IoT, ื ืขืคึผืœ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืืœืงื ืก: ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข?

IoT, ื ืขืคึผืœ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืืœืงื ืก: ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข?

ื“ื™ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ึทื–ื ื•ื•ืึทืจื’, ื“ื™ ื™ืžืขืจื“ื–ืฉืึทื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื™ืงืกืคึผืึทื ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื”ื™ื ื’ืก (ื™ืึธื˜). ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืจืึธื•ื™ื ื’ ื˜ืึธื’ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธื’, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ ืึท ืจื™ื–ื™ืง ืกื•ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื ื•ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื‘ืึทืงื•ื•ืขื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’, ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ.

ื ืึธื•ื•ืึทื“ื™ื™ึทืก, ื•ื•ืึธืœืงืŸ ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ืขืงืŸ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืกื™ื ื’ืœื™ ืคืึธืœืงืก ื ืขืคึผืœ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ (ื ืขืคึผืœ) ืคึผืึทืจืึทื“ื™ื’ื ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ ื•ื•ืึธืœืงืŸ ืกืึทืœื•ืฉืึทื ื– ื“ื•ืจืš ืกืงื™ื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ IoT ื™ื ืคืจืึทืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจ.

ื•ื•ืืœืงื ืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ึฟ IoT ืจื™ืงื•ื•ืขืก. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืฆื• ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก, ืฉื ืขืœ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกื•ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื–ืฉื•ื•ืึทืœืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ. ื ืขืคึผืœ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ืกืึทืœื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ-ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก. ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืฉื ืขืœ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืฆื• ืจื™ืงื•ื•ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื ื™ืžืึทืœ ืคืึทืจื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’. ืึทื– ืื™ื–, ื ืขืคึผืœ ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืึทืžืึทื ืฅ ื“ื™ "ื•ื•ืึธืœืงืŸ", ื™ืงืกืคึผืึทื ื“ื– ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืงื™ื™ืคึผืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื–.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืงืฉื™ื ืื™ื– ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ: ื•ื•ื™ ื–ืึธืœ ืึทืœืข ื“ืขื ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ IoT? ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื™ื•ื ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ IoT-Fog-Cloud ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื?

ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืžืคึผืœื™ ื“ืึทืžืึทื ืึทื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื˜ืคึผ, ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืกืึทืœื•ืฉืึทื ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ IoT, Fog ืื•ืŸ ืงืœืึธื•ื“ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ IoT ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ื ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืกืขื ืกืึธืจืก ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜, ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึธืคึผืขืจืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ื‘ืื“ืขืจืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืขืคึฟืขืจืขื ืฅ ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ. ื“ืขืจืคึฟืึทืจ, ืงืจื™ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžืึธื“ื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืึท ื™ื’ื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ IoT ื˜ืึทืกืงืก ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื˜ืึทืกืงืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ IT ืงื”ืœ.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ? ื–ืืœ ืก ืคื™ื’ื•ืจ ืขืก ืื•ื™ืก. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืงื•ื“ื, ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ื™ืงืึธื•ืกื™ืกื˜ืึทื ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืืœืงื ืก, ื ืขืคึผืœ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ื ื’ื– ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงื˜.

ื™ืึธื˜ ื ืขืคึผืœ-ืฆื•-ื•ื•ืึธืœืงืŸ (F2C) ืึทืจื˜ืฉื™ื˜ืขืงื˜ื•ืจืข

ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืกื˜ืึธืžืข ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœ ืžื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืกืคืึธืจืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื ืขืคื™ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื ืขืคื™ืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืจื“ืึทืกื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธื•ืึธืจื“ืึทื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ IoT, ื•ื•ืืœืงื ืก ืื•ืŸ ื ืขืคึผืœ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื˜, ื“ืึธ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ืขืจื“ื™ื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื™ื ื™ืฉืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ื–: OpenFog ืงืึธื ืกืึธืจื˜ื™ื•ื, ืขื“ื–ืฉ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืงืึธื ืกืึธืจื˜ื™ื•ื ะธ mF2C H2020.

ืื•ื™ื‘ ืคืจื™ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– 2 ืœืขื•ื•ืขืœืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืึทื ืกื™ื“ืขืจื“, ื•ื•ืืœืงื ืก ืื•ืŸ ืกื•ืฃ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก, ื“ื™ ืคืืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ื™ื ื˜ืจืึทื“ื•ืกื™ื– ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืžื“ืจื’ื” - ื ืขืคึผืœ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ื“ื™ ื ืขืคึผืœ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืกืึทื‘ืœืขื•ื•ืขืœืก, ื“ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืกืคึผื™ืกื™ืคื™ืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึท ื’ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืœืึทืกื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืึทื‘ืœืขื•ื•ืขืœืก.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืึทื‘ืกื˜ืจืึทืงืฆื™ืข ืงื•ืงืŸ ื•ื•ื™? ื“ืึธ ืื™ื– ืึท ื˜ื™ืคึผื™ืฉ IoT-Fog-Cloud ื™ืงืึธื•ืกื™ืกื˜ืึทื. IoT ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืฉื™ืงืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึทืกื˜ืขืจ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืฆื• ืกืึธืœื•ื•ืข ื˜ืึทืกืงืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง ืœื™ื™ื˜ืึทื ืกื™. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ื•ื•ืืœืงื ืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจื˜ืœืขืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืึทืœื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืกื•ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ.

IoT, ื ืขืคึผืœ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืืœืงื ืก: ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข?

ืกืžืึทืจื˜ืคืึธื ืขืก, ืกืžืึทืจื˜ ื•ื•ืึทื˜ืฉื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื”ืึทืžืฆืึธืข ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ IoT. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึทื–ืึท ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ื˜ืขื ื“ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืคึผืจื™ื™ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก. ื“ื™ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ IoT ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื ืขืคึผืœ ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ REST HTTP ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื’ื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึธืคึผืขืจืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ RESTful ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืก. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืขื ืฉื•ืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื’ื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื™ื ืคืจืึทืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ืคืœื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ื™ื’ืข ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจืก, ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึท ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ืงื ื•ื™ืœ. ืœืืงืืœืข ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืจื•ืคึฟืŸ "ื ืขืคึผืœ ื ืึธื•ื“ื–", ืคื™ืœื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืขืก ืœืึธื•ืงืึทืœื™ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฉื™ืงืŸ ืขืก ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืœืงืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช.

ื•ื•ืืœืงื ืก ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก, ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก AMQP ืื•ืŸ REST HTTP ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜. ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื”ื˜ื˜ืคึผ ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื•ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืึทืจืคึผืึทื ื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜, ื“ื™ ืงืฉื™ื ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ: "ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ IoT ืื•ืŸ ื ืขืคึผืœ?". ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ื”ืื˜ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ื™ืฉื•ื–. ืžืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ.

ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ 2 ืžืึธื“ืขืœืก ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ. ื“ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ-ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ-ืึทื‘ืึธื ื™ืจืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืžืึธื“ืขืœ ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ืœื™ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื•ืกื˜, ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ-ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื ืขืžื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ, ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืึทื– ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืงืขืจื˜ ืึท ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืึธื ื–ืึธื’. REST HTTP ืื•ืŸ CoAP ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืžืึธื“ืขืœ.

ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ืžืึธื“ืขืœ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึท ื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ืงืจืึทื ืึทืก, ืคื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜, ืคืจื™ื™ึท ืงืึทืคึผืœื™ื ื’ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื•ืืœืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ืกื™ืคึผื™ืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ.

IoT, ื ืขืคึผืœ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืืœืงื ืก: ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข?

ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธื“ืขืœ ืึทืกื•ืžื– ื“ืจื™ื™ึท ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ืกืึทืคึผืึทื ืฅ: ืึท ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืขืจ (ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ), ืึท ืžืขืงืœืขืจ (ื“ื™ืกืคึผืึทื˜ืฉืขืจ) ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืึทื‘ืึธื ืขื ื˜ (ื‘ืึทื ืขื). ื“ืึธ, ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื‘ืึธื ืขื ื˜ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ. ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืฉื™ืงืŸ ืจื™ืงื•ื•ืขืก, ืขืก ืึทื‘ืึธื ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืžืขืงืœืขืจ ืคืึทืจืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจื˜ืœืขืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคื™ืœื˜ืขืจื™ื ื’ ืึทืœืข ื™ื ืงืึทืžื™ื ื’ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจืœืึทื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื‘ืื ืขื ื˜ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ ืึทืงืขืจื– ืฉื™ื™ึทื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ืึท ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื˜ืขืžืข, ืคึผืึทื‘ืœื™ืฉืึทื– ืขืก ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืžืขืงืœืขืจ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืกืขื ื“ื– ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืึทื‘ืึธื ืขื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื˜ืขืžืข.

ื™ืกืขื ืฉืึทืœื™, ื“ืขื ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ืื™ื– ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงืฉืึทืŸ ืžืึธื“ืขืœ ืื™ื– ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ IoT, ื•ื•ืึธืœืงืŸ, ื ืขืคึผืœ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืกืงืึทืœืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืคึผืึธืฉืขื˜ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืงืึทื ืขืงืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก, ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคื™ืœืข-ืฆื•-ืคื™ืœืข ื“ื™ื ืึทืžื™ืฉ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ืงืจืึทื ืึทืก ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข. ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื•ืกื˜ ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ืขืจื“ื™ื™ื–ื“ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ-ืึทื‘ืึธื ื™ืจืŸ ืžืขืกื™ื“ื–ืฉื™ื ื’ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื ืขืžืขืŸ MQTT, AMQP ืื•ืŸ DDS.

ื“ืึธืš, ื“ื™ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ-ืึทื‘ืึธื ื™ืจืŸ ืžืึธื“ืขืœ ื”ืื˜ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื“ื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ื™ื“ื–ืฉื™ื–:

  • ืคึฟืึทืจืœืึทื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื‘ืื ืขื ื˜ืŸ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืก ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ;
  • ืื™ื™ืŸ ืื‘ืื ืขื ื˜ ืงืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืคื™ืœืข ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืื•ื™ืกื’ืื‘ืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืขืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื™ืงืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ืคื™ืœืข ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืื‘ืื ืขื ื˜ืŸ (ืคื™ืœืข-ืฆื•-ืคื™ืœืข ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผ);
  • ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื‘ืึธื ืขื ื˜ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืงืกืœ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขืงืœืขืจ (ืึทืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจื™ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื) ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืงืจืึธื ื“ืขื ืึธื ื–ืึธื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืœื™ื™ืึทื ืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืึธื ื ืขืงื˜ืขื“ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื ืขืฅ.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ-ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืžืึธื“ืขืœ ืื•ื™ืš ื”ืื˜ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืกื˜ืจืขื ื’ืงื˜ืก. ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทืกืขืก ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืฆื• ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืจื™ืงื•ื•ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืคืœ ืงืœื™ื™ืึทื ืฅ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืœืขืš ืกืึทืœื•ืฉืึทื ื–.

ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืžืึธื“ืขืœืก. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, XMPP ืื•ืŸ HTTP 2.0 ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ "ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื•ืคึผืŸ" ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข. ื“ื™ IETF ื”ืื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ CoAP. ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืกืึทืœื•ืฉืึทื ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืกืึธืœื•ื•ืข ื“ื™ ืžืขืกื™ื“ื–ืฉื™ื ื’ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื, ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื‘ืกืึธืงืงืขืฅ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื˜ื˜ืคึผ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ QUIC (Quick UDP Internet Connections).

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ WebSockets, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืฆื• ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื‘ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ ืคึผืขืจืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื˜ ืงืึทื ืขืงืฉืึทื ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืกื™ื™ืžืึทืœื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ืึทืก ื‘ื™ื™ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ื™ืึธื ืึทืœ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ื“ืขื” ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ืขื“ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ. QUIC ืื•ื™ืš ืคืืจื“ื™ื ื˜ ื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืึทืžืงื™ื™ื˜, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึท ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ื’ื™ื˜ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื ื˜ QUIC ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ืขืจื“ื™ื™ื–ื“, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืคืจื™ ืฆื• ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืกื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ IoT ืกืึทืœื•ืฉืึทื ื–. ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ืœืึธื–ืŸ WebSockets ืื•ืŸ QUIC ืื™ืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื“ืขื˜ืึทืœ ื ืึธืš.

ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืงื™ื•ื˜ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜: ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื™ื ื’ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก

ืื™ืฆื˜ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืก ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืจืขื ื’ืงื˜ืก ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืงื ืึทืกืึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก. ืงื•ืงืŸ ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืก, ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืžื™ื“ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืึท ืจืขื–ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ืึทื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœืึธืจ ืคื™ืจืขืจ. ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ื”ืื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืึทื“ื•ื•ืึทื ื™ื“ื–ืฉื™ื– / ื“ื™ืกืึทื“ื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ื™ื“ื–ืฉื™ื–.

ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜

ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืงืขืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก, ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฆื™ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ื ื’ื–, ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื’ื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœืึธืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืžืึทื ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ืฅ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื˜ื ืึธื™ื. ืื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื‘ื™ื ื˜ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื“ื™ื•ื ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจืึทืกืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืงื™ื™ืคึผืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื–.

ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืคื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื ื’ื– ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจืึทืกืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื ืึทืก ืคื•ืŸ HTTP ืื•ืŸ MQTT ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ IoT ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืจื™ืงื•ื•ืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ MQTT ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ HTTP. ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืืจื•ื-ื™ืึทื–ื“ืข ืฆื™ื™ื˜ (RTT) ืคื•ืŸ MQTT ืื•ืŸ CoAP, ืขืก ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš RTT ืคื•ืŸ CoAP ืื™ื– 20% ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืคื•ืŸ MQTT.

ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืึทืŸ ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจื™ืžืขื ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ RTT ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ MQTT ืื•ืŸ CoAP ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืกื™ื ืขืจื™ืึธื•ื–: ืึท ื”ื™ื’ืข ื ืขืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ IoT ื ืขืฅ. ืขืก ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš RTT ืื™ื– 2-3 ืžืืœ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ IoT ื ืขืฅ. MQTT ืžื™ื˜ QoS0 ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ CoAP, ืื•ืŸ MQTT ืžื™ื˜ QoS1 ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืึท ื”ืขื›ืขืจ RTT ื“ืึทื ืง ืฆื• ACKs ื‘ื™ื™ ื“ื™ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืœื™ื™ึทืขืจืก. ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข QoS ืœืขื•ื•ืขืœืก, ื ืขืฅ ื“ื™ืœื™ื™ื– ืึธืŸ ืงืึทื ื“ื–ืฉืขืกื˜ืฉืึทืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ืกืขืงืึทื ื“ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ MQTT, ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืงืจืึธืกืขืงืึธื ื“ืก ืคึฟืึทืจ CoAP. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ ืึทื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืœืขืš ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก, MQTT ืคืœื™ืกื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ื‘ืขืจ TCP ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืึท ื’ืึธืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜.

ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ื“ื™ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ AMQP ืื•ืŸ MQTT ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก ื“ื•ืจืš ื™ื ืงืจื™ืกื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืคึผื™ื™ืœืึธื•ื“ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืึทื– ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึทืกืข, ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืื™ื– ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคืขืจื™ื ื’ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืึทืžืึทื•ื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ, MQTT ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื˜ ืึท ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜. ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืžืขืจ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืงืึธืึทืคึผ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ื˜ื˜ืคึผ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ-ืฆื•-ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืกืฆืขื ืึทืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ื“ื™ืคึผืœื•ื™ื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื”ื™ืงืœืขืก ื™ืงื•ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืึทื– ืกืขื ืกืึธืจืก, ื•ื•ืขื˜ืขืจ ืกืขื ืกืึธืจืก, ืึธืจื˜ (ื’ืคึผืก) ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ืจืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ื ืขืฅ ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื“ (GPRS). ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ื•ื™ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ืฉื™ืงืŸ ืึท ืงืึธืึทืคึผ ืึธื ื–ืึธื’ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืจื™ืจืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ื ืขืฅ ืื™ื– ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืžืึธืœ ืงื™ืจืฆืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ื•ื™ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ HTTP ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ.

ืฉื˜ื•ื“ื™ื•ื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ืึทื– ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก. ืœืžืฉืœ, ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ IoT ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก MQTT, DDS ืื•ืŸ CoAP ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ื ื™ืฉ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืกืฆืขื ืึทืจ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืึท ื ืขืฅ ืขืžื•ืœืึทื˜ืึธืจ. DDS ื”ืื˜ ืึทื•ื˜ืคึผืขืจืคืึธืจืžื“ MQTT ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืœืขืžืขื˜ืจื™ ืœื™ื™ื˜ืึทื ืกื™ ื˜ืขืกื˜ืขื“ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ื ืขื‘ืขืš ื ืขืฅ ื˜ื ืึธื™ื. UDP-ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืงืึธืึทืคึผ ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืึท ืฉื ืขืœ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ UDP-ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืึทื ืคึผืจื™ื“ื™ืงื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื˜ ืึธื ื•ื•ืขืจ.

ื˜ืจื•ืคึผื•ื˜

ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš MQTT ืื•ืŸ CoAP ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื“ื•ื•ื™ื“ื˜ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื›ืขื–ืฉื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืกื•ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ื˜ื˜ืขื“ ืคึผืขืจ ืึธื ื–ืึธื’. ืงืึธืึทืคึผ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ืจื•ืคึผื•ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ MQTT ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื”ืขืœื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืก ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ื˜ื˜ืขื“ ื‘ื™ื˜ืขืก, ืงืึธืึทืคึผ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•.

ื‘ื™ื™ึท ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ื˜ืจื•ืคึผื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฆืŸ MQTT, DDS (ืžื™ื˜ TCP ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ), ืื•ืŸ CoAP ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ ืึทื– CoAP ื˜ืขื ื“ื™ื“ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœื™ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื“ื•ื•ื™ื“ื˜ ืงืึทื ืกืึทืžืฉืึทืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ื ืขืฅ ืคึผืึทืงืึทื˜ ืึธื ื•ื•ืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ื ืขืฅ ืœื™ื™ื˜ืึทื ืกื™, ื ื™ื˜ ืขื ืœืขืš MQTT ืื•ืŸ DDS, ื•ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืžืื ื˜. ืกื™ื ืขืจื™ืึธื•ื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื“ื•ื•ื™ื“ื˜ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฅ. ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืกืฆืขื ืึทืจ ื™ื ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ื•ื“ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื˜ื™ืคึผื™ืฉ ืคืึทืœ ืื™ืŸ IoT ื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืจืึทื ืžืึทื ืฅ. ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืึทื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืœืึธื•ื“ื™ื ื’ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ CoAP.

ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืžืึทืกืข, CoAP ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื ื“ื•ื•ื™ื“ื˜, ื ืื›ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš MQTT ืื•ืŸ REST HTTP. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผื™ื™ืœืึธื•ื“ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ, REST HTTP ื”ืื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ.

ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืงืึธื ืกื•ืžืคึผื˜ื™ืึธืŸ

ื“ื™ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืงืึทื ืกืึทืžืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ IoT ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ึทื›ืŸ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืงืึทื ืกืึทืžืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ MQTT ืื•ืŸ HTTP, ื”ื˜ื˜ืคึผ "ืขืกื˜" ืคื™ืœ ืžืขืจ. ืื•ืŸ CoAP ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืฆื• MQTT, ืึทืœืึทื•ื™ื ื’ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ืกื™ื ืขืจื™ืึธื•ื–, MQTT ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขืงืกืœ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื”ื™ื ื’ืก ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก, ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืจื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืงืฉืึทื ื–.

ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืึทืŸ ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจื™ืžืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ AMQP ืื•ืŸ MQTT ืงื™ื™ืคึผืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืจื™ืจืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึทื ืกื˜ื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืจืœื™ืก ื ืขืฅ ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ื‘ืึทื ืง ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืึทื– AMQP ืึธืคืคืขืจืก ืžืขืจ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืขื™ึดืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, ื‘ืฉืขืช MQTT ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•.

ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืงื™ื™ึทื˜

ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื”ื™ื ื’ืก ืื•ืŸ ื ืขืคึผืœ / ื•ื•ืึธืœืงืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’. ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื ืื™ื– ื˜ื™ืคึผื™ืงืœื™ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ TLS ืื™ืŸ HTTP, MQTT, AMQP ืื•ืŸ XMPP, ืึธื“ืขืจ DTLS ืื™ืŸ CoAP, ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข DDS ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืขืก.

TLS ืื•ืŸ DTLS ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื ื“ืŸ ืึท ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืงืกืœ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ืกื™ื™ืคืขืจ ืกื•ื•ื™ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ืกืœืขืŸ. ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ืขืก ืคืึทืจื”ืึทื ื“ืœืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืฆื• ืขื ืฉื•ืจ ืึทื– ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ื ืขืžื˜ ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืงืึทื ืึทืœ. ื“ืขืจ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืื™ื– ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธื“ื™ืคื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– UDP-ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ DTLS ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืึท ืึทื ืจื™ืœื™ื™ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืงืฉืจ.

ื‘ื™ื™ึท ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืื ืคืืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ TLS ืื•ืŸ DTLS, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทื– TLS ื”ืื˜ ืึท ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜. ืึทื˜ืึทืงืก ืื•ื™ืฃ DTLS ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื’ืขืจืึธื˜ืŸ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื•ืช ื˜ืึธืœืขืจืึทื ืฅ.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื’ืึทืกื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก ืื™ื– ืึทื– ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืขืจื™ื“ื–ืฉื ืึทืœื™ ื“ื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ IoT ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืขืคึผืœ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืœืงืŸ. ื“ื•ืจืš ื›ืึทื ื“ืฉืึทืงื™ื ื’, ื–ื™ื™ ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืงืฉืจ ืคืึทืจืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืจื™ื™ื ื– ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ 6,5% ืคึฟืึทืจ TLS ืื•ืŸ 11% ืคึฟืึทืจ DTLS ืื™ืŸ ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจื›ืขื“ ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืึธืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข. ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืœ-ืจื™ื™ึทืš ื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ืจืึทื ืžืึทื ืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ื™ืคึผื™ืงืœื™ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึธืœืงื ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžื“ืจื’ื”, ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ IoT ืื•ืŸ ื ืขืคึผืœ ืžื“ืจื’ื”, ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื‘ืึทื’ืจืขื ืขืฆื•ื ื’.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฆื• ืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ? ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ. MQTT ืื•ืŸ HTTP ื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืคึผืจืึทืžืึทืกื™ื ื’ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืœืขืคื™ืขืจืขืš ืžืขืจ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืงืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืกื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœ IoT ืกืึทืœื•ืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก.

ืกืึทืœื•ืฉืึทื ื– ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ

ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ ื”ืื˜ ืคื™ืœืข ื“ื™ืกืึทื“ื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ื™ื“ื–ืฉื™ื–. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ืขื“ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืขืœื“ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืื˜ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืจืขืงื•ื•ื™ืจืขืžืขื ืฅ. ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ, ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืก ืฆื• ืึทื•ื•ืขืงื•ื•ืึทืจืคืŸ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืึทืœืข ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืื™ื™ืŸ-ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืกืึทืœื•ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขืคึผืœ-ืฆื•-ื•ื•ืึธืœืงืŸ ื™ืงืึธื•ืกื™ืกื˜ืึทื ืื™ืŸ IoT, ืึทื—ื•ืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ MQTT ืื•ืŸ REST HTTP.

ืจืขืกื˜ ื”ื˜ื˜ืคึผ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ REST HTTP ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ / ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ IoT-to-Fog ืžืขืœื•ื›ืข: ืงืœื•ื’ ืคืึทืจื. ืึทื ื™ืžืึทืœืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ืงื•ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืกืขื ืกืึธืจืก (IOT ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜, C) ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืจืื˜ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื•ื•ืึธืœืงืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืงืœื•ื’ ืคืึทืจืžื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื (ื ืขืคึผืœ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ, S).

ื“ื™ POST ืžืขื˜ืึธื“ ื›ืขื“ืขืจ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืฆื• ืžืึธื“ื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ (/ ืคืึทืจื / ืึทื ื™ืžืึทืœืก), ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ HTTP ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ื˜ื™ืคึผ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ ืื™ื– ืึท JSON ื›ื™ื™ืคืขืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจืขืคึผืจืึทื–ืขื ืฅ ื“ื™ ื›ื™ื™ึทืข ืคืึทืจื ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื–ืึธืœ ืคื™ืจืŸ (Dulcinea / ืงื•). ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ื™ื ื“ื™ืงื™ื™ืฅ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขืจืึธื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท HTTPS 201 (ืจื™ืกืึธืจืก ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ) ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื•ืก ืงืึธื“. ื“ืขืจ GET ืื•ืคึฟืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ URI (ืœืžืฉืœ, / ืคืึทืจื / ืึทื ื™ืžืึทืœืก / 1), ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขืจื˜ ืึท JSON ืคืึทืจื˜ืจืขื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ื™ื™ึทืข ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืฉื™ื™ึทืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ.

ื“ื™ PUT ืื•ืคึฟืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ, ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ ื“ื™ URI ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ (ืœืžืฉืœ, ื™ื ื“ื™ืงื™ื™ืฅ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืงื• ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ, /ืคืึทืจื/ืึทื ื™ืžืึทืœืก/1? ืฉื˜ืึทื˜=ื’ื™ื™ืŸ). ืฆื•ื ืกื•ืฃ, ื“ื™ DELETE ืื•ืคึฟืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ GET ืื•ืคึฟืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื“ื™ืœื™ืฅ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข.

MQTT ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’

IoT, ื ืขืคึผืœ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืืœืงื ืก: ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข?

ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืงืœื•ื’ ืคืึทืจื, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ REST HTTP ืžื™ืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ MQTT ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ. ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื’ืข ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ Mosquitto ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื˜ืขืง ืื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืžืขืงืœืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืึท ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ (ืจื™ืคืขืจื“ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ) Raspberry Pi ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืก ื•ื•ื™ ืึท MQTT ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜, ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ Paho MQTT ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื˜ืขืง, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ Mosquitto ืžืขืงืœืขืจ.

ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ืงืึทื ืคืึธืจืžื– ืฆื• ื“ื™ IoT ืึทื‘ืกื˜ืจืึทืงืฆื™ืข ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืจืขืคึผืจื™ื–ืขื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ืคื“ืขืงื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืงื™ื™ืคึผืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื–. ื“ื™ ืžืขื“ื™ืึทื˜ืึธืจ, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื”ืึทื ื˜, ืงืึธืจืึทืกืคึผืึทื ื“ื– ืฆื• ืึท ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื‘ืกื˜ืจืึทืงืฆื™ืข, ืจืขืคึผืจื™ื–ืขื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึท ื ืขืคึผืœ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื ืึธื“ืข, ืงืขืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ื™ื–ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืงืึทืคึผืึทืฆื™ื˜ืขื˜.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืงืœื•ื’ ืคืึทืจื ืกืฆืขื ืึทืจ, ืึท Raspberry Pi ืงืึทื ืขืงืฅ ืฆื• ืึท ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจืึทืžืึทื˜ืขืจ, ื’ืคึผืก ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืžืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืกืขื ืกืึธืจืก ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทื‘ืœื™ืฉืึทื– ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขื ืกืึธืจืก ืฆื• ืึท ื ืขืคึผืœ ื ืึธื“ืข. ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ืžื™ืกื˜ืึธืžืข ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, MQTT ื‘ืื”ืื ื“ืœื˜ ื˜ืขืžืขืก ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื›ื™ื™ืขืจืึทืจืงื™. ืื™ื™ืŸ MQTT ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืขืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืฆื• ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ื’ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืžืขืก. ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคืึทืœ, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ึท. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืกืขื ืกืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžืขืกื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืžืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ื™ื™ึทืข ืึธืคึผื“ืึทืš, ื“ืขืจ ืงื•ื ื” ืกืึทืœืขืงืฅ ืึท ื˜ืขืžืข (ืึทื ื™ืžืึทืœืคืึทืจื / ืึธืคึผื“ืึทืš / ื˜ืขืžืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ). ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืขื ืกืึธืจืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžืขืกื˜ืŸ ื’ืคึผืก ืึธืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื›ื™ื™ึทืข ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจืึทืžืึทื˜ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• (ืึทื ื™ืžืึทืœืคืึทืจื / ื›ื™ื™ึทืข / ื’ืคึผืก) ืื•ืŸ (ืึทื ื™ืžืึทืœืคืึทืจื / ื›ื™ื™ึทืข / ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’).

ื“ื™ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืžืขืงืœืขืจ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ื˜ืขืžืคึผืขืจืขืจืึทืœื™ ืงืจืึธื ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื”ื™ื’ืข ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืœ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ ืึทื‘ืึธื ืขื ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ.

ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื’ืข ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืงืขืจื– ื•ื•ื™ ืึท MQTT ืžืขืงืœืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขืคึผืœ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ Raspberry Pi, ืึทืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ MQTT ืงืœื™ื™ืึทื ืฅ, ืฉื™ืงืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืขื ืกืึธืจืก, ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ MQTT ืžืขืงืœืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืœืงืŸ ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ, ื“ื™ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืžื™ื˜ื˜ืขื“ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื’ืข ืžืขืงืœืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืžืคึผืขืจืขืจืึทืœื™ ืกื˜ืึธืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื”ื™ื’ืข ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ / ืึธื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืœืงืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืœืงืŸ MQTT ืžืขืงืœืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืึทืœืข ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืœืงืŸ MQTT ืžืขืงืœืขืจ. ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ, ืึท ืจื™ืจืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื‘ืึธื ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื‘ืจืึธืงืขืจืก.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคืึทืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจืึธืงืขืจืก (ืœืžืฉืœ, ื•ื•ืึธืœืงืŸ), ื“ืขืจ ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ (ื ืขืคึผืœื“ื™ืง). ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ืฉื˜ืจื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืžื‘ื™ื™ื ื“ ื ืขืคึผืœ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืœืงืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ. ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜, ื“ื™ ืจื™ืจืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ืึทืคึผ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื“ ืฆื• ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื ืขืคึผืœื“ื™ืง MQTT ืžืขืงืœืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ื™ืฉื˜, ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืœืงืŸ MQTT ืžืขืงืœืขืจ. ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ืื™ืŸ IoT-F2C ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ.

ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืกืึทืœื•ืฉืึทื ื–

ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืกืึทืœื•ืฉืึทื ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึธืœืงืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ IoT-F2C ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก. ื“ื™ ืคื•ื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืึทื– ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืœืขื•ื•ืขืœืก. ื ืขืžืขืŸ, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื“ืจื™ื™ ืึทื‘ืกื˜ืจืึทืงืฆื™ืขืก: IoT, ื ืขืคึผืœ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืœืงืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืœื™ื™ึทืขืจืก. ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ IoT ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ืขื“. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืื™ื‘ืขืจื‘ืœื™ืง, ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ IoT ืœื™ื™ึทืขืจืก ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืจื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืงื˜ื™ื•ื•, ื•ื•ืึธืœืงืŸ-ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืงืœืขื ืกื˜ืขืจ ืจื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืงื˜ื™ื•ื•, ืื•ืŸ ื ืขืคึผืœ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ "ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ". ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืขืก ื˜ื•ืจื ืก ืื•ื™ืก ืึทื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ IoT ืื•ืŸ ื ืขืคึผืœ ืึทื‘ืกื˜ืจืึทืงืฆื™ืขืก, ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืกืึทืœื•ืฉืึทื ื– ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื ืขืžืขืŸ MQTT, CoAP ืื•ืŸ XMPP. ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื ืขืคึผืœ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืœืงืŸ, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื”ืึทื ื˜, AMQP ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ REST HTTP, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื’ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ IoT ืื•ืŸ ื ืขืคึผืœ ืœื™ื™ึทืขืจืก.

ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ื“ืึธ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึธืคึผืขืจืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคืขืจื™ื ื’ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืฆื• ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ. ื™ื“ืขืึทืœืœื™, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜, ื“ื™ ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ IoT ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืœืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ืขืคึผืœ ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ึท ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืขื ืฉื•ืจ ื’ื•ื˜ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึธืคึผืขืจืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก.

IoT, ื ืขืคึผืœ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืืœืงื ืก: ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข?

ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜, ืขืก ืžืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคื’ื™ืกืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืง ื“ื™ืคืขืจืึทื ืกื™ื–. ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืกื•ืฃ, ืื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืึธื˜ืขื ืฆื™ืขืœ ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืงืึธืžื‘ื™ื ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื ืึธื›ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจืึทืœ ืกื˜ื™ืœ, REST HTTP ืื•ืŸ CoAP. ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืคืืจื’ืขืœื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืงืึธืžื‘ื™ื ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ-ืึทื‘ืึธื ื™ืจืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงืฉืึทืŸ, MQTT ืื•ืŸ AMQP. ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืขื ืœืขืš ืงืึทื ืกืขืคึผืก (ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข MQTT ืื•ืŸ AMQP ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื‘ืจืึธืงืขืจืก, CoAP ืื•ืŸ HTTP ื ื•ืฆืŸ REST) โ€‹โ€‹ืžืื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžื‘ืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืฆื• ื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืžืขื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืจื– ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื™ื ืึทื’ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืžื™.

IoT, ื ืขืคึผืœ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืืœืงื ืก: ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข?

ืคื™ื’ื•ืจ (ืึท) ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ-ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืžืึธื“ืขืœืก, ื”ื˜ื˜ืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธืึทืคึผ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกืžืึทื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ IoT-F2C ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’. ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื”ื˜ื˜ืคึผ ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื•ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ ืก ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึทื ืœื™ื™ืงืœื™ ืึทื– ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืจื™ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืžืขืกื™ื“ื–ืฉื™ื ื’ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก. ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึธื•ื“ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจืขืคึผืจื™ื–ืขื ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืœืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ืขืคึผืœ, REST HTTP ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’.

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื”ืึทื ื˜, ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœื™ ืงืึทื ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื“ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื ืขืคึผืœ ืื•ืŸ IoT ืœื™ื™ึทืขืจืก, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ CoAP. ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืึทื“ื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ื™ื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ CoAP ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ื˜ื˜ืคึผ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ REST ืคึผืจื™ื ืกืึทืคึผืึทืœื–.

ืคื™ื’ื•ืจืข (ื‘) ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื˜ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ-ืึทื‘ืึธื ื™ืจืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงืฉืึทืŸ ืžืึธื“ืขืœืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืกืฆืขื ืึทืจ, ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ MQTT ืื•ืŸ AMQP. ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื›ื™ื™ืคึผืึทื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืœื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื ืึธื•ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื‘ืกื˜ืจืึทืงืฆื™ืข, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœืข ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืฉืœืืกืŸ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’. MQTT ืื™ื– ื“ื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื“ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืœื™ื™ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ืขื“ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืขืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ IoT ืื•ืŸ ื ืขืคึผืœ. AMQP ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ื™ื“ื™ืœื™ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืขืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื ืขืคึผืœ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืœืงืŸ ื ืึธื•ื“ื–. ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ MQTT ืื™ืŸ IoT, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ XMPP ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืœื™ื™ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜. ืื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ืœื™ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืกื™ื ืขืจื™ืึธื•ื–.

ืคื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื ื’ื–

ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึทื ืœื™ื™ืงืœื™ ืึทื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืฆื• ื“ืขืงืŸ ืึทืœืข ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื, ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ืขื“ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืึธืœืงืŸ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก. ื“ื™ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืคึผืจืึทืžืึทืกื™ื ื’ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืžืขืจ ืึธืคื˜ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ MQTT ืื•ืŸ RESTful HTTP. ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืงืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜-ื“ืึทืงื™ืึทืžืขื ื˜ืึทื“ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืจืึธื˜ืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืึทื ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ.

ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืขืกื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, MQTT ืื™ื– ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ IoT ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ืขื“ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก. ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื•ื•ื• ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ืขื“ ืงืึทื ืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ืึทืจื™ื™ืข ืงืึทื ืกืึทืžืฉืึทืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ, ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื ืขืคึผืœ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ื•ื•ืึธืœืงืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’, RESTful HTTP ืื™ื– ืึทืŸ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ ื‘ืจื™ืจื”. ืงืึธืึทืคึผ ื–ืึธืœ ืื•ื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืจืึทืคึผืึทื“ืœื™ ื™ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท IoT ืžืขืกื™ื“ื–ืฉื™ื ื’ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืžืกืชึผืžื ืึทื– ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืึท ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืคืขืกื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืขื ืœืขืš ืฆื• MQTT ืื•ืŸ HTTP ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืื™ื– ืื™ืฆื˜ ื™ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ื•ื™ื ื’, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื•ืจืฅ-ื˜ืขืจืžื™ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ ื™ืฉื•ื–.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื‘ืœืึธื’? Cloud4Y

โ†’ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขืฉืžืึทืง
โ†’ ืึทื™ ื”ืขืœืคึผืก ืฆื• ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื ื™ืžืึทืœืก ืคื•ืŸ ืืคืจื™ืงืข
โ†’ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ ืื™ื– ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื ืœื™ืงื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืก
โ†’ 4 ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฆื• ืจืึทื˜ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืึธืœืงืŸ ื‘ืึทืงืึทืคึผืก
โ†’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื™ื•ื ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ืคืขื“ืขืจืืœืข ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืคืขืœืงืขืจื•ื ื’

ืึทื‘ืึธื ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื˜ืขืœืขื’ืจืึทื-ืงืึทื ืึทืœ, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ! ืžื™ืจ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืึธืœ ืึท ื•ื•ืึธืš ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜.

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’