ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ืกื˜: ืึท ืžื™ื ื™ืึทื˜ื•ืจืข ืœื™ื ืขืึทืจ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ืึทืงืึทืœ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืจืขืงืึธืจื“

ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ืกื˜: ืึท ืžื™ื ื™ืึทื˜ื•ืจืข ืœื™ื ืขืึทืจ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ืึทืงืึทืœ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืจืขืงืึธืจื“

ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืงืึทื ื˜ืข ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ "ืžืขืจ ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง" ืื™ื– ืœืึทื ื’ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื’ืจื™ื ื“ืขื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ืกืขืงื˜ืึธืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜, ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ืจื™ืึทืœืึทื˜ื™ื–, ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืื’ืŸ "ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ื•ื•ืึทืœื“ื™ืง" ืื™ื– ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ืœืขืš. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืกื™ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึธืžืคึผื™ื•ื˜ืขืจืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคืจื™ืขืจ ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืœืึธื ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืึท ืงื™ื ื“, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืืคื•ื™ืœืŸ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ืึทืงืึทืœ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจืก. ื™ืึธ, ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื”ืึทื“ืจืึธืŸ ืงืึทืœื™ื™ื“ืขืจ (ืœื”ืง), ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ื™ืžืคึผืจืขืกื™ื•ื• ื“ื™ืžืขื ืฉืึทื ื– (26 ืขื ืื™ืŸ ืœืขื ื’) ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืžืฉ ืื ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืึธืžืขืŸ? ืึทื–ื•ื™, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึท ื–ืึทืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ื”ื™ื™ื˜, ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ DESY, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ ืึท ืžื™ื ื™ืึทื˜ื•ืจืข ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืขืจื’ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืกื’ื™ื™ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ืœ-ื’ืจื™ื™ืก. ื“ืขืจืฆื•, ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึท ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ืขืจืึทื”ืขืจื˜ื– ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจืก, ื“ืึทื‘ืœื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืขืžื‘ืขื“ื™ื“ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ืก. ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ืึทื˜ื•ืจืข ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื ื˜ ืคึผืจื™ื ืฆื™ืคึผืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืึธืคึผืขืจืึทืฆื™ืข, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื™ืงืกืคึผืขืจืึทืžืึทื ืฅ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ? ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืขืœืคึฟืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ืš ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ืขื. ื’ื™ื™.

ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ื™ืงืขืจ

ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ืึธื ื’ืคืึทื ื’ ื–ืฉืึทื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืœืขื’ืขืก ืื™ืŸ DESY (ื“ื™ื™ึทื˜ืฉ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธืŸ ืกื™ื ื˜ืฉืจืึธื˜ืจืึธืŸ), ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื™-ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ, ื•ืœื˜ืจืึทืคืึทืกื˜ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธืŸ ืงื•ื•ืืœืŸ ืฉืคึผื™ืœืŸ ืึทืŸ ื™ื ืงืจืขื“ืึทื‘ืœื™ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืจืึธืœืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึธื“ืขืจืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜. ืคื™ืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืขื“ื™ืฆื™ืŸ, ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ื™ืง ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืืคื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’. ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื’ืึทืกื˜ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขื ืžื™ื˜ ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ืœื™ื ืขืึทืจ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื– ื ื™ืฆืŸ ืจืึทื“ื™ืึธ ืึธืคื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืึทืกืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื– ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืš ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื–, ืงืึธืžืคึผืœืขืงืก ื™ื ืคืจืึทืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืจืขืกื™ื•ื• ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืงืึทื ืกืึทืžืฉืึทืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืฉืึธืจื˜ืงืึธืžื™ื ื’ืก ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื’ืจืขื ืขืฆืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ืœืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ื˜ืขืงื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืฆื• ืึท ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ืฆืขืจืก.

ื“ื™ ืงืœืึธืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืคึผืจืึธื‘ืœืขืžืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื™ื ืกืขื ื™ื•ื• ืฆื• ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืงืึทื ืกืึทืžืฉืึทืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืฉืึทืคืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืœ.

ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึธืจืขื•ื• ื ื™ื™ึทืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืื™ื ื“ื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ืขืจืึทื”ืจืฅ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ "ื‘ืขื ืขืคื™ืฅ":

  • ืขืก ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ ืึทื– ืงื•ืจืฅ ื›ื•ื•ืืœื™ืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืฅ ืคึผืึทืœืกื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืึทื”ืจืฅ ืจืึทื“ื™ืึทืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื‘ืื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขืœ ืฆืขื‘ืจืื›ืŸ*, ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื“, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื’ืจืึทื“ื™ืึทื ืฅ;

ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืฉืข ืฆืขื‘ืจืื›ืŸ* - ืึท ืฉืึทืจืฃ ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื•ื•ืึธื•ืœื˜ื™ื“ื–ืฉ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜.

  • ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ึทื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืคืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ืžืขื˜ื”ืึธื“ืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื”ื•ื™ืš-ืคืขืœื“ ื˜ืขืจืึทื”ืขืจื˜ื– ืจืึทื“ื™ืึทืฆื™ืข ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ื™ื ืขืจืœืขืš ืกื™ื ื’ืงืจืึทื ืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ืก ืื•ืŸ ืขืงืกื™ื™ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ;
  • ืงืœืึทืกื™ืฉ ืžืขื˜ื”ืึธื“ืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ืฉืึทืคึฟืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื–, ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืจื™ื“ื•ืกื˜.

ืกืกื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืกืฅ ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืึทื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžื™ืœืึทืžื™ื˜ืขืจ-ื•ื•ืึธื’ ื˜ืขืจืึทื”ืจืฅ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืื™ื– ืึท ืงืึธืžืคึผืจืึธืžื™ืก ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืขื ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืื•ืŸ ืžื™ืงืจืึธ-ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ื“ื™ืกืึทื“ื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ื™ื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืžืขื ืฉืึทื ื–.

ืจืขืกืขืึทืจื˜ืฉืขืจืก ืœื™ื™ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื– ื˜ืขืจืึทื”ืขืจื˜ื– ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื˜ืขื›ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžืึธืœ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ืึธืš ืคื™ืœืข ืึทืกืคึผืขืงืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื’ืขืœืขืจื ื˜, ื˜ืขืกื˜ืขื“ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ืึทื“.

ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื‘ืึทื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜, ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงื™ื™ืคึผืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ STEAM (ืกืขื’ืžืขื ื˜ืขื“ ื˜ืขืจืึทื”ืขืจื˜ื– ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธืŸ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทื ื™ืคึผื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ) - ืึท ืกืขื’ืžืขื ื˜ืขื“ ื˜ืขืจืึทื”ืจืฅ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธืŸ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทื ื™ืคึผื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ. STEAM ืึทืœืึทื•ื– ื“ื™ ืœืขื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื“ื•ืกื˜ ืฆื• ืึท ืกืึทื‘-ืคึผื™ืงืึธืกืขืงืึทื ื“ ื’ืขื“ื•ื™ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจืžื™ื˜ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืคืขืžื˜ืึธืกืขืงืึธื ื“ ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคืึทืกืข.

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืึท ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคืขืœื“ ืคื•ืŸ 200 ืžื•ื•/ืž (ืžื•ื• - ืžืขื’ืึทื•ื•ื•ืœื˜), ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ืึท ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ ื˜ืขืจืึทื”ืจืฅ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ> 70 ืงืขื•ื• (ืงื™ืœืึธืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜) ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืžื‘ืขื“ื™ื“ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœ ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹55 ืงืขื•ื•. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’, ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ืก ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 125 ืงืขื•ื• ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ.

ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืื•ืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืœืึทืžืขื ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ

ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ืกื˜: ืึท ืžื™ื ื™ืึทื˜ื•ืจืข ืœื™ื ืขืึทืจ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ืึทืงืึทืœ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืจืขืงืึธืจื“
ื‘ื™ืœื“ ื ื•ืž 1: ื“ื™ืึทื’ืจืึทืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ.

ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ืกื˜: ืึท ืžื™ื ื™ืึทื˜ื•ืจืข ืœื™ื ืขืึทืจ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ืึทืงืึทืœ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืจืขืงืึธืจื“
ื‘ื™ืœื“ ื ื•ืž 1-2: ืึท - ื“ื™ืึทื’ืจืึทืžืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ื“ืขื•ื•ืขืœืึธืคึผืขื“ 5-ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืกืขื’ืžืขื ื˜ืขื“ ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ, ื‘ - ืคืึทืจื”ืขืœื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืœืงื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืคึผืึทื’ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ.

ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธืŸ ื‘ื™ืžื– (55 ืงืขื•ื•) ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธืŸ ื‘ื™ืงืก* ืื•ืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืจืึธื•ื“ื•ืกื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืจืึทื”ืขืจืฅ STEAM-ื‘ื•ื ื˜ืฉืขืจ (ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœ ืงืึทืžืคึผืจืขืกืขืจ), ื ืึธืš ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื™ื™ ืคืึธืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ STEAM-ืœื™ื ืึทืง (ืœื™ื ืขืึทืจ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ *).

ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธืŸ ื‘ื™ืงืก* - ืึท ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืึท ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข.

ืœื™ื ืขืึทืจ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ * - ืึท ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืืคื•ื™ืœืŸ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืึทืœื– ืคืึธืจืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืœ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ื’ื•ื•ื™ืฉื™ื– ืึท ืœื™ื ืขืึทืจ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืกื™ื™ืงืœื™ืง (ืœืžืฉืœ, ื“ื™ ืœื”ืง).

ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข STEAM ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื˜ืขืจืึทื”ืขืจื˜ื– ืคึผืึทืœืกื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืื™ื™ืŸ ื ืึธืขื ื˜-ื™ื ืคืจืขืจืขื“ (NIR) ืœืึทื–ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื•ื™ืš ืคื™ื™ืขืจื– ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธืŸ ื‘ื™ืงืก ืก ืคืึธื˜ืึธืงืึทื˜ืึธื•ื“, ืจื™ื–ืึทืœื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื ืขืจืœืขืš ืกื™ื ื’ืงืจืึทื ืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ืก ืื•ืŸ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ. ืึทืœื˜ืจืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ืึทืœื™ื˜ ืคึผืึทืœืกื™ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืึธื˜ืึธืขืžื™ืกืกื™ืึธืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ ื“ื™ ืคืึธื˜ืึธืงืึทื˜ืึธื•ื“ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืกืึทืงืกืขืกื™ื•ื• ืกื˜ืึทื’ืขืก GVG* ืคื•ื ื“ืึทืžืขื ื˜ืึทืœ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื•ื•ืœืขื ื’ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื ืึธืขื ื˜-ื™ื ืคืจืขืจืขื“ ืœื™ื›ื˜. ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืขืจืฅ ืึท 1020 ื ื ืœืึทื–ืขืจ ื“ื•ื™ืคืขืง ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• 510 ื ื ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืฆื• 255 ื ื.

GVG* (ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื”ืึทืจืžืึธื ื™ืง ื“ื•ืจ) ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืงืึทืžื‘ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ ืคืึธื•ื˜ืึทื ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืึธืคื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงืฉืึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื ื™ื˜-ืœื™ื ืขืึทืจ ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึธืจืžื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื™ึท ืคืึธื˜ืึธื ืก ืžื™ื˜ ื˜ืึธืคึผืœ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜, ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืึทืœื‘ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื•ื•ืœืขื ื’ื˜.

ื“ื™ ืจืขืฉื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ NIR ืœืึทื–ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœ ืื™ื– ืฉืคึผืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 4 ื‘ื™ืžื–, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ ืคื™ืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ-ืฆื™ืงืœ ื˜ืขืจืึทื”ืขืจื˜ื– ืคึผืึทืœืกื™ื– ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ-ื“ื•ื™ืคืขืง ืึธืคื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื“ื™ืคืขืจืึทื ืกื™ื–.

ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื˜ืขืจืึทื”ืขืจื˜ื– ืคึผืึทืœืกื™ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื™ืขื“ืขืจ STEAM ืžื™ื˜ืœ ื“ื•ืจืš ืกืึทืžืขื˜ืจื™ืงืึทืœ ื”ืึธืจืŸ ืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืจืึทื”ืขืจื˜ื– ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงืฉืึทืŸ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื›ื˜ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืคึผืึทื’ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ.

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ืก ืึทืจื™ื™ึทืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ STEAM ืžื™ื˜ืœ, ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ืงืกืคึผืึธื•ื–ื“ ืฆื• ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืงืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ื™ืง ืงืึทืžืคึผืึธื•ื ืึทื ืฅ ืœืึธืจืขื ืฅ ืคืึธืจืกืขืก*.

ืœืึธืจืขื ืฅ ืงืจืึทืคื˜* - ื“ื™ ืงืจืึทืคื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ื™ืง ืคืขืœื“ ืืงื˜ืŸ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื‘ืืคื•ื™ืœืŸ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ืึทืงืึทืœ.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ, ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืง ืคืขืœื“ ืื™ื– ืคืึทืจืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจื˜ืœืขืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ื™ืง ืคืขืœื“ ื– ืœืึทื˜ืขืจืึทืœ ื“ื™ืคืœืขืงืฉืึทื ื–.

ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ืกื˜: ืึท ืžื™ื ื™ืึทื˜ื•ืจืข ืœื™ื ืขืึทืจ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ืึทืงืึทืœ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืจืขืงืึธืจื“
ื‘ื™ืœื“ #2

ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืœื“ืขืจ 2 ืึท ะธ 2b, ื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ STEAM ืžื™ื˜ืœ, ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืจืึทื”ืขืจื˜ื– ื‘ื™ืžื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฆืขื˜ื™ื™ืœื˜ ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ื•ื•ืขืจืกืœื™ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืขื˜ืึทืœ ืฉื™ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืœื™ื™ึทืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื™ื™ื ื’ ื’ืจืขื‘, ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื•ื•ืึทื•ื•ืขื’ื™ื™ื“, ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืคืขืจื™ื ื’ ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึทื ืฅ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงืฉืึทืŸ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜. ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ื™ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืง ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืฆื• ืงืึธื•ืึธืจื“ืึทื ืึทื˜ ื“ื™ ืึธื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืจืึทื”ืขืจืฅ ื›ื•ื•ืึทืœื™ืข ืคืจืึธื ื˜ * ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืจืึธื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ืก.

ื•ื•ืึทื•ื•ืขืคืจืึธื ื˜* - ื“ื™ ื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืคืœืึทืš ืฆื• ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื•ืึทืœื™ืข ื”ืื˜ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ื˜.

ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข STEAM ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืงืึทืœ ืžืึธื“ืข, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ืื™ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืึท ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื• ืฆื•ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืฉ ืคืขืœื“ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ืงืŸ ืึท ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ื™ืง ืคืขืœื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฆืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงืฉืึทืŸ ื’ืขื’ื ื˜.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืœ, ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืžื“ ืฆื• ืคืึธืจืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื ื•ืœ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ* ื˜ืขืจืึทื”ืขืจื˜ื– ืคืขืœื“, ื•ื•ื• ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื’ืจืึทื“ื™ืขื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืง ืคืขืœื“ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืžืึทืงืกืึทืžื™ื™ื–ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืจื›ืฉื ื™ื˜ืœืขืš ืคืขืœื“ ืื™ื– ืžื™ื ืึทืžื™ื™ื–ื“.

ื ื•ืœ ืึทืจื™ื‘ืขืจ* - ืึท ืคื•ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื• ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผืึทื ื•ื ื’.

ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื– ื“ื™ ืขืง ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืคึผ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื’ื™ื›ืขืจืŸ, ืจื™ื–ืึทืœื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ืœืึทื ื“ื–ืฉืึทื˜ื•ื“ืึทื ืึทืœ ืคืึธื•ืงื™ืกื™ื ื’ (2 ืึท ะธ 2 ืก).

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจื’ืข ืžื™ื˜ืœ, ื“ื™ ืกื™ื ื’ืงืจืึทื ืึทื–ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืึทื”ืจืฅ ืจืึทื“ื™ืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœ ื™ืงืกืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื ืกื™ื– ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืึท ื ืขื’ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืฆื™ืงืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืจืึทื”ืจืฅ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืง ืคืขืœื“. ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื ืขืฅ ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจื“ื™ืง ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ (2b ะธ 2d).

ื“ื™ NIR ืœืึทื–ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืึท ืงืจื™ืึธื’ืขื ื™ืงืœื™ ืงื•ืœื“ Yb: YLF ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื•ื•ืึธืก ื˜ืจืื’ื˜ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืฉ ืคึผืึทืœืกื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ 1.2 ืคึผืก ื’ืขื“ื•ื™ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ 50 ืžื“ื–ืฉ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ื‘ื™ื™ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื™ื•ื•ืœืขื ื’ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 1020 ื ื ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื™ื‘ืขืจื›ืึทื–ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืงื•ืจืก ืคื•ืŸ 10 ื”ื–. ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืึทื”ืขืจื˜ื– ืคึผืึทืœืกื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื”ื•ื™ืคื˜ ืึธืคื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 0.29 ื˜ืขืจืึทื”ืจืฅ (ืคึผืขืจื™ืึธื“ ืคื•ืŸ 3.44 ืคึผืก) ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื–ืฉืขื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื’ืขื ื™ื™ื’ื˜ ื“ื•ื™ืคืขืง ืคืจืึธื ื˜ ืื•ืคึฟืŸ.

ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ื˜ ื“ื™ STEAM-ื‘ื•ื ื˜ืฉืขืจ (ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœ ืงืึทืžืคึผืจืขืกืขืจ) ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– 2 X 50 nJ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืึทื”ืขืจื˜ื– ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืื™ื– ื’ืขื ื™ืฆื˜, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ STEAM-ืœื™ื ืึทืง (ืœื™ื ืขืึทืจ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ) ืคืืจืœืื ื’ื˜ 2 X 15 ืžื“ื–ืฉ.

ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ืึทืžืขื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ืœืขื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ื™ืœ ื”ืึธืœืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืคึผืึทืจืข ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก ืื™ื– 120 ืžื™ื™ืงืจืึทื ื–.

ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœ ืงืึทืžืคึผืจืขืกืขืจ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืœื™ื™ึทืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ื”ื™ื™ืš (0 ืžื), ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ืงื•ื•ื™ืคึผื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืคื™ื•ื–ื“ ืกื™ืœื™ืงืึท ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืขืก (ฯตr = 225) ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื ื’ 4.41 ืื•ืŸ 0.42 ืžื ืฆื• ืงืึธื ื˜ืจืึธืœื™ืจืŸ ื˜ื™ื™ืžื™ื ื’. ื“ื™ ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ื›ื™ื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžืคึผืจืขืกืขืจ ืœื™ื™ึทืขืจืก ืคืึทืจื˜ืจืึทื›ื˜ื  ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ (2 ืก).

ืื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ืขืึทืจ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ื“ื™ ื›ื™ื™ืฅ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ - 0.225, 0.225 ืื•ืŸ 0.250 ืžื (+ ืคื™ื•ื–ื“ ืงื•ื•ืึทืจืฅ ืคึผืœืึทื˜ืขืก 0.42 ืื•ืŸ 0.84 ืžื). ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ื”ื™ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธืŸ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ.

ืกืกื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืกืฅ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื ื•ืžืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ึทืขืจืก ืื™ื– ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืคืึทืจืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ืึธืจื˜ืœืขืš ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคืึทื ื’ืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื“ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืขืก. ืึทื˜ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืจืึทื˜ืขืก, ืคึฟืึทืจ ื‘ื™ื™ึทืฉืคึผื™ืœ, ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื“ืึทืจืคืŸ ืžืขืจ ืœื™ื™ึทืขืจืก ืื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื”ื™ื™ืš ืงืึทื ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืฆื• ืึทืคึผื˜ืึทืžื™ื™ื– ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงืฉืึทืŸ.

ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืงื˜ื™ืฉ ื™ืงืกืคึผืขืจืึทืžืึทื ืฅ

ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืจื™ืกืขืจื˜ืฉืขืจื– ื“ืขืจืžืึธื ืขืŸ ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืงืึทื‘ืึธืœืขื“ื™ืง ืจืึทื“ื™ืึธ ืึธืคื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ื˜ืขืจื–, ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืžืคึผืขืจืึทืœ ืžืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืžื‘ืขื“ื™ื“ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืขืจื˜ื™ืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœ ืื™ื– ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืง ืคืขืœื“ ื™ืงืกืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื ืกื˜ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงืฉืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ืก ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœ ืขืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ื ื’. ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืฆื™ื™ื˜. ืื–ื•ื™, ืขืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืจื˜ ืึทื– ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ื’ืจืึทื“ื™ืขื ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืžื– ืžื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ื’ืขื“ื•ื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ืึท ื’ืจืขืกืขืจืข ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ. ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉืขืงื˜ื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืžื– ืคื•ืŸ ืœืึทื ื’ ื’ืขื“ื•ื™ืขืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึทืœื•ืขืก emittances*.

Emittance* - ืคืึทืกืข ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคืึทืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืืคื•ื™ืœืŸ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืึทืœื–.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืขืจืึทื”ืจืฅ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ, ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืงืกื™ื™ื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคืขืœื“ ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืขืจืขืš 200 ืžืืœ ืงื™ืจืฆืขืจ. ื“ืขืจืคืืจ, ืฉืคึผืึทื ื•ื ื’* ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื˜ื™ืฆื˜ ืคืขืœื“ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ 10 ืžืืœ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ.

ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืง ืคืขืœื“ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืงื™ื™ึทื˜* - ืึท ื’ืจืื“ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืง ืคืขืœื“, ื’ืœื™ื™ึทืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื”ืขืœื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืจืึทืคื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื ื“ื˜ ืฆื• ืึท ืกื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ืขืจื™ ืคื•ื ื˜ ืึธืคึผืฆืึธืœ ื’ืขืฉื˜ืขืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื“ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึธืคึผืฆืึธืœ.

ืื–ื•ื™, ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืขืจืึทื”ืขืจื˜ื– ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ, ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื“ ื’ืจืึทื“ื™ืึทื ืฅ ื™ืงืกืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื ืกื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืึธืจื“ืขืจืก ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทื’ื ืึทื˜ื•ื“ ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืขื ืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืžื™ื˜ืœ. ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืคืขืœื“ ืงืขืจื•ื•ืึทื˜ืฉืขืจ ืื™ื– ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื˜ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืงืœืขื ืขืจืขืจ. ืขืก ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื’ืขื“ื•ื™ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืงืขื ืขื  ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืžืขืจ ืคึผืจืึทื ืึทื•ื ืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’.

ืกืกื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืกืฅ ื‘ืึทืฉืœืึธืกืŸ ืฆื• ืคึผืจื•ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจ. ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก, ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืึทืงืขื ืขื  ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธืŸ ื‘ื™ืžื– ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ื’ืขื“ื•ื™ืขืจ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืึธื•ืœื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืงืึทืžืคึผืจืขืฉืึทืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ STEAM ืžื™ื˜ืœ (STEAM-buncher).

ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ืกื˜: ืึท ืžื™ื ื™ืึทื˜ื•ืจืข ืœื™ื ืขืึทืจ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ืึทืงืึทืœ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืจืขืงืึธืจื“
ื‘ื™ืœื“ #3

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืžืคึผืจืขืกืขืจ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงืึธื ื ืขืงื˜ืขื“ ืฆื• ืึท ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืžืงื•ืจ, ื‘ื™ืžื– ืคื•ืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ืก (55 ืงืขื•ื•) ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืึธืคึผืฆืึธืœ ืคื•ืŸ ~ 1 ืคืง (ืคืขืžื˜ืึธืงืึธื•ืœืึธืžื‘) ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื‘ืขืขืจืขืš 300 ืžื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธืŸ ื‘ื™ืงืก ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ืขืึทืจ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืžื™ื˜ืœ (STEAM-linac). ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ืก ืงืขืŸ ื™ืงืกืคึผืึทื ื“ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื”ืฉืคึผืขื” ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืึธืคึผืฆืึธืœ ืคืึธืจืกืขืก ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• ืึท ื’ืขื“ื•ื™ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ 1000 ืคืก (ืคืขืžื˜ืึธืกืขืงืึธื ื“ืก).

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขื“ื•ื™ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœ ืคืึทืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 60% ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืึทืœื‘-ื•ื•ื™ื™ื•ื•ืœืขื ื’ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคืขืœื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืึธืคื˜ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ 1,7 ืคึผืก, ืจื™ื–ืึทืœื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืึธืกื˜-ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืจื•ื ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ 115 keV ืื•ืŸ ืึท ื”ืึทืœื‘-ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’. ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ 60 keV (3 ืึท).

ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื’ืœื™ื™ึทื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืจื˜, ื“ื™ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธืŸ ืคึผืจืึทืคึผืึทื’ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืœื™ื ืขืึทืจ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืกื™ืžื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืกื™ื ืง ืžื™ื˜ (ื“"ื” ืื•ื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ื ืง ืžื™ื˜) ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžืึทืœ ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜. ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธืŸ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึธืคืขื ื’ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฉืึทืŸ, ืึทืจืึธืคึผ ืฆื• ืึท ืกื•ื‘ืคึผื™ืงืึธืกืขืงืึธื ื“ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธื’ (3b). ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื–, ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžืึทืœ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ืึท ืคื•ืœ ื”ืึทืœื‘-ืฆื™ืงืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืึทื”ืขืจืฅ ืจืึทื“ื™ืึทืฆื™ืข ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข (3 ืก).

ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ืก ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ื–ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžืื›ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ืฆื• ืึทืจื•ืžืคืึธืจืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืขืก. ื“ื™ ื“ืขืกื™ื ื˜ืฉืจืึธื ื™ื–ืึทื˜ื™ืึธืŸ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืกื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ืœื™ื™ึทืขืจืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคืึทืจืฉืึทืคืŸ ืึทื ื•ื•ืึธื ื˜ื™ื“ ืกืœืึธื•ื“ืึทื•ืŸ (3d).

ืื™ืŸ ืกื“ืจ ืฆื• ืžื™ื ืึทืžื™ื™ื– ื“ื™ ื ืขื’ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืžืคึผืขืจืึทืœ ืคืึทืจืœืขื ื’ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœ, ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ STEAM ืžื™ื˜ืœ ืึทืคึผืขืจื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทืžืคึผืจืขืฉืึทืŸ ืžืึธื“ืข. ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ื•ื™ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœ ื‘ื™ื™ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ืึทืง ืื™ื– ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืขื“ ืฆื• ืึท ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ~ 350 fs (ื”ืึทืœื‘ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜) ื“ื•ืจืš ื˜ื•ื ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืจืึทื”ืขืจื˜ื– ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืกืึทืคึผืœื™ื™ื“ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžืคึผืจืขืกืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ืึทืง ืฆื• ืœื•ืงืข ืžืึธื“ืข (4b).

ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ืกื˜: ืึท ืžื™ื ื™ืึทื˜ื•ืจืข ืœื™ื ืขืึทืจ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ืึทืงืึทืœ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืจืขืงืึธืจื“
ื‘ื™ืœื“ #4

ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœ ื’ืขื“ื•ื™ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ื™ืžื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ื•ื™ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึธื˜ืึธืงืึทื˜ืึธื•ื“ ื•ื•ื• ื“ื•ื™ืคืขืง, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ~ 600 fs. ื“ื™ ื“ื™ืกื˜ืึทื ืกืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžืคึผืจืขืกืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืก ืื•ื™ืš ื’ืขืฉืคื™ืœื˜ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืจืึธืœืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืื’ืจืขื ืขืฆื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืงื ื™ื ื’ ืงืจืึทืคื˜. ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ, ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืœืขืŸ ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืคืขืžื˜ืึธืกืขืงืึธื ื“ ืคึผื™ื ื˜ืœืขื›ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฉืึทืŸ ืคืึทืกืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคืึทืกืข.

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืœื“ 4 ืึท ืขืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžืคึผืจืขืกื˜ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœ ื ืึธืš ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืขื“ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืœื™ื ืขืึทืจ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ื“ื™ืงืจื™ืกืึทื– ืžื™ื˜ ~ 4 ืžืืœ ืงืึทืžืคึผืขืจื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื ืงืึธืžืคึผืจืขืกืกืขื“ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ. ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ื“ื™ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืจื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžืคึผืจืขืกื˜ ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœ ืื™ื– ืฉื™ืคื˜ื™ื“ ืฆื• ื”ืขื›ืขืจ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข, ืื™ืŸ ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืึทืกื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื•ื ืงืึธืžืคึผืจืขืกืกืขื“ ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœ. ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผื™ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืกืคึผืขืงื˜ืจื•ื ื ืึธืš ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 115 keV, ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืš-ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ืขืง ืจื™ื˜ืฉืึทื– ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ 125 keV.

ื“ื™ ืคื™ื’ื™ืขืจื–, ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฉื™ื™ื“ืŸ ื“ืขืจืงืœืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก, ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“ (ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 70 ืงืขื•ื•) ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืจืึทื”ืจืฅ ืงื™ื™ื˜.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืกื“ืจ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข ื“ื™ืกืคึผืขืจืฉืึทืŸ (4 ืึท) ืžื•ื– ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ื˜ ืฐืขืจืŸ ื ืืš ื ืงื™ืจืฆืขืจ ืฉื˜ืจืืœ.

ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืจื™ื™ืกื˜: ืึท ืžื™ื ื™ืึทื˜ื•ืจืข ืœื™ื ืขืึทืจ ืคึผืึทืจื˜ืึทืงืึทืœ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ืึท ื ื™ื™ึทืข ืจืขืงืึธืจื“
ื‘ื™ืœื“ #5

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื•ื ืงืึธืžืคึผืจืขืกืกืขื“ ื™ื ื˜ืจืึธื•ื“ื•ืกื˜ ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœ, ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืจืึทื‘ืึทืœื™ืง ืึธืคืขื ื’ื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœ ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ืงืจืึทื ื˜ ืจื™ื•ื•ื™ืœื– ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ื•ื•ืขืจืก ืขืžื™ื˜ืึทื ืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืึธืจื™ื–ืึธื ื˜ืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ื™ืงืึทืœ ืื™ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืงืฆื™ืขืก: ฮตx,n = 1.703 ืžื * ืžืจืึทื“ ืื•ืŸ ฮตy, n = 1.491 ืžื * ืžืจืึทื“ (5 ืึท).

ืงืึทืžืคึผืจืขืฉืึทืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืจ, ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ื“ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ื•ื•ืขืจืก ืขืžื™ื˜ืึทื ืกืข ืžื™ื˜ 6 ืžืืœ ืฆื• ฮตx,n = 0,285 ืžื * ืžืจืึทื“ (ื”ืึธืจื™ื–ืึธื ื˜ืึทืœ) ืื•ืŸ ฮตy, n = 0,246 ืžื * ืžืจืึทื“ (ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ื™ืงืึทืœ).

ืขืก ืื™ื– ื›ื“ืื™ ืฆื• ื‘ืืžืขืจืงืŸ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ื’ืจืึทื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืžื™ื˜ืึทื ืก ืจืขื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื‘ืขืขืจืขืš ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ืžืึธืœ ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืึทื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœ ื’ืขื“ื•ื™ืขืจ ืจืขื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืžืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื˜-ืœื™ื ืขืึทืจื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืขืจืึทืงืฉืึทืŸ ื“ื™ื ืึทืžื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ืก ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ืคืึธื•ืงื™ืกื™ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืคืึธื•ืงื™ืกื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ื™ืง ืคืขืœื“ ื‘ืขืฉืึทืก ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ (5b ะธ 5 ืก).

ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืœื“ 5b ืขืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืŸ ืึทื– ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ืก ื‘ืึทืงืขื ืขื  ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžืึทืœ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ื”ืึทืœื‘-ืฆื™ืงืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจื™ืง ืคืขืœื“ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึธื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžืึทืœ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืคึผืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ืกืขืœืขืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ. ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืื ืขืŸ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืขื ื“ืœื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื’ืขืจ ืขื ืขืจื’ื™ืข, ื‘ืขืจืš ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜.

ื ืขื ืœืขืš ืกื™ื˜ื•ืึทืฆื™ืข ืื™ื– ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™ืงืกืคึผืึธื•ื–ื“ ืฆื• ืึท ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ื™ืง ืคืขืœื“. ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ืก ื™ื ื“ื–ืฉืขืงื˜ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžืึทืœ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจืคืึทืจื•ื ื’ ืกืึทืžืขื˜ืจื™ืงืึทืœ ืึทืžืึทื•ื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ positive ืื•ืŸ ื ืขื’ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ื™ืง ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืคื•ืŸ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ืก ืคืืจื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžืึทืœ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ positive ืคืขืœื“ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจืข ื ืขื’ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื•. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธื ืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืงืขื ืขื  ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืึธืคึผื˜ื™ืžืึทืœ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ืขืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจืข positive ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื ืขื’ืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• (5 ืก). ืื•ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ื“ื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึธืคึผื ื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืœื™ื ืงืก, ืจืขื›ื˜, ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึทืจืึธืคึผ, ื“ื™ืคึผืขื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืฉื˜ืขืœืข ืงืึธืจืขื•ื• ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืึทืงืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ืึท ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื ื–ื•ื•ืขืจืก ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ื•ื ืงืึธืจืึทืกืคึผืึทื ื“ื™ื ื’ ืฆื• ืคืึธื•ืงื™ืกื™ื ื’ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ืคืึธื•ืงื™ืกื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœ.

ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืžืขืจ ื“ื™ื˜ื™ื™ืœื“ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืึทื ืกื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ, ืื™ืš ืจืขืงืึธืžืขื ื“ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึท ืงื•ืง ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื™ืึทื ื˜ื™ืก ื‘ืึทืจื™ื›ื˜ ะธ ื ืึธืš ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœืก ืฆื• ืื™ื.

ืขืคึผื™ืœืึธื’

ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ืฆืขืจ, ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคืึทืจื’ืจืขืกืขืจืŸ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ื™ ื’ืขื“ื•ื™ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขืœืขืงื˜ืจืึธืŸ ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœ ืื™ื– ืจื™ื“ื•ืกื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜, ื“ื™ ืึทื˜ืฉื™ื•ื•ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœ ื’ืขื“ื•ื™ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืœื™ืžื™ื˜ืขื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื“ื–ืฉื™ืึทืžืึทื˜ืจื™ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ืกื˜ืึทืœื™ืจื•ื ื’. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขืึธืจื™ืข, ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœ ื’ืขื“ื•ื™ืขืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ 100 ืคืก.

ืกืกื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืกืฅ ืื•ื™ืš ื˜ืึธืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืงื•ื•ืึทืœื™ื˜ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืจืึทืœ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ื™ืžืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืจื™ื“ื•ืกื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ึทืขืจืก ืื•ืŸ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืกื™ื ื’ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ื•ืžืขืจ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื“ืขื ืื•ืคึฟืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึธืŸ ืคืจืื‘ืœืขืžืขืŸ, ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ื™ื ืงืจื™ืกื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืงืึทืžืคึผืœืขืงืกื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืึทื ื•ืคืึทืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื˜ืœ.

ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ ื‘ื™ื ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืึท ืžืขืจ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื˜ื™ื™ืœื“ ืœืขืจื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžื™ื ื™ืึทื˜ื•ืจืข ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืึท ืœื™ื ืขืึทืจ ืึทืงืกืขืœืขืจืึทื˜ืึธืจ. ื˜ืจืึธืฅ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ื˜ืขืกื˜ืขื“ ื•ื•ืขืจืกื™ืข ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื–ืŸ ื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜ืŸ, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืจื™ื™ื˜ืœื™ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืจื•ืคึฟืŸ ืจืขืงืึธืจื“-ื‘ืจื™ื™ืงื™ื ื’, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ.

ื“ืึทื ืงืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ, ื‘ืœื™ื™ึทื‘ืŸ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื•ื•ืึธืš ื’ื™ื™ื–! ๐Ÿ™‚

ื“ืื ืง ืื™ืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกื˜ื™ื™ื™ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื–. ืฆื™ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ? ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ ืžืขืจ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ืื™ื ื”ืึทืœื˜? ืฉื˜ื™ืฆืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ื•ืจืš ืคึผืœื™ื™ืกื™ื ื’ ืึท ืกื“ืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืจืขืงืึทืžืขื ื“ื™ื“ ืฆื• ืคืจืขื ื“ื–, 30% ืึทืจืึธืคึผืจืขื›ืขื ืขืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ Habr ื™ื•ื–ืขืจื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึท ื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืง ืึทื ืึทืœืึธื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธื–ื™ืฆื™ืข-ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื™ื ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ืึทื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืื•ื ื“ื– ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ืจ: ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืืžืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 ืงืึธืจืขืก) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps ืคึฟื•ืŸ $20 ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื˜ื™ื™ืœืŸ ืึท ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจ? (ื‘ื ื™ืžืฆื ืžื™ื˜ RAID1 ืื•ืŸ RAID10, ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 24 ืงืึธืจืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ ืฆื• 40GB DDR4).

Dell R730xd 2 ืžืืœ ื˜ืฉื™ืคึผืขืจ? ื ืึธืจ ื“ืึธ 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TV ืคึฟื•ืŸ $199 ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขื˜ื”ืขืจืœืึทื ื“ืก! Dell R420 - 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB - ืคึฟื•ืŸ $99! ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ื™ื ืคืจืึทืกื˜ืจืึทืงื˜ืฉืขืจ ืงืึธืจืคึผ. ืงืœืึทืก ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 ืกืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ 9000 ืขื•ืจืึธืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ืคึผืขื ื™?

ืžืงื•ืจ: www.habr.com

ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’