Google ื”ืื˜ ื“ื™ืกืงืึทื•ื•ืขืจื“ ื“ื™ื•ื•ืขืœืึทืคึผืžืึทื ืฅ ืฉื™ื™ึทื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ื“ื™ PSP ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื ืขืฅ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ

Google ื”ืึธื˜ ืึทื ืึทื•ื ืกื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืคึผืขืกืึทืคืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืจืขืคึฟืขืจืขื ืฅ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ PSP (PSP Security Protocol), ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืฆื• ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืกืขื ื˜ืขืจืก. ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ื ื™ืฆื˜ ืึท ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืขื ืงืึทืคึผืกื•ืœืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ืขื ืœืขืš ืฆื• IPsec ESP (Encapsulating Security Payloads) ืื™ื‘ืขืจ IP, ืคึผืจืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื’ ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ, ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ ืึธื˜ืขื ื˜ืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ. ื“ื™ PSP ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืงืึธื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ C ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ Apache 2.0 ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉ.

ื ืฉื˜ืจื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ PSP ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืจืขื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืกืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคื˜ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืขืฅ ืงืึทืจื“ืก (ืึธืคืœืึธืึทื“). ื™ื™ึทื–ื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืจื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืจื– ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืคึผืกืคึผ-ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ื ืขืฅ ืงืึทืจื“ืก. ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืขืฅ ืงืึทืจื“ืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึผืกืคึผ, ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึธืคื˜ืคึผืกืคึผ ืื™ื– ืคืืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜.

ื“ื™ UDP ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ. ื PSP ืคึผืึทืงืึทื˜ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ IP ื›ืขื“ืขืจ, ื ืื›ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท UDP ื›ืขื“ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข PSP ื›ืขื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ืขื ื˜ืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš, ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœ TCP / UDP ืคึผืึทืงืึทื˜ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜, ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืœืขืฆื˜ PSP ื‘ืœืึธืง ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื˜ืฉืขืงืงืกื•ื ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜. ื“ื™ PSP ื›ืขื“ืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื›ืขื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื ืงืึทืคึผืกืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื˜, ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืึธื˜ืขื ื˜ืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื˜. ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื ืงืึทืคึผืกืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“, ื‘ืฉืขืช ืขืก ืื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืกืึทืœืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœื™ ืฆื•ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ TCP ื›ืขื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœืึธืจ (ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืึธื˜ืึทื ื˜ื™ืกื™ื˜ื™ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ), ืœืžืฉืœ, ืฆื• ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื•ืจื›ืงื•ืงืŸ ืคึผืึทืงื™ืฅ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคืึธืจ ื ืขืฅ ืขืงื•ื•ื™ืคึผืžืขื ื˜.

Google ื”ืื˜ ื“ื™ืกืงืึทื•ื•ืขืจื“ ื“ื™ื•ื•ืขืœืึทืคึผืžืึทื ืฅ ืฉื™ื™ึทื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ื“ื™ PSP ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื ืขืฅ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ

ืคึผืกืคึผ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ื“ ืฆื• ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ื•ื•ืขืงืกืœ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ, ืึธืคืคืขืจืก ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคึผืึทืงืึทื˜ ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทืžื–. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ AES-GCM ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ืขื ื˜ืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ (ืึธื˜ืขื ื˜ืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ) ืื•ืŸ AES-GMAC ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึธื˜ืขื ื˜ืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืึธืŸ ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ, ืœืžืฉืœ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืคื•ืœ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืขื ืฉื•ืจ ืึทื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜. ืื™ื– ื˜ืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ืกื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืึทื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขืจื™ื“ื–ืฉื ืึทืœื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜.

ื ื™ื˜ ืขื ืœืขืš ื˜ื™ืคึผื™ืฉ ื•ื•ืคึผืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก, PSP ื ื™ืฆื˜ ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื ืขืฅ ืงืึทื ืขืงืฉืึทื ื–, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืงืึทื ืึทืœ, ื“.ื”. PSP ื ื™ืฆื˜ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื˜ืึทื ืึทืœื“ UDP ืื•ืŸ TCP ืงืึทื ืขืงืฉืึทื ื–. ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’ ืžืื›ื˜ ืขืก ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ืขืจืข ืืคื’ืขื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจื–, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื ื™ืฆืขืจืก ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ.

Google ื ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื™ PSP ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื™ืฆืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื™ื ืขืจืœืขืš ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ Google ืงืœืึธื•ื“ ืงืœื™ื™ืึทื ืฅ. ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืื™ื– ื˜ื›ื™ืœืขืก ื“ื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื“ ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื™ืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœื™ ืื™ืŸ Google-ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื™ื ืคืจืึทืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื™ื™ึทื–ื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ื™ึทื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ื ืขืฅ ืงืึทื ืขืงืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืงืึทื ืขืงืฉืึทื ื– ืคึผืขืจ ืกืขืงื•ื ื“ืข.

ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืึธืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืžืึธื“ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜: "ืกื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืคืึทืœ" ืื•ืŸ "ืกื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืœืขืกืก". ืื™ืŸ "ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ืœืขืกืก" ืžืึธื“ืข, ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ื˜ื˜ืขื“ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ ืงืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื˜ ื“ื™ืกืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืึธืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ืงืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ SPI (Security Parameter Index) ืคืขืœื“ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื‘ืขืœ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ (256-ื‘ื™ืกืœ AES, ืกื˜ืึธืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ ืงืึธืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกื˜ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ 24 ืฉืขื”), ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืจืึทื˜ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืขืฅ ืงืึธืจื˜ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื ืึทืžื™ื™ื– ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื“ ืงืึทื ืขืงืฉืึทื ื– ืกื˜ืึธืจื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืขืงื•ื•ื™ืคึผืžืขื ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜. ืื™ืŸ "ืกื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืคืึทืœ" ืžืึธื“ืข, ื“ื™ ืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืงืฉืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืจื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ ืงืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ื˜ื™ืฉ, ืขื ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ ื™ื™ึทื–ื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“ ืื™ืŸ IPsec.

Google ื”ืื˜ ื“ื™ืกืงืึทื•ื•ืขืจื“ ื“ื™ื•ื•ืขืœืึทืคึผืžืึทื ืฅ ืฉื™ื™ึทื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ื“ื™ PSP ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื ืขืฅ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ

PSP ื’ื™ื˜ ืึท ื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืง ืงืึธืžื‘ื™ื ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹TLS ืื•ืŸ IPsec/VPN ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืงื™ื™ืคึผืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื–. TLS ืื™ื– ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ Google ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืขืจ-ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืขืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื’ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ื™ึทื–ื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืขืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ UDP ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ. IPsec ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ื™ื™ึทื–ื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ื‘ื™ื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืงืึทื ืขืงืฉืึทื ื–, ืื™ื– ื“ื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืึทื ืึทืœื– ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื”ืื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก ืžื™ื˜ ืกืงื™ื™ืœื™ื ื’ ื™ื™ึทื–ื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืคื•ืœ ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ ืงืึธืจื˜ (ืœืžืฉืœ, 10 ื’ื™ื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืฆื• ืฉืขืคึผืŸ 5 ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ ืงืึทื ืขืงืฉืึทื ื–).

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืกืคึผ, ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทืŸ (ืงื™ื–, ื™ื ื™ื˜ื™ืึทืœื™ื–ืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืขืงื˜ืึธืจืก, ืกื™ืงื•ื•ืึทื ืก ื ื•ืžืขืจืŸ, ืืื–"ื• ื•) ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ื˜ื˜ืขื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ TX ืคึผืึทืงืึทื˜ ื“ื™ืกืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ืึธืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ืœ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ, ืึธืŸ ืึทืงื™ืึทืคึผื™ื™ื™ื ื’ ื ืขืฅ ืงืึธืจื˜ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ. ืœื•ื™ื˜ Google, ื‘ืขืขืจืขืš 0.7% ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืกื•ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ื–ื™ืงืึธืจืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืจื™ืขืจ ืคืืจื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขื ืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ื™ื ื’ RPC ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืžืข 'ืก ื™ื ืคืจืึทืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจ. ื“ื™ ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืกืคึผ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึทื–ื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืขืก ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืจืขื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆื™ืคืขืจ ืฆื• 0.2%.

ืžืงื•ืจ: opennet.ru

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’