ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ ื˜ืจืขื ื“ืก 2019

ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ ื˜ืจืขื ื“ืก 2019

ืื™ืจ'ื•ื•ืข ืžื™ืกื˜ืึธืžืข ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืขืจืœืขืš ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ ื˜ืจืขื ื“ืก ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืึทืœ ืจื™ืคึผืึธืจืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ "ืžืœื›ึผื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜" ืžืจื™ื ืžืขืงืขืจ. ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ื– ืึท ืฉืคึผื™ื™ึทื›ืœืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืคื™ืœืข ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื– ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจืงืึทืกืฅ. ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื”ืื˜ 334 ืกืœื™ื™ื“ื–. ืื™ืš ืจืขืงืึธืžืขื ื“ื™ืจืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืึทืœืข, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ Habrรฉ ืื™ืš ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคึผืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืคื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜.

  • 51% ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜'ืก ืื™ื™ื ื•ื•ืื•ื™ื ืขืจ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ - 3.8 ื‘ื™ืœื™ืืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืื•ืงืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ ื‘ืื ื•ืฆืขืจ ื”ืืœื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืœืื ื’ื–ืื. ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’, ื“ื™ ื’ืœืื‘ืืœืข ืกืžืึทืจื˜ืคืึธื ืข ืžืึทืจืง ืื™ื– ืฉืจื™ื ื’ืงื™ื ื’.
  • E- ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ ืึทืงืึทื•ื ืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ 15% ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืœืึทื›ืึธื“ื™ืž - ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื•. ื–ื™ื ื˜ 2017, ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื•ึผืงืก ืคื•ืŸ E- ื”ืึทื ื“ืœ ืื™ื– ื‘ืื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืจื™ื“ื•ืกื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื‘ืื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืคืคืœื™ื ืข ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขื ื˜ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื‘ืกืึธืœื•ื˜ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืขืŸ.
  • ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ื“ืจื•ื ื’ ืกืœืึธื•ื– ืึทืจืึธืคึผ, ืคืึทืจืžืขืกื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ื’ื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ื ื™ืฆืขืจืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืžืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ (CAC) ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ื ื˜ืขื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ $ 40 ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืขืจืขืš 30% ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ 2 ื™ืึธืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง. ื“ืขืจืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื, ืคื™ืจื ืขื ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ื ื˜ืขื˜ืฉ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืง.
  • ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืงืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ืจื™ืจืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืก ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืกืงื˜ืึทืคึผืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื ื™ืฆืขืจืก ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™. ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ืกืคึผืขื ื“ื™ื ื’ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืžื™ื˜ 22%
  • ื“ื™ ื•ื™ืœืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธื“ืงืึทืกื˜ ืฆื•ื”ืขืจืขืจืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื™ื™ื ื™ืงื˜ืข ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืึทื‘ืึทืœื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข 4 ื™ืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืฆืึธืœืŸ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ 70 ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. ื“ื–ืฉืึธื• ืจืึธื’ืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืึทืœืข ืžื™ื“ื™ืึท ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜, ืึทื—ื•ืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธื“ืงืึทืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ New York Times.
  • ื“ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืืžืขืจื™ืงืื ืขืจ ืกืคึผืขื ื“ื– 6.3 ืฉืขื” ืคึผืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜. ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืืœืฅ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื’ืจืขื ืขืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคืืจื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืกืžืึทืจื˜ืคืึธื ืข ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ืขื ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 47% ืฆื• 63% ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจ. ื–ื™ื™ ื–ื™ืš ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ, ืื•ืŸ 57% ืคื•ืŸ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืงืฉืึทืŸ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ - ื›ึผืžืขื˜ 3 ืžืืœ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ 2015.
  • ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืกืคึผืขื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ 6 ืžืืœ (ืจื•ืง 164). ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜ ื›ึผื•ืœืœ ืึท ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื˜ ืึทืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืจืขืกื™ื•ื• ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืกืขื‘ืึธืึธืง ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ื˜ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืื‘ืขืก (ืจื•ืง 177), ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืง ืื™ื– ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 2010 ืฆื• 2016.
  • ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ืฆื˜ื™ืงืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ืžืจื™ื ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึท ื•ื•ืึธืจื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ "ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ืœ ื ื™ื™ึทืขืก", ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืžืึธื“ื ืข, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ื”ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืžืงื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ ื˜ืจืขื ื“ืก 2019 ื“ืขืจืžืื ื˜ ืึทื– ื ื™ื™ึทืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธื•ื˜ื•ื‘ืข ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš 2 ืžืืœ ืžืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. ืคืืจื•ื•ืืก ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืกืขื‘ืึธืึธืง ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ื˜ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื“ื™ืึท, ืึทืจื’ื™ื•ื™ื ื’ ื“ืขื ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ?
  • ื“ื™ ืœื™ืงืขืœื™ื”ืึธืึธื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื ืคืืœืŸ ืื™ื– ื™ื ืงืจื™ืกื™ื ื’. ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ 900 ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืกืขื ื˜ืขืจืก ืื™ืŸ 2017, 25% ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืจืขืคึผืึธืจื˜ืขื“ ืงืึทืกืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ 2018 ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 31%. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขื™ืŸ ื ื•ืจืึทื ื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืจ ืจื™ื™ื ืคืึธืจืกืžืึทื ื˜ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ื ื•ืจืึทื ื–. ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™-ืคืึทืงื˜ืึธืจ ืึธื˜ืขื ื˜ืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ื–ื™ื ื˜ 2014, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ืงืจื™ืกื˜.
  • 5% ืคื•ืŸ ืืžืขืจื™ืงืื ืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืจื™ืžืึธื•ื˜ืœื™. ื–ื™ื ื˜ 2000, ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื–ืึท ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขืฅ, ื“ื™ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข ืื•ืŸ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– 2%. ืื™ืฆื˜ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื•ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื™ึทื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ื™ื’ื–ืึทื“ื–ืฉืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“.
  • ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜ืŸ ื›ื•ื™ื•ื• ื™ืงืกื™ื“ื– ืึท ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ืึทืŸ ื“ืึธืœืœืึทืจืก! ื ืึธืจ ื“ืขื ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื˜ืื’ ืื™ืš ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึท ืคื™ื ื˜ืขื˜ืฉ ืกื˜ืึทืจื˜ืึทืคึผ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกื˜ื•ื“ืขื ื˜ืŸ ืœืขื ื“ื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืื˜ ืึท ื™ืžืคึผืจืขืกื™ื•ื• ืกื•ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืงืึทืคึผื™ื˜ืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืš ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก.
  • ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื–ืืจื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ื™ืฉื•ื– ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 64% ืฆื• 52% ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจ. ืขืก ื•ื•ืฒึทื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก, ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืขืคึฟื ื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคึฟืœืึธื’ืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื–ื•ืงืงืขืจื‘ืขืจื’, ื“ื™ ืงืึทืœื™ืคึฟืึธืจื ื™ืข ืกื˜ืขื™ื˜, ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื™ืจืืคืขื™ืฉืขืจ GDPR ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ื‘ืึทืคืจื™ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืชืื•ื•ืช ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืข ื’ืจื•ืคึผืขืก ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืคึฟืขืœืงืขืจื•ื ื’.

ื“ืึทื ืงืขืŸ ื“ื™ืจ ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคื™ืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืึทืžืงื™ื™ึทื˜. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ื“ื™ืกืงื•ืกื™ืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคื•ืœ-ืคืœืขื“ื–ืฉื“ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ, ืึทื‘ืึธื ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึทื ืึทืœ ื’ืจืึธืงืก.

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

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