืึธื’. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื”ืึทืœื‘ ืฉืขื” ืื™ืŸ ืคืจืึธื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืจืึทืคึผื™ืกื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื”ืึทืœื‘ืข ืฉืขื” ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื ืึทืคื™ืœืึทืงื˜ื™ืง ืงืœืึทืคึผ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ืฉื™ืงืŸ ืึทื”ื™ื™ื. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฉืึทืŸ, ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืขืก ื ืึทืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ืงืจืึทืฆืŸ ืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื’.

ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ื˜ืึธืœ ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึทืงืฆื™ืŸ, ืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ. ืกื™ื™ึท ื•ื•ื™ ืกื™ื™ึท, ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืžืกืชึผืžื, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœื˜ ื“ื™ื ืกื˜, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืขืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื• ืื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืขืก. ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื–ืึทืš ืื™ื–, ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืฆื• ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึทืงืกืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ - ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืฆื• ื˜ืขืงืข ืงืืคื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธื•ืกืึทื“ื–ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืฉืคึผื™ื˜ืึธืœ.

ืžืืœ ื“ืืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืจืื˜ืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืจื•ืžืคืึธืจืŸ. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ื ืึธืš ื•ื•ืึทืงืกืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื’ืขืœ ื”ื™ืฅ, ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ื‘ื•ืš ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืคึผืึทื ืึทืžืึท. ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ, ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืžืึทืงืกื™ืžื•ื ืคื•ืŸ 12 ืฉืขื”.

ื“ืื ืง ืื™ืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืฆื” ืฆื• ื˜ืจืึธืคึผื™ืงืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืงื˜ืึธืจื™ืึท ื•ื•ืึทืœื™ืงืึธื•ื•ืึท, ื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืœืฃ ืคืจื™ื™ึทื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืงืขืจ ืงืœื™ื ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ืงืึทืจืึทื’ื•ืึท ะธ ื’ื•ืึทื˜ืขืžืึทืœืึท. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืงืœื™ื ื™ืง - ืœื™ื ืง ื“ืึธ.

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืื•ื™ืกื’ืื‘ืขืก "ื˜ื•ื˜ื•.ื˜ืึธื•ืจืก" ืื•ืŸ "ื˜ื•ื˜ื•.ืึทื“ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ืฉืขืจื–": ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื˜ืึธื•ืจืก, ื™ืึทื˜ื™ื ื’ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื™ืง.

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

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