ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืขืจื’ืกื˜ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜: ืื™ืจ ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื”ืึทื‘ืจืึท ืžื—ื‘ืจ

ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืขืจื’ืกื˜ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜: ืื™ืจ ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื”ืึทื‘ืจืึท ืžื—ื‘ืจ

ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ Habr ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’? ื‘ืฉืขืช ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคึผืจื™ืคึผืขืจื™ื ื’ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื”ืึทื‘ืจืึทืคึผืึธืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืึทืจืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื’ื–, ื“ืึธ, ืจืขื›ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืฉืขื”, ืื™ืจ ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ื–ืื›ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืงื”ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืขื ืขืคื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืก.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืจื’ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ Habr? ื‘ืฉืขืช ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืงืึธื“ ืึทืœืข ื˜ืึธื’, ืื™ืจ ืงื•ืง ื‘ื™ื™ึท ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืงืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืคืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืœื™ื ื’ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืึทืจืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื’ื–.

ืžื™ืจ (JUG.ru ื’ืจื•ืคืข) ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื™ืึธืจ ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืงืึทื ืคืจืึทื ืกืึทื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืงื•ืงืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ืึธื ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ืขืจ (ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ืžื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึธืœืขื’ืฉื™ืจ) ืคึฟืึทืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื”ืึทื‘ืึทื‘ืœืึธื’. ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืขืก ืงืœืึธืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ืฅ ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ืื™ืš ื“ื™ืกืงืจื™ื™ื‘ื“ ื•ื•ื™ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืคึฟื™ืจืžืข ื‘ืœืึธื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ Habrรฉ.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ืœ?

ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืš ืœื™ื‘ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜? ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคึฟื™ืจืžืข ื‘ืœืึธื’ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื”ืขืœืคึฟืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจืžืข, ื“ืึธืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืžื™ื™ื ืขืŸ "ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื’ืœืึธื•ื™ื ื’ ืคืืจืงื•ื™ืคื•ื ื’ ืงืึธืคึผื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึทืžื™ื™ื–ื™ื ื’ ืขืก ืื™ื–." ื“ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ Habrรฉ. ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื–ืึทืš ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื“ืึธ: ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ืื•ืŸ ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืงื”ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืงื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื•ื ืขืžืขืŸ.

ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ "ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงืึทื ืคืจืึทื ืกืึทื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื•ื ื“ืขืจืœืขืš ืื•ืŸ ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ" ื‘ื™ื™ึท ืžื™ื ื“ืกื˜ืขืจ ืฆืขืŸ ืžืืœ ืึธืŸ ืึทืจื’ื•ืžืขื ื˜ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ืขืก. ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืงืจื™ืคึผื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคืึทืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’, ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืื™ื ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ - ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืŸ ืฆื™ ื–ื™ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืžืึธืœ.

ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืืœื˜ ื’ืขื“ืืจืคื˜ ื›ืกื“ืจ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืืก ื‘ืืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ื‘ื•ืœืฉื™ื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ืืœื˜ ืื™ืš ื–ื™ืš ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืฉื ืขืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืœื˜ ื”ืขื ื’ืขืŸ. ืฆื•ืž ื’ืœื™ืง, ืึทื ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืื™ืš ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกืฅ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืžืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงืึทื ืคืจืึทื ืกืึทื–, ื•ื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืึท ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ "ื–ื™ื ื˜ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื’ืขืฆื•ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืจื™ืจืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’, ืื›ื˜ื•ื ื’, ื“ืึธ ืื™ื– ืึท ื–ื™ืฆื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื."

ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื ื•ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ืœ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ. ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื• ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืœื™ื‘ืขืจ ื™ื•ื ื” ืกืงื™ื˜, ืื™ืจ ื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ื ืข ืขื ื˜ืคึฟืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืคืืจืฉืคืืจื˜ ืื˜ืขื, ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื ืกื•ืฃ ื–ืื’ื˜ ืขืจ "ื ื“ืื ืง ืคืืจ ื“ื™ ืคืจืื’ืขืก, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืื ื˜", ื›ืืคื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื˜ืจืื›ื˜ืŸ "ื•ื•ืืจื˜, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืœ ื‘ืืฆืืœืŸ ืคืืจ ื“ืขื ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœืŸ ืื•ื™ืš"?

ื ื•, ืึท ื‘ืึธื ื•ืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืœื™ื‘ื”ืื‘ืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืœื™ื–: ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ืึทื‘ืจืึท ืคึผืึธืกื˜ืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืึธืคื˜, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืึธืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืจืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึทื‘ืจืึท ื™ื•ื–ืขืจื–. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืžืึธืœื˜ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžืึธื“ื ืข ืคืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืข ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ!

ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืขืจื’ืกื˜ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜: ืื™ืจ ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื”ืึทื‘ืจืึท ืžื—ื‘ืจ

ื•ื•ืืก ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจื™ื’ืงื™ื™ื˜?

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ื’ื•ื“ื™ื– ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื™ื ืขืŸ ืึทื– ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ื’ืื ืฅ. ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกืจื•ืคืŸ ืื™ื– ื“ืึธืก.

ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฒึทื˜, ืื™ื– ืงืœืึธืจ, ืึทื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžืขืจ ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’, ืึทืœืฅ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทื–ืึท ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืžืข, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืงื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืงืฉืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทื ืคืจืึทื ืกืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ (ืคื•ืŸ Java ืฆื• ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’), ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื“ืขืงื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜. ื“ืขื ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทื’ืจืขื ืขืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืœื™ื‘ืกื˜ืข ื˜ืขืžืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืœื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื’ืึธืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ, ืคื™ืœ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงืึทื ืคืจืึทื ืกืึทื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื›ืึทืจื“ืงืึธืจ, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื–ืึทื˜ืขืจื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ื™ื™ึท ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื“ื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืข, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜ ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ืงืกืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื ืกื˜ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก.

ื–ื™ื™ึทืขื ื“ื™ืง ืึท ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืงืฆื™ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืึทืžืึธืœ ืื™ื– ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืึทื ืจื™ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืง. ืื™ืฆื˜ ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจ: ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื“ืึทืงื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ืฆื• ืงืึธื“ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื ื˜ืขืจื˜ืขื ื™ืง ื’ืขื’ื ื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ื’ ืฆื• ื“ืขื ื“ื™ ืจืขื’ื•ืœืืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช: ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืืก ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื”ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื ืฉืžืชื ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคืืจื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฆื• ืฆื™ื™ื›ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืžืข ืคืืจืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜, ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืืก ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ื“ื.

ื•ื•ื™, ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืึทื–ืึท ื˜ื ืึธื™ื, ืื™ื– ืขืก ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจืŸ ื™ืงืกืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื ืกื˜ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก?

ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื•ื™ืกืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทื– ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ืคืึทืจื•ืžืขืจื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื•ื•ืขืจืงืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืึธืคึผืฆื™ืขืก.

ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืœืขื‘ืŸ?

ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ื˜ืขืžืขืก ืึธืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืคึผืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขืš ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืคื™ืœืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ื“ืขื.

ื ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹Java ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืก, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ื–ื™ืš "ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜"? ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ืคึผืึธืกื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื, ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–'ืื‘ื, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ "ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’" ืกืคึผืึทืกื™ืคื™ืงืœื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข; ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ื  ื–ื™ืš ืขื ื’ืœื™ืฉ-ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ืงื•ื•ืืœืŸ (ืขืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ืฆื• ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืื•ื™ืก ื™ื ืึธื•ื•ื•ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืืŸ ื’ืขืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“). ืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืข ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹Java ืžื™ื˜ ืึท JShell ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ึทื’? ื–ื™ื ื˜ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ื™ึท, ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ืงืกืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื ืกื˜ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ื•ื˜ืึธืจื™ืึทืœ ื ื•ืฆื™ืง, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืขืก, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื•ื’ ืฆื• ืฉืคึผื™ืœืŸ ืžื™ื˜ JShell ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืฉืขื” ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ("ื—ื“ืฉื™ื" ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืจืขืคึผืœ ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ). GitHub ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืคึผืจื™ื•ื•ืึทื˜ ืจื™ืคึผืึทื–ืึทื˜ืึธืจื™ื– ืคืจื™ื™? ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ืžื™ื“ ืžื™ื˜ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื‘ ื‘ืจืึทื•ื–ืขืจื– ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืขืก, ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžืึธืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ (ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืคึผืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืจื”), ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืึทืฉื™ื™ื“ืŸ.

ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื ืก, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืœื™ื™ึทื“ื ืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืžืข ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืก ื˜ื™ืฃ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื•ื•ื•ื ื“ืขืจืœืขืš. ื™ืึธ, ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืื™ื ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’; ืžืขืจ ืึธืคื˜ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื”ืึทื ื“ืœืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืขืคึผืขืก ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ - ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืŸ, ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข, ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืœื™ื‘ืกื˜ืข ื˜ืขืžืข ืงื•ืžื˜ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ, ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืฆื™ืง. ื“ืึธ, ืึธืœืขื’ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื˜ื™ื ื’ืงื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืึทืœ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืขืจ ื’ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขืคืจืขื’ื˜ Chris Thalinger, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืžื™ื˜ Graal, ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื–ืื›ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื™ื ืœื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ืคึผืึทืจืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจืก - ื ื•, ื’ืจื•ื™ืก: ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืฃ, ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืึธืœืขื’ ืื•ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืžืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜.

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื˜ื ืก, ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทื’ืจืขื ืขืฆืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื˜ื™ื ืก, ืงืึทื ืขืงื˜ื™ื ื’ ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื• ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜, ื•ื•ื• ืื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ืขื ื˜ืคึฟืขืจืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ืฉืืœื•ืช. ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืงืึธื ืคึฟืขืจืขื ืฅ, ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ .ื ืขื˜ ืœืขื’ืขื ื“ืข Jeffrey Richter ืฆื•ื ืจืืฉ ืงืื˜ืœื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืจื™ื™ ืึทื‘ืจืขืกืœืึทื•ื• ื‘ืจืกืœื‘, ืก'ืื™ื– ื ื–ื™ื ื“ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืคืจืื’ืขืก. ืขืก ื•ื•ืฒึทื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฆืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื ืก: ืกืฒึท ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜, ืกืฒึท ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ (ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ะธะฝั‚ะตั€ะฒัŒัŽ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื“ื–ืฉืึธืŸ ืกืงื™ื˜, ื•ื•ืืก ื”ืื˜ ื’ืขื–ืืžืœื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ 60 ืฆืคื™ื•ืช), ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื“ื ืขืจ ืืœื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ืœื™ืš ืฆื•ืคืจื™ื“ืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจื‘ ื“ื™ ืงืื ืคืขืจืขื ืฅ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ืืก ืื™ื– ื ืงืœืืจืข ื ื•ืฅ ืคืืจ ื“ืขืจ ืงืื ืคืขืจืขื ืฅ.

ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ืฆื• ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ - ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืื“ืขืจืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ.

ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื• ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื˜ื™ื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืขืžืขืฆืขืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืื ื˜ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืงืจื™ืคึผืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืจื™ืคึผืึธืจืฅ. ืขืก ื›ืึทืคึผืึทื ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืึทื– ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืกืคึผื™ืงืขืจื– ืคึผืึทื‘ืœื™ืฉืึทื– ืึท ื‘ืœืึธื’ ืคึผืึธืกื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืขื ื’ืœื™ืฉ, ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ, ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื”ืขืกืงืขื ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื, ืื™ื‘ืขืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ืขืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ืจื•ืกื™ืฉ. ืื™ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืงืึทืกืขืก, ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ืžื•ืžื—ื” ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ืขืก.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื•?

ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’, ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืึทื– ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืžื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืจ ืงื•ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ IT ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ืคึผืขืจืกืคึผืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•.

ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ, ื“ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืคืขื ืกื™ื•ื•: ืขืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืืŸ ืื•ืžืขื˜ื•ื ืึท ื‘ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื•ื ื’, ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ื–ืื›ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืงื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ืขื "ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื•ื™ืก", ืคืจืขื’ืŸ ืฉืืœื•ืช, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืื™ืจ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื ื’ื– ืื•ื™ื‘ื ืื•ื™ืคื™ืงืขืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขื˜ืึทื™ืœืก ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืก - ืฆื• ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืขืก, ืื™ืจ ื–ืึธืœ ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืžื™ืกื˜ืึธืžืข ืื•ื™ืš ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ืฉื˜ืึธืคึผืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืคืขื ื™ืฉืŸ; ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ืขื ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืœื™ืง ื ืึธืจ ื˜ืขืžืคึผืฅ ืื™ืจ!

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ื‘ืฉืขืช ืื™ืจ ืคืึทืจืœื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคืงื™ื™ึทื˜, ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื ืขืŸ ืึท ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทื•ื•ืขืจื™ื“ื–ืฉ - ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืคื•ืœ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืจืึธืœืข ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืคื™ืฉ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜, ืื™ืจ ื–ืขืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ืคึผืจื™ื–ืžืข: ืขืคึผืขืก ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข, ืขืคึผืขืก ืื™ืจ ื–ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ("ื˜ืขืกื˜ืขืจืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืœืขื›ื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธื“ โ€). ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืขืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื–ืึทื›ืŸ, ื–ืขื˜ ืžืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื–ืึทื›ืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ โ€œืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ื˜โ€, ื ืึธืจ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึท ืคื•ื™ื’ืœึพืื•ื™ื’: ืžืขืŸ ื–ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื˜ื™ื, ื ืึธืจ ืžืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ืึธืก ื’ืึทื ืฆืข ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ. ืื™ืš ื”ืึธื‘ ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ (ืกืฒึท ืื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ืึธืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจืข ืงืึธื ืคึฟืขืจืขื ืฆืŸ) ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืกืš ื’ืึธืจ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ: ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ืœืขืจืก ื‘ื™ื– ื˜ืขืกื˜ืขืจืก, ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื’ืœืขืจืก ื‘ื™ื– ืกื˜ืึทืจื˜ืึทืคึผืขืจืก, ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธื˜ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื– ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ ืงืึธื˜ืœื™ืŸ ืึทืœื™ื™ืŸ.

ื JS ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ืฆื• ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื”ืึทื‘ืจืึทืคึผืึธืกื˜ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ C ++ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ("ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ืึธืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืึธืจื˜?"), ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื•ื•ื•ืขืจื•ื•ืขืœืžื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืคืขืœื“ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื ื™ื˜-ื”ืึทืจืฅ ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœืก. ืคึฟืึทืจ ืžื™ืจ, ื›ึผืžืขื˜ ืึทืœืข ื’ืขื‘ื™ื˜ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฉืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“; ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืื™ืš ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืฆื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜.

ืื™ืš ืคื™ืœืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžืึทื–ืœื“ื™ืง: ื ื™ื˜ ืขื ืœืขืš ืจื•ื‘ึฟ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืฉืขื” ืื™ืš ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืก ื•ื•ื™ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืก.

ื•ื•ืขืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืžื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ?

ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ืขื ืขืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืึทื– ืึทื–ืึท ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืจื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืจื– ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฅ ื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืง ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ.

ืขืจ (ืึธื“ืขืจ ื–ื™) ืžื•ื–ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ื•ื•ื™ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ื–ื™ืš.

ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืจื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืจื– ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึท ืงืึธื“ ืคึผืขืจืกืคึผืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืš ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึท ืงื”ืœ ืคึผืขืจืกืคึผืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•. ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืึธืจื’.

ืื™ืจ ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืึท ืงืึธืžื‘ื™ื ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืื˜ื™ื•ื• ืื•ืŸ ืคืœื™ื™ึทืก. ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืึทื ื˜, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืจืžืึทืœ ื˜ืึทืกืงืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ (ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืžื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืื“ื™ืฆื™ืื ืขืœืŸ "ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ 10 ืจื™ืคึผืึธืจืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืงืึธื ืคึฟืขืจืขื ืฅ" ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ). ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื”ืึทื ื˜, ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ืคืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืึทื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ื–ื™ืš, ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื™ื ืกื˜ืจืึทืงืฉืึทื ื–.

ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ืš, ืžืข ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืฉืจืฒึทื‘ืŸ: ืกืฒึท ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจึพืฉื˜ืึทื ื“, ืกืฒึท ืคึฟื•ืŸ "ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกืึทื ื˜ ืžืึทื›ืŸ". ืžื™ืจ ืึธืคึผืฉืึทืฆืŸ ื˜ืขืงืกืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื ืึธืจ ืงื•ืงืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื˜ืจื•ืงืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื ื™ืฉ ื˜ื•ื˜ืึธืจื™ืึทืœ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืžืช ืงืึทืคึผื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’. ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ืึท ืคืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืข ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืขืคืขืก ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืกืขืงืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขื ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœ, ื“ืึธืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ื”ืงื“ืžื”.

ื‘ื™ื™ื’ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ืื•ื™ืš ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜: ืจืขื›ื˜ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืคึฟืจื˜ ื–ืืจื’ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ. ื ืขืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืกื˜ื™ื ื’, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืง ืงืึทืžืคึผืึทื˜ื™ื ืกื™ื–, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคึผืจื™ื™ืึธืจืึทื˜ื™ื– ืงืขืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• Habr, ืžื™ืจ ืžืืœ ืึทืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืœืขืš, ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืึทืจืคึฟืŸ ืฆื• ืึทื“ืึทืคึผื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขื (ื“ื™ ืขืกืึทื ืก ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข, "ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขืจืก," ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืึธืจืžืึทื˜ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ).

ืื•ืŸ ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืจื™ืงื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืจื– ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื• ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืฉืขื”, IT ื’ืขืขืงืก ื•ื•ืึธืก, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืจื™ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ืœื™ื‘ืœื™ื ื’ ืคึผืจื•ื™ืขืงื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืฉืคึผืึทืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืขืก, ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคื™ืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึธืจื˜ ื“ืึธ: ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืกืึธืœื•ื•ืข ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืœืขืกืึธืฃ ื”ืขืœืคึผืก ืกืึธืœื•ื•ืข ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื•.

ืื•ื™ื‘ ืึทืœืฅ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉืจืขืงืŸ ืื™ืจ ืึทื•ื•ืขืง, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืขืจืขืกื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืžืขืจ ื“ืขื˜ืึทื™ืœืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ืจื™ืกืคึผืึทื ื“, ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื˜ืืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืงืึทื ืกื™ืขืก ื‘ืœืึทื˜.

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’