ื•ื•ื™ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžื™ืกื˜ ืžืึทืš ืฆื• ืงื™ืคืจืืก?

ื•ื•ื™ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžื™ืกื˜ ืžืึทืš ืฆื• ืงื™ืคืจืืก?

ืึธืคึผืœื™ื™ืงืขื ื•ื ื’: ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืœืึทื ื’ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ืง ืขืก ืื™ืฆื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืื™ืš ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜. ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ืขื ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜, 2 ืžืขืจ ืขื ืœืขืš ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก: ื“ืขื ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ะธ ื“ืขื ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ. ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืจื™ืคึผื™ืฅ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื–ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืš ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ื“ื™ืกืงืจื™ื™ื‘ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื–ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’, ืื™ืš ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืฆื• ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืขืก ืึทื ื˜ืฉื™ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉื“.

ื™ืึธ, ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืึธืจ ืžืึธื“ืขืœ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืกืงืจื™ื™ื‘ื“ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืœืขืคื™ืขืจืขืš ืœืึทื ื’ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง, ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ื™ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืืจืขื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืึธืจ ืžืึธื“ืขืœ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ. ืึทื–ื•ื™, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก, ืคึผืจื™ืคึผืขืจื™ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืš, ืžืึธื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืจืขืกืกื™ืึธื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธ.

ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ

ืึทื–ื•ื™, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืฆื• ืึท ืึธืจื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืึธืœืงืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ื•ืจื™ืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืึธืœืงืก ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื“ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขืจื’ื™ื™ื•ื ื’ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜? ืึทืงื˜ื•ืึทืœืœื™, ืึท ืงืึธืžื‘ื™ื ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืชืื•ื•ืช, ืึทืคึผืขืจื˜ื•ื ืึทื˜ื™ื–, ื‘ืื“ืขืจืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืื ื“ืŸ. ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืชืื•ื•ืช - ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ ื’ืขื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื•ื•ืื•ื™ื ืขืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ื‘ื™ื™ื ื•ื•ืึทืจืขืžืขืŸ ื™ื, ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืคึผืึทืœืžืขื‘ื™ื™ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื–ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืขืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื˜ืข ื“ืขื›ืขืจ. ืคื•ื ืง ื˜ ื‘ืืœ ื“ ืคื ืจ ื“ ื™ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืขื  ืข ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื ื’ืข ืŸ ื”ืื‘ ืŸ ืื™ ืš ืื• ืŸ ืžืฒ ืŸ ืคืจื• ื™ ื’ืขื˜ืจืืค ืŸ ื“ ื™ ืืคืฆื™ืข ืœ ื–ื™ ืš ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื•ืคื™ืจ ืŸ ืงืฒ ืŸ ื‘ื•ืœื’ืืจื™ืข , ืื• ืŸ ืคื• ืŸ ื“ืืจ ื˜ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืŸ ืฐืฒ ื˜ ืคื ืจ ื“ืข ืจ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข ืจ ืคื™ืจืžืข , ืฐื ื• ืžื™ ืจ ื”ืื‘ ืŸ ื“ืขืžืืœ ื˜ ื’ืขืืจื‘ืข ื˜ . ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึทืŸ ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืขืจ, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืึธืจื˜. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืึทืคึผืขืจื˜ื•ื ืึทื˜ื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื: ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืจื•ื™ื“ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจ, ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ ืื™ื– ืึท ืงืึท ื™ื ื–ืฉืขื ื™ืจ. ืื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืื ื“ืŸ ื™ื ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื ื“ - ืฉื•ื•ืืจืฆืข ื“ื™ื ืกื˜ืื’ 2014 ื’ืขื˜ืจืืคืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ื‘ืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืืœื‘, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคืืจ ื ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข ืคื™ืจืžืข. ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึท ื‘ืฉืขืช, ื“ื™ ืงืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ - ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืืจืง ืจืขืงืึทืžืขื ื“ื™ื“ ืฆื• ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ืขื ืงื™ื ื“ 'ืก ืงืœื™ืžืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืกืงื•ื“ื ืข ืกื˜ ืคืขื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืจื’ ืงืœื™ืžืึทื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึทืจืขื ื™ื ืงืœื™ืžืึทื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืึธืจืŸ. ืคืืงื˜ื™ืฉ, ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขื ืคื•ื ื˜, ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืึทื ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืกืคึผืขืงื•ืœืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื–. ืื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืฆื• ืจื™ืจืŸ.

ื‘ืฉืขืช ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ื“ืขื, ืื™ืš ืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื“ื™ืงืœื™ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืึทืงืึทื ืกื™ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธื˜ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืžืึทืจืง ืกืึทืœืขืจื™ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืจืึทืคึผืึทื“ืœื™ ืžืึธื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจืึทื ื˜, ืœืขืฆื˜ื ืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ. ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืกืึธืฉื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ืกืขืฉืึทื ื–, ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ึท ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ืžืึทืกืกืึธืœ ื’ืขื›ืืคื˜ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’. ื‘ืึทื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืœื˜, ืขืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืงื•ืงืŸ ื’ื•ื˜. ื ืึธืš ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜, ืื™ืš ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ. ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืขืžืขื  ื–ื™ื› ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ. ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื ืขืžืขื  ื–ื™ื› ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขื ื’ืœื™ืฉ. ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜. ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ืกืงืึทืกื˜ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจื•ื™, ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืคืจืืก ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืขืจื“ื–ืฉื“ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื•ื•ืขื“ื–ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ. ื‘ืฉืขืช ืื™ืš ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ, ืื™ืš ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืกื™ืคึผืจื™ืึธื˜ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ืึทืงืึทื ืกื™ืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™. ืื™ืš ื”ืื‘ ืื”ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขื–ื•ืžืข. ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืœ. ื ืึธืš ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื•ื•ืึธื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืคึผืึธืจื˜ืึทืœืก โ€‹โ€‹ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ, ืื™ืš ื’ืึทื˜ ืฆื• ืœื™ื ืงืขื“ื™ืŸ. ืื• ืŸ ื“ืืจ ื˜ ื”ื ื‘ ืื™ ืš ืฐื™ื“ืข ืจ ื’ืขื˜ืจืืค ืŸ ืื™ ืŸ ืœื™ืžืืกืืœ . ืื™ืš ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืึท ืึธื ื–ืึธื’ ืื•ืŸ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคืืจืŸ. ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’, ืึท ืฉืขื” ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ, ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึท ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ืฉื™ืงืŸ ืึท ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ื ืขืžืขื  ื–ื™ื› ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืžืข 'ืก ืึทื“ืจืขืก. ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืจื™ืœืึธื•ืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ื•ื• ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฉืขืคื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืึทืคึผืคึผืœื™ืงืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืคืึธืจื ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฆื• ืคึผืœืึธืžื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืงืŸ ืึท ื™ื‘ืขืจืงื•ืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืก ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื™ื‘ืขืจืงื•ืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืึทืก. ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื, ืžื™ืจ ืžืกื›ื™ื ืฆื• ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึธื ืœื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืข ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืึธืš. ืื™ ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ืจ ืฆืฒ ื˜ ืื™ ื– ื’ืขืฐืข ืŸ ืื•ืžืงืœืืจ , ืฐื ืก ืคืืจ ืŸ ื—ื™ื” . ื•ื•ื™ ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ, ืฉื™ืงื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืจ ืฆืฒึทื˜ ืึท ื’ืึทื ื’ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืจืขื˜ืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืจืึทื’ืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึท ื”ืึทืœื‘ืข ืฉืขื” ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืžืขืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืฉื™ืงืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื ื˜ืคึฟืขืจืก. ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืข ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืœืึทื˜ื™ื“ ืฆื™ื™ื˜. ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ืึท ืกืงื™ืคึผืข ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื• ืื™ืŸ 2 ื•ื•ืึธื›ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคืืจืŸ ืขืก ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื• ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืฉ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืข ืคืจืื’ืขืก, ืืœื ืืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ืข ืคืจืื’ืขืก. ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืึทืžื™ื•ื ืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื’ืœื™ืฉ. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ื ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื’ื•ื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜, ืคึผืœื•ืก ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืคืจื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืึธื˜ืฉื˜ TED ื˜ืึทืœืงืก ืžื™ื˜ ืขื ื’ืœื™ืฉ ืกืึทื‘ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืึทืœื– ืฆื• ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืื•ื™ืขืจ. ืื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ ื™ืงืกื™ื“ื™ื“ ืึทืœืข ืขืงืกืคึผืขืงื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– - ื“ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืกืงื™ืคึผืข ืื™ื– ืขืงืœื“ื™ืง, ืคึผืœื•ืก ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื•ื–ืขืจ ื“ื™ืกืงืึทื•ื•ืขืจื“ ืึท ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื ืึทื ืกื™ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ (ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ). ื™ืึธ, ืขืก ืกืึธื•ื ื“ืก ืžืึธื“ื ืข, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืœืึทื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžืื›ื˜ ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืง ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ. ืฆื• ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื‘ืขืจืจืึทืฉืŸ, ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ืื™ืš ืจื™ืคึผื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืจื’ืข ืคืจืึทื–ืข, ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ืš ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ืคืœื™ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืงื™ืคืจืืก ืคึฟืึทืจ 2 ื˜ืขื’. ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืื™ืŸ 10 ื˜ืขื’. ืฆื•ืž ื’ืœื™ืง, ืฆื• ืคืœื™ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืงื™ืคืจืืก ืคื•ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“, ืื™ืจ ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืฆื•ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทื•ื•ื™ื–ืฉืึทื ื–, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื ืขืžื˜ 1-2 ื˜ืขื’. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš, ื•ื•ื™ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง, ื–ื™ื™ ืคึผืึธื•ืกื˜ืคึผืึธื•ื ื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ืขื’, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืื™ืš ื ืึธืš ืคืœื™ืขืŸ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ. ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ื•ื•ื™ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ืœื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœืข ืคื™ืจืžืขืก, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืžืข ื’ืขื˜ืจืึธื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื•. ื™ืขื ืข. ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืœ, ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืžืข ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื˜ื™ืงื™ืฅ, ื”ืึธื˜ืขืœ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึทืงืกื™. ืื™ืš ื ืึธืจ ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžื™ื˜ืึธื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ.

ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืื’ื˜, ืึทืœืฅ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ 2 ื˜ืขื’. ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ืš ืคืœื• ืฆื• ืงื™ืคืจืืก. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืขืจืึธืคึผืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืš ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืึทืงืกื™ ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืึธืคื™ืก. ื ืึธืš ืึท ืงื•ืจืฆืขืจ ื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ, ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืึธื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื•. ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื•ื–ืขืจื– ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื–ืื›ืŸ, ืžืขืจืกื˜ื ืก ื ื™ื˜-ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืฉ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืกืึธืœื•ื•ืข ืึท ืกืขืจื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืคึผืึทื–ืึทืœื–. ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื, ืื™ืš ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืึทืงืกื™ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื”ืึธื˜ืขืœ. ื“ืขื ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื˜ืื’ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื˜ืึทืงืกื™ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืึธืคื™ืก. ื“ืึธืก ืžืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึท ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืึท ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ืึทื ื“ืจื•ื™ื“ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืขื”, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคื™ืจืžืข ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทื‘ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ ื˜ืขืžืขืก. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื˜ืึทืงืกื™ ืฆื•ื ืึทืขืจืึธืคึผืึธืจื˜.

ื ื•ื•ืึธืš ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืกืงื™ืคึผืข ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื• ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ HR ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ืขืจ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ืคึผืึทืกื™ืจืŸ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืคืจืืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืœ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข - ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช. ืžื™ื˜ ื ื•ื•ืืš ืฉืคืขื˜ืขืจ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื– ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื‘ืืฉืœืืกืŸ ืฆื• ืžืื›ืŸ ืืŸ ืืคืฆื™ืข, ืื‘ืขืจ ื ืืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืืฉืœืืกืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ืื“ื™ื ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ื ืืš ื ื”ืืœื‘ืข ื•ื•ืืš ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื ืื›ืืžืืœ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื– ืืœืขืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ื’ื•ื˜, ืื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืงืขื ื˜ ืฉื™ืงืŸ ืืŸ ืืคืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ืืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ื’ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืžื™ื’ืจืืฆื™ืข ื“ื™ื ืกื˜. ื ืึธืš ื ืึธืš 2 ื•ื•ืึธื›ืŸ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืžื™ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ. ื“ื ืŸ ื”ื ื˜ ืžืข ืŸ ืื™ ื ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ . ืื™ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ, ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ 3 ื—ื“ืฉื™ื. ื“ื™ ื‘ืื“ื™ื ื’ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืื ืฅ ื’ื•ื˜: ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœื™ื›ืข ื’ืขืฆืึธืœื˜ ืคืืจืŸ ืฉืคื™ื˜ืืœ, ื“ื™ 13ื˜ืข ื’ืขืฆืึธืœื˜, ื ื‘ืึธื ื•ืก, ืคื•ืœืข ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ื ื™ืฉืข ืคืืจื–ื™ื›ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืคืืžื™ืœื™ืข, ืœืื ื˜ืฉืขืก, ื ืคืืจืงื™ื ื’ ืคืœืืฅ ื‘ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜, ื‘ื™ืœืขื˜ืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืคืืžื™ืœื™ืข, 2 ื•ื•ืื›ืŸ ื”ืื˜ืขืœ ืคืืจ ืžื™ืจ ืึธื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคึผืขืจื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื–ืื›ืŸ. ืžื™ืจ ื“ื™ืกืงืึทืกื˜ ืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื™ื ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคื•ื ื˜, ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืึทืกืข ื’ืขืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืขืคึผืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืš ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ.

ื•ื•ื™ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžื™ืกื˜ ืžืึทืš ืฆื• ืงื™ืคืจืืก?

ืคึผืจื™ืคึผืขืจื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ืจื™ืจืŸ

ื“ืืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื• ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืคืจืื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืกื“ืจ ืฆื• ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ืงื™ืคืจืืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง (ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืœืฉ) ืกื“ืจ, ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืžืข ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข ืคึผืขืจืžื™ื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข. ื“ืขืจืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืื™ืจ: ืึท ื“ื™ืคึผืœืึธื, ืึท ืกืขืจื˜ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืคึผืึธืกื˜ื™ืœืขื“ ืงืึธืคึผื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืคึผืœืึธื, ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ื˜ืขืกืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืœืข ืกืึธืจืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ื—ื•ืœืืชืŸ, ืคืœื•ืึธืจืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™, ืึท ืึทืคึผืึธืกื˜ื™ืœืขื“ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืกืขืจื˜ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ืงืึธืคึผื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืก. ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ื ืึทื˜ื™ืจืœืขืš ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’. ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืกืงืขืจื™ ื‘ื™ื™ึท ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืœื™ืง, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ึทื•ื•ืœ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขื˜ืึทื™ืœืก, ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™. ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืคืจื•ื™, ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื–ืึทืš, ืžื™ื ื•ืก ืึท ื“ื™ืคึผืœืึธื, ืคึผืœื•ืก ืึท ืึทืคึผืึธืกื˜ื™ืœืขื“ ื—ืชื•ื ื” ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ. ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืงื™ื ื“, ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื—ืชื•ื ื” ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ, ืึท ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืœื•ืึธืจืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™, ืึท ืžืึทื ื˜ืึธ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ.

ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืก ืงื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื˜ื™ื. ืืคึฟืฉืจ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืจืึทื˜ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ืึท ื‘ื™ื ื˜ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืขืจื•ื•ืขืก. ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ื“ื™ืคึผืœืึธื ื ืึธืจ ืฆื• ืงื•ืงืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขืก; ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืึทืคึผืึธืกื˜ื™ืœ ืขืก. ืื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืึธืคึผื™ืข ืขืก ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื’ื™ื™ื˜: ืžื™ืจ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืึท ื ืึธื˜ืึทืจื™ื–ืขื“ ืงืึธืคึผื™ืข, ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืคึผื™ืข, ื ืึธื˜ืึทืจื™ื–ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆืขืจ ืก ื›ืกื™ืžืข, ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทืคึผืึธืกื˜ื™ืœืœืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืก ืึทืœืข. ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ื“ืขืจ ืึทืคึผืึธืกื˜ื™ืœืœืข ืงื•ืžื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœืึทื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืคืจื™ืขืจื“ื™ืงืŸ ืจื™ื–ืึทืœื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคึผืขืงืœ.

ื‘ืœื•ื˜ ื˜ืขืกืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืคืœื•ืึธืจืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงืœื™ื ื™ืง ืึธื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืจืขื’ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ืฉืึทืŸ; ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ ืงืœื™ื ื™ืงืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง. ื›ื“ื™ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ืœื™ื™ื“ืขืŸ, ื”ืื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื ืฉืคื™ื˜ืืœ ื•ื•ืื• ืžืขืŸ ืงืขืŸ ื“ืืก ืฉื ืขืœ ืžืื›ืŸ ืคืืจ ื’ืขืœื˜. ื ืึธืš ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื˜ื™ืคื™ืงืึทืฅ, ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ืกื™ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆืขืจ ืกืขืจื˜ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ื ืึธื•ื˜ืขืจื™. ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืึท ืกืขืจื˜ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ืงืึธืคึผื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขื ืคึผืึทืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื ืึธื•ื˜ืขืจื™. ืžื™ืจ ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึท ืึทืคึผืึธืกื˜ื™ืœืœืข ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆื™ื™ึท ืจืขืฉื•ืก ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึทืคึผืึธืกื˜ื™ืœ, ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆืขืจ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื ืึธื•ื˜ืขืจื™. ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ื ื•ื•ืื•ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืขื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืจื’ ืงืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืื™ื™ืš ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืืŸ ืื ืฆื•ื”ืขืจืขื ื™ืฉ - ื˜ื• ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ื•ื ื™ืคื™ืขื“ ื“ืืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ. ื™ืึธ, ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ืœ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขืš, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฉื ืขืœ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜. ื™ืกืขื ืฉืึทืœื™, ืื™ืจ ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืคึผื™ื˜ืึธืœ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ื ื™ืฉ ืกืขืจื˜ื™ืคื™ืงืึทืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ืฅ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ECD. ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื“ื™ืคึผืœืึธื ืื™ืจ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืขืก ืึธืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’, ื ืึธืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’, ืคึผืขืจืกื ืึทืœื™ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืึท ื ืึธื•ื˜ืขืจื™ (ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ECD) ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืคืึธืจืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืคึผืึธืกื˜ื™ืœื™ื–ืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ.

ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขื“ื•ืจ ืื™ื– ืขื ืœืขืš. ื“ื™ ื—ืชื•ื ื” ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืื™ื– ืึทืคึผืึธืกื˜ื™ืœื“, ืึท ื ืึธื˜ืึทืจื™ื–ืขื“ ืงืึธืคึผื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜, ื“ื™ ืงืึธืคึผื™ืข ืื™ื– ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืกืขืจื˜ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ื ืึธื•ื˜ืขืจื™. ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืœื•ืึธืจืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืฉื•ื•ืึทื ื’ืขืจืฉืึทืคื˜.

ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืงื™ื ื“, ื“ื™ ื’ืขื‘ื•ืจื˜ ืกืขืจื˜ื™ืคื™ืงืึทื˜ ืื™ื– ืึทืคึผืึธืกื˜ื™ืœื“, ืึท ื ืึธื˜ืึทืจื™ื–ืขื“ ืงืึธืคึผื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜, ื“ื™ ืงืึธืคึผื™ืข ืื™ื– ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜, ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืกืขืจื˜ืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ื ืึธื•ื˜ืขืจื™. ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืคืœื•ืึธืจืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™, ืึท ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทื ื˜ื• ืื™ื– ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜. ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’, ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜.

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื’ืœื™ืฉ; ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื›ื™ืฉ.

ื ืึธืš ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื–ืืžืœื˜, ืื™ืš ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ื•ืจืš DHL ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืฆื• ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื’ืจืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ื ืกื˜. ืึทืžืึธืœ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืžืข ื‘ืืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ, ื–ื™ื™ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžื™ื’ืจืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก. ื˜ื›ื™ืœืขืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื–ืื’ื˜ ืึทื– ืขืก ื ืขืžื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 2 ื•ื•ืึธื›ืŸ. ื“ืืŸ ื”ืื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื– ืžืขืŸ ื“ืืจืฃ ื ืืš ื ืคืืคื™ืจ (ืฆื•ืž ื’ืœื™ืง ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ). ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืึท ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ืื•ืŸ ืขื ื“ืœืขืš ื”ืื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืจืฉื•ืช. ืึทืงื˜ื•ืึทืœืœื™, ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ืึท ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืึทื ื’ ืคึผืขืจืžื™ื˜. ื’ื™ืœื˜ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ 3 ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืคืจืืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ 3 ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก ืื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขืก.
ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืžื™ืจ ืžืกื›ื™ื ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืœื™ ื˜ืึธื’. ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ื•ื™, ื ืึธืš ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ 2 ื•ื•ืึธื›ืŸ, ืื™ืš ืคืœื• ืฆื• ืงื™ืคืจืืก. 6.5 ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืงืึธื ื˜ืึทืงื˜ ืฆื• ืึธืคึผืคืึธืจ.

ื•ื•ื™ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžื™ืกื˜ ืžืึทืš ืฆื• ืงื™ืคืจืืก?

ืจื™ืœืึธื•ืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ

ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ืื™ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืื›ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืืŸ. ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื–ืึทืš, ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื•ืกื™ื ื’, ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืžืข ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ 2 ื•ื•ืึธื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื”ืึธื˜ืขืœ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืึทืžื‘ื•ืฉ. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืึทื˜ืึทืกื˜ืจืึธืคื™ืงืึทืœืœื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืง ื”ืึธื•ืกื™ื ื’ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ (ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทื– ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ). ืงืึธืœืขื’ืขืก ืจืขืงืึทืžืขื ื“ื™ื“ ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื’ื ืก ืื’ืขื ื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงื•ืงืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš. ืคึผืœื•ืก ืื™ืš ืงืึธื ื˜ืึทืงื˜ืขื“ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ืกื™ื–. ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก 2 ื•ื•ืึธื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ, ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– 5 ืึทืคึผืึทืจื˜ืžืึทื ืฅ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืื ืฅ. ืื™ ืŸ ื“ืข ืจ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ื ื˜ ื”ื ื‘ ืื™ ืš ื’ืขืžื•ื– ื˜ ืื•ื™ืกืงืœื™ื™ื‘ ืŸ ื“ืข ื ื‘ืขืกื˜ืข ืŸ ืคื• ืŸ ื“ ื™ ืขืจื’ืกื˜ืข , ืื• ืŸ ืื•ื™ืค ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ ืŸ ื˜ื ื’ ืคื• ืŸ ื“ืข ื ื‘ืืฆืืœื˜ ืŸ ื”ืื˜ืขืœ , ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจ ืŸ ืžืฒื  ืข ื–ืื›ืŸ , ืื™ ืŸ ื“ ื™ ื ืฒ ืข ืฐืื•ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ .

ืื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื”ืึธื•ืกื™ื ื’ ืกืึทื’ืข ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืกื•ืฃ ื“ืึธ. ืจื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ืจื– ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืข, ื•ื•ืึทืกืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜. ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืข, ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืง ืื•ื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ืคืจืืก. ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื“ืจืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืœืึธื–ืŸ 350 ืขื•ืจืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืึทื•ื•ืขืงืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืœ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืฉืœื™ืกืŸ ืฆื• ื˜ืจืขื˜ืฉืขืจืึทืกืœื™ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ืงื™ืคืจืืก ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืจืขื›ืขื ื•ื ื’. ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึทืกืขืจ, ืžื™ืจ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืœื™ืžืึทืกืกืึธืœ ื•ื•ืึทืกืขืจ ื‘ืจืขื˜. ื“ืึธ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขื“ื•ืจ ืื™ื– ืจื™ืคึผื™ื˜ื™ื“, ื ืึธืจ ื–ื™ื™ ืึธืคึผืฆืึธืœ "ื‘ืœื•ื™ื–" 250 ืขื•ืจืึธืก. ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜, ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื ื˜ืคืœืขืงื˜. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืžืึธืœ ืื™ืš ื’ืขืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ืึท 4G ืžื™ื˜ืœ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ืฅ Wi-Fi. 20 ืžื‘ / s ืคึฟืึทืจ 30 ืขื•ืจืึธืก ืคึผืขืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ืืžืช, ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ 80 ื’ื™ื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ื–ื™ื™ ืฉื ื™ื™ึทื“ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜. ื™ืึธ, ืคื•ืŸ ืœื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ืึทื•ื•ืขืงืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ, 30 ืขื•ืจืึธืก. ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฉืžื•ืขืกืŸ, ืื™ืš ื’ืขืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ืึท ืคึผืจื™ืคึผื™ื™ื“ ืกื™ื ืงืึธืจื˜, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืื™ืš ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืฆื• ืึทืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึทืงื˜.

ืื•ื™ืš, ืื™ืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ, ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ื•ืขื ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืึท ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึทืงื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜.

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืขืกื˜ืขื“ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืœืข ืกืึธืจืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืกืงื•ื“ื ืข ื–ืื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืœื•ืึธืจืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™. ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื˜ืจื™ื•ื•ื™ืึทืœ. ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืจืขื’ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ืฉืึทืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึทืœืฅ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื›ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืคื™ืœ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ ืงืœื™ื ื™ืง. ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืึท ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ ืงืœื™ื ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื”ืื˜ ืึทืœืฅ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื“ืึธืจื˜ (ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืžืข ื‘ืื“ืขืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืก). ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืžื™ื™ื’ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื“ื™ื ืกื˜ ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ ืงืœื™ื ื™ืงืก. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืื™ืจ ื ืึธืš ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื’ืข ืงืœื™ื ื™ืง (ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜, ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืึธ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืงืœืึธื•ืกืึทืกื˜ ืึทื ืึทืœืึธื’) - ืึทืœื˜ ื”ืึธืกืคึผื™ื˜ืึทืœ. ื™ืึธ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคืืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืึท ืฉืคึผื™ื˜ืึธืœ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืœื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื’ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื˜ืจืึธื’ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื•ื˜ืคึผื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื˜ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทื ื“ืœื•ื ื’. ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ืึท ืกืคืขืฆื™ืขืœ ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื“ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืจืœืขืš ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ, ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืงื™ืขืจืึทื˜ืœื™ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืฆื•ื ื•ื™ืคืคืึทืœืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืกืฅ. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– 10 ืขื•ืจืึธืก, ืขืจ ืกื˜ืึทืžืคึผืก ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื™ื’ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื“ื™ื ืกื˜.

ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืขืคึฟืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื ืง ืืงืื•ื ื˜. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงืขืŸ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง, ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ืึท ื“ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ื”ืขืกืงืขื, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื’ืœื™ื™ืš. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืข 1-2 ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ืื™ืš ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฆืึธืœื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ ืงืึธืจื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืœืขื’ืข ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืฉืขืงืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืจ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืขืœื˜.

ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ื•ื™, ืขืก ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืึทื– ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื–ืื›ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ "ืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื™ืžืึทื’ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื“ื™ื ืกื˜" ืื™ื– ื’ืขืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜.

ื ืคึผืึธืจ ื•ื•ืึธื›ืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ, ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื“ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ E&Y ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืžื™ื’ืจืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ื“ื™ื ืกื˜. ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื, ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืœื“, ื“ื™ ืžื™ื™ื’ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื“ื™ื ืกื˜ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึท ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ ARC (Alien Registration Certificate). ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื, ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™, ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ืคืึธื˜ืึธ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ื ื’ื’ืขืจืคึผืจื™ื ืฅ. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš, ื ืึธืš ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธื›ืŸ, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืœืขืกืึธืฃ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธืœืฅ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ื•ื™ื ืึธืจื˜ ืคึผืขืจืžื™ื˜, ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืืงืื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท "ืจืึธื–ืขื•ื•ืข ืฆืขื˜ืœ." ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืคืจืืก. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ืึทื˜ื™ืจืœืขืš ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉ. ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื™ืึธืจ, ื“ื™ ืกืึทื‘ืกืึทืงื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ ืึธื ืขืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืคึฟืึทืจ 2.

ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœืขืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ื“ืขื, ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืึทืœืขืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื–ืื›ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคึผืึธืจื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš, ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืจ, ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืคื™ืจืžืข ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืคืจืืก. ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคึผืึธืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ื˜ื™ื ื’ื– ืื™ื– ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืึท ื˜ื™ื“ื™ืึทืก ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜-ืงืึทื ืกื•ืžื™ื ื’ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜. ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืขืก ืึทืœืข ื“ืขืคึผืขื ื“ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืคื™ืจืžืข. ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคืึทืœ, ืžื™ืจ ืคึผืึทืงื˜ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ื‘ืึธืงืกืขืก ื–ื™ืš ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื™ื ื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ืึธืจื™ืขืก. ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 3-4 ืงื•ื‘ื™ืง ืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ 380 ืงื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืื›ืŸ. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื• ืฆื• ื˜ืฉืขืžืึธื“ืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜ ื‘ืึทื’ืึทื–ืฉ. ืฆื• ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืืœืข ื–ืื›ืŸ ืงื•ืžื˜ ื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจืื ืกืคืืจื˜ ืคื™ืจืžืข ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืงื˜, ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข, ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ืืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคืืจื‘ืื˜ืŸ ืคืืจ ื˜ืจืื ืกืคืืจื˜ืืฆื™ืข. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื“ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื“ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื˜ืขืจื™ื–, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคึผืœืึทื ื ืขื“ ืฆื• ืฉื™ืงืŸ ื–ืื›ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคืœืึทืš. ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ื˜ืึธื’, ื“ื™ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืคื™ืจืžืข ืคึผื™ืงืก ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื–ืื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืกืขื ื“ื– ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื“ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืœืึทื ื“. ืื™ืŸ ืกื“ืจ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื–ืื›ืŸ, ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ื ื˜ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืข ื–ืื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคึผืึธืจื˜ืึทื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’-ื˜ืขืจืžื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื•ื™ื ืึธืจื˜. ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงืขื“ื™ื™ึทื™ืง ืฆื• ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ. ืฆื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืืจืฃ ืื™ืŸ 2 ืงืึทื˜ืขื’ืึธืจื™ืขืก: ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึธืคึผืคืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึธื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ. ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืฆื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืงืึทื˜ืขื’ืึธืจื™ืข: ืึธืคึผืžืึทืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืึทืจืงื•ื™ืฃ / ื“ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื’ื ืก ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“ (ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ืŸ), ืจื™ืกื™ืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื–, ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ ืงืึทื ืคืขืจืžื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืงืœืึธื•ื–ืฉืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื ืง ืืงืื•ื ื˜, ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ ืงืึทื ืคืขืจืžื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžืคึผืœื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืœืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ. ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข ืงืึทื˜ืขื’ืึธืจื™ืข: ื”ืขืกืงืขื ืื•ื™ืฃ ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ / ื“ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื’ื ืก, ืฆืึธืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื–, ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืœืข, ื‘ืึทืฉืขืคื˜ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึทืงื˜. ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš, ืื™ืจ ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ื‘ืจืขืงืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื“ื™ื–ื™ื™ืจืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืฆื• ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ึท ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืขืจ 2 ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืงืึทื˜ืขื’ืึธืจื™ืข. ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ืึธืคึผืฉื™ืงืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื•ื™, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ืฆื•ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจ, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธืงืึทื˜ ื”ืขืกืงืขื ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืคืจืืก ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืึทืกืขืจ/ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืกื™ื˜ื™ ืจืขื›ืขื ื•ื ื’ (ื ื•ื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืจืขื›ืขื ื•ื ื’). ื“ื ื ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ื ื˜ ื”ื ื˜ ืžืข ืŸ ื‘ ืฒ ื“ ื™ ืžื™ื ื”ื’ื™ื , ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ , ืื™ ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืข ืขืจืœืขื› ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ , ืื•ื™ ืฃ ื ืงืœืฒ ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ , ื ืฉืฐืื ื’ืขืจ ืข ืฐืฒื‘ , ืื• ืŸ ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ ืŸ ืžื™ ื˜ ื“ืข ืจ ื”ืื ื˜ . ื ืึธืš ืžื™ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืจืขืฉื•ืก, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืึธืš, ื–ืื›ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืึทื“ืจืขืก. ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜, ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ื™ื ื’ื– ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึท ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืงืงืึทื’ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ืคึผืึทืงื™ื ื’.

ื‘ืฉืขืช ื“ื™ ื–ืื›ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ืงื™ืคืจืืก, ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ืื•ื™ืš ืคืœื• ืึทื”ืขืจ. ื–ื™ื™ ืื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืจืขื’ื•ืœืขืจ ื˜ื•ืจื™ืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื–ืข (ืคึผืจืึธ-ื•ื•ื™ื–ืข), ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ื‘ืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืคืจืืก ืคึฟืึทืจ 3 ื—ื“ืฉื™ื. ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 3 ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ื“ื™ ืžื™ื™ื’ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื“ื™ื ืกื˜ ืœืขืกืึธืฃ ืืจื•ื™ืก ื–ื™ื™ ืึท ื•ื•ื•ื™ื ืึธืจื˜ ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ. ืขืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขื“ื•ื™ืขืจื˜ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืœืึทื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทื˜ืจืึธืŸ (ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ, ืžื™ืจ) ืื™ื– ื’ืขืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžืฉืคึผื—ื”, ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืฆื• ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื˜ืขืกืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืคืœื•ืึธืจืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ (ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžืึทื ื˜ื• ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ). ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ืื™ื– ืคืืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื‘ืืคืจื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฆื•ืœื™ื‘ ืฉื•ื•ืื ื’ืขืจืŸ.

ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 9 ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.

ื•ื•ื™ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžื™ืกื˜ ืžืึทืš ืฆื• ืงื™ืคืจืืก?

ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืคืจืืก

ืžื™ืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื›ึผืžืขื˜ 3 ื™ืืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึทืงื™ื•ืžื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืจืขืกืกื™ืึธื ืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ.

ืงืœื™ืžืึทื˜

ืื™ืš ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ืจื™ืกื˜ ื•ื•ืืก ื”ืื˜ ื‘ืื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืงื™ืคืจืืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื’ืข ืงืœื™ืžืึทื˜. 300 ื–ื•ื ื™ืง ื˜ืขื’ ืึท ื™ืึธืจ, ื–ื•ืžืขืจ ืึทืœืข ื™ืึธืจ ืืจื•ื, ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ื˜ื•ืจื™ื–ื ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืขืžื™ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืขืžื™ื’ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜, ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืจืึธื–ืขื•ื•ืข, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ, ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืœ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคื™ืœ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืกื˜ ืคืขื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืจื’. ืึทื–ื•ื™, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื›ืึทืคึผืŸ? ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’. ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ, ืขืก ืคื™ืœื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ืžืึทืจืฅ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืžืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืงืœื™ื™ืžื– ืื™ื‘ืขืจ +20. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผ, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืขืคืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ื™ืžืขืจื™ื™ึท ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ (ื˜ืขืกื˜ืขื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ืš). ืื™ืŸ ืืคืจื™ืœ, ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืžืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืึทืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืฉื™ื– ืฆื• +25 ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ื™ืžืขืจื™ื™ึท ืกืขื–ืึธืŸ ื“ืึทืจืฃ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืคึผืขื ืขื“. ืื™ืŸ ืžืื™, ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืžืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ 30 ื“ื™ื’ืจื™ื–. ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืึท ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขื ืขื ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ื”ื™ื™ืก, ืึทืœืฅ ื‘ืœื•ืžื™ื ื’. ื“ืขืจื ืืš ืงื•ืžื˜ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ. ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืžืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื™ ืื™ื– ืื™ื‘ืขืจ 30, ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืœื™ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ื•ืกื˜ ืื™ื– ืึธืคื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ 35. ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืึธืŸ ืœื•ืคื˜ืงื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึท ืคืึธื›ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคึผืจื™ืงืจืข. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืฉืœืึธืคืŸ. ืึท ื”ืึทืœื‘ ืฉืขื” ืึทืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ืึธื’ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ ืึธืŸ ืกืึทื ืกืงืจื™ืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื•ื ืขื ื‘ืจืขืŸ, ืืคื™ืœื• ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื’ื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ื‘ืขื–ืฉ. ื˜ืจื•ืงืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื™ื‘ื™ืง. ืื™ืš ื’ืขื“ืขื ืง ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืจืขื’ืŸ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ. ืื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึทืกืขืจ ืื™ื– ื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜, 28-30 ื“ื™ื’ืจื™ื–. ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ื’ื•ืกื˜, ืงื™ืคืจืืก ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ืึทืงืœื™ ื“ื™ืขืก ืื•ื™ืก - ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืกื™ืคึผืจื™ืึธืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆืขื•ื•ืึธืจืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืงืฆื™ืขืก. ืคื™ืœืข ืงืึทืคืขืก, ืคืึทืจืžืึทืกื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืึทืคึผืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจืžืึทื›ื˜. ื”ืึทืจื‘ืกื˜ ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ. ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืžืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืกืขืคื˜ืขืžื‘ืขืจ ืกืœืึธื•ืœื™ ืกืœื™ื™ื“ื– ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ 35. ืื™ืŸ ืืงื˜ืื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื–ื•ืžืขืจ, ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืžืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ื– ื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• 25, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ืึธืœ ื ืึธืš ืฉื•ื•ื™ืžืขืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื ืื•ื•ืขืžื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ "ืงื™ืœืขืจ", ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืžืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ 25. ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’, ืฉื•ื•ื™ืžืขืจื™ื™ึท ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืึธื ื’ืขื ืขื, ื™ื•ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ ืื™ืŸ ื ืื•ื•ืขืžื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื ืึธืจ ืคืึทืจืžืึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขื–ืึธืŸ. ืจืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืื™ืŸ ืืงื˜ืื‘ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื ืื•ื•ืขืžื‘ืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื’ื•ื˜ ื“ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืœืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืœื™ื ื’. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึทืŸ ืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืึทืจืขื, ื™ื•ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ 15-18 ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธื’. ืขืก ืจืขื’ื ื˜ ืึธืคื˜. ืื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื ื•ืึทื ืก - ืกื™ืคึผืจื™ืึธื˜ ื”ื™ื™ื–ืขืจ, ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืึทืœื˜ ืึธื ืขืก, ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืึธื ืฆื•ื”ืขืจืขื ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžืึทืœ ื™ื ืกืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ึท ืึทืœืข. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืžืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื•ื•ื™ ืึทืจื•ื™ืก. ื™ืขื ืข. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื”ื™ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– +16 ืึทืจื•ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืŸ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื•ื ื“ืขืจืœืขืš. ืื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– +16 ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื•ื ื’, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืขืงืœื“ื™ืง. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ืึธืจืคืŸ ืฆื• ื”ื™ืฅ - ืึทืœืฅ ื‘ืœืึธื•ื– ืื•ื™ืก ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ืงืขืฃ. ืื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ื ืึธืš ื›ืึทืคึผืึทื ื–, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ, ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืข ื‘ื™ืœืœืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคื™ืœ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ, ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง-ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜. ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื”ื™ืฅ-ืœืึทื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืคึผืจื™ืึธื˜ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ 2 ืขื•ืจืึธืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืข ืื™ืŸ 400 ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ. ืื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผ, ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืกืึทืœื•ื•ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืจืขื›ื˜ ื™ื ืกืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื”ื•ื™ื–. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืขืจื’ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ ืึธื ืขืก - ืื™ืจ ื ืึธืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืงืจื™ื›ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืก, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืฆืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ื“ื™ืฉืึทื ืขืจ ืึท ื’ืื ืฆืข ื˜ืึธื’ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืคืึทืจื’ืขื ื™ื’ืŸ.

ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืก ื“ืึธ, ื ืึธืš ืึทืœืข, ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืคืขืœืงืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึท ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ืงืœื™ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ IT ื•ื•ืึทืงืึทื ืกื™ืขืก. ืืžืช, ื”ืึทืœื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึธืจืขืงืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ืขื ืœืขืš ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทื ื™ืขืก. ื–ื™ื™ ืึธืคื˜ ืคืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืกืึทืœืขืจื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื ืขืคื™ืฅ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืจืง ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’ ืคืึทืจืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืืจื•ื™ืคืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืขืžืคึผืœื•ื™ื™ื–. ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทื ื™ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืึทืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึท ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื–ืข ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคึผืึธืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึทืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืงืึทืจื™ืขืจืข ืคึผืœืึทื ื– ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึท ืคืึทืจืœืึทื ื’ ืฆื• ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทื ื™ืขืก ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืฆื• ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข, ืงื™ืคืจืืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืึธืจื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื.

ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’, ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืึธืคื˜ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื‘ืื•ื•ืขื’ื˜ ื”ื™ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทื ื™ืขืก. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืคืึทืจืœืึทื ื’ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืžืึทื ื“ืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ืงื™ืคืจืืก ื•ื•ื™ ืึทื–ืึท, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ. ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ื“ืขืจืžืื ื˜ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ื–ืึทื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืžืข. ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืึทื– ื–ื™ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคึผืขืงืœ, ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืขืก ืฆื• ืื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึทืจื•ื ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจืึทืฆื™ืข. ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืจืขืงืึธืžืขื ื“ื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’. ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืจืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขืš. ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืกืืฆื™ืืœ ืคืึทืจื–ื™ื›ืขืจื•ื ื’, ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 10%. ืืžืช, ืื™ืš ื ืึธืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึธื ื•ืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืขื ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืคืจื™ื™ึทื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ 20% ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึทื›ื ืึธืกืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืฉื˜ื™ื™ึทืขืจ.

ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš

ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผ, ืขื ื’ืœื™ืฉ ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื ื•ื’. ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืš ื‘ืื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขืจืื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข. ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืก ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ืื™ืš ืžื™ืกื˜ืึธืžืข ื‘ืื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืก ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืืก ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื’ืจื™ื›ื™ืฉ. ืžื™ื ืขืจื•ื•ืขืจื˜ื™ืง ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืงืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืจืขื’ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื™ื™ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ืกื™ื–. ื“ืึธืจื˜, ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ื™ื ืกืงืจื™ืคึผืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื›ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืขื ื’ืœื™ืฉ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื•ืคึผืœื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืžืคึผืœื•ื™ื™ื– ืจืขื“ืŸ ืขื ื’ืœื™ืฉ, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื’ื™ื›ืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ื•ื•ื• ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ. ืžืืœ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืคึผืœืึธืžื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืคึผื™ื™ืคึผืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืง ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื›ื™ืฉ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ืฆื• ื”ืขืœืคืŸ.

ื”ืึธื•ืกื™ื ื’

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ืœืขืฆื˜ื ืก ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืง. ืœืืžื™ืจ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงืŸ ืื– ืžืขืŸ ื“ืืจืฃ ื–ื™ืš ืงื•ื“ื ืฆื•ื’ืขื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืืงื˜ ืื– ื“ื™ืจื•ืช/ื”ื™ื™ื–ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขืžืืกื˜ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆืืœ ืฆื™ืžืขืจืŸ, ื ืืจ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฆืืœ ื‘ืขื“ืจื•ืžื–. ื™ืขื ืข. ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืขืœื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื”ืื˜ ืึท ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืง ืฆื™ืžืขืจ-ืงื™ืš-ืขืกืฆื™ืžืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืžืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืื™ื– ื‘ืขื“ืจื•ืžื–. ืคึผืœื•ืก ืึท ื‘ืึทืœืงืึธืŸ / ื˜ืขืจืึทืกืข. ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผืก ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื•ืกื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืš ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ืคื•ืŸ: ื“ื™ื˜ืึทื˜ืฉื˜ ื”ื•ื™ื– (ื“ื™ื˜ืึทื˜ืฉื˜ ื”ื•ื™ื–), ื”ืึทืœื‘ ืึท ื”ื•ื™ื– (ื”ืึทืœื‘ ื“ื™ื˜ืึทื˜ืฉื˜ ื”ื•ื™ื–), ืžืึทื™ืกืึธื ืขื˜ื˜ืข (ืžืึทื™ืกืึธื ืขื˜ื˜ืข, ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื”ื•ื™ื–, ื‘ืœืึธืง ื”ื•ื™ื–, ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ื”ื•ื™ื–), ื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื•ื ื’ (ื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื•ื ื’). ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื•ืžื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš ื–ืึทืš: ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืœืึธืจื– ื“ืึธ ืกื˜ืึทืจืฅ ืคื•ืŸ 0 (ืขืจื“ ืฉื˜ืึธืง), ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ 1 ืฉื˜ืึธืง ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข. ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ืคึผืจืึธืงืึทื˜. ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ืœ ืื™ืฆื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’, ืกื˜ืึทืจืฅ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืึทืจื•ื 600 ืขื•ืจืึธืก. ืขืคึผืขืก ืœื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืฉ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• 1000. 3 ื™ืืจ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 2 ืžืืœ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืงืกืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื“ื™ืกืึทื ื˜ืœื™, ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ืงืจื™ืกื˜. ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจืš ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื’ื ืก ื™ื™ื“ื–ืฉืึทื ืกื™ื– ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืึทื ืึทืœืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ Avito - bazaraki.com. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืžืึทื–ืœื“ื™ืง ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื•ื ื’, ืึท ื”ืขืกืงืขื ืื™ื– ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ ืกื•ืžืข ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ 5000 ืคึผืขืจ ื™ืึธืจ, ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ืึธืš ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜. ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื•ื›ืชืจื™ื•ืก (ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืžืื“ื ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืืก ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืจืขืคื˜ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืœื™ื™ืš) ืื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืขืจ ืืคื™ืก, ืื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ืื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืžืข ื”ืื˜ ื“ืืก ื’ืขื˜ื•ืŸ ืคืืจ ืžื™ืจ ืืœืก ื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืืจื™ื™ื ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื™ืžืึทื’ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื“ื™ื ืกื˜. ื“ืขืจ ืึธืคึผืžืึทืš ืื™ื– ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืึธืคื˜ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื™ืึธืจ. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืึทื ืงืœื•ื“ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึทืงื˜, ืึท ืึทื•ื•ืขืงืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืื™ื– ืœื™ื ืงืก, ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืึธืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื™ื“ืขืฉืœืขืš ืคึผืจืึธืงืึทื˜ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื–. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ืœืึธืงืึทื˜ืึธืจ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืคืจื™, ื“ื™ ืึทื•ื•ืขืงืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ึท ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก (ื‘ืึทืœืขื‘ืึธืก).

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœืŸ ื•ืคืžืขืจืงื–ืึทืžืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืจืขื ื˜ื™ื ื’.

  • ืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื–. ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืึท ืฉื•ืœืข ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ื–, ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธืจื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ื“ื–ืฉืึทืžื–, ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธื’ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจืึทื•ื“ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ. ืึธื“ืขืจ ืงื™ืจืš, ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื’ืขืจืึทื ื˜ื™ื“ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ืงืึทื ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืจื™ื ื’ื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืœื– ื‘ื™ื™ึท 6:XNUMX. ื”ื™ื™ื–ืขืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ื”ื•ืžื™ื“ื™ื˜ื™, ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ื™ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื•ื•ืืš ื”ืื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืืกืคืืจื˜, ื•ื•ืืก ืื™ื– ืื•ืžื’ืขืœืื–ื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืœื™ื‘ืขืŸ, ื’ืขืคืจื•ืื•ื•ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื•ืงืจื™ื™ืฆืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืจืขืจ. ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืงืึทื ืกืึทื ื˜ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทืกืงื™ื˜ืึธื•ื–. ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ืกื ื–ื™ื™, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืคึฟืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืคึผื ื™ื ื“ืจื•ื, ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืคื•ืŸ, ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึทืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ. ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ืึท ืคึฟืขื ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืžืึธืœ: ืžืขืจื‘ ืื•ืŸ ืžื–ืจื—.
  • ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ื”ื™ื™ื–ืขืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ืงื•ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื•ื  - ื•ื•ืึทืกืขืจ ื‘ืึทื”ื™ืฆื•ื ื’. ื“ื™ ื–ืึทืš ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ื•ืฆื™ืง. ืื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืึท ื ื•ืึทื ืก ื“ืึธ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื– ื”ืื˜ 5-6 ืคืœืึธืจื–, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ, ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืกื“ืจ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืจืขื ื•ื•ืึทืกืขืจ, ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืจื™ื™ื–ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื“ืึทืš. ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืžืึธืœ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืึธืจืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง. ืžื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึทืŸ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทื ื˜ืึทื ื™ืึทืก ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืง ื•ื•ืึทืกืขืจ ื›ื™ื˜ืขืจ.
  • ื“ืขืจ ื”ืจื•ื‘ืข ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืง ืึธื“ืขืจ ื’ืึทื–. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืจื•ื‘ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืึทื–, ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ืกื™ืœื™ื ื“ืขืจืก, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืคื˜ ื’ืึทื– ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืคืจืืก. ืกื™ืœื™ื ื“ืขืจืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืกื•ืคึผืขืจืžืึทืจืงื™ืฅ.
  • ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืกืึธืฃ, ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’, ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ื”ืึธื•ืกื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืคืจืืก ืื™ื– ืœื™ืงืก. ืžื™ ืจ ื–ืฒื ืข ืŸ ืคืืจืคืœืฒืฆ ื˜ ื’ืขืฐืืจ ืŸ ืื™ ืŸ ื‘ืฒื“ ืข ื’ืขื“ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ . ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืืงืœืื’ื˜ ืฆื• ืืœืขืžืขืŸ. ืขืก ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืคึผืจื™ืึธื˜ ืคึผืœืึทืžืขืจื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืจืึธื•ื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึธืจื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื•. ื“ื™ ืจื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ืกืึทืงื•ื•ืขื ืกืึทื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื•ื•ืขืงื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ, ืฉื•ื•ืึทืจืฅ ืคื•ืจืขื ืงืขืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผ, ืขืก ื˜ืขื ื“ื– ืฆื• ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ื™ึทื›ื˜ ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื•ื ื’. ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขืŸ ืคื•ืจืขื ืึธื“ืขืจ ืกื˜ืึทื™ื ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ / ืกื•ืคื™ื˜, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ืจื™ื–ื™ืงื™ืจืŸ ืขืก.

ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึท ื”ื™ื™ื, ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืจืึธื–ืขื•ื•ืข. ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ืœ ืื™ื– ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ืœื™ ื’ืจืึธื•ื™ื ื’. ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืžืึทืจืง, ื”ืึทืœื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืจืœ ืคืขืœืŸ ื˜ื™ื˜ืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื. ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื”ื•ื™ื– ืื™ื– ืึท ื‘ื™ื•ืจืึทืงืจืึทื˜ื™ืง ื›ืึทืกืึทืœ. ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื‘ื•ื“ื–ืฉืขื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื™ื ื’ ืขืก. ื”ื™ืคึผืึธื˜ืขืง ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืก ืจืึทื˜ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืง, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืžืกืชึผืžื ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืขืก ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืœื™ื™ื›ื˜.

ื•ื•ื™ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžื™ืกื˜ ืžืึทืš ืฆื• ืงื™ืคืจืืก?

ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืคืจืืก. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื•ื™ื˜ืึธื‘ื•ืก ืจื•ืฅ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืœืืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื’. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืกื™ื˜ื™ ื‘ื•ืกืขืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜. ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื• ื“ื™ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืขื ื“ืก. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืขืคึผืขืก ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ื‘ื•ืกืขืก (ืึทืจื•ืžืคืึธืจืŸ ืขืงืกืคึผืจืขืกืก). ืื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืคืึธืจ. ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืจื•ืคืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืกื“ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืึธืจื˜ ืฆื• ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืึธืจื˜. ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ื–ื™ื™ ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ืึท ื’ืึธืจ ืึทืจื‘ื™ื˜ืจืึทืจื™ืฉ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ. ืžืขืจืกื˜ื ืก ื‘ืึทืงื•ื•ืขื ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืึทืขืจืึธืคึผืึธืจื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜. ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœืข ื‘ื•ืกืขืก ืื•ื™ืš ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืึทืขืจืึธืคึผืึธืจื˜, ื‘ืขืขืจืขืš ืึทืžืึธืœ ืึท ืฉืขื”, ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืึธืคื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ึท ื ืึทื›ื˜.

ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืึท ื˜ืึทืงืกื™, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื˜ื™ื™ึทืขืจ. ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืœืขืš, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึทืงืกื™ ืฉืึธืคืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฉื™ืงืŸ ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืจื˜. ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ื˜ ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืžืึธืœ. ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืžืึธืœ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืึทืขืจืึธืคึผืึธืจื˜. ื– ืฒ ื”ืื‘ ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ ื– ื’ืขืฐืืจื ื˜ , ื ื– ืžื™ ืจ ื–ืฒื ืข ืŸ ืฆืฐ ืฒ ื“ืขืจืฐืืงืกืขื  ืข 2 ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ , ืฐื ืก ื“ืืจืค ืŸ ืื•ื™ื˜ืึพื–ื™ืฆืขืจ , 2 ื’ืจื•ื™ื ืข ื˜ืฉืขืžื ืŸ ืื• ืŸ ื ืฐืื’ืืŸ . ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึทืงืกื™ ืฉืึธืคืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ึทื ื“ ืฆื• ืงื•ืžืขืŸ, ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืœืึธื–ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข. ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜, ื“ืขื ืคืจื™ื™ึทื ื“ ืกื˜ืึทืคื˜ ืึทืœืข ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื’ืึทื–ืฉ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืœืึทื ื’ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ืžืขืจืกืขื“ืขืก. ืื• ืŸ ืข ืจ ืื™ ื– ื’ืขืคืืจ ืŸ ืžื™ ื˜ ืืคืขื ืข ื ืฉื˜ืื , ืฆื•ื’ืขื‘ื•ื ื“ ืŸ ืžื™ ื˜ ื ืฉื˜ืจื™ืง . ื“ืืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ืžืืœ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืคืืจืŸ ืคื•ื ืขื ืœื•ืคื˜ืคืขืœื“. ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึทืงืกื™ ืฉืึธืคืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ึทื’ืŸ. ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืจื•ืคืŸ. ืื•ื™ ืฃ ืฐืขืœื› ืŸ ืžื™ ืจ ื”ืื‘ ืŸ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืข ืŸ ื ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆืฒื›ื ื˜ืข ืจ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ , ื ื– ืข ืจ ืฐืืœ ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืข ืŸ ืืฐืขืง . ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจ ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื™ึท ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืขืจ 40 ืžื™ื ื•ื˜.

ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึทื ืึทืœืึธื’ื•ืขืก ื“ืึธ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื˜ืึทืงืกื™ ื“ืจื™ื•ื•ืขืจืก ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืคืึทืจืžืขืกื˜. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’. ืื™ืš ืจืขื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืื™ื– ืขื ืœืขืš. ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืึท ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ืœ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืึทืจืึธืคืึทื ื’.

ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜, ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทืจื•ื ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’, ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ืš-ืจื™ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืคึผืจื™ืึธื˜ ื”ืื˜ ืขืก. ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ื™ืฉื˜, ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ืึท ืžืึธื˜ืึธืฆื™ืงืœ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžืึธื•ืคึผื˜. ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจ ืึท ื‘ื™ื™ืง ื“ืึธ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืžืฉื•ื’ืข. ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ืกืคึผืจืขื“ ืžืึธื˜ืึธืจื™ื–ืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ, ืกื™ืคึผืจื™ืึธืฅ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืžื™ื“ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื•ื, ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ื’ืึทืก ืฆื• ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ื’ืจืึธืกืขืจื™ืขืก. ืื•ื™ืš, ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’, ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืคึผืึทืจืง ืคึผื•ื ืงื˜ ื•ื•ื• ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ, ืึทืคึฟื™ืœื• ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ื‘ืจื™ื™ืงืก ื“ื™ ื›ึผืœืœื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทื“ืขืจื– ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ. ื™ื•ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ ืกื™ื™ื“ื•ื•ืึธืงืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึผืึทืจืงื™ื ื’, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ืจื™ืจืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื•ืžืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืกื˜ืจืึธื•ืœืขืจ. ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทื“ืขืกื˜ืจื™ืึทื ื– ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืึธื ื™ืง, ืกื™ืคึผืจื™ืึธืฅ ืคืึทื‘ืจื™ืง ืกื™ื™ื“ื•ื•ืึธืงืก ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื• ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืขื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืงืึทืจืก.

ื‘ื™ื™ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืจื™ื ื’ ื“ืึธ. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ืคืขืจืœื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ื•ื•ื• ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ืขืก ืึธืคืคืœื™ื ืข. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคึผืขืจื˜ืฉืึทืกื™ื ื’, ืึท ื ื™ื™ึท ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ืื™ื– ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืก ืื™ืŸ 5 ืžื™ื ื•ื˜. ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ืขื, ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืคืึทืจื–ื™ื›ืขืจื•ื ื’ (ืึทื ืึทืœืึธื’ ืฆื• OSAGO). ืขืก ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜. ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื’ืข ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ืœื™ื™ืกืึทื ืกื™ื–. ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื–ื™ื›ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืึทืจื•ื 200-400 ืขื•ืจืึธืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื™ืึธืจ, ื“ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื–ื™ื›ืขืจื•ื ื’ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜, ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืคืจืืก. ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื”ื™ื’ืข ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ ืึธื ืขืก. ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืึทืžืœืขืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ื ื˜ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจ, ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจืคื™ืจืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’, ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœืŸ 40 ืขื•ืจืึธืก ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš 2 ื•ื•ืึธื›ืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ืกื™ืคึผืจื™ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉ. ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืขืฉืึธืœืขื ืคืึธืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื–ืขืงืก ื—ื“ืฉื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืึธืจื™ืข ื–ื™ื™ ืงืขืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ืœื“.

ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืื™ื– ืคื™ืœ ืžืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขื ืขื ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“. ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื›ึผืœืœื™ื ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ืื›ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื•ื, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืกื“ืจ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ. ืึท ืžื™ืŸ ืคืึธืจ โ€œืื•ื™ืฃ ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืคืŸโ€. ื›ืื˜ืฉ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ืœื™ื™ืŸ ืื– ืก'ืื™ื– ื ืืจ ืคืืจ ืจืขื›ื˜ืก ื“ืจื™ื™ืŸ, ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื˜ืŸ ืื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ื ื ืื™ื“ื™ืื˜ ื•ื•ืืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื’ืœื™ื™ืš ืื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื ืงืก. ืื™ืŸ ืคืขื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืจื’ ืคืœืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืจื” ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืื™ื“ื™ืื˜ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืจืึธื•ื“ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคื™ืœ ืžืขืจ ื˜ืึธืœืขืจืึทื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ 3 ื™ืึธืจ ื“ืึธ, ื–ื™ื™ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ืึธืจืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ึท ืžื™ืจ, ืฉื ื™ื™ึทื“ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืคืจื•ื•ื•ื˜ ืฆื• "ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ." ืื™ืš ื”ืื‘ ืืžืืœ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ื ืขืงืกื™ื“ืขื ื˜ โ€” ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ืืจืฒื ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืฆืฐืฒื˜ืŸ ืฐืขื’. ืขืจืฉื˜ื ืก, ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ืงื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ืš ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜ ืฆื™ ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ื’ื•ื˜. ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขื–ืื’ื˜ ืื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืœื“, ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืจื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ืฉื•ืจืขื ืก ืคื™ืจืžืข ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืืœืขืก ืฉื ืขืœ ืคืืจืขื ื˜ืคืขืจืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึทืงืข ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืฉืขื” ืื™ื– ืึทืœืฅ ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืคืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืš ืคืึธืจ ื ืึธืš ืึท ื•ื•ืึธืš ื‘ืฉืขืช ืžื™ื™ึทืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืจื™ืคึผืขืจื“. ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึธ, ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื–ื™ื›ืขืจื•ื ื’ (ืœืคึผื—ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข) ื›ื•ืœืœ ืจืึธื•ื“ืกื™ื™ื“ ื”ื™ืœืฃ. ืื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื˜ ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ืš ืขื•ื•ืึทืงื•ืื™ืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืจื’, ื“ืึธืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ืžืึธืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜.

ื“ื™ ืจืึธื•ื“ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ื•ื˜ ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜. ื–ื™ื™ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึท ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ืคืึทืจืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืฉื ื™ื™ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื™ืึธืจ. ืืคืฉืจ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืžืึทื ื’ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื™.

ืฉืึทืคึผืก ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืžืึทืกื™ื–

ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืกื•ืคึผืขืจืžืึทืจืง ืงื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืคืจืืก: ืึทืœืฃ ืžืขื’ืึท, ืกืงืœืึทื•ื•ืขื ื™ื˜ื™ืก, ืœื™ื“ืœ. ืžื™ืจ ืงืจืึธื ืžืขืจืกื˜ื ืก ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืึทืžืึธืœ ืึท ื•ื•ืึธืš. ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืึทืคึผืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืฆื• ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ื›ื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ืขืก ืึทืžืึธืœ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜. ืื™ืš ื”ืื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื”ื™ื’ืข ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’, ื“ื™ ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“, ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื–, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคื™ืœ. ื ื•, ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืขืจ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืกืึทื ื’ืฉืึทื ื–, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืขืฉืึธืœืขื ืขืกืŸ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืงืขื–, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืกืึทื‘ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื•ืฅ. ืกื•ืคึผืขืจืžืึทืจืงื™ืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึธืคืŸ ืึทืœืข ื•ื•ืึธืš. ืžืขื’ืึท ืึทืœืฃ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ, ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื•ื•ืึทื• ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข. ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืกื˜ืึธืจื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื–ื™ืฆืขืจ ืก ืœื™ื ืงืก ืคึผื™ืึทื˜ืข. ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืžืกืชึผืžื, ืคื™ืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจืžืื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื•ื•ืืš, ืฉื‘ืช ืื•ืŸ ื–ื•ื ื˜ื™ืง. ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืคื™ืœืข ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช, ืื’ื‘. ืคืจื™ื–ื™ืจืขืจ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืื ืขืจืฉื˜ืื’. ื“ืืงื˜ื•ื™ืจื™ื ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืื ืขืจืฉื˜ืื’. ืคืึทืจืžืึทืกื™ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืฉืึทืคึผืก. ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ืจื™ื™ ื™ืึธืจ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื’ืึธืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ืื™ื.

ืคืึทืจืžืึทืกื™ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืœืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข. ืึทื—ื•ืฅ ืึทื– ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ-ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืึทืคึผื˜ื™ื™ืงืขืจ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืกื“ืจ. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืขืก, ื–ื™ื™ ืจื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืขืก. ื“ื™ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื’ืก ืื™ื– ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข. ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจืœืึทืคึผ, ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“ (ืืคึฟืฉืจ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืขืœืคึฟืŸ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ื™ื™ืœืžืึทื ืฅ), ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื“ืึธ. ืขืก ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืฉืœืืกืŸ ืขืžืคึผื™ืจื™ืงืึทืœืœื™. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ XNUMX-ืฉืขื” ืคืึทืจืžืึทืกื™ื–, โ€‹โ€‹ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืžืึทืกื™ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคืœื™ื›ื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฉืึทื ื’ื™ื ื’. ื“ื™ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ืจืึทืกื˜ ืึทืคึผื˜ื™ื™ืง, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึธื ืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืคึผืก ืงื™ืคืจืืก ืึทืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ. ืคืืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืื– ืžืขืŸ ืงืขืŸ ื ืืจ ื‘ื™ื™ื ืื›ื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืื–ื ืืคื˜ืฒืง ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ื˜ื/ื˜ืืงืกื™, ืกืฒื“ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจื‘ืฒ.

ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืกื•ืคึผืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื”ื•ื™ื–ื’ืขื–ื™ื ื“ ื–ืื›ืŸ. ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ื–ืื›ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื / ื’ืึธืจื˜ืŸ / ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ. ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื–ืฉืึทืžื‘ืึธื•, ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ื“ืขืจ, ืึธืคื™ืก ืกืึทืคึผืœื™ื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืื›ืŸ. ืงืœื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืš ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืงื•ื™ืคื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืึทืคึผืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ, ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขื‘ืขื ื”ืึทืžืก. ืžื™ืจ ื™ื•ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ ืงื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืขืจ, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจืึธื ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ืึทืœ.

ื•ื•ื™ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžื™ืกื˜ ืžืึทืš ืฆื• ืงื™ืคืจืืก?

ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืŸ

ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืคืจืืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืขื ื™ืŸ. ื“ืขืจ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ื ื™ืฉืข ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึท ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ืึทืงืœื™ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขื’ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ื ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ืฆื™ืขืก ื“ืึธ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ื˜ืึธืœ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœื™ื ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืœื™ืžืึทืกืกืึธืœ. ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ื™. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืœืึธื•ืงืึทืœื–, ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’, ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜. ืึทืœืข ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืŸ ืื™ื– ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืœืคึผื—ื•ืช 2 ื”ืึธืกืคึผื™ื˜ืึทืœืก โ€‹โ€‹/ ืงืœื™ื ื™ืงืก (Ygia ืคึผืึธืœื™ืงืœื™ื ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืžืขื“ื™ื˜ืขืจืจืึทื ืขืึทืŸ ื”ืึธืกืคึผื™ื˜ืึทืœ). ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉื ืขืจื–. ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืžื™ื ื™-ืงืœื™ื ื™ืง, ื‘ืฉืขืช ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฆื™ืžืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜ ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ. ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืงื˜, ื“ื™ ื“ืืงื˜ื•ื™ืจื™ื ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืจื™ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ ืงืœื™ื ื™ืงืก. ื–ื™ื™ ืคื™ืจืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขืจืฉื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ืงื•ืง, ืคืึธืจืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืžืขื“ืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ืžืึทื ื™ืคึผื™ืึทืœื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื–. ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ, ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ืงืึธืžืคึผืœืขืงืก ืึธื ืขืก. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื™ืงื•ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืงืœื™ื ื™ืง, ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืขืก. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื˜, ื“ืึทืŸ ื“ื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ. ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ืงืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืึธืคื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ืึท ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืึทืคึผื•ื™ื ื˜ืžืึทื ื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ื˜ื•ืจื ืก ืื•ื™ืก ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึท ื ื•ื™ื˜ืคืึทืœ ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื™ื ื™ืง. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืขืจื ืกื˜ ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’, ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืžืกืชึผืžื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ ืงืœื™ื ื™ืงืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ืขืคื ื˜ืœืขืš ื”ืึธืกืคึผื™ื˜ืึทืœืก, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขืจื ืกื˜ ื•ื™ืกืจื™ื›ื˜. ืึทืœืข ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื’ืขืœื˜. ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขืš - ืึท ืจืขื’ื•ืœืขืจ ื‘ืึทื”ืึทื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ ืงืึธืก 50 ืขื•ืจืึธืก. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืงืจืึทื ืง ืจืึทืจืขืœื™, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื˜ืึธืœืขืจืึทื‘ืœืข, ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื–ื™ื›ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทื ื™ืขืก.

ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื–ื™ื›ืขืจื•ื ื’, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื™ืกื™ืงืœื™ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ื ืึธืš ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืคึผืœืึธืžื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืฉื˜ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืคึผื™ืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื–ื™ื›ืขืจื•ื ื’ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ (ืงืœื™ื™ื“ ืคืึธืจืขื), ืฆื•ื˜ืฉืขืคึผืขืŸ ื˜ืฉืขืงืก ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืงืŸ ื–ื™ื™. ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื–ื™ื›ืขืจื•ื ื’ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜. ืื™ืจ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื’ืขืœื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืึธืจื˜ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืžืข ื’ื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ืื™ื ืฉื•ืจืขื ืก ืคื™ืจืžืข ื‘ืื˜ืจืื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืืจืœืื ื’, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืŸ ืื™ื ืฆื™ื“ืขื ื˜ ื’ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ืฉื•ืจืขื ืก ืคื™ืจืžืข ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ื“ืืก ื’ืขืœื˜. ืขืก ื ืขืžื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืึธืš ืฆื• ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.

ื“ื™ ืžื™ื™ึทืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขื ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื™ื– ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคืจื™ืœื™ ืงืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ื™ื•ื–ืฉืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืึธื ื’ืขื ืขื. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืืžืช ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœื˜ ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“. ื“ืขืจ ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื–ื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื™ื– ืื– ืžืขืŸ ื“ืืจืฃ ื ืืš ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ื ื ืืจืžืืœืขืจ ื“ืืงื˜ืืจ. ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืื™ื– ืึท "ื–ืึทืš ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืš", ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืžื•ื ื™ืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ืขื“. ื’ื•ื˜ืข ื“ืืงื˜ื•ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืคึผืึทื˜ื™ืขื ืฅ. ื™ืขื ืข. ื’ื•ื˜ืข ื“ืืงื˜ื•ื™ืจื™ื ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ (ืื™ื“ืขืืœ) ื ืืš ื‘ืขืกืขืจ, ืื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ืข ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื–ื•ื™. ื“ืขืจ ืฉืขื ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉืœืืกืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขืš ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจืš ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืขืก. ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืืงื˜ื•ื™ืจื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืคืจืืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืกืคึผืขืฉืึทืœืึทืกืฅ. ื“ื™ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ืงืึธืžืคึผืœื™ืฆื™ืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขื ื’ืœื™ืฉ-ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ-ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื ืึธืš ื ืขืจืึธื•ื– ื“ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืงื™ื™ื˜.

ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ืคึผืจื™ืึธื˜ ื“ืืงื˜ื•ื™ืจื™ื ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื”ืึทื ื“ืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ. ืคื™ืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ื™ื’ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื’ืขืคืจื•ืื•ื•ื˜-ืื•ืŸ-ื˜ืขืกื˜ืขื“ ืกื’ื•ืœืข "ื˜ืึทืงืข ื ื•, ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ืš." ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื–ืขืื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงืŸ ืึทื– ืขืคึผืขืก ืื™ื– ืคืึทืœืฉ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืฉืคึผืขื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ืžื™ื™ึทื›ืœ.

ืขืคึผืขืก ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ืฅ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึท ืžื›ืฉืฃื ืงืœื™ื˜ืขืจืขืจ ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื ื‘ืืจื’.
ื›ืžืข ื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืฃ , ื’ืขืคืืœืŸ , ื’ืขื”ืื ื’ืข ืŸ ืื•ื™ ืฃ ื“ ื™ ืคื™ื ื’ืขืจ . ื”ืื˜ ืื•ื™ืคื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืืค - ืฆื•ื ืื•ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื˜ืŸ
ืื•ื™ืคืŸ ื‘ืืก ื–ื™ืฆื˜ ื ืงืœื™ื™ื ื˜ืฉื™ืง ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ (ืž.ืž.).
ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื•?
ืžืดืž : โ€” ืื• ืŸ ืื™ ืš , ืžืฒ ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืขืจืขืจ , ื‘ื™ ืŸ ื ืžื›ืฉืฃ ! ืื™ืจ ืฉืคึผืจื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก
ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ.
ื“ืขืจ ืงืœื™ื™ืžืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืคืจื™ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืฆืขื‘ืจืื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืกืคึผืœืึทืฉื™ื–.
ืžื: - ื™ืึธ, ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžื›ืฉืฃ.

ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ืžื™ืฉื  ื–ื™ืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ื ื™ืฉ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื. ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืขืจื•ื•ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ึทื˜ืœ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืกืึทืคืขืจ.

ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ

ืœืึธืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืคึผืจื™ืกืงื•ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืœืข ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื˜ื•ืฆื™ืขืก, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืคืึทืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœื•ื ื’. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจื’ืึทืจื˜ืึทื ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึผืจื™ืกืงื•ืœ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ. ื–ื™ื™ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื›ื™ืฉ, ืขื ื’ืœื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ. ื“ ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ ืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจื’ืืจื˜ ืŸ ื–ืฒื ืข ืŸ ืคืืจืžืื’ ื˜ ื ืฉื˜ืื˜ . ืืคึฟืฉืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ ืึธื ืขืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืš ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜. ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืึทืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื’ืขืœื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขืก. ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืžืกืชึผืžื ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงื™ื•ื– ื“ืึธืจื˜. ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’, ืึทื–ืึท ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจื’ืึทืจื˜ืึทื ื– ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธื’. ื–ื™ื ื˜ ืžื™ืจ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืœืึทื ื’ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื–ื™ื™, ืื™ืš ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคื™ืœ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ื™.

ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืขื ื’ืœื™ืฉ-ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจื’ืึทืจื˜ืึทื ื–. ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืœืข ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธืกื˜ืŸ ื’ืขืœื˜, ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืก, ืขืคึผืขืก ืคื•ืŸ 200 ืขื•ืจืึธืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื”ืึทืœื‘ ืึท ื˜ืึธื’. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืืก ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคื•ืœ ืฆื™ื™ื˜. ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ 1.5 ื™ืืจ ืึทืœื˜. ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ - ื’ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžืึธืœ. ื“ื™ ื™ืžืคึผืจืขืกืกื™ืึธื ืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขื ืขื, ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืจื™ื™ึท ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ - ื’ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ-ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจื’ืึทืจื˜ืึทื ื–. ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืึทืœืข ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜. ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ืœ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื“ืขืจื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื’ืœื™ืฉ-ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืึธื ืขืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• 200 ืขื•ืจืึธืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื”ืึทืœื‘ ืึท ื˜ืึธื’. ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 1.5-2 ื™ืืจ ืึทืœื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜.

ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉื•ืœืŸ ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืขืจืขืš ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ. ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคึฟืจื™ื™ึท ืกื™ืคึผืจื™ืึธื˜ ืฉื•ืœืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื, ืกืฒึท ื“ืขืจืฆื™ึดื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืกืฒึท ื“ืขืจืฆื™ึดื•ื ื’ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืœืึธื. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืืจื˜ืŸ ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื’ืœื™ืฉ-ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ ืฉื•ืœืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžืื›ื˜ ืขืก ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™. ืคึผืœื•ืก ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ืœ ืกื˜ืึทืจืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 400 ืขื•ืจืึธืก ืคึผืขืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื’ื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื’ื•ื˜. ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืฉื•ืœืข. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ 3 ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ-ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืฉื•ืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ืžืึทืกืกืึธืœ. ืœืคึผื—ื•ืช 1 ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึทืคืึธืก ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ึท ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืขืจ 1 ืื™ืŸ ื ื™ืงืึธืกื™ืึท (ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทืžื‘ืึทืกืึทื“ืข). ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ืœ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ืกื˜ืึทืจืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 300 ืขื•ืจืึธืก ืคึผืขืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ืžื™ืจ ื ืึธืจ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™. ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ืก, ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืืœืข ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืขืจ ืคืจืื’ืจืื ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืœืืงืืœืขืจ (ื‘ืคืจื˜, ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ื’ืจื™ื›ื™ืฉ). ืกืขืจื˜ื™ืคื™ืงืึทืฅ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืกื™ืคึผืจื™ืึธื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ. ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ, ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื ื™ืคื™ืขื“ ืฉื˜ืึทื˜ ื“ื•ืจื›ืงื•ืง. ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื•ืœืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืึทืžื‘ืึทืกืึทื“ืข.

ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืงืœืึทื‘ื– ืื•ืŸ ืกืขืงืฉืึทื ื–, ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืึธื ืขืก. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ: ื’ืขื–ืึทื ื’, ื“ืึทื ืกื™ื ื’, ืžื•ื–ื™ืง, ืžืึทืจืฉืึทืœ ืงื•ื ืกื˜, ื™ืงื•ื•ืขืกื˜ืจื™ืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื.

ื—ื•ืฅ ื“ืขื, ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœื•ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื˜ืจื•ื™ืขืจื™ืง. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ืึทืงืœื™ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึผืœื™ื™ื’ืจืึทื•ื ื“ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ; ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึท ื‘ื™ืกืœ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืœื™ืžืึทืกืกืึธืœ. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืจื™ื ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืฉืคึผื™ืœืคึผืœืึทืฅ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคื™ืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืš. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ื ืขืžืึทืก ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœื•ื ื’ ืกืขื ื˜ืขืจืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืข ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ. ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืขืจ ื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืจืขื’, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžืืœ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ื ืงื™ื™ึทื˜.

ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืกื“ืจ ืฆื• ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ ืจืขื›ื˜, ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืกื•ืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื’ืขืœื˜. ืื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ, ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ื’ื•ื˜ ื’ืขื ื•ื’.

ืฉืคึผืึทืก ืคืึทืงื˜. ืคื™ืœืข ืกื™ืคึผืจื™ืึธืฅ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืึท ืœืขืจืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืจื” ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ. ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืฆื• ืคึผืขื“ืึทื’ืึธื’ื™ืง, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคึผืฉื•ื˜ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืึทื– ืึท ืœืขืจืขืจ 'ืก ื’ืขืฆืึธืœื˜ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ึทื›ืœืขืš (ืึธื“ืขืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืขื›ืขืจ) ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฆืึธืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืœื™ื“ื™ื ื’ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจ.

ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ

ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ืื™ื– ืกืžื™ื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ื ื’. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืกื™ืคึผืจื™ืึธื˜, ืึทืœืฅ ื–ืึธืœ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืจืŸ "ืกื™ื’ืึท-ืกื™ื’ืึท", ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ืกืœืึธื•ืœื™. ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืกื˜ืจืขืกื˜, ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ื– positive. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืึทื ืœื™ื™ืงืœื™ ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืกืงืึทืžื“ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ื”ื™ืœืฃ, ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื”ืขืœืคืŸ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืœื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืจืขืžื“ืขืจ, ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืžืกืชึผืžื ืฉืžื™ื™ื›ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ, ืืœื ื•ื•ื™ ืงื•ืง ื‘ื™ื™ึท ืื™ืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืงืจื™ืžืขื  ื–ื™ืš. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืคืขืจืœื™ ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ื“ืขืจื–ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืกื™ืคึผืจื™ืึธืฅ ื˜ืจืขืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขื’ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืกืขืงืฉืึทืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทื›ื˜ื•ื ื’, ื–ื™ื™ึทืขื ื“ื™ืง ื“ืึธ ืื™ื– ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื‘ืึทืงื•ื•ืขื. ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ืกื™ืคึผืจื™ืึธืฅ, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื ืึทืฉืึทื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ื– ื“ืึธ. ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืกื˜ืึธืžืข ื’ืจื™ื›ืŸ, "ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข" (ื•ื•ืขืจ ืขืก ื™ื– ื•ื•ืืก ืจืขื“ื˜ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ื˜ืึธืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉ ืงืœืึทืกืึทืคื™ื™ื“ ื•ื•ื™ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ) ืื•ืŸ ืึทืกื™ืึทืŸ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื ืขื’ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ. ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืกื™ืคึผืจื™ืึธื˜ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืจื– ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™. ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืึทื ืจื™ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืง. ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜, ื‘ืึทื ืึทืœ ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืœื™ื™ื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืœืขื’ืึทืžืจืข ืึทื ื™ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืฆื™ื™ื˜.

ืฉื˜ืขืœืข ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ืจืึธืคึผืข

ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ, ืงื™ืคืจืืก ืื™ื– ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ืจืืคืขื™ืฉืข ื™ื•ื ื™ืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ืจืึธ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืฉืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜. ื™ืขื ืข. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ืึทืจื•ืžืคืึธืจืŸ ืึทืจื•ื ืื™ื™ืจืึธืคึผืข ื‘ืฉืขืช ื“ืึธ, ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ืึธืš ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืฆื•ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืกื˜ืฉืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื–ืข. ื’ืขืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™ืงืึทืœืœื™, ืงื™ืคืจืืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืึทื•ืฆืงืขืจืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืจืึธืคึผืข. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผ, ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื“ืึธืจืฃ. ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืคึผืจื™ืึธืฅ ื–ื™ืš ื–ืึธื’ืŸ, ืงื™ืคืจืืก ืื™ื– 20 ื™ืืจ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืจืขืฉื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืจืึธืคึผืข ืื™ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’. ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื• ืึทืจื•ืžืคืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืื™ื– ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืœืึทืš ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฉื™ืฃ. ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืงื•ื•ืขื. ืงื™ืคืจืืก ืื•ื™ืš ื”ืื˜ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื™ื ืขืจืœืขืš ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื. ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืึทืžื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข, 38% ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื–ืœ ืื™ื– ื˜ืขืจื™ื˜ืึธืจื™ืข ืคืึทืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื˜ืขืจืงื™ื™. ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืึทื ืึทืคื™ืฉืึทืœ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข, ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื ืง (ื˜ืขืจืงื™ืฉ ืจืขืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธืจื“ืขืจืŸ ืงื™ืคืจืืก) ืื™ื– ืœื™ื’ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜. ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื˜ืขืจืงื™ื™ ืื ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ ืขืก ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืฉื˜ืึทื˜, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืึทืžื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืื™ื– ื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ืคืึทืงื˜.

ื“ืืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื ืœืื ื’ืข ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง, ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื˜ืขื ื“ืืก ืฆื• ื‘ืืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ. ืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ืŸ ืฆื• ืขืคืขืก ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆืึธืคื ื“ื™ืง ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื–ืœ. ื ืึธืจื“ืขืจื ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืึทืจื•ืžืคืึธืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื“ืจื•ื ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืคืจื™ืœื™. ืื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืงืจื™ื™ึทื– ื“ื™ ื“ืขืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืึทืจื™ื–ืขื“ ื–ืึธื ืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืกืึทืคึผืึธื•ื–ืึทื“ืœื™ ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืขืงื˜ืขื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื™ื•.ืขืŸ. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงืจืึธืกื™ื ื’ื–, ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืคืึธืจืžื™ื˜ืœ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืกื’ื™ื™ืขืจ. ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’, ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื’ ืฉื•ืจื” ืœื•ื™ืคื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ื– ืขืก ืื™ืŸ 2 ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ. ื ืึธืš 2% ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื–ืœ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจื™ืฉ ื‘ืึทืกืขืก. ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืงื“ื™ืง ืœืขื’ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืœืึธื ื™ืึทืœ ืคืึทืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ื”ื™ื™ื˜.

ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜

ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ ื“ืึธ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžืขืจืกื˜ื ืก ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ืขื‘ืขืš ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ึทืขืจ. ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืจื™ืจืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง (ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื˜ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืึทื ืฅ 4G) ืื•ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“ืœื™ื™ืŸ. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ืึธื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธ, ืื™ืš ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ืจืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ื˜ืขืœืขืคืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืงื•ืจืก, ืื™ืš ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื•ื•ื™ 30 ืขื•ืจืึธืก ืคึผืขืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืคึฟืึทืจ 20 ืžื‘ื™ื˜ / s, ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 60 ืึธื“ืขืจ 80 ื’ื™ื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืฉื ื™ื™ึทื“ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืื™ืš ืกื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ืœืึทื ื“ืœื™ื ืข ื“ื•ืจืš ืคื™ื‘ืจืข ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืงืก (ืคื™ืœืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื“ืึธ ื ืึธืš ืคืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ADHL). ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข 30 ืขื•ืจืึธืก, 50 ืžื‘ื™ื˜ / s ืึธืŸ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจ ืจื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืงืฉืึทื ื–. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ืงืึธืžื‘ืึธ ืคึผืœืึทื ื– ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืขืœืขื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืœืึทื ื“ืœื™ื ืข, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืš ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ื™. ื–ื™ื ื˜ ืงื™ืคืจืืก ืื™ื– ืึทืŸ ืื™ื ื–ืœ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื”ืขื›ืกื˜ ืึธืคืขื ื’ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื•ื™ืก ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. ืœืขืฆื˜ื ืก, ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงื™ื™ื‘ืึทืœื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืึทืžื™ื“ื–ืฉื“. ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื’ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ืึทืงืœื™ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื•ื•ืึธื›ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ.

ื–ื™ื›ืขืจืงื™ื™ึทื˜

ืขืก ืคื™ืœื– ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื“ืึธ. ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืขืจ ืกืึทืคืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“. ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืœืขืฆื˜ื ืก ื“ื™ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืจ. ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืžืขืจ ืึธืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื–ืขืจ. ื‘ื™ื™ื ืื›ื˜ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืงืื ืงื•ืจืขื ื˜ืŸ ืคื™ื™ืขืจืŸ/ืื•ื™ืคืคืœืื“ื™ืจืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืื ื“ืขืจืŸ'ืก ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜ืŸ. ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื™ืึธืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜. ืื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ืš ื’ืขื“ืขื ืง, ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืฉืขื“ื™ื’ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ, ื ืืจ ืคืืจืžืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉืขื“ื™ื’ื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ.

ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจืฉืึทืคื˜

ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืึธืจื™ืข, ื ืึธืš 5 ื™ืึธืจ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึธื ื•ื•ืขื ื“ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืœืึทื ื’-ื˜ืขืจืžื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื•ื™ื ืึธืจื˜ ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ (ืœืึทื ื’ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื•ื™ื ืึธืจื˜ ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ), ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืš 7 ื™ืึธืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจืฉืึทืคื˜. ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืงืึทืœืขื ื“ืึทืจ ื™ืึธืจืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคืืจื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืคืจืืก. ื™ืขื ืข. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“, ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฆื• ืœืึทื ื’, ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืฉืคึผืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืœืขื ื’ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœื™ื’ืข ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉ, ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ, ืึธื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ ืงืขืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืืคื’ืขื–ืื’ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื•ื™ื‘ ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ื’ื•ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืึธืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืœืื ื’ื˜, ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื“ื•ืœื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ืŸ. ืืคึฟืฉืจ ืึท ื™ืึธืจ, ืืคึฟืฉืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™, ืืคึฟืฉืจ ืžืขืจ. ืื™ืš ื”ืื‘ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืื ื˜ ืึทื– ืกื™ืคึผืจื™ืึธืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืœื™ื–ืขืจืœื™. ืื•ืŸ ื ืืš ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืืงื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ. ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ืึทืงืข ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ ื“ืขื ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืื•ืŸ ื™ื ื•ื•ืขืกื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืึท ืคึผืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ืœื™ืึธืŸ ืขื•ืจืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ืคึผืจื™ืึธื˜ ืขืงืื ืืžื™ืข, ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืขืก ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ืžื™ื“ (ื“ื•ืจืš ืกื™ืคึผืจื™ืึธื˜ ืกื˜ืึทื ื“ืึทืจื“ืก) ืฉืขื ืงืขืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจืฉืึทืคื˜. ืึทื–ื•ื™, ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจืฉืึทืคื˜ ื“ืึธ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืจื™ื ื’.

ื•ื•ื™ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธื’ืจืึทืžื™ืกื˜ ืžืึทืš ืฆื• ืงื™ืคืจืืก?

ืคึผืจื™ืกืขืก

ื ื•, ืื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ื–ืึทืš ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืกื™ืžื›ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงืึธืกื˜ืŸ. ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ืึทืœืขืžืขืŸ ื”ืื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื‘ืื“ืขืจืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื™ื ืงืึทืžื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื– ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืึท ื’ื™ื™ื“ืœื™ื™ื ื–. ืึทืœืข ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ.

ืคืœืึทืš ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ. ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืš ื”ืื‘ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ืืœืขืก ื™ืขืฆื˜ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ 600 ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืื™ื™ืŸ-ืึธืจื˜ ื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื•ื ื’, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืคึผืขืก ืœื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืฉ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงืึธืกื˜ืŸ ื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• 1000. ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ืœ ืื™ื– ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืฉืึทื ื’ื™ื ื’, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื• ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืฉืคึผื•ืจ. ืื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืขืก. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืคืจื™ื™ื ื˜ ืœืขืฆื˜ื ืก ื’ืขืคื•ื ืขืŸ ืึท ื“ื™ื˜ืึทื˜ืฉื˜ 3-ืฉืœืึธืคืฆื™ืžืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื ื™ืจื‘ื™ื™ ื“ืึธืจืฃ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– 600 ืขื•ืจืึธืก. ื™ืึธ, ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึธืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืึธืŸ ืึท ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืกื™ื™ึท ื•ื•ื™ ืกื™ื™ึท, ื“ืขืจ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก.

ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืฉืึทืœื˜, ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื’ืึทื–ืึธืœื™ืŸ, ื˜ืึทืงืกื™ื–, ื“ื™ื ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื–ื™ื›ืขืจื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืึทืจื•ื 150-200 ืขื•ืจืึธืก. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื™ืžืึทื–ืœื“ื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžืึทืฉื™ืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืึทืจื•ืžืคืึธืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜, ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืžืขืจ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ 'ืจืข ืžืึทื–ืœื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจื•ืžืคืึธืจืŸ ืคื™ืœ, ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ.

ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš 40-50 ืขื•ืจืึธืก, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง-ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 30, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ 70-80. ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืžื™ื™ื ืข ืคืจื™ื™ื ื˜ ื‘ืจืขื ืขืŸ 200 ืึท ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื‘ืจืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื•ืžืขืจ 20. ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ืœ ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 15 ืกืขื ืก ืคึผืขืจ ืงื™ืœืื•ื•ืื˜.

ื•ื•ืึทืกืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 20 ืคึผืขืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืขืกื™ืง ืงืึทื ืกืึทืžืฉืึทืŸ. ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ืœ ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 1 ื™ื™ืจืึธ ืคึผืขืจ ืงื•ื‘ื™ืง ืžืขื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึทื ืึทืœื™ื–ืึทืฆื™ืข.

ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื ืขื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 30 ืคึผืขืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืคึฟืึทืจ 50 ืžื‘ื™ื˜ / s. ื“ืขืคึผืขื ื“ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผื™ื™ึทื–ืขืจ. ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทื– ืžื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขืœื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ.

ืžื™ืกื˜ ื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’ 13 ืขื•ืจืึธืก ืคึผืขืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœื˜ ืึทืžืึธืœ ืึท ื™ืึธืจ. ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคึผื™ื™ืžืึทื ืฅ (ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช) 30-50 ืขื•ืจืึธืก. ื“ืืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ืึท ื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ื‘ื ื™ืŸ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื– ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืึทื–ืึท ืงืึธืกื˜. ื ืึธืจ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ื–ืึธืจื’ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื– ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ืจ.

ืฉื•ืœืข ืื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ - ื’ืึธืจื˜ืŸ. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืจื™ื™ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืขืก, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืขืก ืคึฟืึทืจ 1500 ืขื•ืจืึธืก. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš, ืึท ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ - ื’ืึธืจื˜ืŸ ืงืึธืก 200-300 โ‚ฌ, ืื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉื•ืœืข ืงืึธืก 300-500 โ‚ฌ.

ืžืึธื‘ื™ืœ ื˜ืขืœืขืคืึธืŸ. ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ ืกื™ื ืงืึธืจื˜, ืฆืึธืœืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจืคืขืกื˜ื™ืงื˜ ืกื•ืžืข ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ / SMS / ื’ื™ื’ืื‘ื™ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขืก. ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจื™ืคึผื™ื™ื“ ืฆืึธืœ. ืขืก ื“ืขืคึผืขื ื“ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœ ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ืŸ. ืขืก ืงืึธืก ืžื™ืจ 2-3 ืขื•ืจืึธืก ืคึผืขืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืคึผืขืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ ืื™ื– 7-8 ืกืขื ืก. ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืคื™ื™ึทืŸ ืื™ื– ืึทื– ืจื•ืคืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“ ืงืึธืก 10-15 ืกืขื ืก ืคึผืขืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื˜.

ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ืŸ. 100-200 ืขื•ืจืึธืก ืคึผืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ. ืึทืœืฅ ื“ืึธ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื™ื—ื™ื“. ื“ืขืคึผืขื ื“ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืงืจืึธื, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืขื˜ืข, ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ืŸ. ืื‘ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึท 150 ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืขืกืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืœื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืฉ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘, ืึท ืฉื ืขืœ ื˜ืจื™ื ืงืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืงืึธืกื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 5 ืขื•ืจืึธืก, ืึท ืงืึทืคืข 8-10, ืึท ืจืขืกื˜ืึธืจืึทืŸ 15-20 ืขื•ืจืึธืก ืคึผืขืจ ื™ืึทื–ื“ืข.

ื”ื•ื™ื–ื’ืขื–ื™ื ื“ ืกื›ื•ื™ืจืข ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืก โ‚ฌ.

ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึธื ืกื•ืžืึทื‘ืœืขืก 100 ืขื•ืจืึธืก ืคึผืขืจ ืžืฉืคึผื—ื”.

ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงื™ื ื“ืขืจ. ื“ืขืคึผืขื ื“ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš 40 ืขื•ืจืึธืก ืคึฟืึทืจ 1 ืœืขืงืฆื™ืข ืคึผืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืš. ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื–ืื›ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืขืจ, ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ื˜ื™ื™ึทืขืจ.

ืžืขื“ืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ 200 ืขื•ืจืึธืก. ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืจืึทื ืง. ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึธืคื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ืงืจืึทื ืง. ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื“ืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื“ืขืงื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืึทืจื–ื™ื›ืขืจื•ื ื’.

ื”ื™ื’ื™ืขื ืข ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ืŸ ืงืกื ื•ืžืงืก โ‚ฌ.

ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืžืฉืคึผื—ื” ืคื•ืŸ 4 ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืึทืจื•ื 2500 ืขื•ืจืึธืก ืคึผืขืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ื“ืึธืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœื•ื ื’, ื•ื•ืึทืงืึทืฆื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ืฅ ืฆื• ื“ืืงื˜ื•ื™ืจื™ื.

ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฆืึธืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืœื™ื“ื™ื ื’ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจ ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ื‘ืขืขืจืขืš 2500 - 3500 ืขื•ืจืึธืก. ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ื–ื™ื™ ืงืขืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ึท ืึทืœืข. ืขืจื’ืขืฅ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืžืขืจ. ืื™ืš ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืงืึทื ืกื™ืขืก ื•ื•ื• ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœื˜ 5000, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืžืขืจืกื˜ื ืก ื“ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืึธืจืขืงืก ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทื ื™ืขืก. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ืึทืจื•ืžืคืึธืจืŸ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ, 2500 ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื ื•ื’. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื˜ืจืึทื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžืฉืคึผื—ื”, ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ 3000 ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข. ืื•ื™ืš, ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ื“ืขืคึผืขื ื“ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื‘ืขื ืขืคื™ืฅ: ื‘ืึธื ื•ืก, 13 ื’ืขืฆืึธืœื˜, ื•ื•ืึทืœืึทื ื˜ืขืจื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืคืึทืจื–ื™ื›ืขืจื•ื ื’, ืคึผืจืึธื•ื•ื™ื“ืข ืคืึธื ื“, ืขื˜ืง. ืœืžืฉืœ, VHI ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ ืคืึทืจื–ื™ื›ืขืจื•ื ื’ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ ืงืขืŸ ืงืึธืกื˜ืŸ 200 ืขื•ืจืึธืก ืคึผืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ. ืคึฟืึทืจ 4 ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ 800 ืขื•ืจืึธืก. ื™ืขื ืข. ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ 3000 ืื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ ืคืึทืจื–ื™ื›ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืจืขื•ื•ืขื›ื“ื™ืง ื•ื•ื™ 3500.

ืกืึธืฃ

ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืืก ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ืฆื™ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึทืœืข ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืขืก. ืื™ืš ืงืขืŸ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืคืึทืœ, ื™ืึธ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืขืก. ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื•ืคึฟืจื™ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ 3 ื™ืึธืจ ืื™ืš ืคืืจื‘ืจืื›ื˜ ื“ืึธ. ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ื›ื™ืกืึธืจืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงื™ืคืจืืก ื”ืื˜, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืึธืจื˜.

ืื™ื– ืขืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืึธ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผ? ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ 2-3 ื™ืืจ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืขืก ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ ืคืจื™ื™ึท ืึธืจื˜. ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ, ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืœืขื’ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืจื™ื–ืึธืจื˜ ืึธืจื˜. ื™ืึธ, ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืึธืคึผืจื•ืขืŸ 365 ื˜ืขื’ ืึท ื™ืึธืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ืึทืžืึธืœ ืึท ื™ืึธืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ 7 ื˜ืขื’. ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื ืก, ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืœืขื’ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืจืขืžื“ ืคื™ืจืžืข. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ืกืœืึทื ื“. ื“ืจื™ื˜ื ืก, ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืœืขื’ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ืขืกืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื ื’ืœื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขื ื’ืœื™ืฉ-ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข.

ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžื™ืจ ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื•ื•ื•ื™ื ืึธืจื˜, ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืฆื• ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ 2-3 ื™ืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ. ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืึธืจื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื•ื•ื•ื™ื ืึธืจื˜, ืงื™ืคืจืืก ืื™ื– ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืืก ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืึท ืจื•ื™ืง (ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืจื•ื™ืง) ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืžืืกื˜ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืึทืจื•ื ืžื™ืจ ืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืœื™ื‘ืข ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืฅ. ืœื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคื™ืœ.

ืงื™ืคืจืืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืึท ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืข ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืœืื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผ. ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜ ื–ืฒึทื ืขืŸ ื“ืึธ ื’ืขื ื•ื’ "ืจื•ืกื™ืฉืข" ื›ึผื“ื™ ื–ื™ืš ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ืคึฟื™ืœืŸ ืึธืคึผื’ืขืฉื ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜. ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื”ืึทื ื˜, ื“ื™ ืกื•ื•ื™ื•ื•ืข ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืึทื“ืึทืคึผื˜ ืฆื• ืขืก.

ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ, ื‘ืึทื’ืจื™ืกื•ื ื’ :)

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’