ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืฉืึทืคื˜: ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืฅ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืกืขืก

ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืฉืึทืคื˜: ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืฅ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืกืขืก

ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืึทืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ืื•ื ื“ื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื™ึทืขืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืจืึธื ืึทื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืก. ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืงืจืขื ืง, ืคืจื™ ื“ื™ืึทื’ื ืึธืกื™ืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึทืžืฃ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึท ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืก. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ื™ื ืคืขืงื˜ืึทื“ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื’ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ืžืคึผื˜ืึธืžืก, ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืึทืขืจืึธืคึผืึธืจื˜ ืกืงืึทื ืขืจื– ื“ื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื“ ืฆื• ื“ืขื˜ืขืงื˜ ื•ื•ืื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืคืขืงืฆื™ืข ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื™ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืฆื™ืขื ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืึท ืžืึทืกืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ืคึผืึทืกืึทื ื“ื–ืฉืขืจื–. ื“ื™ ืงืฉื™ื ืขืจื™ื™ื–ืึทื–: ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื–ื™ืš ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ? ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš, ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืื™ื– ื™ืžื™ื•ื ืึทื˜ื™. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ื ืคืœื•ืึทื ืกื™ื– ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื™ืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ืžืคึผื˜ืึธืžืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืจืขื ืง. ืกืกื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืกืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืœื™ืคืึธืจื ื™ืึท ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื–ืึธื ืึท (USA) ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืขื’ื ืฉื˜ืขืœ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืกืขืก ื“ืขืคึผืขื ื“ืก ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืกื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืคึผืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืคืœื•ืขื ืฆื™ืข ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืกื™ืงื•ื•ืึทื ืก. ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžืขื˜ื”ืึธื“ืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึทืžืฃ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืขืคึผื™ื“ืขืžื™ืงืก? ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคึฟืขืจืก ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคึฟืจืื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข. ื’ื™ื™.

ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ื™ืงืขืจ

ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืคืœื• ืžืึทื ืึทืคืขืกื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืคืึทืงื˜ืึธืจ (ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ืจืึทืœ ื“ืจื•ื’ืก, ืคืึทืจื”ื™ื˜ื ื“ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ, ืืื–"ื• ื•), ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื–ื™ืš, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืคึผืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ื ืคืขืงืฅ ืึท ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืฆื™ืขื ื˜. ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืกื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืคึผืข ื”ืื˜ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืงืขืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืก, ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืึธืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื“ืขืžืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ื’ืจื•ืคึผืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืคืขืงื˜ืึทื“. ืกืกื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืกืฅ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ H1N1 ("ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืคืœื•") ืื•ืŸ H3N2 (ื”ืึธื ื’ ืงืึธื ื’ ืคืœื•) ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืกืขืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜, ื•ื•ื™ืจืงืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืฆื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ืคืขืจืขื ื˜ืœื™: H3N2 ื– ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ืงืึทืกืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืจืขื ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืžืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ืข; H1N1 ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื“ืขื“ืœื™ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืึธืคื˜ ืึทืคืขืงืฅ ืžื™ื˜ืœ-ืึทืœื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ.

ืึทื–ืึท ื“ื™ืคืขืจืึทื ืกื™ื– ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื“ื™ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ืขื•ื•ืึธืœื•ืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืกืขืก ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ * ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ.

ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ * - ืึท ืžื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’-ื˜ืขืจืžื™ืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ื’ืขืฉืืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืื–ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื™ืงืกืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื ืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืจืึทืœ ืื ืคืืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื’ื•ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืจื™ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ, ื“ื™ ืจื™ืกืขืจื˜ืฉืขืจื– ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ืขืคึผื™ื“ืขืžื™ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืงืึทืœ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ืฆื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืฉืึทืคื˜ ื™ืžืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื™ื ืคืœื•ืึทื ืกื™ื– ื“ื™ ืขืคึผื™ื“ืขืžื™ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ื–ืึทื ืึทืœ ื™ื ืคืœื•ืขื ืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืึทื–ื•ื™, ืฆื™ ืขืก ืืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ืคึฟืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื”ืึธืžืึธืกื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื™ืฉ* ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจืš ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื”ืขื˜ืขืจืึธืกื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื™ืฉ* ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ.

ื”ืึธืžืึธืกื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืคึผื™ืง ื™ืžื™ื•ื ืึทื˜ื™ * - ื™ื ืคืขืงืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืกื™ื–ืึทื ืึทืœ ื™ื ืคืœื•ืขื ืฆื™ืข ื ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืกืขืก ืคึผืจืึทืžืึธื•ืฅ ื“ื™ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืคึผืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืก.

ื”ืขื˜ืขืจืึธืกื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืคึผื™ืง ื™ืžื™ื•ื ืึทื˜ื™ * - ื™ื ืคืขืงืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืกื™ื–ืึทื ืึทืœ ื™ื ืคืœื•ืขื ืฆื™ืข ื ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืกืขืก ืคึผืจืึทืžืึธื•ืฅ ื“ื™ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืกืึทื‘-ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื– ืึทื ืจื™ืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืก.

ืื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืึท ืงื™ื ื“ 'ืก ื™ืžื™ื•ื ืึทื˜ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ืขืจ ื™ืงืกืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื ืกื™ื– ืœืึธื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืฉื˜ื•ื“ื™ื•ื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืึทื– ืึทื“ืึทืœืฅ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื˜ืืจืงืขืจ ื™ืžื™ื•ื ืึทื˜ื™ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืกืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื ืคืขืงื˜ืึทื“ ื•ื•ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ. ื™ืžืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืœืขืฆื˜ื ืก ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉื™ืฆืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืึทื•ื•ื™ืึทืŸ ื™ื ืคืœื•ืขื ืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืกืึทื‘ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ื”ืขืžืึทื’ืœื•ื˜ื™ื ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืœืึธื’ืขื ืขื˜ื™ืง ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข (ื”ืขืžืึทื’ืœื•ื˜ื™ื ื™ืŸ, ื”ืžื’ื™ื“), ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื™ื ืคืขืงืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืฉืึทืคื˜.

ื‘ื™ื– ืœืขืฆื˜ื ืก, ืฉืžืึธืœ ืงืจื™ื™ึทื–-ืคึผืจืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ื™ืžื™ื•ื ืึทื˜ื™ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจื™ืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ HA ืกื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืคึผืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื”ืืœื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืžืึธื“ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืฉื•ืฅ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืกื™ื–ืึทื ืึทืœ ื™ื ืคืœื•ืขื ืฆื™ืข. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืกืึทื’ื“ื–ืฉืขืกื˜ื™ื“ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืžื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืžื™ื•ื ืึทื˜ื™ ืงืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื ืคืœื•ืึทื ืกื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื™ื ืคืœื•ืขื ืฆื™ืข ืึทื ื˜ื™ื’ืขื ืก (ืœืžืฉืœ ื ืขื•ืจืึทืžื™ื ื™ื“ืึทืกืข, NA). ื–ื™ื ื˜ 1918, ื“ืจื™ื™ ืกื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืคึผืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื™ื“ืขื ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืžืึทื ื–: H1, H2 ืื•ืŸ H3. ื“ืขืจืฆื•, H1 ืื•ืŸ H2 ื’ืขื”ืขืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคื™ืœืึธื’ืขื ืขื˜ื™ืง ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข 1, ืื•ืŸ H3 ืฆื• ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข 2.

ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ื™ืžืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืžืกืชึผืžื ื– ืงื™ื™ืคืœ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ, ืขืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื›ื™ื™ืขืจืึทืจืงื™.

ืกืกื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืกืฅ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืึทื– ื–ื™ื ื˜ 1977, ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืกื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืคึผืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืคืœื•ืขื ืฆื™ืข ื - H1N1 ืื•ืŸ H3N2 - ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืกืขืจืงื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืกื™ื–ืึทื ืึทืœื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืคืขืœืงืขืจื•ื ื’. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืคืขืจืึทื ืกื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืžืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืคืขืงืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืกื™ืžืคึผื˜ืึธืžืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืงืœืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืึทืš ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜. ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืคืขืจืึทื ืกื™ื– ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืกืคึผืึทืกื™ืคื™ืงืœื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืงื™ื ื“ืฉืึทืคื˜ ื™ืžืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’: ืขืœื˜ืขืจืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื™ืงืกืคึผืึธื•ื–ื“ ืฆื• H1N1 ื•ื•ื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ (ืคื•ืŸ 1918 ืฆื• 1975 ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืกื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืคึผืข ืกืขืจืงื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืžืึทื ื–). ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขืงื˜ืขื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ืกื™ื–ืึทื ืึทืœ ื•ื•ืขืจื™ืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืกื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืคึผืข. ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืึทื–ื•ื™, ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’ ืึทื“ืึทืœืฅ, ื“ื™ ื”ืขื›ืกื˜ืŸ ืœื™ืงืขืœื™ื”ืึธืึธื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืฉืึทืคื˜ ื™ืžืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจ ืคืจื™ืฉ H3N2 (ื‘ื™ืœื“ #1), ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืœืขืคื™ืขืจืขืš ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื ื™ืงืึทืœื™ ืจืขืคึผืึธืจื˜ืขื“ ืงืึทืกืขืก ืคื•ืŸ H3N2 ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืขืžืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง.

ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืฉืึทืคื˜: ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืฅ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืกืขืก
ื‘ื™ืœื“ ื ื•ืž 1: ื•ื•ืึทืจื™ืึทื ื˜ ืžืึธื“ืขืœืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคืขื ื’ื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืžื™ื•ื ืึทื˜ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ืžืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืฉืึทืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจืึทืœ ืขื•ื•ืึธืœื•ืฆื™ืข.

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื”ืึทื ื˜, ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืคืขืจืึทื ืกื™ื– ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขื•ื•ืึธืœื•ืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืกืึทื‘ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก ื–ื™ืš. ืื–ื•ื™, H3N2 ื“ืขืžืึทื ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ืฅ ืคืึทืกื˜ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ืคืขื ื“ื™ืง* ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื™ื’ืขื ื™ืง ืคืขื ืึธื˜ื™ืคึผืข ื•ื•ื™ H1N1.

ืึทื ื˜ื™ื’ืขืŸ ื“ืจื™ืคื˜* - ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ-ืคืึธืจืžื™ื ื’ ื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืคืœืึทืš ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืกืขืก.

ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืกื™ื‘ื”, H3N2 ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืฆื• ื•ื™ืกืžื™ื™ื“ืŸ ืคึผืจื™-ื™ื’ื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ื™ืžื™ื•ื ืึทื˜ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืžื™ื•ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืงืึทืœืœื™ ื™ืงืกืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื ืกื˜ ืึทื“ืึทืœืฅ, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ H1N1 ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขืคื™ืขืจืขืš ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ืขื“ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืคืขืงืฅ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ืžื™ื•ื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืึทืœืœื™ ื ืึทื™ื•ื• ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ.

ืฆื• ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืึทืœืข ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื›ื™ื™ืคึผืึทื˜ืึทืกืึทื–, ื“ื™ ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ืขืคึผื™ื“ืขืžื™ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืงืึทืœ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืงืจื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืœื™ืงืขืœื™ื”ืึธืึธื“ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึทืจื™ืึทื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ืžืึธื“ืขืœืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ Akaike ืื™ื ืคืืจืžืืฆื™ืข ืงืจื™ื˜ืขืจื™ืึธืŸ (AIC).

ืึทืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื›ื™ื™ืคึผืึทื˜ืึทืกืึทืก ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืคืขืจืึทื ืกื™ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื™ืžืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขื•ื•ืึธืœื•ืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืกืขืก.

ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’

ื”ื™ืคึผืึธื˜ื”ืขืกื™ืก ืžืึธื“ืขืœื™ื ื’ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื™ื–ืึธื ืึท ื“ืขืคึผืึทืจื˜ืžืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืก (ADHS) ืคื•ืŸ 9510 ืกื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื“ืข ืกื™ื–ืึทื ืึทืœ H1N1 ืื•ืŸ H3N2 ืงืึทืกืขืก. ื‘ืขืขืจืขืš 76% ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืคึผืึธืจื˜ืขื“ ืงืึทืกืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืขื“ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืึธืกืคึผื™ื˜ืึทืœืก โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ืื•ืŸ ืœืึทื‘ืึธืจืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ืขืก, ื“ื™ ืจื•ืขืŸ ืงืึทืกืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื ืกืคึผืขืกื™ืคื™ืขื“ ืื™ืŸ ืœืึทื‘ืึธืจืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ืขืก. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ ืึทื– ื‘ืขืขืจืขืš ื”ืึทืœื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืึทื‘ืึธืจืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ืข-ื“ื™ืึทื’ื ืึธืกืขื“ ืงืึทืกืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขืจื ืกื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืฆื• ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืึทืกืคึผื™ื˜ืึทืœืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ.

ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืงืึธื•ื•ืขืจืก ืึท 22-ื™ืึธืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 1993-1994 ื™ื ืคืœื•ืขื ืฆื™ืข ืกืขื–ืึธืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ 2014-2015 ืกืขื–ืึธืŸ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื›ื“ืื™ ืฆื• ื‘ืืžืขืจืงืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืžื•ืกื˜ืขืจ ืกื™ื–ืขืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืฉืืจืฃ ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ 2009 ืคึผืึทื ื“ืขืžื™ืง, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื“ืขื ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™ืงืกืงืœื•ื“ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื•ืกื˜ืขืจ (ื˜ืึทื‘ืœืข 1).

ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืฉืึทืคื˜: ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืฅ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืกืขืก
ื˜ืึทื‘ืœืข ื ื•ืž 1: ืขืคึผื™ื“ืขืžื™ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืงืึทืœ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 1993 ืฆื• 2015 ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืขื“ ืงืึทืกืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ H1N1 ืื•ืŸ H3N2 ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืกืขืก.

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืึทื– ื–ื™ื ื˜ 2004, ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜ ืœืึทื‘ืึธืจืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ืข ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืฆื• ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจืึทืœ ื™ื ืคืขืงืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืคึผืึทื˜ื™ืขื ืฅ ืฆื• ืจืขื’ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืื•ื™ื˜ืืจื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืžืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืกืขืก ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ (9150/9451) ืคืืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 2004-2005 ืกืขื–ืึธืŸ, ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ื”ืขืจืฉืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืจืึทืคื˜.

ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข 9510 ืงืึทืกืขืก, 58 ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ืงืกืงืœื•ื“ื™ื“ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ ื™ืึธืจ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ 1918 (ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื™ืžืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื•ืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœืืจ ื‘ืืฉืœืืกืŸ), ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš 1 ืคืึทืœ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืœืฉ ืกืคึผืขืกื™ืคื™ืขื“. ืื–ื•ื™, 9541 ืงืึทืกืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืžืึธื“ืขืœ.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืžืึธื“ืขืœื™ื ื’, ื“ื™ ืžืึทืฉืžืึธืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ื™ H1N1, H2N2 ืึธื“ืขืจ H3N2 ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืกืขืก, ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜, ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืฉืœืืกืŸ. ื“ื™ ืžืึทืฉืžืึธืขืก ืคืึทืจื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ื  ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืžื•ืกื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืฆื• ื™ื ืคืœื•ืขื ืฆื™ืข ื ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืคึผืจืขื•ื•ืึทืœืึทื ืก ื“ื•ืจืš ื™ืึธืจ.

ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ 1918 ืื•ืŸ 1957 ืคึผืึทื ื“ืขืžื™ืงืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื™ื ืคืขืงื˜ืึทื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ H1N1 ืกื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืคึผืข. ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ 1957 ืื•ืŸ 1968 ืคึผืึทื ื“ืขืžื™ืงืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืึทืœืข ื™ื ืคืขืงื˜ืึทื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ H2N2 ืกื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืคึผืข (1A). ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื ื˜ 1968, ื“ื™ ื“ืึธืžื™ื ืึทื ื˜ ืกื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืคึผืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ H3N2, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืคืขืงืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืžืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื’ ื“ืขืžืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข.

ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืขื•ื•ืึทืœืึทื ืก ืคื•ืŸ H3N2, H1N1 ื”ืื˜ ื ืึธืš ืกืขืจืงื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืกื™ื–ืึทื ืึทืœื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืคืขืœืงืขืจื•ื ื’ ื–ื™ื ื˜ 1977, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืจื˜ ื™ืžืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืึธืจืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ 1970 ืก (1A).

ืื•ื™ื‘ ื™ืžืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ AN ืกื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืคึผืข ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืฉืึทืคึผืขืก ื“ื™ ืœื™ืงืขืœื™ื”ืึธืึธื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืคืขืงืฆื™ืข ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ืกื™ื–ืึทื ืึทืœ ื™ื ืคืœื•ืขื ืฆื™ืข, ื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ H1 ืึธื“ืขืจ H3 AN ืกื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืคึผืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ ืงื™ื ื“ืฉืึทืคื˜ ื–ืึธืœ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืœื™ืคืœืึธื ื’ ื™ืžื™ื•ื ืึทื˜ื™ ืฆื• ืžืขืจ ืคืจื™ืฉ ื•ื•ืขืจื™ืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ AN ืกื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืคึผืข. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื™ืžืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื™ืžื™ื•ื ืึทื˜ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ืžืึธืก ืงืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก ืคื•ืŸ NA (ื ืขื•ืจืึทืžื™ื ื™ื“ืึทืกืข), ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืคืœืึธื ื’ ืฉื•ืฅ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ N1 ืึธื“ืขืจ N2 (ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืกื•ื•).

ืื•ื™ื‘ ื™ืžืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจืขืจ NA, ื“.ื”. ืฉื•ืฅ ืงืขื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืคึผืขืก ืึทืงืขืจื–, ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ H1 ืื•ืŸ H2 ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขืงื˜ืขื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ืกื™ื–ืึทื ืึทืœ H1N1. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื“ ืฆื• H3 ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขืงื˜ืขื“ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ืกื™ื–ืึทื ืึทืœ H3N2 (ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืกื•ื•).

ืกืกื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืกืฅ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืงืึธืœื™ื ืขืึทืจื™ื˜ื™ (ื‘ืขืขืจืขืš ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜, ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœืขืœื™ื–ืึทื) ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืึธืจื•ื™ืกื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืžืึธื“ืขืœืก (1D-1I) ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉืขืจื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ืขื“ ื“ื™ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืคืœื•ืขื ืฆื™ืข ืึทื ื˜ื™ื’ืขื ื™ืง ืกื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืคึผืขืก ืกืขืจืงื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืคืขืœืงืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜.

ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืจืึธืœืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืคืขืจืขื ืฉื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ HA ืกื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืคึผืข, NA ืกื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืคึผืข ืึธื“ืขืจ HA ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืคื™ืœื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืžื™ื˜ืœ-ืึทืœื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื™ื ืคืขืงื˜ืึทื“ ืžื™ื˜ H2N2 (ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืกื•ื•).

ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืกื˜ืขื“ ืžืึธื“ืขืœืก ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืึท ืœื™ื ืขืึทืจ ืงืึธืžื‘ื™ื ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืขืœื˜ืขืจ-ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืขื ืข ื™ื ืคืขืงืฆื™ืข (ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืกืก), ืื•ืŸ ื™ื ืคืขืงืฆื™ืข ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ (1D-1F), ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ H1N1 ืึธื“ืขืจ H3N2 ืงืึทืกืขืก (1G - 1I).

ื ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ 4 ืžืึธื“ืขืœืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ: ื“ื™ ืกื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืกื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืงืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื“ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ืึธืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ ืžืึธื“ืขืœืก ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ HA ืกื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืคึผืข ืžื“ืจื’ื”, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ NA ืกื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืคึผืข ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ HA ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ืžื“ืจื’ื”.

ื“ื™ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ืึธืจ ื•ื™ืกื‘ื™ื™ื’ ื”ืื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉืจื™ื˜ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืงืึธืจืขื•ื• ืจื™ื–ื™ืงื™ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืคืขืงืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืฆื• 1 ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข 0-4. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื• ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ื™ืง ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข: 5-10, 11-17, 18-24, 25-31, 32-38, 39-45, 46-52, 53-59, 60-66, 67-73, 74-80, 81+.

ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธื“ืขืœืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ื ืงืœื•ื“ืขื“ ื™ืžืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื™ืคืขืงืฅ, ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืึธืจืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ ื™ืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืจืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืงื™ื ื“ืฉืึทืคื˜ ื™ืžืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืคึผืึธืจืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืจืขื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ืจื™ื–ื™ืงื™ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืคืขืงืฆื™ืข.

ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจืึทืœ ืขื•ื•ืึธืœื•ืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึธื“ืขืœื™ื ื’. ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก, ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ืกืงืจื™ื™ื‘ื“ ื™ืขืจืœืขืš ืึทื ื˜ื™ื’ืขื ื™ืง ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืขืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ืคื™ื™ื ื“ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืึทื ื˜ื™ื’ืขื ื™ืง ื“ื™ืกื˜ืึทื ืกืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืจืึทืœ ื™ื™ื›ืขืก (H1N1 ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ 2009, H1N1 ื ืึธืš 2009 ืื•ืŸ H3N2). "ืึทื ื˜ื™ื’ืขื ื™ืง ื“ื™ืกื˜ืึทื ืกืข" ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื™ื ืคืœื•ืขื ืฆื™ืข ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื– ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื’ืจืื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื™ื’ืขื ื™ืง ืคืขื ืึธื˜ื™ืคึผืข ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืขืœ ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ื™ึทื– ืฉื•ืฅ.

ืฆื• ืึทืกืกืขืกืก ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื™ื’ืขื ื™ืง ืขื•ื•ืึธืœื•ืฆื™ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืขืคึผื™ื“ืขืžื™ืข ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’, ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืึธืจืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืงืึทืกืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ืขืกื˜ืขื“ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ืกืขืึทืกืึธื ืก ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืึทื ื˜ื™ื’ืขื ื™ืง ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคืืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ.

ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื™ื’ืขื ื™ืง ื“ืจื™ืคื˜ ืื™ื– ืึท ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืคืึทืงื˜ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ-ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืขื ืข ืจื™ื–ื™ืงื™ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืคืขืงืฆื™ืข, ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืึธืจืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืงืึทืกืขืก ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืขื’ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœื™ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืขืจืœืขืš ืึทื ื˜ื™ื’ืขื ื™ืง ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืขืก. ืื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื ื“ืขืจื’ืึธืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืง ืึทื ื˜ื™ื’ืขื ื™ืง ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืกืขื–ืึธืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ืึทื ื˜ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจ-ื™ื’ื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ื™ืžื™ื•ื ืึทื˜ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืžื™ื•ื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืึทืœืœื™ ื™ืงืกืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื ืกื˜ ืึทื“ืึทืœืฅ. ืึทื–ืึท ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื– ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืึธืŸ ื™ืžื™ื•ื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืึทืœ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ.

ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ

ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื™ืึธืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืึทื– ืกื™ื–ืึทื ืึทืœ H3N2 ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืคืขืงืฆื™ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืข ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–, ื‘ืฉืขืช H1N1 ืึทืคืขืงื˜ืึทื“ ืžื™ื˜ืœ-ืึทืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื’ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ (ื‘ื™ืœื“ #2).

ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืฉืึทืคื˜: ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืฅ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืกืขืก
ื‘ื™ืœื“ ื ื•ืž 2: ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ H1N1 ืื•ืŸ H3N2 ื™ื ืคืœื•ืขื ืฆื™ืข ื“ื•ืจืš ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื“ื–.

ื“ืขืจ ืžื•ืกื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ 2009 ืคึผืึทื ื“ืขืžื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืขืก.

ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืึทื– ื™ืžืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ NA ืกื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืคึผืข ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืคึผืจื™ื“ืึทืžืึทื ื™ื™ืฅ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื™ืžืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ HA ืกื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืคึผืข ืžื“ืจื’ื” (ฮ”AIC = 34.54). ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืคืขืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืึท ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข (ฮ”AIC = 249.06), ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ (ฮ”AIC = 385.42).

ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืฉืึทืคื˜: ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืฅ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืกืขืก
ื‘ื™ืœื“ #3: ืึทืกืกืขืกืกื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึธื“ืขืœืก ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ.

ื•ื•ื™ืกื•ืึทืœ ืึทืกืขืกืžืึทื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธื“ืขืœ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง (3C ะธ 3D) ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืึทื– ืžืึธื“ืขืœืก ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืžืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื™ืคืขืงืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืžืึธืœ ืœืขื•ื•ืขืœืก ืคื•ืŸ NA ืึธื“ืขืจ HA ืกื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืคึผืขืก ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธื“ืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ืžืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืกืึทื’ื“ื–ืฉืขืกืฅ ืึทื– ื™ืžืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืึท ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืžื™ื•ื ืึทื˜ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืงืกืŸ ื‘ืึทืคืขืœืงืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฆื™ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืกื™ื–ืึทื ืึทืœ ื™ื ืคืœื•ืขื ืฆื™ืข ืกื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืคึผืขืก. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื™ืžืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืขื ื’ ืกืคึผืขืฉืึทืœืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ืขืก ืืงื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืคึผืข, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืจื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืคืœื•ืขื ืฆื™ืข ืกื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืคึผืขืก.

ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืฉืึทืคื˜: ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืฅ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืกืขืก
ื˜ื™ืฉ ื ื•ืž 2: ืึทืกืขืกืžืึทื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึธื“ืขืœืก ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ.

ื ืึธืš ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืึธื•ืœื™ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขืžืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’, ื“ื™ ืขืกื˜ื™ืžืึทื˜ืขื“ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ-ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืขื ืข ืจื™ื–ื™ืงื™ืจืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื”ืขื›ืกื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืข ืึทื“ืึทืœืฅ, ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึทืงื™ื•ืžื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืฉืึทืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืงืึทื ื“ ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืข ืึทื“ืึทืœืฅ (ื‘ื™ื™ 3A ืึทืŸ ืึทืคึผืคึผืจืึธืงืกื™ืžืึทื˜ืข ื•ื™ืกื‘ื™ื™ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืžืึธื“ืขืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ). ื™ืžืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืขืกื˜ืึทืžืึทืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ื™ืŸ, ื™ื ื“ืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืจืขื•ื• ืจื™ื–ื™ืงื™ืจืŸ (ื˜ืึทื‘ืœืข 2). ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืžืึธื“ืขืœ, ื“ื™ ืขืกื˜ื™ืžืึทื˜ืขื“ ืงืึธืจืขื•ื• ืจื™ื–ื™ืงื™ืจืŸ ืจืขื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืงื™ื ื“ืฉืึทืคื˜ ื™ืžืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ H1N1 (0.34, 95% CI 0.29-0.42) ื•ื•ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ H3N2 (0.71, 95% CI 0.62-0.82).

ืฆื• ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืคึผืขื” ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจืึทืœ ืขื•ื•ืึธืœื•ืฆื™ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืคืขืงืฆื™ืข ืจื™ื–ื™ืงื™ืจืŸ, ื“ื™ ืจื™ืกืขืจื˜ืฉืขืจื– ื’ืขื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืคืึทืจืงืœืขื ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืึธืจืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื™ื ืคืขืงืฉืึทื ื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื“ื– ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื ื˜ื™ื’ืขื ื™ืง ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืึทื ื˜ื™ื’ืขื ื™ืง ื“ืจื™ืคื˜ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื™ื ืคืขืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ื™ืžื™ื•ื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืึทืœืœื™ ื™ืงืกืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื ืกื˜ ืึทื“ืึทืœืฅ.

ื“ืึทื˜ืึท ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื ืขื’ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜-ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืง ืคืึทืจื‘ืึทื ื“ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืขืจืœืขืš ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื™ื’ืขื ื™ืง ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืึธืจืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹H3N2 ืงืึทืกืขืก ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ (4A).

ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืฉืึทืคื˜: ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืฅ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืกืขืก
ื‘ื™ืœื“ ื ื•ืž 4: ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืคึผืขื” ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจืึทืœ ืขื•ื•ืึธืœื•ืฆื™ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ-ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืขื ืข ืจื™ื–ื™ืงื™ืจืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜ืึธืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ื ืคืขืงืฆื™ืข.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœืึธืจ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื™ื’ืขื ื™ืง ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืึธืจืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืงืึทืกืขืก ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ 10 ื™ืืจ ืึทืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ืึทืœืฅ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื•ื•ื™ืจืึทืœ ืขื•ื•ืึธืœื•ืฆื™ืข ื’ืขืฉืคื™ืœื˜ ืึท ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืจืึธืœืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’, ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœื™ืจืขืจ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื•ื•ืึธืœื•ื˜ื™ืึธื ืึทืจื™ ื”ืฉืคึผืขื” ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืึทื“ืึทืœืฅ, ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื™ื ื’ ืึทื“ืึทืœืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ 10 ื™ืืจ ืึทืœื˜.

ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืึทื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืจืึทืœ ืขื•ื•ืึธืœื•ื˜ื™ืึธื ืึทืจื™ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืžื™ื ืึทื ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืคึผืข-ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ื“ื™ืคืขืจืึทื ืกื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืขืคึผื™ื“ืขืžื™ืข ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืฉืึทื ื–, ื•ื•ืขืŸ H1N1 ืื•ืŸ H3N2 ืกื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืคึผืขืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืขื ืœืขืš ืจื™ื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขืจืœืขืš ืึทื ื˜ื™ื’ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืคืขืงืฉืึทื ื– ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืขื ืœืขืš.

ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืžืขืจ ื“ื™ื˜ื™ื™ืœื“ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืึทื ืกื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ, ืื™ืš ืจืขืงืึธืžืขื ื“ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ืงื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜.

ืขืคึผื™ืœืึธื’

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ืขืคึผื™ื“ืขืžื™ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืงืึทืœ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืงืึทืกืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืคืขืงืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ H1N1, H3N2 ืื•ืŸ H2N2. ื“ืึทื˜ืึท ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืึท ืงืœืึธืจ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืฉืึทืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื–ื™ืงื™ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืคืขืงืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ืึทืœื˜ื›ื•ื“. ืื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืึท ืงื™ื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ 50 ืก ืื™ื– ื™ื ืคืขืงื˜ืึทื“ ื•ื•ืขืŸ H1N1 ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืกืขืจืงื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ H3N2 ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ, ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ืึทืœื˜ื›ื•ื“ ื“ื™ ืœื™ืงืขืœื™ื”ืึธืึธื“ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื™ื ืคืขืงื˜ืึทื“ ืžื™ื˜ H3N2 ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืœ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืœื™ืงืขืœื™ื”ืึธืึธื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทื˜ืฉื™ื ื’ H1N1.

ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืžืกืงื ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืึทื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื’ืขืœื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืฉืึทืคื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืกื™ืงื•ื•ืึทื ืก. ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืก ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœื™ "ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ืก" ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืจืึทืœ ื™ื ืคืขืงืฉืึทื ื–, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืึทื ื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืฅ ืฆื• ืžืขืจ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืงืึทื•ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ืึทืœื˜ื›ื•ื“.

ืกืกื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืกืฅ ื”ืึธืคืŸ ืึทื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืขืก ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืกื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ืกืึทืกืขืคึผื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื™ืคืขืงืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืกื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืคึผืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืคืœื•ืขื ืฆื™ืข. ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื”ืขืœืคืŸ ืคืึทืจืžื™ื™ึทื“ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืคึผื™ื“ืขืžื™ืงืก, ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืึท ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ืขื“ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืงืกื™ื ื– ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืคืขืœืงืขืจื•ื ื’.

ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื™ืžืขื“ ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืกื•ืคึผืขืจ ืงื™ื•ืจื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืœื•, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึทื™ืžืขื“ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคื™ืœ ืžืขืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ - ืคึผืจืขื•ื•ืขื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ืคืขืงืฆื™ืข. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืคืจื™ื™ึทืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื˜ื™ื™ืงืขืฃ, ืžื™ืจ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฆื• ืึทื ื˜ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืขืก. ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื™ึท ืึทืœื™ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืขืคึผื™ื“ืขืžื™ืข ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืœืึธื–ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ืขืก ืกื™ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ. ืคึผืึทื ื™ืง, ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืื›ืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคึผืจื™ืงืึธืฉืึทื ื– ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ืฉืึทื˜ืŸ.

ื“ืึทื ืงืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ, ื‘ืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข, ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืงืขื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืึธื ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืึธืคึผืจื•ื˜ืขื’ ื’ื™ื™ื–! ๐Ÿ™‚

ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืึทื“ืก ๐Ÿ™‚

ื“ืื ืง ืื™ืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกื˜ื™ื™ื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–. ืฆื™ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ? ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜? ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ื•ืจืš ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ ืึท ืกื“ืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืจืขืงืึทืžืขื ื“ื™ื“ ืฆื• ืคืจืขื ื“ื–, ื•ื•ืึธืœืงืŸ ื•ื•ืคึผืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ืคึฟื•ืŸ $ 4.99, ืึท ื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืง ืึทื ืึทืœืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื™ื ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ืึทื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ืจ: ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืืžืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ VPS (KVM) E5-2697 v3 (6 ืงืึธืจืขืก) 10GB DDR4 480GB SSD 1Gbps ืคึฟื•ืŸ $19 ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืึท ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ? (ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืžื™ื˜ RAID1 ืื•ืŸ RAID10, ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 24 ืงืึธืจืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 40GB DDR4).

Dell R730xd 2 ืžืืœ ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืขืจ ืื™ืŸ Equinix Tier IV ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืืžืกื˜ืขืจื“ืื? ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธ 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TV ืคึฟื•ืŸ $199 ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขื˜ื”ืขืจืœืึทื ื“ืก! Dell R420 - 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB - ืคึฟื•ืŸ $99! ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ื™ื ืคืจืึทืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ืงืึธืจืคึผ. ืงืœืึทืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ 9000 ืขื•ืจืึธืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืคึผืขื ื™?

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’