ื’ืคึผืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืžื™ืกื˜ ื–ืฉื•ืง: ืึท ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืžืึธื“ืึทืœ ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื

ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื ืคืจืื’ืขืก ื•ื•ืืก ืžื™ืจ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜ ืื“ืขืจ ืคืจื•ื‘ื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ: ืคืืจื•ื•ืืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ืžืœ ื‘ืœื•ื™, ื•ื•ื™ืคื™ืœ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ, ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืืจืงืขืจ - ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืคื™ืฉ ืื“ืขืจ ื ืจื•ืฆื— ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ื.ื.ื•ื•. ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืจืื’ืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืžืื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข. ืึทื–ืึท ืคืจืื’ืขืก ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข: ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืœื•ื ื“ (ืฉื•ื•ืขื“ืŸ), ื•ื•ื™ื˜ื•ื•ืึทื˜ืขืจืกืจืึทื ื“ (ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงืข), ืกื˜ืึธืงื›ืึธืœื (ืฉื•ื•ืขื“ืŸ) ืื•ืŸ Wรผrzburg (ื“ื™ื™ึทื˜ืฉืœืึทื ื“) ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ ืงืึทืžื‘ื™ื™ื ื“? ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืžื™ืกื˜ืึธืžืข ืขืคึผืขืก ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื ืงืจืขื“ืึทื‘ืœื™ ื ื•ืฆื™ืง. ื ื•, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข, ื ื™ื™ืžืœื™ ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ืกื˜ ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– ื ืึทื•ื•ื™ื’ื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ. ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืง ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ืึทืœืฅ ื ื™ืฉื˜ื™ืง, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืื™ื– ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ืื›ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืกื˜ ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื– ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ. ืึทื–ื•ื™, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืง ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึทื•ื•ื™ื’ืึทืฆื™ืข ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ืกื˜ ื–ืฉื•ืง, ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคืึทืจืžืขืกื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื? ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคึฟืขืจืก ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืคึฟืจืื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข. ื’ื™ื™.

ืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืึทื’ืึทื ืึทืกื˜

ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ. ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง, ื›ืึทืจื“ื•ื•ืขืจืงื™ื ื’, ืคึผืขืจืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื˜, ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืจื™ื ื’. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืžื™ืกื˜ ื–ืฉื•ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืคึผืขืจืคืึทืžื™ืœื™ Scarabaeidae.

ืžื™ืกื˜ ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– ื’ืึทื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึทื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืึทืกื˜ืจืึทื ืึทืžื™ืง ืคึผืจืขืคึฟืขืจืขื ืฆืŸ. ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื’ืจืึธื‘, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืžื™ืกื˜ ื–ืฉื•ืง ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ืžืงื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ืึทื ืฅ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืžื™ื ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืงื•ื•ืืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืกื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึทืคึฟื™ืœื• ื•ื•ืึทืกืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื•ื™ืกื ืขื ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ื Deltochilum valgum, ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืจืก ืœื™ื‘ืข ืฆื• ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืื•ื™ืฃ ืกืขื ื˜ื™ืคึผืขื“ืขืก.

ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืขื•ื•ืึทืœืึทื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืกื˜ ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืžืขืงืึทื ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืง ื‘ืืฉืขืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื–ื™ื™ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœืข ืงืึธื ื˜ื™ื ืขื ืฅ ืึทื—ื•ืฅ ืึทื ื˜ืึทืจืงื˜ื™ืงืึท. ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉืึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ืœ ืคืึธืจืึทืก ืฆื• ื”ื™ื™ืก ื“ื™ื–ืขืจืฅ. ื“ืึธืš, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืงืึทื ืกืึทื ื˜ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืกื˜ ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– ืื™ืŸ ื›ื™ื™ึทืข ื›ืึทื‘ืึทืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ "ืคืึทื‘ืจื™ืงืŸ" ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืขืกื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’. ืžื™ืกื˜ ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืฆื• ืงืจืึธื ืขืกื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜.


ื ืงื•ืจืฅ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžื™ืกื˜ ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืขืงืกื™ื˜ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ (BBC, David Attenborough).

ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืžื™ื ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจืึทืœ ืึทื“ืึทืคึผื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืงืขืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืก. ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคืึธืจืขื ื‘ืึทืœืœืก ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืกื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืจืึธื•ืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืœืึธืš. ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื’ืจืื‘ืŸ ื˜ื•ื ืขืœืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“, ืื ืคื™ืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืขืกืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืึธืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžื•ื›ืึทืžืึทื“ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจ, ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืคื ืก ืžื™ืกื˜.

ืขืกื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืกื•ืคึผืคึผืœื™ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื–ืฉื•ืง, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš-ืคึผืจืขื–ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืจื’ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜ ื–ืืžืขืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืื™ื– ืึทื– ืžื™ืกื˜ ื–ืฉื•ืง ืœืึทืจื•ื•ื™ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืึธื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืืžืœื˜ ืคืจื™ืขืจ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจ ืžื™ืกื˜, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ืขืกื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืœืึทืจื•ื•ื™, ื“ื™ ืžืขืจ ืžืกืชึผืžื ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืœื™ื™ึทื‘ื  ืœืขื‘ืŸ.

ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึธืจืžื™ื•ืœื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืœืขืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ื•ื˜, ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื˜ื™ื™ืœ:... ื–ื›ืจื™ื ืงืขืžืคืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื ืงื‘ื•ืช, ืจื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึฟื™ืก ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื ืขืœ, ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืคึผืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืขื’ื ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืึธืจืŸ-ื•ื•ื™ ืึทื•ื˜ื’ืจืึธื•ื˜ื– ... ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื–ื›ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื”ืขืจื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทืžื‘ืึทื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ื’ืึธื ืึทื“ืก ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื‘ืœืขืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื ืขืœ ...

ื ื•, ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืก ืžืึทืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ืจื™ืงืก ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ื–ื™ืš.

ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžืื ื˜ ืคืจื™ืขืจ, ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžื™ื ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืกื˜ ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– ืคืึธืจืขื ื‘ืึทืœืœืก ืื•ืŸ ืจืึธื•ืœื“ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืฉื•ืจื”, ืจืึทื’ืึทืจื“ืœืึทืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœื˜ืข ืžืึทืจืฉืจื•ื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืœืึธืš. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก ืึธืคึผืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ื“ืึทื ืง ืฆื• ืคื™ืœืข ื“ืึทืงื™ื•ืžืขื ื˜ืขืจื™. ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื™ื™ึทื˜ (ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžื™ื ื™ื ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ 1000 ืžืืœ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธื’), ื’ืึทืกื˜ืจืึทื ืึทืžื™ืง ืคึผืจืขืคึฟืขืจืขื ืฆืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืจื’ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื–ืืžืขืŸ, ืžื™ืกื˜ ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ืกืคึผื™ื™ืฉืึทืœ ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’. ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื™ื ืกืขืงืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ื ืึทื•ื•ื™ื’ื™ืจืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ึท ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงืข (ื“ื™ ืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื‘ื–ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–), ืึท ืžื™ืกื˜ ื–ืฉื•ืง, ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ "ืจื•ื™ื‘", ืคืืจืžืขืŸ ืึท ืคึผื™ืœืงืข ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฆื• ืจืึธื•ืœื“ ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืฉื•ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจืึทืค ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’, ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ื™ืžืคึผืึธืจื˜ืึทื ื˜ืœื™ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืžืคึผืขื˜ื™ื˜ืึธืจืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงื•ื•ืขื ืงืœืขืŸ ืฆื• ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง. ื“ืืก ืขืกืŸ ื•ื•ืืก ื–ื™ ื”ืื˜ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืึทื ื˜ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•, ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืžืึทืš ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืึทืœืข ืžืึธืœ, ืึธืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง.

ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืจืขืคึฟืขืจืขื ืฅ ืคื•ื ื˜, ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืœืขืš. ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธื’, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจืึทื“ื•ืกืึทื– ื“ื™ ืึทืงื™ืขืจืึทืกื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’. ืคืืจื•ื•ืืก ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ื™ื–ืŸ, ื–ื™ืš ืฆืขืžื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืคึผืข ื™ืขื“ืขืจ 2 ืžื™ื ื•ื˜? ืขืก ืื™ื– ืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืึทืœ ืฆื• ื™ื‘ืขืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืžืงื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ืกืึทื’ื“ื–ืฉืขืกื˜ื™ื“ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข ืจืขืคึฟืขืจืขื ืฅ ืคื•ื ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึท ื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืง ืฉื˜ืจื™ืš, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืึทื ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืงืึทืงืจืึธื•ื˜ืฉื™ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’.

ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ื“ื™ ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืฆื• ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ืกื˜ ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ืขื ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืžืึธื“ืึทืœ ืกืขื ืกืขืจื™ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืฆื• ื ืึทื•ื•ื™ื’ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืขืก ืกื™ื™ืžืึทืœื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ืึทืกืœื™. ืึธื‘ืกืขืจื•ื•ืึทืฆื™ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื–ืฉืขืจืžืึทื ืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฅ 'ื ืึทื˜ื™ืจืœืขืš ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ืžื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“, ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืึธื•ืœื“ ืœืึทื‘ืึธืจืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ืข ื˜ื ืึธื™ื.

ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ, ื“ื™ ืจืึธืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื˜ืขืžืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืคื™ืœื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ื–ืฉื•ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ื ืกืงืึทืจืึทื‘ืึทืขื•ืก ืœืึทืžืึทืจืงืงื™, ืื•ืŸ ืึธื‘ืกืขืจื•ื•ืึทืฆื™ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึทื˜ื™ืจืœืขืš ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืจื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืึธื ืขื”ืขื ื’ืข ืคืึทืจื, ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื–ืฉืึธื”ืึทื ื ืขืกื‘ื•ืจื’ (ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงืข).

ื‘ื™ืœื“ ื ื•ืž 1: ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธื’ (ะ), ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธื’ (ะ’).

ืคึผืจื™ืœื™ืžืึทื ืขืจื™ ืžืขื–ืฉืขืจืžืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜. ื‘ื™ื™ ื ืึทื›ื˜, ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืœืึธื•ืึทืกื˜ (<0,5 ืขื / s), ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื˜ืึธื’, ืจื™ื˜ืฉื˜ ืึท ื˜ืขื’ืœืขืš ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ (3 ืขื / s) ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ 11:00 ืื•ืŸ 13:00 (ื–ื•ื  ื”ื™ื™ืš ~ 70 ยฐ).

ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ืึธื•ื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื–ื™ื™ ื™ืงืกื™ื“ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืœ ืคื•ืŸ 0,15 ืขื / s ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืขื ืึธื˜ื˜ืึทืงื˜ื™ืง ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืกื˜ ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื–. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ, ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืงืึธื•ื™ื ืกื™ื™ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– ืกืงืึทืจืึทื‘ืึทืขื•ืก ืœืึทืžืึทืจืงืงื™.

ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– ื–ืขืžืœ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืจื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืฉื•ืจื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ื ื˜ ืฆื• ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš, ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืžืึทืจืฉืจื•ื˜ ื ืขืžื˜ 6.1 ยฑ 3.8 ืžื™ื ื•ื˜. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื ืึธื›ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืจืฉืจื•ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš.

ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทืงืกื™ืžื•ื ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– (ืคื•ืŸ 06:30 ืฆื• 18:30), ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 6 ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ 27.0 ยฐ.

ื“ื•ืจืš ืงืึทืžื‘ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธื’, ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึทื– ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ืขื˜ืขืจ ื˜ื ืึธื™ื ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืžืึธื“ืึทืœ ื ืึทื•ื•ื™ื’ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื–.

ื‘ื™ืœื“ #2

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืึธื‘ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืจืŸ. ืฆื• ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ื”ืฉืคึผืขื” ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืกืคึผื™ื™ืฉืึทืœ ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืงืขืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืกื˜ ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื–, ืึท ืงื™ื™ึทืœืขื›ื™ืง "ืึทืจืขื ืข" ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืขืกื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ ืฆื• ืจืึธื•ืœื“ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืœืœืก ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ื™ึทื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืึธื•ืœื“, ืกื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœ ืœื•ืคื˜ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 3 ืขื / s. ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืกืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงืœืึธืจ ื˜ืขื’ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืจื™ื“ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธื’ ื•ื•ื™ ื’ื™ื™ื˜: โ‰ฅ75 ยฐ (ื”ื•ื™ืš), 45-60 ยฐ (ืžื™ื˜ืŸ), ืื•ืŸ 15-30 ยฐ (ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง).

ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ืคื˜ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœืข ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 180 ยฐ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื–ืฉื•ืง ื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ืฅ (2A). ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืœื™ื™ึทื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืงืœืขืจืึธื•ืกืึทืก, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืจืฉืจื•ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœื˜. ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ื“ืึธืก, ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื ืงืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืจืขื ืข ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ื™ ืกืึทื‘ืกืึทืงื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื–ืฉื•ืง ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ื“ื™ืงืึทื˜ืึธืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’.

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืš โ‰ฅ75 ยฐ (ื”ื•ื™ืš), ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื–ื™ืžื•ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืฆื• ืึท 180 ยฐ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืจื’ืข ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื“ ืึทืจื•ื 180 ยฐ (ืคึผ <0,001, V ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ) ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 166.9 ยฑ 79.3 ยฐ (2B). ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ, ืึท ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขืจ ื–ื•ืŸ (ืึท ืฉืคึผื™ื’ืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜) ื“ื•ืจืš 180 ยฐ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืจื˜ ืึท ืกืึทื˜ืึทืœ ืึธืคึผืจื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ 13,7 ยฑ 89,1 ยฐ (ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ืงืจื™ื™ึทื– ืื•ื™ืฃ 2B).

ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’ืœื™, ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืš, ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– ืกื˜ืึทืง ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืจื•ืฅ ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ - ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ื”ื™ื™ืš: -15,9 ยฑ 40,2 ยฐ; ืคึผ <0,001; ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง ื”ื™ื™ืš: 7,1 ยฑ 37,6 ยฐ, ืคึผ <0,001 (2C ะธ 2D). ืื‘ืขืจ ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ืก ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 180 ยฐ ื”ืื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจื˜ ืึธืคึผืจื•ืฃ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ืึท ืจืึทื“ื™ืงืึทืœ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืฉื•ืง ืก ืžืึทืจืฉืจื•ื˜ - ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ื”ื™ื™ืš: 153,9 ยฑ 83,3 ยฐ; ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง ื”ื™ื™ืš: -162 ยฑ 69,4ยฐ; P <0,001 (ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ืงืจื™ื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 2A, ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืกืก ะธ 2D).

ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื™ื ืคืœื•ืึทื ืกื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจืš ืกืžืขืœืœืก. ืฆื• ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื, ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึทื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืึทืœ ืึทื ื˜ืขื ืข ืกืขื’ืžืึทื ืฅ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจื˜ืœืขืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืžืขืงืŸ. ืจื•ื˜ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืฆื• 180 ยฐ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ื™ื’ื–ื™ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื‘ืื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื“ ืึทืจื•ื 180 ยฐ. ืื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืึทื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืฉืžืขืงืŸ.

ืึท ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื“ื™ื™ื˜ ืžืกืงื ื ืื™ื– ืึทื– ืžื™ืกื˜ ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ, ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืึธื•ืœื“ ืœืึทื‘ืึธืจืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ืข ื˜ื ืึธื™ื, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทืก ื“ืึธืžื™ื ื™ืจื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ื ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทืก ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืš, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื”ืึธืจื™ื–ืึธื ื˜.

ื“ื™ ืึธื‘ืกืขืจื•ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ื™ื ื“ื™ืงื™ื™ืฅ ืึทื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื“ื™ื ืึทืžื™ืฉ ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืžืึธื“ืึทืœ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทืก ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืœืึทื˜ื™ื– ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืกืขื ืกืขืจื™ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข. ื“ืึธืก ื”ื™ื™ืกื˜, ื“ืขืจ ื–ืฉื•ืง ื ืึทื•ื•ื™ื’ื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธื’, ืจื™ืœื™ื™ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืœืขืš ืžืงื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ (ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง - ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืึท ืจืขืคึฟืขืจืขื ืฅ; ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ื”ื•ื™ืš - ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืึท ืจืขืคึฟืขืจืขื ืฅ).

ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš, ื“ื™ ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืฆื• ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ืฆื™ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื•ืขืง, ืึท ืืจืขื ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื“ื™ืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 1 ืขื ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืขืกื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ, ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ 20 ืกืึทื ืกืขืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื”ื•ื™ืš ืฉื˜ืขืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ: 10 ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ 10 ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ (2F).

ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืจื˜, ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ึทื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืึทืงื™ืขืจืึทืกื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื–. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ ืึทื‘ื–ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื•ื  ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทืก ืึทืงื™ืขืจืึทืกื™, ื“ื™ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื–ื™ืžื•ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืกืึทืงืกืขืกื™ื•ื• ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืึทื‘ืึทืœื“ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื”ื•ื™ืš ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœืข (> 75 ยฐ) ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืฆื• ืึท ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœืข (<60 ยฐ).

ืึทื–ื•ื™, ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืคื™ืขืกืขืก ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืจืึธืœืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืกื˜ ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื–, ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื ืกื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื™ื ืึทืงื™ืขืจืึทืกื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ื  ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทืก. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืงืึทืœืขืงืฅ ืึท ื–ืฉื•ืง ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’? ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืงืœืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ื–ืึทืš ืื™ื– ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ื›ืึทืคึผืึทื ื– ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืึทื ื˜ืขื ืึทื–. ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื“ืขื, ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ื˜ืขืกืฅ ื™ื ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจื“ื™ืง ืœื•ืคื˜ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ (3 ืขื / s) ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– - ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืขื ืึทื– (3A).

ื‘ื™ืœื“ #3

ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืงืจื™ื˜ืขืจื™ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืึทืงื™ืขืจืึทืกื™ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื–ื™ืžื•ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืึทืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืฉื™ื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื•ืคื˜ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš 180 ยฐ.

ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื ื˜ืขื ืึทืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจื“ ืึทืจื•ื 180 ยฐ, ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืึทืกื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– ืึธืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืขื ืข. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืึทื‘ืกืึธืœื•ื˜ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื–ื™ืžื•ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– ืึธืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืขื ืึทืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 104,4 ยฑ 36,0 ยฐ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื‘ืกืึธืœื•ื˜ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื ื˜ืขื ืึทืข - 141,0 ยฑ 45,0 ยฐ (ื’ืจืึทืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืกื•ื•). ืึทื– ืื™ื–, ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– ืึธืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืขื ืึทื– ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึทื•ื•ื™ื’ื™ืจืŸ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืœื“ 3A ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื˜ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืข ืกืขื˜ืึทืคึผ ืฆื• ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– 'ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืกืขื ืกืขืจื™ ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืœืึทื˜ื™ื– ืฆื• ืกื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžืึทืจืฉืจื•ื˜. ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก, ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืข ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืœืึทื ื“ืžืึทืจืงืก (ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ + ื–ื•ืŸ) ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“ืžืึทืจืง (ื–ื•ืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜) ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’, ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืžืึธื“ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื ื™ืžืึธื“ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“.

ืึธื‘ืกืขืจื•ื•ืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืึทื– ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžืึทืœื˜ื™- ืฆื• ืึท ื•ื ื™ืžืึธื“ืึทืœ ืœืึทื ื“ืžืึทืจืง ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืึทื ืกืึทื ื˜ืจื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ืึทืจื•ื 0 ยฐ: ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื–: -8,2 ยฑ 64,3 ยฐ; ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื–ื•ืŸ: 16,5 ยฑ 51,6 ยฐ (ื’ืจืึทืคืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ 3C).

ื“ื™ ืงืขืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ื™ึทื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ (ื–ื•ืŸ + ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜) ืœืึทื ื“ืžืึทืจืงืก (ื’ืจืึทืฃ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ืงืก ืื™ืŸ ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืกืก).

ื“ืึธืก ืกืึทื’ื“ื–ืฉืขืกืฅ ืึทื–, ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืึธื•ืœื“ ื˜ื ืึธื™ื, ืึท ื–ืฉื•ืง ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“ืžืึทืจืง ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื•ืžืคึผื™ื ืงื˜ืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“ืžืึทืจืง ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข.

ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืึทื– ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ืกื˜ืึทืคึผื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื–ื•ื™. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– ืงืจืึธื ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืึทื ื“ืžืึทืจืงืก, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ ื–ื™ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื”ืขืกืึธืคืข. ืฆ ื• ื“ืข ื ืฆืฐืข ืง ื–ืฒื ืข ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืคื™ืจ ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืืจ ืŸ 4 ืฆื•ื’ืื ื’ ืŸ : ืื™ ืŸ ื“ืข ื ืขืจืฉื˜ ืŸ ืื™ ื– ื’ืขืฐืข ืŸ 1 ืœืื ื“ืืžืืจ ืง (ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ) , ื‘ืฒ ื ืฆืฐืฒื˜ ืŸ ืื• ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื˜ ืŸ ื”ื ื˜ ืžืข ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื ื•ืžืข ืŸ ื ืœื•ืคื˜ึพืฉื˜ืื , ืื• ืŸ ื‘ ืฒ ื“ืข ืจ ืคืขืจื˜ืข ืจ ืื™ ื– ื ื ืจ ื’ืขืฐืข ืŸ ื ืœื•ืคื˜ึพืฉื˜ืจืึธื . ื ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืข ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ื•ื•ื• ื“ื™ ืœืึทื ื“ืžืึทืจืงืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจื˜ ืกื“ืจ: ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜, ื–ื•ืŸ + ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜, ื–ื•ืŸ + ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜, ื–ื•ืŸ.

ื ื˜ืขื ื˜ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ื˜ืขืึธืจื™ืข ืื™ื– ืึทื– ืื•ื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืงืจืึธื ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืœืึทื ื“ืžืึทืจืงืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืกืคึผื™ื™ืฉืึทืœ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืจืš, ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืขืจื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ืฅ, ื“.ื”. ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ื–ืึธืœ ืงื ื•ื™ืœ ืึทืจื•ื 0 ยฐ.

ื‘ื™ืœื“ #4

ื“ื™ ื’ืขื–ืืžืœื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื–ื™ืžื•ื˜ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืขืจื˜ ืจืึทื ื– ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ืึทืฉืึธืจืข (4 ืึท), ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืžืึธื“ืขืœื™ื ื’, ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืคึผื™ืงื˜ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง 4C (ืœื™ื ืงืก).

ื•ื•ื™ ืึทืŸ ื ืึธืš ื˜ืฉืขืง, ื˜ืขืกืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ื•ื•ื• ื“ื™ ืœื•ืคื˜ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื™ื– ืจื™ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืึทืœื˜ืจืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ืึทืœื™ื˜ ืึธืจื˜ (4 ื‘ ืื•ืŸ 4 ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜). ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ื™ื™ื“ืขื ื™ืงืึทืœ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ืคื˜ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ื˜ืขืกืฅ.

ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืžืขืจ ื“ื™ื˜ื™ื™ืœื“ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืึทื ืกื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ, ืื™ืš ืจืขืงืึธืžืขื ื“ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ืงื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜ ะธ ื ืึธืš ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœืก ืฆื• ืื™ื.

ืขืคึผื™ืœืึธื’

ื“ื™ ืงืึธืžื‘ื™ื ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืงืกืคึผืขืจืึทืžืึทื ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื ืึทื˜ื™ืจืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืึธื•ืœื“ ื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืจืึทื ืžืึทื ืฅ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืกื˜ ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื–, ื•ื•ื™ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื˜ืฉืึทื ืึธืกืขื ืกืขืจื™ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืขืจื“ื–ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ื ืขื•ืจืึทืœ ื ืขืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืจื“ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืžืึธื“ืึทืœ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทืก. ื ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื ืึทืก ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขืคึฟืขืจืขื ืฅ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืึทื– ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– ื˜ืขื ื“ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืคึฟืขืจืขื ืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข. ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืกืคึผืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ืฉื™ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ.

ื“ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ื–ืึทืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืึทื– ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืžืึทืจืš ืื™ื– ืคื™ืœ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฉื•ืง. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜, ืืคื™ืœื• ื“ื™ ืงืœืขื ืกื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืืฉืขืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื’ืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœืขืงืก ื’ื™ื™ึทืกื˜ื™ืง ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืึทื–, ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœื“ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืฆืœ ื“ืขืคึผืขื ื“ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืกื™ื™ื›ืœ, ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืึธืคื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืงืึธืžื‘ื™ื ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข.

ืคืจื™ื™ื˜ืื’ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง-ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ:


ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– ืงืขืžืคืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืจื•ื™ื‘. ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืจื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ื– ืึท ืคึผื™ืœืงืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืžื™ืกื˜.
(BBC Earth, David Attenborough)

ื“ืึทื ืงืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ, ื‘ืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืึธืคึผืจื•ื˜ืขื’ ื’ื™ื™ื–! ๐Ÿ™‚

ื“ืื ืง ืื™ืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกื˜ื™ื™ื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–. ืฆื™ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ? ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜? ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ื•ืจืš ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ ืึท ืกื“ืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืจืขืงืึทืžืขื ื“ื™ื“ ืฆื• ืคืจืขื ื“ื–, 30% ืึทืจืึธืคึผืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ Habr ื™ื•ื–ืขืจื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืง ืึทื ืึทืœืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข-ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื™ื ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ืึทื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ืจ: ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืืžืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 ืงืึธืจืขืก) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps ืคึฟื•ืŸ $20 ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืึท ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ? (ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืžื™ื˜ RAID1 ืื•ืŸ RAID10, ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 24 ืงืึธืจืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 40GB DDR4).

Dell R730xd 2 ืžืืœ ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืขืจ? ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธ 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TV ืคึฟื•ืŸ $199 ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขื˜ื”ืขืจืœืึทื ื“ืก! Dell R420 - 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB - ืคึฟื•ืŸ $99! ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ื™ื ืคืจืึทืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ืงืึธืจืคึผ. ืงืœืึทืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ 9000 ืขื•ืจืึธืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืคึผืขื ื™?

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’