ืึทืœื™ื‘ืึทื‘ืึท ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ PolarDB, ืึท ืคื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ DBMS ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ PostgreSQL.

ืึทืœื™ื‘ืึทื‘ืึท, ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืข ื›ื™ื ืขื–ื™ืฉ ืขืก ืงืึธืžืคึผืึทื ื™ืขืก, ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืงื•ืจ ืงืึธื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ DBMS PolarDB, ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ PostgreSQL. PolarDB ื™ืงืกื˜ืขื ื“ื– ื“ื™ ืงื™ื™ืคึผืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ PostgreSQL ืžื™ื˜ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืกื™ื“ ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ืึทืงืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ื’ืœืื‘ืืœืข ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ืคื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืงื ื•ื™ืœ ื ืึธื•ื“ื–. PolarDB ืื•ื™ืš ืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื“ ืกืงืœ ืึธื ืคึฟืจืขื’ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’, ืฉื•ืœื“ ื˜ืึธืœืขืจืึทื ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืง ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืฆื• ื•ืžืงืขืจืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื ืึธืš ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžืขืจ ื ืึธื•ื“ื– ื“ื•ืจื›ืคืึทืœ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื™ืงืกืคึผืึทื ื“ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ื˜ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื ืึธื•ื“ื– ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืงื ื•ื™ืœ. ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธื“ ืื™ื– ืึธืคืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ื™ Apache 2.0 ื“ืขืจืœื•ื™ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉ.

PolarDB ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ - ื™ืงืกื˜ืขื ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทื˜ืฉืึทื– ืคึฟืึทืจ PostgreSQL. ืคึผืึทื˜ืฉืึทื– ื™ืงืกืคึผืึทื ื“ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื™ืคึผืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ PostgreSQL ื”ืึทืจืฅ, ืื•ืŸ ื™ืงืกื˜ืขื ืฉืึทื ื– ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“ ืกืขืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ืœื™ ืคึฟื•ืŸ PostgreSQL, ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืคื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื, ื’ืœืื‘ืืœืข ื‘ืึทื“ื™ื ื•ื ื’ืก, ืึท ืคื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ SQL ืึธื ืคึฟืจืขื’ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกืขืจ, ื ืึธืš ืžืขื˜ืึทื“ืึทื˜ืึท, ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงื ื•ื™ืœ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’, ืงื ื•ื™ืœ ื“ื™ืคึผืœื•ื™ืžืึทื ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืกื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืคื™ื™ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื™ื’ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ. ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื’ื–ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืขืก.

ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทื˜ืฉืึทื– ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ PostgreSQL ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืึท ืคื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืึธื•ืœื™ื ื’ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืœืขืœ ืึทืงืกืขืก ืฆื• ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืึธืŸ (MVCC, ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืึธืŸ ืงืึทื ืงืขืจืึทื ืกื™ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ) ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืืคื’ืขื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืœืขื•ื•ืขืœืก. ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ PolarDB ืื™ื– ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืงืกื˜ืขื ืฉืึทื ื–, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจืึทื“ื•ืกืึทื– ืึธืคืขื ื’ื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ PostgreSQL ืื•ืŸ ืกื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืคื™ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืึทืคึผื“ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึทืœื•ืฉืึทื ื– ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ PolarDB (ืขืก ืกื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืคื™ื™ื– ื“ื™ ื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืึทื ื’ ืฆื• ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ PostgreSQL ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืœ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ ืžื™ื˜ PostgreSQL). ืฆื• ืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื ืงื ื•ื™ืœ, ื“ื™ pgxc_ctl ื˜ืึธืึธืœืงื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜, ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืขื ืœืขืš ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ PostgreSQL-XC ืื•ืŸ PostgreSQL-XL.

ื ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธื ืขื ื˜ืŸ: ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ื ืึธื•ื“ื– (DN), ืึท ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจ ืžืขื ืขื“ื–ืฉืขืจ (CM), ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ืึทืงืฆื™ืข ืžืขื ืขื“ื–ืฉืžืขื ื˜ ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืก (TM). ื ืคึผืจืึธืงืกื™ ืœืึธื•ื“ ื‘ืึทืœืึทื ืกืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ. ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžืคึผืึธื ืขื ื˜ ืื™ื– ืึท ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืงืขืŸ ืœื•ื™ืคืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจ ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ. ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืจืขืจื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ื ืึธื•ื“ื– ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืกื™ืจืŸ SQL ืคึฟืจืึทื’ืขืก ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ืขื ื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืกื™ื™ืžืึทืœื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ืึทืกืœื™ ืึทืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืงืึธืึธืจื“ื™ื ืึทื˜ืึธืจืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ืข ืคึฟืจืึทื’ืข ืื•ื™ืกืคึฟื™ืจื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทืคึฟื˜ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ื ืึธื•ื“ื–. ื“ืขืจ ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจ ืžืขื ืขื“ื–ืฉืขืจ ืžืึธื ื™ื˜ืึธืจื˜ ื“ืขื ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืึทื ื“ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืึทื‘ื™ื™ืก ื ืึธื“ืข, ื”ืึทืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจ ืงืึธื ืคึฟื™ื’ื•ืจืึทืฆื™ืข, ืื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžืขื ืขื“ื–ืฉื™ื ื’, ื‘ืึทืงืึทืคึผื™ื ื’, ืœืึธื•ื“ ื‘ืึทืœืึทื ืกื™ื ื’, ืึทืคึผื“ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’, ืกื˜ืึทืจื˜ื™ื ื’, ืื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืคึผืคึผื™ื ื’ ื ืึธื•ื“ื–. ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ืึทืงืฆื™ืข ืžืขื ืขื“ื–ืฉืžืขื ื˜ ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ืก ืื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจื˜ืœืขืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ื ืข ืึธืจื ื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขื ืงืœืึทืกื˜ืขืจ.

 ืึทืœื™ื‘ืึทื‘ืึท ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขืขืคื ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงืึธื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ PolarDB, ืึท ืคื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ DBMS ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ PostgreSQL.

PolarDB ืื™ื– ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืฉืขืจื“-ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืงืึทืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึทืจืงืึทื˜ืขืงื˜ืฉืขืจ, ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืกื˜ืึธืจื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื ืึธื•ื“ื–, ืึธืŸ ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจืึธืกื˜ ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืœืข ื ืึธื•ื“ื–, ืื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื ืึธื“ืข ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจื˜ืœืขืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื—ืœืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจืŸ ืคึฟืจืื’ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืขื ืข. ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ. ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืฉ ืื™ื– ืฉืขืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจืฅ (ืฉืึทืจื“ื™ื ื’) ื ื™ืฆืŸ ื›ืึทืฉื™ื ื’ ื‘ืื–ื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืขืจืฉื˜ื™ืง ืฉืœื™ืกืœ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืกืคึผืึทื ืก ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืœื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื ืึธื•ื“ื–, ืึท ืคื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืžืึธื˜ืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ืงืึธืึธืจื“ื™ื ืึทื˜ืึธืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืฆื• ืขื ืฉื•ืจ ืึทื˜ืึธืžื™ืกื™ื˜ื™, ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ืกื™, ืืคื’ืขื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ืœื™ื™ืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ (ืึทืกื™ื“).

ืฆื• ืขื ืฉื•ืจ ืฉื•ืœื“ ื˜ืึธืœืขืจืึทื ืฅ, ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืึธืคึผืฉื ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ืจืขืคึผืœื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืฆื• ื‘ื™ื™ึท ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ ื ืึธื•ื“ื–. ืฆื• ืฉืคึผืึธืจืŸ ืจืขืกื•ืจืกืŸ, ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืจืขืคึผืœืึทืงืึทื–, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ืขื“ ืฆื• ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ-ืฆื•ืจื™ืง ืงืœืึธืฅ (WAL). ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื ืึธื•ื“ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืคื•ืœ ืจืขืคึผืœืึทืงืึทื– ืื™ื– ืขืœืขืงื˜ืขื“ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ืจืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ืกืึทืคึผื™ื™ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื™ื ื’ ืจื™ืงื•ื•ืขืก. ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข ื ืึธื“ืข ืึทืงืขืจื– ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืกืคึผืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืึธืคึผืฉื ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืงืฉื™ื, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื˜ ื ืขืžื˜ ืึธื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืœืขืงืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืœื™ื“ื™ื ื’ ื ืึธื“ืข ืื•ืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ื•ืžืงืขืจืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื ืึธื•ื“ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืคื•ืœ ืจืขืคึผืœืึทืงืึทื–. ื“ืึทื˜ืึท ืจืขืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืงื ื•ื™ืœ ื ืึธื•ื“ื– ืื™ื– ืึธืจื’ืึทื ื™ื–ื™ืจื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืงืกืึธืก ืึทืœื’ืขืจื™ื“ืึทื, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื™ื ืฉื•ืจื– ืึท ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื˜ ื“ืขืคึฟื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืงืึธื ืกืขื ืกื•ืก ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื ืขืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ืคึผืึทื˜ืขื ื˜ืฉืึทืœื™ ืึทื ืจื™ืœื™ื™ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ื ืึธื•ื“ื–.

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืคื•ืœ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ PolarDB DBMS ืื™ื– ืคึผืœืึทื ื ืขื“ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืจื™ืœื™ืกื™ื–: ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข, ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืจืขืคึผืœืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ื”ื•ื™ืš ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ ืื•ืŸ ืงื ื•ื™ืœ ืคืึทืจื•ื•ืึทืœื˜ื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืืจื•ื™ืก. ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืคื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืึทืงื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ืงืจื™ื™ึทื–-ื ืึธื“ืข ืึทืกื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ื ืื ื“ืขืจื’ืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ืกืงืœ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคื™ืจื•ื ื’. ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื˜ ืžืขืœื“ื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ืคึผืœื•ื’ื™ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ PostgreSQL ืื•ืŸ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืœืขืงืกืึทื‘ืึทืœ ื“ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื ืึธื•ื“ื–, ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ืึทื“ืึทืคึผื˜ื™ื•ื• ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกืžืึทื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืขื’ืžืึทื ืฅ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžืึทืœ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื™ืงืกืคึผืึทื ื“ ื“ืขื ืงื ื•ื™ืœ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึทื“ื™ื ื’ ื ื™ื™ึท ื ืึธื•ื“ื–.

ืžืงื•ืจ: opennet.ru

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’