Google ืคึฟืึทืจืขืคึฟื ื˜ืœืขื›ื˜ HIBA, ืึทืŸ OpenSSH ืœื™ื™ื’-ืึธืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืขืจื˜ื™ืคื™ืงืึทื˜-ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืึธื˜ืขื ื˜ืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ

ื’ื•ื’ืœ ื”ืื˜ ืคืืจืขืคื ื˜ืœืขื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืงื•ืจ ืงืึธื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ HIBA (Host Identity Based Authorization) ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื“ื™ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉ ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืึทืงืกืขืก ื“ื•ืจืš SSH ืื™ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืึธืกืฅ (ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ืฆื™ ืึทืงืกืขืก ืฆื• ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืื™ื– ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึธื˜ืขื ื˜ืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืŸ). ื™ื ื˜ืขื’ืจืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ OpenSSH ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ HIBA ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ AuthorizedPrincipalsCommand ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ /etc/ssh/sshd_config. ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืงืึธื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ C ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ BSD ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉ.

HIBA ื ื™ืฆื˜ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืึธื˜ืขื ื˜ืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืžื– ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ OpenSSH ืกืขืจื˜ื™ืคื™ืงืึทืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืœืขืงืกืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ืกืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฆื™ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืžื—ื ื•ืช, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ื™ืฉ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืึธื˜ืขืจื™ื™ื–ื“_ืงื™ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ืขืจื™ื™ื–ื“_ื•ืกืขืจืก ื˜ืขืงืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื—ื ื•ืช ืฆื• ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืงืฉืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜. ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ืึท ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื™ืœื˜ื™ืง ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืงืกืขืก ื˜ื ืึธื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ืขืจื™ื™ื–ื“_(ืงื™ื– | ื™ื•ื–ืขืจื–) ื˜ืขืงืขืก, HIBA ื™ื ื˜ืึทื’ืจื™ื™ืฅ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ-ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ื‘ื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื ื’ื– ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื˜ื™ืคื™ืงืึทืฅ ื–ื™ืš. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ, ื™ืงืกื˜ืขื ืฉืึทื ื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืกืขืจื˜ื™ืคื™ืงืึทืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืกืขืจื˜ื™ืคื™ืงืึทืฅ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืจืึธื ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจืก ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื ืึธื™ื ืคึฟืึทืจ ื’ืจืึทื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืึทืงืกืขืก.

ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื™ื ื™ืฉื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื‘ืึท-ื˜ืฉืง ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืขืจ ืกืคึผืขืกื™ืคื™ืขื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ AuthorizedPrincipalsCommand ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•. ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจ ื“ืขืงืึธื“ืขืก ื™ืงืกื˜ืขื ืฉืึทื ื– ื™ื ืึทื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืกืขืจื˜ื™ืคื™ืงืึทืฅ ืื•ืŸ, ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™, ืžืื›ื˜ ืึท ื‘ืึทืฉืœื•ืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœืึทืงื™ื ื’ ืึทืงืกืขืก. ืึทืงืกืขืก ื›ึผืœืœื™ื ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืฉืœืืกืŸ ืกืขื ื˜ืจืึทืœื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื˜ืึทืคืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื˜ืขื˜ (CA) ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื ืึทื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืกืขืจื˜ื™ืคื™ืงืึทืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจ.

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื˜ืึทืคืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ, ืึท ื’ืขื ืขืจืึทืœ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืื™ื– ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื“ (ืžื—ื ื•ืช ืฆื• ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืึทื ืขืงืฉืึทื ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜) ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื–ืขืจื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช. ืฆื• ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ ืกืขืจื˜ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ืกืขืจื˜ื™ืคื™ืงืึทืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื ืึทื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืงืจืึทื“ืขื ื˜ืฉืึทืœื–, ื“ื™ hiba-gen ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืื™ื– ืคืืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืึท ืกืขืจื˜ืึทืคืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ iba-ca.sh ืฉืจื™ืคื˜.

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืงืึทื ืขืงืฅ, ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืกืคึผืขืกื™ืคื™ืขื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ื›ืกื™ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื˜ืึทืคืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื˜ืขื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืึทืœืข ื˜ืฉืขืงืก ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ืœืขื’ืึทืžืจืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ืœ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืฆื• ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืงืฉืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜, ืึธืŸ ืจื™ื–ืึธืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ืคื•ื ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืก. ื“ื™ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ืขืคื ื˜ืœืขืš ืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื˜ืึทืคืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื˜ืขื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืกืขืจื˜ืึทืคื™ื™ื– SSH ืกืขืจื˜ื™ืคื™ืงืึทืฅ ืื™ื– ืกืคึผืขืกื™ืคื™ืขื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ TrustedUserCAKeys ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•.

ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ื ื™ืฆืขืจืก ืฆื• ืžื—ื ื•ืช, HIBA ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขืคื™ื ื™ืจืŸ ืžืขืจ ืคืœืขืงืกืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืึทืงืกืขืก ื›ึผืœืœื™ื. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื ืกื˜ ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžื—ื ื•ืช, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืึทืงืกืขืก ื›ึผืœืœื™ื, ืงืึทื ืขืงืฉืึทื ื– ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฆื• ืึทืœืข ืžื—ื ื•ืช ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ื ืกื˜ ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฆื• ืžื—ื ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืกืคึผืขืกื™ืคื™ืขื“ ืึธืจื˜.

Google ืคึฟืึทืจืขืคึฟื ื˜ืœืขื›ื˜ HIBA, ืึทืŸ OpenSSH ืœื™ื™ื’-ืึธืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืขืจื˜ื™ืคื™ืงืึทื˜-ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืึธื˜ืขื ื˜ืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ
Google ืคึฟืึทืจืขืคึฟื ื˜ืœืขื›ื˜ HIBA, ืึทืŸ OpenSSH ืœื™ื™ื’-ืึธืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืขืจื˜ื™ืคื™ืงืึทื˜-ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืึธื˜ืขื ื˜ืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ


ืžืงื•ืจ: opennet.ru

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’