ื•ื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืฉื™ื–: ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 50 ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจืฅ

ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืžืึทื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ืคื™ืจืขืจ, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ื•ื ื’. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ืงื•ื•ืืœืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืึทืจื•ื, ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ืฆื• ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ืžื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืœื™ื™ึทื‘ื  ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ ืคืึธืจืขื. ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก, ืื™ืš ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื•ื“ 50 ืœื™ื“ื™ื ื’ ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืขืœื“, ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืžืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทื“ื–ืฉืขืงืก. ื“ืืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก; ื˜ืขืกื˜ืขืจืก; ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืก; ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงืฅ; HR, ื“ืขื•ื•ืึธืคึผืก, ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฉืึทืœืึทืกืฅ; ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืžืึทื ืึทื“ื–ืฉืขืจื–.

ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืงืข ื“ื™ืกืงื•ืกื™ืขืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืึท ืจืฒึทืš ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœ. ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ ื“ืึธ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ.

ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืฉ ืึทืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืฉื™ื–

ื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข: ืงื•ืง ื•ื•ื• ืื™ืจ ืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš

ื•ื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืฉื™ื–: ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 50 ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจืฅืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคื™ืœืข ืคึผืจืึทื“ื–ืฉืขืงืก ืึทืจื•ื ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ. ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ื ืฒึทืข, ื•ื•ื•ึผ ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื’ืข ืœืฒึทื˜ ืึธื ืจื™ืจืŸ ืคึฟืจื™ืฉืข ืื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ. ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 5, 10, 15 ื™ืืจ ืึทืœื˜; ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงื•ื ื” ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืึทืœ ื‘ื•ื™ื ืจื™ื ื’ืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืขื ื“ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืกืึธื–ืึธื™ืง ื˜ืงื•ืคืข.
ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ืขื ืื•ืŸ ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึท ืฉืขื” ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืฆื• ื•ื™ืกืคืึธืจืฉืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืขื ืข ืคึผืจืึทื“ื–ืฉืขืงืก. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืœืึธืจ, ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ืึท ื”ื™ื’ืข ื’ื•ืจื• ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื™ืžืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจืึทืœ ื“ื™ืกื™ื–ืฉืึทื ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก.

ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืึธืœื˜ืขืจื ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืึทืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืฉื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื•ืš, ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืื•ื™ื‘ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืคืจื•ื•ื•ื˜ ื–ื™ื™. ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงื™ืœ ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ. ืึธื“ืขืจ ืืคึฟืฉืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืฉืคึผืึธืจืŸ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข, ื›ื™ื™ืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืœื‘ืขืจ ื‘ื•ืœืึทืฅ.

ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜, ืื™ืจ ืึทื ื˜ื“ืขืงืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื’ืึทืคึผืก ืฆื• ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื. ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื”ืึทื ื˜, ืื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื™ื ื•ื•ืึทืœื™ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜. ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ, ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’, ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ.

ื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข: ื–ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื• ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“ื™ื“

ื•ื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืฉื™ื–: ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 50 ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจืฅืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื˜ืจืขื ื“ืก, ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื™ึทืขืก ืคื™ื“ื–, ื’ืจื•ืคึผืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธื“ืงืึทืกืฅ. ืจืขื›ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ, ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ืึธืš. ืึธืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœืก ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ืœ ืคึผืจืึธืคืขืกืกื™ืึธื ืึทืœืก. ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึท ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืฉืคึผื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ืคึผืึธืกื˜ืŸ. ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ืงืœื•ื’ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืึทื– ืงืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ืึทื– ืงืœืืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื•ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธื“ืงืึทืกื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืœืืจ ื”ื•ื™ื›ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื• ืฆื• ื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ. ืœื™ื ืงืก ืฆื• ื’ื•ื˜ ืžืงื•ืจื™ื ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ.

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื›ื“ืื™ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืจืฆืœืขืŸ, ื’ืจื™ื ื“ืŸ ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืงืึธื ื˜ืึทืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืข ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜/ืฉื˜ื•ื“ื™ืข ืขืจื˜ืขืจ. ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ึทื ื“ืœืขืš ืฉืžื•ืขืก, ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืขืจ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืึทืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืฉื™ื–, ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทื ื™ืขืก, ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื–, ืืื–"ื• ื•.

ืžืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื–ืึธื’ื˜ ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ื™ืง, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ. ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜, ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืงื ื™ืงืก ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ื– / ื˜ืึทืกืงืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึทืœืขื ื“ืึทืจ. ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฃ ืคึผืจืึธืก ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืจ ืึทืžืึธืœ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธื›ืŸ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ืจ, ื‘ื™ื™ึท ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืขืจ ืจื•ืคืŸ / ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ืคื•ื˜ื‘ืึธืœ, ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœืึธืกืึธืคื™ืข, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคืจืขื’ืŸ, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ืคึฟืจืื’ืŸ:

  • "ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผื™ื™ืœืึทืฅ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืจ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจืžืข?"
  • "ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขืคึผืœืึธื ื˜ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืจืื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ: <ืฉื˜ื™ืžืข ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจืื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ>?"
  • "ื•ื•ืึธืก ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื˜ื™ื ื’ื– ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขืคืจื•ื•ื•ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜?"
  • "ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ / ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’ / ืคึผืจืึทืžืึธื•ื˜ื™ื ื’?"

ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืฆื• ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ.
ืขืก ืื™ื– ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืฆื• ืงื•ืงืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ึท ื“ื™ ื”ืึธืจื™ื–ืึธื ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ึท ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืขืจ ืึทืžืึธืœ ืึท ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ืœืคึผื—ื•ืช ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’. ื•ื•ื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžืขื™ื™ื•ื•ืขืจ - ืœื™ื™ืึทื ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทื ื™ืขืก ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืึธืŸ ืื™ืจ? ื“ื™ ื™ื–ื™ืึทืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจ ืคืจืขืžื“ ื•ื•ืึทืงืึทื ืกื™ืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื‘ืกื™ื˜ืขืก. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ "ืจืขืงื•ื•ื™ืจืขืžืขื ืฅ" ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ืจ ืงืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงืŸ ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ืคืึทืžื™ืœื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทื ื˜ืขืกื˜ืขื“ ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืจืขืงื•ื•ื™ืจืขืžืขื ืฅ, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ื’ื•ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื•ื•ืขื’. ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื•ื™ืกืคืึธืจืฉืŸ!

ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื˜ืฉืขืง: ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผื™ื™ืึทื ื™ืจื–

ื•ื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืฉื™ื–: ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 50 ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจืฅื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืื•ืŸ ื™ืงืกื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื–, ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ืžืขืจื‘ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทื ื™ืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ื™ื ืึธื•ื•ื•ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš, ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืึธื“, ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ, ื‘ืœืึธื’ืก. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ื™ืฉื˜, ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื• ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ื™ืก: ื“ื™ ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ ืึทืœืฅ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ืงืก ื–ื™ื™ ืกื˜ืขืคึผื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืคื•ื ื˜. ืคืึทืงืึทืคึผื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืึทืœืฅ! ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืคืจืขืžื“ืข.

ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื˜ืฉืขืง: ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืคึผื™ื™ืึทื ื™ืจื–

ื•ื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืฉื™ื–: ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 50 ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจืฅื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคืจื™ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ืœื™ืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืื™ื– ืคื™ืœ ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืกื˜ืึทืžื‘ืœื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ืงืก ื–ื™ืš. ื•ื•ื™ ื˜ืขืกื˜ืขืจืก ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื–, MD ื–ืึธื’ืŸ: "ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ืœื™ื’ื˜." ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื˜ืจื•ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจ ืขืก ื™ื– (ื˜ืขืงื ื™ืงืœื™ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜). ืขืก ืื™ื– ื™ืžืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืฆื• ืงื•ืงืŸ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ืš, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืึทืจื’ื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทืคึผืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข, ืœืึทื ื“, ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื›ืขืจ ืงืึธื“.

ืื™ืŸ ืืœืข ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช, ืงืื ืคืขืจืขื ืฆืŸ, ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื” ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืืœืขืžืืœ ื•ื•ื™ ืงื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื‘ืจื•ืš ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขืฉืคืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืงืœืื’ืขืก. ืื•ืŸ ื›ึผื“ื™ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืึธืžืคึผืขืจืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขื "ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืขื ืข ื˜ืขื•ืช", ื–ืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ื’ื•ื’ืœืขืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ'ืก ื“ื•ืจื›ืคึฟืึทืœืŸ: "ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืจืขืง", "ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื’ืขืจืงืข ืื™ื– ืึท ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง".

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื™ื–ื™ืึทืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืคืจื™ื™ึทืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืœืึธื’ืึทื ืก, "ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ ืืžื•ื ื”" ืื•ืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืงืึทืœื™ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ. ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ ืึทื– ื•ื•ืึธื•ื ื˜ืขื“ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืœืงืก ื˜ืขืงื ื™ืงืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจ. ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืงืฉื™ื: "ื•ื•ืึธืก ืกืคึผืึทืกื™ืคื™ืงืœื™ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœ ื“ื™ ื™ืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื ืึทืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ื™ื™ึท <...>?" ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืื™ื– "ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜," ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืึท ื‘ืึทืœื™ื•ื•ืขืจ, ื‘ืึทื“ื™.

ื˜ืจืึทื™ื ื™ื ื’: ื•ื•ืึทืงืกืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ืข

ื•ื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืฉื™ื–: ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 50 ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจืฅืื™ืฆื˜ ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืžื’ืขืงืขืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื•, ื‘ืื“ืขืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืจื•ื™ืง ืึทืจืึธืคึผ, ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืึท ืฉื˜ื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืžื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืœ, ืึทืจื•ืžื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืกื˜ืขืจ, ืงื•ืฉ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ืขืจ, ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึท ื”ื•ื™ืš ืคื™ื ืฃ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ื•ื ื“ืขืจืœืขืš ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ ื—ื™ื•ืช .
ืื™ืฆื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ื™ื™ึท? ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื“ืึทื ืง ืฆื• ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ, ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืคืจื™ื™.
ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ, ืกืึทืœื•ืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ื ื˜ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืจืึทื˜ืฉื™ื– ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื‘ื™ื™ึทื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ืคึผื™ื˜ืคืึธืœื– ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืฉืจื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืึธืจืขื˜ื™ืฉ ื™ืงืขืจ. ื™ื•ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ื‘ื•ืš ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ืงืขืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ + ื‘ืึทืึทืžื˜ืขืจ ื“ืึทืงื™ื•ืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ. ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคืขืœื“ ืึท ื‘ื•ืš ืคื•ืŸ 1000 ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ืžื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš. ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื ื™ื ื’ืคืึทืœ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืงืœ ืฆื• ื“ืขืงืŸ ื ืขืžื˜ ืžืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ืขืœืขื˜ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืง. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืงืึทืžื™ืฉ ื“ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืฆื• ืคื™ืจ ืคึผืึทืžืขืœืขืš ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ. ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื’ืึธืจ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ื‘ื•ืš ื™ืœื™ืžืึทื ื™ื™ืฅ ืฉืืœื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื’ื ื˜, ื“ืขืžืึทื ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ืฅ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืึทื– ืื•ืŸ ื›ึผืœืœื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜. ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ ื‘ืึทื–ืข ื’ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืœื“.
ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ืงื•ื•ืืœืŸ (ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ "ื™ื ื˜ืขืœืœื™ื’ืขื ืกืข ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ") ืึท ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ื™ืกื™ื–, ืขืจื’ืกื˜ ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ื™ืกื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืกืขืก ื•ื•ื• ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข.
ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ืžืึทืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืฉืจื™ื˜, ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืฆื• ืžื™ื“ ืึทื‘ืึธื ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืœืึธื’ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืื™ืจ ื ื•ืฆืŸ, ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืœืึธื’ืก ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืึทื’ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืก. ืื™ืŸ ื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœ ื‘ืœืึธื’ืก, ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ื˜ืฉืึทื ื’ืขืœืึธื’ืก, ื•ื•ื• ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื ืึธื•ื•ื•ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงืึทื ื“ืขื ืกื˜ ืคืึธืจืขื ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื–ืื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื™ึทืขืก ืฉื™ื™ึทื›ื•ืช ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื™ืงืึธื•ืกื™ืกื˜ืึทื ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฅ. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืึทื’ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืื–ื•ื™, ื“ื•ืจืš ื˜ืจืึทืงื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืง ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืขื ืข ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ.

ื˜ืจืึทื™ื ื™ื ื’: ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจ

ื•ื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืฉื™ื–: ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 50 ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจืฅืื™ืฆื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืคื•ืœ ื–ืึทืš - ืคื™ืจ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ื ื™ื™ึท ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธื›ืขื“ื™ืง ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขืš ื˜ืึทืกืงืก, ืฆื• ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืึท ืžื™ื“ืข. ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ืœื™ืš ื ืืš ื“ืขื ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืขื’ืœื™ืš ืฆื• ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ืข ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ.

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืฆื• ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ื ื™ื™ึท ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืึทื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืฆื•ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื ื™ื™ึท ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื™ืžื•ื•ืขืจืง ืคื•ืŸ ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ื˜ืึทืกืงืก, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืœื™ื‘ืœื™ื ื’ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืฆื• ืงืึธื ืกืึธืœื™ื“ื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœ.

ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’, ืฆื• ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืึท ื”ื™ื™ื ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืื™ื– ืึท ืžื•ื–ืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ ืึธื ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ืึทืœื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืงืึทืžื‘ืึทื˜ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜. ืคึผืœืึทืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ื–ื™ืš, ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’, ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ, ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ, ื“ืขื•ื•ืึธืคึผืก, ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื™ื–, ืฆืขืœื™ื™ื’ื , ืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ืœื™. ืึทืœืข ื“ืขื ื”ืขืœืคึผืก ืฆื• ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื ืขืคื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืึทืœืข ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืกื˜ืึทื’ืขืก (ืึทื—ื•ืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ืžื™ืกื˜ืึธืžืข). ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืกืงื™ืœื– ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ ืคืึธืจืขื, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืกืคึผืจื™ื ืฅ.

ื˜ืจืึทื™ื ื™ื ื’: ืฉืึทื ื“ ื–ื™ืš

ื•ื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืฉื™ื–: ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 50 ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจืฅื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืึธืคึผื ืึทืจืŸ? ื’ื•ื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืืŸ! ืื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืœืข. ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืขืื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื‘ืœืขืจื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืฆื• ืคื™ืœ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ื™ื™ึทืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื’ (ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืกื™ื›ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’). ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืก, ื–ืึธื’ืŸ / ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืขืก ืฆื• ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืžื™ื“ ื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืึทืคึผืก. ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื™ื•ื•ื™ื•ืขืจื– ื“ืขืคึผืขื ื“ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืกืึธืกื™ืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืึท ื‘ืจื™ื™ืงื˜ืจื• ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ, ืžื™ืจ ืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืงืึธืœืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•, ืจื•ืคืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจ ืขืก ื™ื– ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ. ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื™ืึธืจ, ื“ืขื ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื”ืื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜. ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคึฟืึทืจ QA ืึธื“ืขืจ DEV ืžื™ื˜ืึทืคึผืก ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื™ืœืขื. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ื˜ืึทืงืข ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื˜ื™ืžื–.

ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’: ืื™ื‘ืขืจื—ื–ืจืŸ

ื•ื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืฉื™ื–: ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 50 ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจืฅืฆื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ื• ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜? ืฆื™ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจื“ื™ืง ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืึทื–, ื“ื™ืกืึทืคึผืœืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’? ืื™ืš ื”ืื‘ ื–ื™ื™!

ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ, ื‘ืฉืขืช ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืคืจื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข, ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืึธืคึผื’ืขื‘ืŸ 1-2 ืคึผืึธืžืึธื“ืึธืจืึธืก ืฆื• ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื ื™ื™ึท ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ. ืื™ืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืขืจืŸ. ืื™ืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื˜ืึธืžืึทื˜ืึธื˜ื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืึทื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ ืื™ืจ (ืขืก ื˜ืึทืงืข ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜!). ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก. ื“ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ื‘ื•ืš, ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึธื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืึท ืœื™ื‘ืœื™ื ื’ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื™ืจ. ืื™ืจ ื”ืขืจื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืขื ื ื™ืฉื˜, ืื™ืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ืœื•ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคืœืืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืงื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื”ืืœื‘ืŸ ื˜ืื’, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ึทืžืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ื™ืจ ืื•ืžืงืขืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื–ืึทืš ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ E- ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืจื™ื˜ื•ืึทืœ. ืื•ืŸ ืงืขืจ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ื ืึธื•ื˜ืึทืคืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื‘ื™ื™ึท ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืžืึธืœ. ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ, ืจื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืึทืคืึทืœืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืคืึทืœืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ 8 ืฉืขื”.

ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ 1 ืคึผืึธืžืึธื“ืึธืจืึธ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื ืึทื›ื˜ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขื˜ ืฆื• ืคื™ืจ "ืึธื˜ืึธื•ืคึผื™ื™ืœืึทื˜" ืึธื“ืขืจ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ / ื‘ืขื ืงืฉืึทืคื˜. ื“ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ "ืงืึทื˜ืึท" ื ื•ืกื— ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก (ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืงืึธื“ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืจื™ืคืœืขืงืกืึทื– ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืžื™ื“ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’), ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทืžื–, ืจื™ืœื™ื™ื™ื ื’ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ / ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ / ื”ืขืจื•ืช.
ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื’ืขื ื•ื’. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืึท ื˜ืฉื™ื˜ืขืจ ืึธืŸ ืงื™ื“ืก ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืœืขื’ื ื”ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ืจืขื–ืฉื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืคืึทื ืึทื˜ื™ืงืึทืœ ื“ืขื•ื•ืึธืคึผืกืขืจ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืข ืืœืฅ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ. 2-3 ืฉืขื” ื ืึธืš ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธื’ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคื™ืก. ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืื’ ืคืจื™ื™, ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื™ื˜ื”, ืื™ื– ืคึผืึทืžืคึผื™ื ื’ ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ืฆื• ืึท ื•ื•ืึธืš (!) ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผื™ืงื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธื•ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืจื™ืฉ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคื™ืก.

ืžืึทื ืึทื“ื–ืฉืขืจื– 'ืึทืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืฉื™ื–

ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึท ื“ื–ืฉืขื“ื™

ื•ื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืฉื™ื–: ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 50 ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจืฅื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืกืึธืฃ ืžื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึทืœืขื ื“ืึทืจ, ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ืึทื’ืจื™ืžืึทื ืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืจ ืฆื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื”ืขืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืจื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื– ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื“ืขืงื˜ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืŸ. ื‘ืขืจื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ืึทื‘ืœืึทื’ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ืŸ. ืขืก ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืŸ ืฆื• ืคืืจืžื™ืจืŸ ื ืฉืขื ืคืืจ'ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ.

ืื™ืŸ ืกื“ืจ ืฆื• ืขืคืขืก ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืจืึธืœืข, ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืงืึธืคึผืข ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ึทื’ืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืœ ืžืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืžืขื ื˜ ืึท "ืœื™ื™ื“ื™ืง ื™ื ื‘ืึธืงืก". ืืžืืœ ื”ืื‘ ืื™ืš ืคืืจื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ื‘ืขืจืš 10 ืฉืขื” ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื, ืื™ืš ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื– ืขืก ื•ื•ืืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื‘ืืงื•ื•ืขื ืฆื• ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ืึธื•ื˜ื•ื‘ืข.

ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืกืคึผื™ื“ื–

ื•ื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืฉื™ื–: ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 50 ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจืฅืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืคืึธืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืžืึธืจื™ื–ืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ืคึผืจืขื–ืึทื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–, ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ื˜-ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’.

ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ. ืื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืื™ื“ื™ื™ืขืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืื’ืœื™ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืœืื ื’ืข ื”ืงื“ืžื”, ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ื•ื™ืื–ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขื, ื–ืขืœื‘ืกื˜-ืคืืจืฉืคืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืžืื˜ื™ื•ื•ืืฆื™ืข. ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ ื›ืึทืคึผืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ, ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ืฆื™ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืืžืช, ืฆื™ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืคื•ืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ืจ, ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืกื“ืจ ืฆื• ื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ืขืก ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜. ืฆื™ ื ื™ื˜ ื™ืึธื’ืŸ ืงื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ื™ื˜ื™. ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืคืึธืงื•ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืกืงื™ืœื– ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื•ื• ืื™ืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜. ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ืกืคึผืึทืกื™ืคื™ืงืœื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืจืกืขื ืึทืœ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื ื•ืฆืŸ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ / ื•ื•ืึทืš ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ื’.

ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจืŸ ืึท ืงืึธืจื™ืง

ื•ื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืฉื™ื–: ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 50 ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจืฅืžื™ืจ ืึทืœืข ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืจื™ื™ึทืกืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืœื™ื‘ืกื˜ืข ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื–. ืื™ืจ ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจื“ื™ืง ืžื™ื“ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืก, ืžืฉืคึผื—ื”, ืคืจื™ื™ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื•ื•ื•ื ื“ืŸ. ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืกื˜ืขื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ "ื‘ืขืจื ืึธื•ื˜" ื‘ื™ื™ึท ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืขืจ ืึทืžืึธืœ ืึท ื™ืึธืจ. ืื™ืš ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึทื– ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืœ ืžืขืจ ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœืก ืคื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืึธืคึผืœืึทืŸ. ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืึทื– ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ื–ืื›ืŸ ืึทื—ื•ืฅ ื“ืขื.

ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฆื•ื•ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืึธื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืึทื–ืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื”ืึทื ื“ืœื•ื ื’, ืจืขืึทื’ื™ืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื•, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธื•ื˜ืึทืคืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–. ื“ื™ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธื’ ืคึผืœืึธืžื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงืขืค ืื•ืŸ ืžืืœ ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืขื ืฅ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื• ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ "ื’ืขืœืขื’ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ" ืืœื ื•ื•ื™ "ืื•ื™ืกืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืคื™ื™ืขืจืก." ื“ื• ื“ืืจืคืกื˜ ืื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ. ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื–ื™ืง / ื˜ืขืœืขื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ืข ืกืขืจื™ืข / ื˜ืขืœืขืคืึธืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜, ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜, ื“ื™ ืจื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื”ืขืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš. ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืงืœืขืจืŸ, ื“ื–ืฉืึทื’ื™ื ื’, ื™ืึธื’ืึท ืื•ืŸ ืกื™ื™ืงืœื™ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ื•ืขืง.

ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜

ื•ื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืฉื™ื–: ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 50 ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจืฅืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื™ืงืกืคึผืึทื ื“ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื–ืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ึท ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืขืจ ืึท ืžืึทื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ืคื™ืจืŸ. ืงื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืขืจ 3 ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง. ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ืื™ืฆื˜ ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืขืจ ื“ืขืคึผืขื ื“ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืกื™ื–ืฉืึทื ื–, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืงืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื–ืขืงืก ื—ื“ืฉื™ื. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืจื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื•ื•ื•ื ื“ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืจื•ื˜ื™ืŸ, ืื™ืจ ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืืคื™ืœื• ื–ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึธืžื‘ืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืžืึทื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ืขืกืŸ.

ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืขืก ืจื™ืคึผืึธืจืฅ ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜, ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ, ืคื•ืŸ ื ืขื›ื˜ืŸ, ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืก ืจืึทืฉ. ืื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืง ื‘ื™ื™ึท ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ืกื˜ืจืึธืงืขืก, ื“ื™ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจืขื“. ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืœืขืจื ื‘ื•ืš, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืงืœืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขื˜ืจืืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืืŸ (ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืงื˜ืึธืจืก?).

ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึท ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ืขืจ ื ืึธืš, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืกื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื™ ื™ื˜ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš. ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืึธื•ื•ื ื˜ ื ืึธืš ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ ืื™ืš ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืึทืœืข ื ื™ื˜-ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทื˜ื™ืึธื ืก, ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ, ื ื™ื™ึทืขืก, ืžื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ื– ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืกื™ื–ืฉืึทื ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜. ืขืก ื ืขืžื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 5 ืžื™ื ื•ื˜, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืื™ืš ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ืงื•ืจืฅ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืš, ืื™ืš ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึท ื”ืึทืœื‘ ืฉืขื” ืฆื• ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ (ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืึธื•ื•ื ื˜ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืคึผืึธืžืึธื“ืึธืจืึธ), ืคืึธืจืžื•ืœื™ืจืŸ ืขืก ืžืขืจ ืงืึทื ืกื™ื™ืกืœื™ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืคึผืึทื˜ืขืจื ื–, ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืกื™ื–ืฉืึทื ื–. ืื™ืš ืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื”ืึทื ื˜ื’ืขืœืขื ืง, ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ, ืœืขืจืŸ ืฆื• ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืงืึธื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜, ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜, ืคื™ืจืžืข ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ ืฉื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื’.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืจืขื˜ืจืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืฆื™ืขืŸ ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืžืœื™ื™ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก.

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึท ื˜ืึธื’ื‘ื•ืš, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ืขืžืึธืฆื™ืึธื ืขืœ ืงืœืึธืฅ. ืžืขืŸ ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื•ืงืขื ืข ืคืืงื˜ืŸ, ืžืขืŸ ื–ืขื˜ ื“ื™ ืื‘ืกื•ืจื“ืงื™ื™ื˜, ืื•ืžืจืขื›ื˜ ื‘ืืฉืœื•ืกืŸ, ืžืื ื™ืคื•ืœืืฆื™ืขืก, ืžืขืŸ ืงื•ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื™ืกืŸ. ืื™ืจ ืฆื™ืขืŸ ืงืึทื ืงืœื•ื–ืฉืึทื ื– ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ. ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฉืคึผื•ืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืกื™ื–ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืึทื ืกืึทืงื•ื•ืขื ืกืึทื–. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืึท ืคืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืข ืึธืคึผื ืึทืจืŸ ื‘ืœืึทื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ืกื™ื–ืฉืึทื ื– ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืึธืจ-ืœืึทื ื’ "ืœืึธื’ื™ื ื’" ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’, ืฆื• ื•ื™ืกืžื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ืงืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื ืข ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ.

ืื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืงืขื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜. ื“ื™ ื™ื–ื™ืึทืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ื‘ืœืึทื˜ ืคืœื™ืคึผื˜ืฉืึทืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ 12 ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืื ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘. ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขืก, ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืกื˜ืจืึธืงืขืก, ืฆื™ื™ื›ืŸ ื’ืœืื‘ืืœืข ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ื—ืชื•ื ื” ื™ืึธืจื˜ืึธื’, ื•ื•ืึทืงืึทืฆื™ืข, ืงืึทืžืคึผืœื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜, ืงืึธืจื˜ืขืจืœื™ ืคื™ื ืึทื ืฆื™ืขืœ ืกื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืžืึทื ืฅ, ืึทื“ืึทืฅ, ืืื–"ื• ื•.

ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš, ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท A4 ื‘ืœืึทื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ื“ื™ื˜ื™ื™ืœื“ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืขืœืคึฟืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฆื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ึทื’ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ. ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื˜ื™ื ื’ื–.

ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืึทื–, ื“ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืจืึธืœืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜, ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคึผืจื™ืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ ืกื˜ืขืคึผืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ึทื’ืŸ (ืœืžืฉืœ ื–ืขืงืก ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ึทื’ืŸ) ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขื“ืœื™ื™ื ื–. ื ื•ื•ืึธืš ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืขืจืœืขืš ืคึผืœืึทืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืกืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ืžืขืจ ื“ื™ื˜ื™ื™ืœื“ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืง ื—ื•ื“ืฉ.

ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ

ื•ื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืฉื™ื–: ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 50 ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจืฅืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืื•ืŸ ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก, ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ื•ื•ืืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืขืก. ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขืฅ ื”ืขืœืคึผืก ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ื™ึทื–, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš.

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ืึทื˜ืึธืจืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ืจ ืจืขืคืขืจืก ืฆื• ืึท ื‘ื•ืš, ืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืขืก. ื“ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืœื™ื•ื•ืขื“ื–ืฉืึธื•ืจื ืึทืœ, ื‘ืœืึธื’ืก, ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก, ืจืขื“ืขืก, ืืื–"ื• ื•. ืขืก ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื˜ืจืขื ื“ืก.

ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืึธื‘ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืึทื“ืขืจืก ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืฆื• ืื™ืจ, ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ื™ึทืคืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื–, ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืกื™ื–ืฉืึทื ื– ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืคึฟืึทืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงืขื“ื™ื™ึทื™ืง ืฆื• ืงืœืึธืฅ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ืกืงื™ืœื–, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืงืึทื ืงืœื•ื–ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืึทื˜ืึทืœื˜ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืกื™ื–ืฉืึทื ื– ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜. ืขืก ื˜ื•ืจื ืก ืื•ื™ืก ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืจืขื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจืขืจ. ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข. ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜ ืึธืคื˜ ื”ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจืึทื–ืข "... ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืื’ืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืžืข. ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ ืฆื• ื”ืขืœืคืŸ." ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื™ื™ื“ืœื ืึทืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึท ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงื™ืœ ื’ืขื“ืื ืงืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืœืขื’ืข.

ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ืคึผืขืจืกื ืึทืœื™ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ืึท ื”ืึทืจื˜ ืคืึทื›ืžืึทืŸ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื”ืฆืœื—ื”. ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื–ืขืœื›ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ, ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ. ื“ื• ื–ืืœืกื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืจื™ืคื˜, ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืกืึทืœื•ืฉืึทื ื–, ื”ืขืจืŸ ืฆื• ืฉืึทืงื™ื ื’ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืง, ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคืึธืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึทื ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•. ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืึทื– ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืงื™ืœ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืฉืจืึธืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืขื.

ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœืก

ื•ื•ื™ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืฉื™ื–: ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 50 ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจืฅืื™ืŸ ืžืกืงื ื, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœืก, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืขืขืจืขืš ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื˜ืขืžืข. ืื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืึทื–, ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื ืึทื˜ืฉืขืœ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขืš ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจื™ื.
ืื™ืŸ ื›ึผื“ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื’ืจืึธื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ (ืึท ืžืึธืœ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ), ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ ืึท ืฆื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ Google ื“ืึธืงืก ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื™ืฅ: ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืงืึทื ืคืจืึทื ืกืึทื–, ืคึผืึธื“ืงืึทืกืฅ, ื‘ืœืึธื’ืก, ื’ืจื•ืคึผืขืก, ืงืึธืจืกืึทื–, ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ื“ื™ืืก, ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื. -ืงืึทื˜ืึทืก (ื•ื ื“ืขืจืœื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง). ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื”ืื˜ ืขืจ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ:

  • ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ - ื–ืื›ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืš ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืœืึธืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ. ืื™ืš ืงื•ื ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ, ื›ืื˜ืฉ ืื•ื™ื‘ื ืื•ื™ืคื™ืงืขืจ, ืคืึธืจืฉืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžืขืŸ ืขืกืŸ ืขืก. ื“ืึธืก ื™ื•ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื’ืึธืจ ืคึผืœืึธืžื‘ื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืจื™ืก.
  • ืึธืคึผื ืึทืจืŸ ืฉื™ืฅ - ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื• ืื™ืš ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ื˜ืฉืขืงืœื™ืกืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ืš-ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’. ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืขืœืคึฟืŸ, ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึทืจืš ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื“ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง, ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก. ื“ืึธ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึธืคึผื ืึทืจืŸ ืฉื™ืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผื™ื ื’ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืข ืคึผืœืึทืŸ, ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืจื™ืกืงืก, ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึผืจื™ืคึผืขืจื™ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ื–, ืืื–"ื• ื•.

ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจ ื‘ืœืึทื˜ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืึท ืฆื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืึทืจื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื– (ื‘ืคึฟืจื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ):

  • ื ืึธืžืขืŸ
  • ืžืขื›ืึทื‘ืขืจ
  • ืงืึธื•ื•ืขืจ (ืื™ืš ื’ืขื“ืขื ืง ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ื˜ืœ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ื ื˜ืขืจ)
  • ืงืึทื˜ืขื’ืึธืจื™ืข (ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืืก ืจืขืกืคึผืขืงื˜ ื”ืึทืจืžืึธื ื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ. ืื™ืจ ืฆื™ื™ื›ืŸ "ื‘ื™ื–ื ืขืก", "ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’", "ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’", "ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ" ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืคื™ืœื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ืขืกืขืจืŸ ื“ืขื ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึทื– ื’ืขื’ื ื˜)
  • ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ื•ึผืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ? (ืงืึธืœืขื’ืข, ืคืึธืจื•ื, ื‘ืœืึธื’ ... ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืžืงื•ืจ, ื“ื™ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜ ื‘ืึทืฆื™ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืึทื ื˜ื“ืขืงืŸ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื–ืื›ืŸ)
  • ืคืืจื•ื•ืืก ืื™ื– ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ? (ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืขื˜ื™ื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื•ื™ืกื’ืื‘ืขืก)
  • ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืขื ืขืคื™ืฅ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื ืขืŸ? (ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื›ื“ืื™ ืฆื• ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืขืœื“ ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ื™ืฉ. ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื– ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ืึธืจืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข.)
  • ืคืืจื•ื•ืืก ื“ืืจืฃ ืื™ืš ื“ืืก? (ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ? ื•ื•ื™ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื• ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืฆื•ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืขืก?)

ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื–ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืกื“ืจ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืจื™ื ื’ืขืจ ืฆื• ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืึธืœืขื’ืข ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ื.

ื“ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืึทืจืึทื ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืงื•ืœืึทืกื˜ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืจืฉื™ืžื”. ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื˜ื•ื‘ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืžืข, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ ืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืžื“ืจื’ื”. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ืึธืš ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืžืึธื“ืึธืจืึธืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ืจ, ื–ืึธืœ ืื™ืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืขืก ืึทื•ื•ืขืง?

ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’
ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜โ€ข ืขืงืกื˜ืจืขื ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’: ื˜ืขืกื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’
โ€ข ืจื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ. ื“ื™ ืงื•ื ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’
โ€ข ืคืœืขืงืกืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทื ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื–'ืื‘ื ืื•ืŸ C ++. ืคึผืจื™ื ืกืึทืคึผืึทืœื–, ืคึผืึทื˜ืขืจื ื– ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงื ื™ืงืก
โ€ข ื™ื“ืขืึทืœ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžื™ืกื˜. ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคืึทื›ืžืึทืŸ
โ€ข ื–'ืื‘ื. ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’
โ€ข ื–'ืื‘ื ืคื™ืœืืกืืคื™ืข
โ€ข ืจื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธื“: ืฉืึทืคื•ื ื’, ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืจืขืคืึทืงื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’
โ€ข Java Concurrency ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจ
โ€ข ืฉืœื™ื™ืžืขืกื“ื™ืง ืงืึธื“. ื‘ืขืœ ืงืœืึทืก
โ€ข ื”ื•ื™ืš-ืžืึทืกืข ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–. ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’, ืกืงื™ื™ืœื™ื ื’, ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ
โ€ข ื™ื•ื ื™ืงืก. ืคืึทื›ืžืึทืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’
โ€ข ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทืžืฃ
โ€ข ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทืžื–. ืงืึทื ืกื˜ืจืึทืงืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก
โ€ข ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ ื ืขื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจืงืก
โ€ข Java 8. ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ ืก ื’ื™ื™ื“
โ€ข C ++ ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžืžื™ื ื’ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš
โ€ข ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ืขืก! ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืขื ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืึธืจื’ืŸ
โ€ข ืงืขื ื˜ ื‘ืขืง - ื˜ืขืกื˜ ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’
โ€ข ืคืขืœื“ ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ (ื“ื“ื“). ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจื™ื ื’ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœืขืงืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ

ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’

ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜โ€ข "ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ืึธื˜ ืงืึทื" ืจื•ื™ืžื™ืฉืข ืกืึทื•ื•ื™ืŸ
โ€ข ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ื™ืกื˜ืงื‘ ืกืขืจื˜ื™ืคื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ
โ€ข ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’: ืึทืŸ ISTQB-ISEB ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคึผืขื“ื™ืข ื’ื™ื™ื“
โ€ข ืึท ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉื ืขืจ ืก ื’ื™ื™ื“ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ื˜ืขืกื˜ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ
โ€ข ืึธื ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก. ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืงื ื™ืงืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึธื ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื”ืึทืจื“ื•ื•ืึทืจืข ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’
โ€ข ืคึผืจืึทื’ืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’: ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึท ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื•ืŸ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ื˜ืขืกื˜ ืคืึทื›ืžืึทืŸ
โ€ข ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืึทื–. ืคึผืœืึทื ื™ืจื•ื ื’, ืฆื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’, ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ืขืกืขืจื•ื ื’
โ€ข ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ Google
โ€ข ื“ืขืจ ืขืงืกืคึผืขืจื˜ ื˜ืขืกื˜ ืžืึทื ืึทื’ืขืจ
โ€ข ื“ื™ "ื" ื•ื•ืึธืจื˜. ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื•ื•ืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืกื˜ ืึทื•ื˜ืึธืžืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ
โ€ข ืœืขืงืฆื™ืขืก ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’: ืึท ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜-ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’
โ€ข ื•ื™ืกืคืึธืจืฉืŸ ืขืก! ืจืขื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืจื™ื–ื™ืงื™ืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืขืงืกืคึผืœืึธืจืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’

ืงืึทื˜ืึทืก

ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜โ€ข acm.timus.ru
โ€ข exercism.io
โ€ข www.codeabbey.com
โ€ข codekata.pragprog.com
โ€ข e-maxx.ru/algo

ืคึผืึธื“ืงืึทืกืฅ

ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜โ€ข devzen.ru
โ€ข sdcast.ksdaemon.ru
โ€ข radio-t.com
โ€ข razbor-poletov.com
โ€ข theartofprogramming.podbean.com
โ€ข androiddev.apptractor.ru
โ€ข devopsdeflope.ru
โ€ข runetologia.podfm.ru
โ€ข ctocast.com
โ€ข eslpod.com
โ€ข radio-qa.com
โ€ข soundcloud.com/podlodka
โ€ข www.se-radio.net
โ€ข changelog.com/podcast
โ€ข www.yegor256.com/shift-m.html

ืžืงื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœืก

ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜โ€ข martinowler.com
โ€ข twitter.com/asolntsev
โ€ข ru-ru.facebook.com/asolntsev
โ€ข vk.com/1tworks
โ€ข mtsepkov.org
โ€ข www.facebook.com/mtsepkov
โ€ข twitter.com/gvanrossum
โ€ข testing.googleblog.com
โ€ข dzone.com
โ€ข qastugama.blogspot.com
โ€ข cartmendum.livejournal.com
โ€ข www.facebook.com/maxim.dorofeev
โ€ข forum.mnogosdelal.ru
โ€ข www.satisfice.com/blog
โ€ข twitter.com/jamesmarcusbach
โ€ข news.ycombinator.com
โ€ข www.baeldung.com/category/weekly-review
โ€ข jug.ru
โ€ข www.e-executive.ru
โ€ข tproger.ru
โ€ข www.javaworld.com
โ€ข ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ.ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜

ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข

ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜โ€ข ื“ื™ ืึทืกืกืขืจื˜ื™ื•ื•ืขื ืขืกืก ืคึผืึทืงืึทื˜ื‘ืึธืึธืง
โ€ข ื–ืื’ ืงื•ื“ื "ื ื™ื™ืŸ". ืกืขืงืจืขืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทื›ืžืึทืŸ ื ื™ื’ืึธื•ืฉื™ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื–
โ€ข ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืœืฅ! ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืงืกื™ืžื•ื ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื ืึทื’ืึธื•ืฉื™ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–
โ€ข ืคึผืกื™ื›ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื™ื™ื’ื•ื ื’. 50 ืคึผืจืึธื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืขืจืกื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื™ื•ื•
โ€ข ื”ืึทืจื˜ ื ืึทื’ืึธื•ืฉื™ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–. ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืื ื“ืŸ. ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืคื™ืจืขืจ
โ€ข ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ. ื˜ืจืึทื™ื ื™ื ื’ ื‘ื•ืš ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืฆืœื™ื— ื ืึทื’ืึธื•ืฉื™ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–
โ€ข ืงืจืขืžืœื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื ืึทื’ืึธื•ืฉื™ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–
โ€ข ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข ื“ื™ืึทืœืึธื’ืŸ. ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืงืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš
โ€ข ื ื™ื• NLP ืงืึธื“, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืึทื ื“ ื˜ืฉืึทื ืกืขืœืœืึธืจ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ืื™ืจ!

ื–ื™ืœื‘ืขืจ ื‘ื•ืœืึทืฅ

ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ื ืึทืœ

ืงืึธื•ื˜ืฉื™ื ื’

ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜โ€ข ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืงืึธื•ื˜ืฉื™ื ื’. ื˜ืขื˜ืฉื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข ื“ื•ืจืš ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืžืคึผืœื•ื™ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜
โ€ข ืงืึธื•ื˜ืฉื™ื ื’: ืขืžืึธืฆื™ืึธื ืขืœ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื˜ื™ื ืก
โ€ข ื”ื•ื™ืš ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืงืึธื•ื˜ืฉื™ื ื’. ื ื™ื• ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ืกื˜ื™ืœ, ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’, ื”ื•ื™ืš ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืงื™ื™ึทื˜

ืคื™ืจืขืจืฉืึทืคื˜

ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜โ€ข ืคึผืกื™ื›ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื”ืฉืคึผืขื”
โ€ข ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื ืขืŸ ืคืจืขื ื“ื– ืื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืคึผืขื” ืื•ื™ืฃ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ
โ€ข ืคื™ืจืขืจ ืก ืงืขืจื™ื–ืžืึท
โ€ข ืคื™ืจืขืจ ืึธืŸ ืึท ื˜ื™ื˜ืœ. ื ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ืžืฉืœ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืืžืช ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜
โ€ข ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ืจืขืจ. ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ืกื˜ื™ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื™ืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœื™ ื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœื–
โ€ข ืดืคื™ืจืข ืจ ืื• ืŸ ืฉื‘ื˜ . ืคื™ื ืฃ ืœืขื•ื•ืขืœืก ืคื•ืŸ ืคึฟื™ืจืžืข ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ"

ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’

ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜โ€ข ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืกื˜ืึทื“ืข ืงืึทืฅ
โ€ข ืดื“ืขืจ ืื™ื“ืขืืœืขืจ ืคื™ืจืขืจ. ืคืืจื•ื•ืืก ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื"
โ€ข ืคื™ืจืขืจ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื
โ€ข ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื™ืจ
โ€ข ื˜ืขืจืžื™ืŸ. ื ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’
โ€ข ืžืึทื ืึทื’ืขืžืขื ื˜ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืœื–. ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื•ืŸ ื™ื ื™ืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•
โ€ข ื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ื›ึผืœืœื™ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ! ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ 'ืก ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืžืึทื ืึทื“ื–ืฉืขืจื– ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ?
โ€ข ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ ืฆื• ื’ืจื•ื™ืก. ืคืืจื•ื•ืืก ื˜ืึธืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทื ื™ืขืก ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ืงื˜ืจื•ื– ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ...
โ€ข ื‘ืึทืคึฟืขืœืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืœื’ืŸ?
โ€ข Gemba Kaizen. ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืš ืฆื• ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ืงืึธืก ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜
โ€ข ื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ื›ึผืœืœื™ื ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ.
โ€ข ื ื™ื™ึท ืฆื™ืœ. ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื“ืึทืจ, ื–ืขืงืก ืกื™ื’ืžืึท ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืึธืจื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืงืึทื ืกื˜ืจื™ื™ื ืฅ
โ€ข ืžืึทื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’. ืฉืืคืŸ ืึท ื”ื•ื™ืš ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข

ืžืึธื•ื˜ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ

ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜โ€ข ืคืึธืจ. ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ืึทืงืข ืžืึธื•ื˜ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ืฅ ืื•ื ื“ื–
โ€ข ืึทื ื˜ื™-ืงืึทืจื ืขื’ื™ืข
โ€ข ืคึผืจืึธื™ืขืงื˜ "ืคื™ื ื™ืงืก". ื ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ DevOps ืื™ื– ื˜ืฉืึทื ื’ื™ื ื’ ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ
โ€ข ื˜ื•ื™ืึธื˜ืึท ืงืึทื˜
โ€ข ืคืืจื•ื•ืืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ ืจื™ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืึธืจืขื. ื“ืขืจ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทื›ื˜, ื•ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜ืึธื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืจืขืžืงื™ื™ึทื˜
โ€ข ืึทื ืœืึทืงื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืึธืจื’ืึทื ืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜

ืื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขืกื˜ืœ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ

ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜โ€ข ื–ืขืงืก ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ื”ื•ื˜ืก
โ€ข ื’ืึธืœื“ืจืึทื˜ ื”ื™ื™ึทืกื˜ืึทืง ืกื™ื ื“ืจืึธื•ื
โ€ข ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืึธืœื“ืขืŸ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ
โ€ข ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื ืžืื˜ืขืžืื˜ื™ืงืขืจ. ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืกืึธืœื•ื•ืข ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืคืึทืกื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื™ืคื™ืฉืึทื ื˜ืœื™
โ€ข ืจื•ืกืœืื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื ืงืื ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืืฆื™ืข ืœืื’ืขืจ
โ€ข ื“ืข ืจ ื’ืฒืื˜ื™ืง ืข ืฉืคื™ื˜ืืœ , ืื™ ื– ืื™ ืŸ ื“ ื™ ื”ืขื  ื˜ ืคื• ืŸ ืคืืฆื™ืขื ื˜ืŸ . Alan Cooper ืื•ื™ืฃ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืคื™ื™ืกื™ื–
โ€ข ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื™ืกื ื“ื™ืงืข
โ€ข ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืข ืกื•ื•ืึทืŸ. ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืฆื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ืคึผืจื™ื“ื™ืงื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™
โ€ข ื–ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜
โ€ข ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ืกื™ื–ืฉืึทื ื–

ืคึผืจืึธื™ืขืงื˜ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’

ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜โ€ข ื™ืžืคึผืึทืงื˜ ืžืึทืคึผื™ื ื’: ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคึผืจืึทื“ื–ืฉืขืงืก
โ€ข "ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœ ืงืึธืก ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜?"
โ€ข ืคึผืžื‘ืึธืง (ื’ื™ื™ื“ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื™ืขืงื˜ ืžืึทื ืึทื’ืขืžืขื ื˜ ื’ื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ (PMBOK ื’ื™ื™ื“))
โ€ข ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืึทืงืึทืœ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ-ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ
โ€ข ื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื–ื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืจื–: ืึธื ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืจื™ื–ื™ืงื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ื•ืืจื’ ืคึผืจืึทื“ื–ืฉืขืงืก
โ€ข ื’ืึธืœื“ืจืึทื˜ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืงื™ื™ื˜
โ€ข ืฆื™ืœ. ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจื“ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ืขืกืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก

ื–ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจื›ืงื•ืง

ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜โ€ข ื’ืœื™ืง ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืขื’ื™ืข. ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื• ืื™ื
โ€ข ื’ืขืฉืœืขื›ื˜, ื’ืขืœื˜, ื’ืœื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜. ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš
โ€ข ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขื›ืกื˜ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืข ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’
โ€ข ื–ื™ืš-ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’. ื ืกื›ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืขืงืกืขืจืกื™ื™ื–ื™ื– ืฆื• ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ
โ€ข ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš-ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ. ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ืขืก ืžื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืกืขืจื˜ื™ื•ื•?
โ€ข ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ. ื“ื™ ืคึผืกื™ื˜ืฉืึธืœืึธื’ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžืึทืœ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’
โ€ข ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜. ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืืจืงืŸ
โ€ข ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžืึทื–ืœื“ื™ืง
โ€ข ื“ื™ืžืขื ื˜ ืงืึทื˜ืขืจ. ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื
โ€ข ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืฆื• ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ืคึผืกื™ื›ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืึทืžืงื™ื™ึทื˜
โ€ข ืขืจืฉื˜ื™ืง ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืŸ
โ€ข ืกื™ื ื˜ืฉืจืึธื ื™
โ€ข ื ื˜ืขืึธืจื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืฉืคึผืึทืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืคึผืœืึทืŸ
โ€ข ืึทื•ื˜ืœื™ื™ืขืจื–: ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื”ืฆืœื—ื”
โ€ข ื‘ืœื™ื ืง: ื“ื™ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ ืึธืŸ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ
โ€ข ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ positive ืคึผืกื™ื˜ืฉืึธืœืึธื’ื™
โ€ข ืขืžืึธืฆื™ืึธื ืขืœ ืกื™ื™ื›ืœ. ืคืืจื•ื•ืืก ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ IQ

ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ

ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜โ€ข ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ืึท ื’ื™ื™ื“ ืฆื• ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื•ื•ืขืจืง
โ€ข ืกื•ืคึผืขืจื‘ืจืึทื™ืŸ. ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืžืึทื ื•ืึทืœ, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืกื™ื™ื›ืœ, ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ื™ื ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ืขืกืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ
โ€ข ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ. ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ื“ื•ืจืš ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ 8 ืžืืœ ืคืึทืกื˜ืขืจ

ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’

ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜โ€ข ื“ื–ืฉืขื“ื™ ื˜ืขืงื ื™ืงืก
โ€ข ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืคึผืึทืžืขืœืขืš ... ื‘ืึทืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“
โ€ข ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืง ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคื•ืœืึทืกื˜. ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืฆื• ื”ื•ื™ืš ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’, ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœื™ืง
โ€ข ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ. ืžื•ืกื˜ืขืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ IT ืžื•ืžื›ืข
โ€ข ืงืึทื ื’ืงืขืจ ืคึผืจืึทืงืจืึทืกื˜ืึทื ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ! ื•ื•ื™ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื ื’ื– ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ื‘ื™ื– ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ
โ€ข 12 ื•ื•ืึธื›ืŸ ืึท ื™ืึธืจ
โ€ข ืžืึทืงืกื™ืžื•ื ืงืึทื ืกืึทื ื˜ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ. ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื™ืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื ืึทืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ืคึผ ื˜ื™ื ื’ืงื™ื ื’
โ€ข ืขืกืกืขื ื˜ื™ืึทืœื™ื–ื. ื“ืขืจ ื“ืจืš ืฆื• ืคึผืึทืฉื˜ืขืก
โ€ข ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืžื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ื–

ืคืึทืกื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ

ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜โ€ข ืคืึทืกื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืก ื’ื™ื™ื“. ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืคื™ืจืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืึท ืฉืœืึธืก ื‘ืึทืฉืœื•ืก
โ€ข ืคืœื™ื ืง ืจืขื˜ืจืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•. ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ ืžืึทื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ
โ€ข ืคึผืจืึธื™ืขืงื˜ ืจืขื˜ืจืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•. ื•ื•ื™ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ื˜ื™ืžื– ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืฆื• ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืก
โ€ข ืฉื ืขืœ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืคืœื™ื ืง ืจืขื˜ืจืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื–
โ€ข ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ื™ืก ื•ื•ื™ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœ ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ. ืึทืŸ ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ืื•ืคึฟืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกืึทืœื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœืขืงืก ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก
โ€ข ื•ื•ื™ืกื•ืึทืœ ื”ืขืจื•ืช. ืึทืŸ ืื™ืœื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืขืจ ืฆื• ืกืงืขื˜ืฉื ืึธื˜ื™ื ื’
โ€ข ืจืขื“ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ
โ€ข ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ. ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจืŸ
โ€ข ื•ื•ื™ื–ืฉื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื™ื– ืขืก! ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื’ืจืึทืคื™ืงืก, ืกื˜ื™ืงืขืจื– ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืžืึทืคึผืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขื ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜
โ€ข 40 ืื™ื™ื–ื‘ืจืขืึทืงืขืจืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืœื™ื™ื ืข ื’ืจื•ืคึผืขืก (ื’ืจืึทื”ืึทื ื ืึธืงืก)
โ€ข ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ ืกืึธืœื•ื•ืข ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืกื˜ื™ืงืขืจื–
โ€ข ื•ื•ื™ืกื•ืึทืœ ื”ืขืจื•ืช. ืึทืŸ ืื™ืœื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืขืจ ืฆื• ืกืงืขื˜ืฉื ืึธื˜ื™ื ื’

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’